Celtic Tiger - Knowledge

701: 447:(ESRI) stated in 2002: "On balance, budgets over the past 10 to 20 years have been more favourable to high income groups than low income groups, but particularly so during periods of high growth". Unemployment fell from 18% in the late 1980s to 4.5% by the end of 2007, and average industrial wages grew at one of the highest rates in Europe. Inflation brushed 5% per annum towards the end of the "Tiger" period, pushing Irish prices up to those of Nordic Europe, even though wage rates are roughly the same as in the UK. The national debt had remained constant during the boom, but the GDP to debt ratio rose, due to the dramatic rise in GDP. 29: 845:, and many remote locations in the west show potential for wind farm development. A report by Sustainable Energy Ireland indicated that if wind power were properly developed, Ireland could one day be exporting excess wind power if the natural difficulties of integrating wind power into the national grid are solved. Wind power by November 2009 already accounted for 15.4% of total installed generating capacity in the state. By 2020, the Irish government forecasts that 40% of the country's energy needs will come from renewable sources, well above the EU average. 971: 1122:) and the European Union. Unemployment in Ireland was forecasted to rise almost 17 per cent in 2010, the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) stated in a report published on 28 April 2009, however, the unemployment rate in 2010 steadied at 14%. In 2010, the unemployment rate was at 14.8 per cent, and in order to escape economic downfall, Ireland requested €67.5 billion ($ 85.7 billion) from the International Monetary Fund and members of the euro area. Taking the money meant accepting austerity. 935: 6417: 600: 878:. Despite its mandate for stricter oversight, the agency never imposed major sanctions on any Irish institution, even though Ireland had experienced several major banking scandals in overcharging of their customers. Industry representatives disputed the idea that Ireland may be home to unchecked financial frauds. In December 2008, irregularities in directors' loans that had been kept off one bank's balance sheet for eight years forced the resignation of the 4566: 899: 427: 37: 1146:

were largely unfounded, and that the social impact of the Celtic Tiger had largely been positive. The economic boom led to lower levels of emigration and higher immigration than had historically been the case, while the government of the time acknowledged the continuing strain on some public services and that the "provision of social housing, childcare and the integration of newcomers" remained political priorities.

325:(GNP). Ireland is unique among cohesion countries, having allocated up to 35% of its Structural Funds to human resource investments, compared with an average of around 25% for other cohesion fund recipients. The Irish economy's increased productive capacity is sometimes attributed to these investments, which made Ireland more attractive to high-tech businesses, though the libertarian 757:, substantially lowering the average EU wage below its 1995 level. Low-paid sectors, such as retail and hospitality, remained below the EU-15 average, however. The pressures primarily affect unskilled, semi-skilled, and manufacturing jobs. Outsourcing of professional jobs also increased, with Poland in 2008 gaining several hundred former Irish jobs from the accountancy divisions of 513:, with the adoption of American capitalist ideals. While Ireland's historical economic ties to the UK had often been the subject of criticism, Peader Kirby argued that the new ties to the US economy were met with a "satisfied silence". Nevertheless, voices on the political left have decried the "closer to Boston than Berlin" philosophy of the 210:-style shipwreck, thrown from comfort, even luxury, into a cold sea of uncertainty." In February 2010, a report by Davy Research concluded that Ireland had "largely wasted” its years of high income during the boom, with private enterprise investing its wealth "in the wrong places". It compared Ireland's growth to other small 183:, who had been warning about impending collapse for some time, concluded: "The case is clear: an economically challenged government, perniciously influenced by the interests of the housing lobby, blew it. The entire Irish episode will be studied internationally in years to come as an example of how not to do things." 1053:

showing the bursting of the property bubble and a collapse in consumer spending that terminated the boom that was the Celtic Tiger. The figures show the gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the value of all the goods and services produced in the State, fell 0.8% in the second three months of

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In an economic analysis, the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) on 24 June 2008 forecast the possibility the Irish economy would experience marginal negative growth in 2008. This would be the first time since 1983. Outlining possible prospects for the economy for 2008, the ESRI said output

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In 2006, there was a surge in Foreign Direct Investment and a net increase of 3,795 in IDA supported jobs, with International and Financial Services having the highest growth rate. The reasons for the continuation of the Irish economic boom were somewhat controversial within Ireland. Some Economists,

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The economy was adversely affected by a large reduction in investment in the worldwide information technology (IT) industry. The industry had over-expanded in the late 1990s, and its stock market equity declined sharply. Ireland was a major player in the IT industry: in 2002, it had exported US$ 10.4

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The Celtic Tiger had more than just an economic impact, impacting also Ireland's social backdrop. 2007 research by the Economic and Social Research Institute, prior to the crash, found that fears over wider social inequality, declining community life, and a more selfish, materialist approach to life

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figures which indicate that Ireland is just above average in terms equality by one type of measurement. Moreover, Ireland's inequality persists by other measurements. According to an ESRI report published in December 2006, Ireland's child poverty level ranks 22nd out of the 26 richest countries, and

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After the slowdown in 2001 and 2002, Irish economic growth began to accelerate again in late 2003 and 2004. Some of the media considered that an opportunity to document the return of the Celtic Tiger – occasionally referred to in the press as the "Celtic Tiger 2" and "Celtic Tiger Mark 2". In

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or "Ireland's Economic Miracle". During that time, the country experienced a period of economic growth that transformed it from one of Western Europe's poorer countries into one of its wealthiest. The causes of Ireland's growth are the subject of some debate, but credit has been primarily given to

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said many people still did not realise how badly shaken the public finances were. By 30 January 2009, Ireland's government debt had become the riskiest in the euro zone, surpassing Greece's sovereign bonds, according to credit-default swap prices. In February 2009, Taoiseach Brian Cowen said that

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The return of the boom in 2004 was claimed to be primarily the result of the large construction sector's catching up with the demand caused by the first boom. The construction sector represented nearly 12% of GDP and a large proportion of employment among young, unskilled men. A number of sources,

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have satirised these developments. Growing wealth was blamed for rising crime levels among youths, particularly alcohol-related violence resulting from increased spending power. However, it was also accompanied by rapidly increased life expectancy and very high quality of life ratings; the country

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Irish workers can communicate effectively with Americans – especially compared to those in other low-wage, non-English-speaking EU nations, such as Portugal and Spain; this factor was vital to U.S. companies' choosing Ireland for their European headquarters. It has also been argued that the

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At the start of the 1990s, Ireland was a relatively poor country by Western European standards, with high poverty, high unemployment, inflation, and low economic growth. The Irish economy expanded at an average rate of 9.4% between 1995 and 2000, and continued to grow at an average rate of 5.9%

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difference allows Irish and British employees to work the first part of each day while US workers sleep. US firms were drawn to Ireland by cheap wage costs compared to the UK, and by the limited government intervention in business compared to other EU members, and particularly to countries in

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but a slowdown in the rate of economic expansion. Signs of a recovery became evident in late 2003, as US investment levels increased once again. Many senior economists have heavily criticised the government for the economic imbalance in favour of the construction industry, and the prospect of

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areas. It was estimated in 2007 that 10% of Irish residents were foreign-born; most of the new arrivals were citizens of Poland and the Baltic states, many of whom found work in the retail and service sectors. A study conducted in 2006 found that many Irish people regarded immigration as an

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growth rate ranged between 7.8 and 11.5%; it then slowed to between 4.4 and 6.5% from 2001 to 2007. During that period, the Irish GDP per capita rose dramatically to equal, then eventually surpass, that of all but one state in Western Europe. Although GDP does not represent the

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reported in 2004 that Ireland was second only to the US in inequality among Western nations. There is some opposition to the theory that Ireland's wealth has been unusually unevenly distributed, among them economist and journalist David McWilliams. He cites

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gas fields, and diversifying into coal in the 1970s. As gas, peat, and hydroelectric power have been almost fully exploited in Ireland, there is a continuously increasing need for imported fossil fuels at a time of increasing concerns about

729:. 2004 saw the construction of 80,000 new homes, compared to the UK's 160,000 – a nation that has 15 times Ireland's population. House prices doubled between 2000 and 2006; tax incentives were a key driver of this price rise, and the 252:. He concludes the chief factors were low taxation, pro-business regulatory policies, and a young, tech-savvy workforce. For many multinationals, the decision to do business in Ireland was made easier still by generous incentives from the 388:

on a statutory basis to promote education for highly skilled careers, particularly in biotechnology and information and communications technology, with the additional purpose to invest in science initiatives that aim to further Ireland's

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important factor for economic progress. Within Ireland, many young people left the rural countryside to live and work in urban centres. Many people in Ireland believe that the growing consumerism during the boom years eroded the

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countries such as Finland and Belgium – noting that the physical wealth of those countries exceeds that of Ireland because of their "vastly superior" transport infrastructure, telecommunications network, and public services.

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contracting by 14% and unemployment levels rising to 14% by 2011. The economic and financial crisis lasted until 2014; the year 2015 with a growth rate of 6.7% marked the beginning of a new period of strong economic growth.

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and risk-taking, qualities that had been dormant during poor economic periods. However, whilst some semblance of a culture of entrepreneurship exists, foreign-owned companies account for 93% of Ireland's exports.

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with foreign holidays accounting for over 91% of total holiday expenditure in 2004. However, the gap between the highest and lowest income households widened in the five-year period to 2004–2005; in response, the

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membership was helpful, giving the country lucrative access to markets that it had previously reached only through the United Kingdom, and pumping huge subsidies and investment capital into the Irish economy.

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in mid-April 2009 forecast a very poor outlook for Ireland. It projected that the Irish economy would contract by 8 per cent in 2009 and by 3 per cent in 2010 – and that might be on the optimistic side.

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2008 compared with the same quarter of 2007. That was the second successive quarter of negative economic growth, which is one definition of a recession. The Celtic Tiger was declared dead by October 2008.

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Rising wages, inflation, and excessive public spending led to a loss of competitiveness in the Irish economy. Irish wages were substantially above the EU average, particularly in the Dublin region, though

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billion worth of computer services, compared to $ 6.9 billion from the US. Ireland accounted for approximately 50% of all mass-market packaged software sold in Europe in 2002 (OECD, 2002; OECD, 2004).

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made 11 rate cuts that year in an attempt to stimulate the US economy. The EU scarcely grew throughout the whole of 2002, and many members' governments (notably in Germany and France) lost control of

3245: 2357:"Ireland: 2004 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ireland (IMF Country Report No. 04/348)" 682:, was established to promote new science companies in Ireland Maturing funds from the SSIA government savings scheme relaxed consumers' concerns about spending and thus fueled retail sales growth. 1106:“As far as responding to the recession goes, Ireland appears to be really, truly without options, other than to hope for an export-led recovery, if and when the rest of the world bounces back.” 797:

Ireland relies on imported fossil fuels for over 80% of its energy. Ireland for many years in the middle twentieth century limited its dependence on external energy sources by developing its

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Ireland's trend of net emigration was reversed as the republic became a destination for immigrants. This significantly changed Irish demographics and resulted in expanding

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states, and a similar figure was forecast for 2005. Those rates contrast with growth rates of 1% to 3% for many other European economies, including France, Germany, and

3139: 3094: 273:(Taoiseach from 1987 to 1992). People and businesses expected a stable economy, boosting their confidence to spend and invest due to anticipated stability in output. 769:

One of the major challenges facing Ireland is the successful promotion of indigenous industry. Although Ireland boasted a few large international companies, such as

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blamed Ireland's dire economic state in 2009 on a series of "calamitous" government policy errors. Between the years of 2000 and 2003 the then Finance Minister

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because of a rise in Irish wage costs, insurance premiums, and a general reduction in Ireland's economic competitiveness. The rising value of the Euro hit non-

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Ireland's membership in the EU since 1973 helped the country gain access to Europe's large markets. Ireland's trade had previously been predominantly with the

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term "Celtic Tiger" has been used to refer to the country itself, and to the years associated with the boom. The first recorded use of the phrase is in a 1994

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On 19 November 2010, the Irish government began talks on a multibillion-dollar economic assistance package with experts from the International Monetary Fund (

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of goods and services might fall that year—which would have been the Irish definition of a mild recession. It also predicted a recovery in 2009 and 2010.

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from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, a period of rapid real economic growth fuelled by foreign direct investment. The boom was dampened by a subsequent

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from the rising ratio of workers to dependents due to falling fertility, and increased female labour market participation, increased income per capita.

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damaged Ireland's tourism and agricultural sectors , deterring U.S. and British tourists. Several companies moved operations to Eastern Europe and the

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At the same time, economies globally experienced a slowdown. The US economy grew only 0.3% in April, May, and June 2002 from a year earlier, and the

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Globally, the U.S. recovery boosted Ireland's economy due to Ireland's close economic ties to the US. The decline in tourism as a result of

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Taoiseach Bertie Ahern acknowledged complex social challenges the provision of social housing, childcare and the integration of newcomers

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had reversed itself. The recovery of the global information technology industry was also a factor; Ireland produced 25% of all European

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Since joining the EU in 1973, Ireland has received over €17 billion in EU Structural and Cohesion Funds. These are made up of the

6371: 5395: 5184: 4443: 4438: 4284: 2557: 373:, to locate in Ireland; these companies were attracted to Ireland because of its EU membership, relatively low wages, government 2714: 1730: 329:

has suggested that the EU transfer payments were economically inefficient and may have actually slowed growth. The conservative

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rate (10 to 12.5% throughout the late 1990s). Since 1956, successive Irish governments have pursued low-taxation policies.

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Civil Rights Activists and Social Commentators have said that the growth throughout this period was merely due to a great

5587: 5500: 5457: 4418: 3449: 2673: 1764: 1734: 1050: 180: 156:; increased participation by women in the labour force; decades of investment in domestic higher education; targeting of 1793: 6526: 6516: 6352: 6116: 6019: 5513: 5424: 5199: 5002: 4962: 4950: 4945: 4933: 4861: 4777: 4159: 4040: 3963: 2944: 2101:"Business 2000 – Case Studies for the Classroom. Business Case Studies, Economics Case Studies, LCVP Case Studies" 1160: 1133:

after this period. The economy of Ireland continued to grow in 2022 rising by 11%, although projected to slow with the

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The Celtic Tiger's growth slowed along with the slowing in the world economy in 2002 after seven years of high growth.

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in 2005 described Ireland as the "Wild West of European finance", a perception that helped prompt the creation of the

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Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland. Accessed 4 November 2006.

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remained lower than the GDP, in 2007, the GNP achieved the same level as of some other Western European countries'.

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in Dublin led to the creation of 14,000 high-value jobs in the accounting, legal, and financial management sectors.

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argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations such as

3586: 3184: 2720:. Department of the Environment and Local Government/An Roinn Comhshaoil agus Rialtais Aitiuil. Archived from 1988: 1355: 514: 5622: 5331: 5245: 4732: 4526: 4294: 2411: 1284: 879: 700: 342: 2746: 1612: 1557: 6279: 5597: 5523: 5373: 5306: 5230: 5104: 5061: 4828: 3994: 3984: 3768: 3285: 616:. The pace of expansion in lending to households from 2003 to 2007 was among the highest in the euro area 5617: 4990: 4569: 4488: 4191: 4067: 3968: 3925: 3843: 2461: 2341:

Irish Economy: Home Truths on Irish Exports as Ireland faces a changed global economy in the decade ahead

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became "perhaps the ultimate symbol of our contemporary Celtic Tigerland", product of Irish conglomerate

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economist Morgan Kelly predicted that house prices would fall by 80% from peak to trough in real terms.

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in Ireland ended in 2015, when the economy began growing. The economy began outpacing the rest of the

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Ireland was transformed from one of the poorest countries in Western Europe to one of the wealthiest.

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terminology database and has been used in government and administrative contexts since at least 2005.

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The new wealth resulted in large investments in modernising Irish infrastructure and cities. The

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The information technology sector was a significant factor in the Irish economic boom.

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said Ireland had lost ground in international competitiveness every year since 2000.

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led to improvements in roads, and new transport services were developed, such as the

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A Baseline Assessment of Ireland's Oil Dependence – key policy considerations.

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to develop, "on an immense scale". However, he wrote nothing of the impact of the

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was likely, but by January 2009, it seemed possible the country could experience a

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In September 2008, Ireland became the first eurozone country to officially enter

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further established Ireland's ability to provide a stable business environment.

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Historian Richard Aldous stated the Celtic Tiger has now gone the "way of the

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also attributed to transfer payments no significant role in causing growth.

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government subsequently received substantial criticism for these policies.

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Eastern Europe. Growing stability in Northern Ireland brought about by the

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Central Statistics Office: Quarterly National Household Survey for Q4 2007

1420:- Deputy McGinley: "go speisialta ó tháinig an tíogar Ceilteach chun cinn" 466:. Local authorities enhanced city streets and built monuments such as the 6263: 6176: 5875: 5819: 5780: 5041: 4767: 4516: 4100: 3901: 3726: 2598:"Bell Labs to Establish Major Research and Development Centre in Ireland" 1242: 1190: 1065: 778: 497: 358: 253: 206: 187: 153: 124:

report by Kevin Gardiner. The term refers to Ireland's similarity to the

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Dublin Calling: Globalisation of a Metropolis on the European Periphery.

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Public debt as a percentage of GDP dropped significantly over the 1990s.

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Irish Economy: Sustainable growth dependent on foreign firms since 1990

1175: 1086: 934: 831: 827: 117: 6001: 882:. Economic commentator David McWilliams has described the collapse of 6389: 6110: 5894: 5749: 5724: 5699: 5124: 4428: 3917: 2870: 2715:"Tax Reliefs for Owner-Occupied and Rented Residential Accommodation" 1912: 1059: 1046: 838: 675: 587: 402: 370: 354: 266: 95:

The economy underwent a dramatic reversal from 2008, hit hard by the

6075: 5795: 4478: 3639:"Irish economy to grow 5.4pc this year despite 6.1pc inflation – EU" 3528:"So, how much damage has the New York Times really done to Ireland?" 2833: 2712: 2131:"Regional Programmes Within the National Development Plan 2000-2006" 6301: 6234: 5899: 5785: 5729: 5134: 4423: 1992: 1007: 859: 826:. One solution is to develop alternative energy sources, including 819: 678:

planned to open a future facility. Domestically, a new state body,

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has also suggested that the economic boom partly resulted from the

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Ireland's economy appeared on course to contract by 6.5% in 2009.

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John Purcell, Comptroller and Auditor General (8 December 2005).

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The Heritage Foundation: 23 June 2006. Retrieved 6 November 2006.

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many poorer Eastern European states had joined the EU since 2004

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exports, particularly those to the U.S. and the United Kingdom.

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Tony Fahey; Helen Russell; Christopher T. Whelan, eds. (2007).

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symbolises the modernisation and growing prosperity of Ireland.

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and investment capital by Irish state organisations (such as

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Miracle of the Celtic Tiger: Learning from Ireland's Success

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Reinventing Ireland: Culture, Society and the Global Economy

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in a grim assessment of where Ireland stood, then Taoiseach

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There had been a renewed investment by multinational firms.

168:, which provided transfer payments and export access to the 4060: 3715:. Dublin, Ireland: Economic and Social Research Institute. 3392: 3278:"Gilmore says Govt has no strategy to get out of recession" 3095:"If FitzPatrick lived in New York, he'd have been arrested" 1627: 798: 475: 455: 362: 179:, the Celtic Tiger had all but died. Some critics, such as 164:

rate; an English-speaking workforce; and membership of the

46: 32:

Historical GDP per capita development of Ireland and the UK

3579:"IMF warns Ireland will pay highest price to secure banks" 1379:(2002) Peadar Kirby, Luke Gibbons, Michael Cronin, p. 17. 5827: 2305:"The Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index" 1902: 1334:"Doing the maths: how real is Ireland's economic growth?" 1119: 652: 579:, causing large deficits that broke the terms of the EMU 233: 224: 104: 2275:"FF-PD policy to blame for economic ills, claims report" 1705:"Low-tax policies created the Tiger (Ireland's Economy)" 1469:"The Celtic Tiger: Ireland's Economic Miracle Explained" 841:

is currently under construction off the east coast near

643:, Dell (whose major European manufacturing plant was in 530:

s 2005 quality of life index, dropping to 12th by 2013.

5256:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

2812: 2462:"Celtic Tiger roars again – but not for the poor". 1667:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970-2000

1525:"Cowen must be Mister Fix-It, not a master of disaster" 4610: 3012: 3010: 792: 4986:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

3709:

Best of Times? The Social Impact of the Celtic Tiger

3658:"Irish economy grows by nearly 11% in first quarter" 2434:"Annual Growth Survey Annex 2 Macro-Economic Report" 608:

2004, Irish growth was the highest, at 4.5%, of the

533:

The growing success of Ireland's economy encouraged

3363:"Ireland's Gov't debt now rated riskiest in Europe" 3017:Lavery, Brian; O'Brien, Timothy L. (1 April 2005). 2355:Ajai Chopra and Martin Fetherston (November 2004). 764: 3007: 2362:. International Monetary Fund Publication Services 1791:"The Irish Regions Office" Retrieved 28 March 2013 1216:"Suddenly Rich, Poor Old Ireland Seems Bewildered" 1049:. The recession was confirmed by figures from the 853:Ireland's new wealth is unevenly distributed. The 336: 301:(ESF) and were used to increase investment in the 5349:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 3019:"For Insurance Regulators, Trails Lead to Dublin" 3016: 2162:"Top breakfast baguette rolls into Irish history" 1603:"Fruits of boom largely wasted, says Davy report" 438:soared to record levels, enabling a huge rise in 281:Many economists credit Ireland's growth to a low 6433: 2153: 541: 84:during the following decade until 2008, when it 6195:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 2878:Towards a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland 2792:"IMF Working Paper 08/02 Spillovers to Ireland" 2212:"Population and Migration Estimates April 2005" 2187:"Population and Migration Estimates April 2003" 3655: 3420:"FitzGerald says crisis started with McCreevy" 2971:"Friedman the free thinker - David McWilliams" 2916:Sustainable Energy Authority Of Ireland - SEAI 2268: 2266: 2237:"Attitudes towards immigrants and immigration" 2217:. Central Statistics Office. 14 September 2005 2064: 2062: 863:it is the 2nd most unequal country in Europe. 190:". In early 2008, many commentators thought a 80:which resulted in a severe economic downturn. 4829: 4596: 4170:Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment 3933: 3769: 2996:village.ie - Editorial: The promises of greed 2777:Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General 2192:. Central Statistics Office. 10 December 2003 1862:, 14 October 2004. Retrieved 6 November 2006. 1850: 1848: 1354:. Irelandinformationguide.com. Archived from 1085:boosted public spending by 48% while cutting 876:Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority 396: 384:In July 2003, the government established the 361:) encouraged high-profile companies, such as 143:The Celtic Tiger period has also been called 3393:"Breaking News, World News & Multimedia" 2547:27 February 2004. Retrieved 6 November 2006. 2456: 2454: 1594: 421: 305:and to build physical infrastructure. These 289:European Union Structural and Cohesion Funds 6447:Economic history of the Republic of Ireland 4958:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 2739:"Warning that house prices may fall by 80%" 2469:, 7 October 2004. Accessed 6 November 2006. 2263: 2059: 1842:. Cato Institute. Accessed 4 November 2006. 1807: 1805: 1439:"is measa a bhain leis an Tíogar Ceilteach" 929: 586:The economic downturn in Ireland was not a 515:Fianna Fáil-Progressive Democrat government 6381:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 4836: 4822: 4603: 4589: 3940: 3926: 3776: 3762: 2713:Charlie McCreevy TD Minister for Finance. 2567:6 October 2004. Retrieved 6 November 2006. 2558:"Tánaiste opens Google Offices in Dublin." 1962:. I.F.S.C.ie. 21 June 2010. Archived from 1845: 1458:- "ó na 1990í i leith an Tíogar Ceilteach" 747: 591:sustaining economic growth in the future. 470:. An academic said in 2008 that the jumbo 2945:"Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland" 2703:: 16 June 2005. Accessed 4 November 2006. 2644:"Savers boost SSIA funds for €14bn spree" 2587:26 April 2005. Retrieved 6 November 2006. 2480:"Financial Statistics Summary Chart Pack" 2451: 1983: 1981: 848: 478:and eaten by busy workers buying food in 6200:Association football in Northern Ireland 4136:Strategic Banking Corporation of Ireland 3886:Strategic Banking Corporation of Ireland 2789: 2159: 1989:"Web site of Science Foundation Ireland" 1932: 1871: 1833:Markets Created a Pot of Gold in Ireland 1802: 969: 933: 699: 598: 425: 35: 27: 5396:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 4444:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society 4439:Irish Agricultural Organisation Society 3500: 2272: 1935:"Entrepreneurship Takes Off in Ireland" 1213: 674:was building a new Irish facility, and 594: 379:International Financial Services Centre 6434: 3947: 3246:"Celtic Tiger dead as recession bites" 2439:. European Commission. 12 January 2012 2047:. Central Statistics Office. July 2007 1978: 1308:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 445:Economic and Social Research Institute 348: 5665: 5455: 5276: 4882: 4817: 4584: 3921: 3757: 2674:"Lenihan has got figures 'all wrong'" 2641: 2273:Creaton, Siobhan (24 February 2011). 1813:"How Ireland Became the Celtic Tiger" 1789:name = "EU support for Irish Regions" 1680:"Macroeconomics: Policy and Practice" 1638:"IMF Staff Country Report No. 02/170" 1600: 3678:"Social effects of the Celtic Tiger" 2405: 1872:Stensrud, Christian (October 2016). 1214:Alvarez, Lizette (2 February 2005). 892: 136:version of the term, appears in the 4419:Aurivo Co-operative Society Limited 3254:. 26 September 2008. Archived from 2864: 1933:Flanigan, James (17 January 2008). 1890:from the original on 9 October 2022 1656:– website article, 22 December 2012 866: 655:all had sizeable Irish operations. 148:state-driven economic development; 16:Irish economy between 1995 and 2007 13: 5425:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 5200:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 4998:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 4843: 4236:Regions by Human Development Index 3228:"Management of economy is 'vital'" 2042:"Household Budget Survey 2004 -05" 1430:Speech by the President of Ireland 1161:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 1140: 793:Reliance on foreign energy sources 712: 321:, were as high as 4% of Ireland's 295:European Regional Development Fund 14: 6548: 5210:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 3785:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 2909:"Publications - Resources - SEAI" 2642:Bushe, Andrew (17 October 2004). 662:had resumed its Irish expansion, 6415: 5379:Tallest buildings and structures 4565: 4564: 3699: 3670: 3649: 3631: 3609:"Unemployment to hit 17% - ESRI" 3601: 897: 765:Promotion of indigenous industry 254:Industrial Development Authority 218: 175:By mid-2007, in the wake of the 152:among employers, government and 6512:2007 in the Republic of Ireland 6507:2006 in the Republic of Ireland 6502:2005 in the Republic of Ireland 6497:2004 in the Republic of Ireland 6492:2003 in the Republic of Ireland 6487:2002 in the Republic of Ireland 6482:2001 in the Republic of Ireland 6477:2000 in the Republic of Ireland 6472:1999 in the Republic of Ireland 6467:1998 in the Republic of Ireland 6462:1997 in the Republic of Ireland 6457:1996 in the Republic of Ireland 6452:1995 in the Republic of Ireland 3571: 3545: 3520: 3501:Krugman, Paul (20 April 2009). 3494: 3468: 3450:"Look to Boston, not to Berlin" 3442: 3412: 3385: 3355: 3325: 3300: 3270: 3238: 3220: 3199: 3169: 3144: 3133: 3112: 3087: 3062: 3036: 2989: 2963: 2937: 2901: 2827: 2801: 2783: 2761: 2731: 2706: 2691: 2666: 2635: 2616: 2590: 2570: 2550: 2530: 2508: 2489:. 12 March 2013. Archived from 2472: 2426: 2399: 2374: 2348: 2332: 2318: 2297: 2246: 2229: 2204: 2179: 2160:McDonald, Brian (12 May 2008). 2123: 2093: 2084: 2034: 2014: 1999: 1952: 1926: 1865: 1825: 1783: 1753: 1723: 1697: 1672: 1659: 1647: 1601:White, Rossa (2 October 2010). 1580:"So Who Got Us Into This Mess?" 1572: 1542: 1517: 1491: 1461: 1442: 1423: 1411: 1057:In a November 2008 interview in 727:excessive Irish property values 353:In the 1990s, the provision of 337:Trade within the European Union 177:growing global financial crisis 5215:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 2797:. International Monetary Fund. 2254:Book review of Peader Kirby's 1643:. International Monetary Fund. 1390: 1370: 1344: 1326: 1316: 1270: 1260: 1235: 1207: 1186:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 19:For the Irish dance show, see 1: 5277: 4527:Banknotes of Northern Ireland 3881:Economic Adjustment Programme 2809:"Supporting SMEs Online Tool" 2387:. International Monetary Fund 2242:. Immigration and immigrants. 2137:. 9 July 2012. Archived from 1201: 805:projects, including a dam at 695: 542:Slowdown in growth, 2001–2003 276: 72:) is a term referring to the 45: Real GDP (chained 2010 6280:Northern Ireland flags issue 5456: 5231:List of conflicts in Ireland 4975:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 4005:Companies on Euronext Dublin 2876:"ESB Comments on GreenPaper 2256:The Celtic Tiger In Distress 1072: 974:European debt to GDP ratios 7: 5666: 5251:Gaelic clothing and fashion 4883: 4502:Post-2008 economic downturn 3969:Economy of Northern Ireland 3140:Figure 3. Irish yield curve 2344:, Finfacts Team, 4 May 2009 2031:. Accessed 4 November 2006. 1913:"Home - Enterprise Ireland" 1418:Irish Parliamentary Debates 1149: 1112:International Monetary Fund 622:increase in property values 462:, and the extension of the 10: 6553: 4197:Department for the Economy 4127:Ireland state owned Banks: 3553:"The Sunday Business Post" 3120:"The Sunday Business Post" 2861:Retrieved 8 November 2006. 2632:Retrieved 6 November 2006. 2410:. Finfacts. Archived from 2382:"IMF Working Paper 02/160" 1499:"The Sunday Business Post" 680:Science Foundation Ireland 562:People's Republic of China 397:Geography and demographics 386:Science Foundation Ireland 198:. In early January 2009, 18: 6527:2000s in economic history 6517:1990s in economic history 6411: 6310: 6248: 6185: 6125: 6038: 5986: 5941: 5908: 5853: 5818: 5768: 5687: 5678: 5674: 5661: 5596: 5499: 5468: 5464: 5451: 5361: 5289: 5285: 5272: 5223: 5011: 4895: 4891: 4878: 4854: 4705: 4622: 4560: 4487: 4411: 4323: 4275: 4244: 4228: 4212: 4152: 4083: 4033: 3977: 3959: 3894: 3821: 3795: 2898:Retrieved 5 January 2009. 2576:Abbott Ireland (Pharma). 2260:Accessed 4 November 2006. 1796:18 September 2012 at the 1051:Central Statistics Office 906:This article needs to be 830:and, to a lesser extent, 633:11 September 2001 attacks 581:Stability and Growth Pact 558:11 September 2001 attacks 452:National Development Plan 422:Impact of economic growth 239: 158:foreign direct investment 4507:Post-2008 banking crisis 4229:Development demographics 2698:The global housing boom. 2650:. London. Archived from 2135:The Irish Regions Office 1855:"The luck of the Irish". 1454:17 December 2013 at the 1435:13 December 2013 at the 1104:had a bleak prediction, 930:Contraction of the Tiger 6532:2000s in Irish politics 6522:1990s in Irish politics 6372:Prostitution (Republic) 4202:Invest Northern Ireland 4034:Currency & taxation 3001:2 February 2009 at the 2628:2 February 2009 at the 2583:2 February 2009 at the 2563:2 February 2009 at the 2487:Central Bank of Ireland 2005:Proinnsias Breathnach. 1831:Benjamin Powell(2003). 1243:"The luck of the Irish" 801:bogs, building various 748:Loss of competitiveness 111: 97:global financial crisis 5241:List of Irish kingdoms 1550:"No time for whingers" 1473:Dublic Water to Energy 1038: 967: 849:Distribution of wealth 709: 629:foot and mouth disease 604: 554:Foot and mouth disease 521:, Mike McCormick, and 492:, particularly in the 458:light rail lines, the 431: 323:gross national product 69: 57: 33: 6348:Mass media (Republic) 6292:National coat of arms 5180:IRA Northern Campaign 4782:United Arab Emirates 4532:Anglo-Irish trade war 2460:Angelique Chrisafis. 1765:Revenue Commissioners 1735:Revenue Commissioners 1449:Galway County Council 1095:European Central Bank 973: 938:Ireland bond prices, 937: 735:Progressive Democrats 703: 666:created an office in 602: 429: 408:Good Friday Agreement 39: 31: 6270:County coats of arms 6162:List of Irish people 5236:List of Irish tribes 5086:Cromwellian conquest 5072:Plantation of Ulster 5003:Ireland (since 1922) 4522:Banknotes of Ireland 4185:Croke Park Agreement 4165:Minister for Finance 3656:Eoin Burke-Kennedy. 2556:Google Ireland Ltd. 2543:23 July 2011 at the 2027:23 June 2007 at the 1818:3 March 2010 at the 1771:on 28 September 2007 1127:economic contraction 940:Inverted yield curve 813:in 1928, developing 595:Post-2003 resurgence 416:demographic dividend 309:from members of the 299:European Social Fund 101:European debt crisis 6385:in Northern Ireland 6376:in Northern Ireland 6117:Legendary creatures 6030:Traditional singing 5866:Saint Patrick's Day 5501:Republic of Ireland 5430:Tourist attractions 5415:ROI–UK border 5400:of Northern Ireland 5353:in Northern Ireland 5185:IRA Border Campaign 5160:War of Independence 5130:Second Great Famine 5115:Act of Union (1800) 5067:Flight of the Earls 4924:Lordship of Ireland 4859:Republic of Ireland 4056:Currency Commission 3732:on 28 November 2017 2727:on 4 November 2011. 2526:on 16 October 2015. 2406:Hennigan, Michael. 2285:on 18 February 2013 2072:. ESRI Dublin. 2002 1966:on 24 December 2018 1838:6 July 2008 at the 1590:on 10 October 2009. 1505:on 13 November 2010 1479:on 3 September 2018 1196:Tiger Cub Economies 1171:Green Jersey Agenda 880:Financial Regulator 685:In September 2009, 672:Abbott Laboratories 517:. Writers such as 349:Industrial policies 331:Heritage Foundation 223:From 1995 to 2000, 130:An Tíogar Ceilteach 86:fell into recession 70:An Tíogar Ceilteach 6422:Ireland portal 5740:Skirts and kidneys 5246:List of High Kings 5165:Anglo-Irish Treaty 5105:First Great Famine 5090:Settlement of 1652 5062:Tyrone's Rebellion 5052:Desmond Rebellions 4941:Kingdom of Ireland 4180:July Jobs Stimulus 4116:Allied Irish Banks 4025:Supermarket chains 3964:Economy of Ireland 3619:on 13 October 2012 3589:on 13 October 2012 3507:The New York Times 3480:The New York Times 3430:on 17 October 2012 3398:The New York Times 3373:on 13 October 2012 3258:on 2 February 2009 3187:on 11 October 2012 3152:"We blew the boom" 3023:The New York Times 2977:on 4 February 2009 2951:on 21 January 2010 2520:www.idaireland.com 1939:The New York Times 1615:on 22 January 2011 1560:on 20 October 2012 1221:The New York Times 1039: 968: 953: 10 year bond 947: 15 year bond 872:The New York Times 820:security of supply 710: 605: 483:convenience stores 464:Cork Suburban Rail 460:Dublin Port Tunnel 432: 283:corporate taxation 230:standard of living 150:social partnership 74:economy of Ireland 58: 34: 6429: 6428: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6402: 5814: 5813: 5705:Bacon and cabbage 5657: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5524:Foreign relations 5447: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5374:Notable buildings 5268: 5267: 5264: 5263: 4811: 4810: 4624:Post-World War II 4578: 4577: 4434:Dublin Food Co-op 4299:Business schools 4020:Restaurant chains 3990:Largest companies 3915: 3914: 3722:978-1-904541-58-5 3288:on 8 October 2012 2925:on 2 January 2016 2892:on 18 March 2009. 2749:on 8 October 2012 2654:on 4 January 2006 2496:on 11 August 2018 2279:Irish Independent 2166:Irish Independent 2020:Dermot McAleese. 1995:on 12 March 2013. 1711:. 24 October 2004 1709:Irish Independent 1358:on 1 October 2011 1340:. 3 January 2016. 1338:Irish Independent 1079:Garret FitzGerald 1077:Former Taoiseach 965: 3 year bond 959: 5 year bond 927: 926: 740:In January 2009, 511:country's culture 440:consumer spending 436:Disposable income 391:knowledge economy 307:transfer payments 126:East Asian Tigers 90:Four Asian Tigers 55: Nominal GDP 21:Celtic Tiger Live 6544: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6097:Tuatha Dé Danann 5685: 5684: 5676: 5675: 5663: 5662: 5598:Northern Ireland 5576: 5566: 5556: 5466: 5465: 5453: 5452: 5287: 5286: 5274: 5273: 5150:Home Rule crisis 4980:Northern Ireland 4893: 4892: 4880: 4879: 4867:Northern Ireland 4838: 4831: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4612:Economic miracle 4605: 4598: 4591: 4582: 4581: 4568: 4567: 4454:Londis (Ireland) 4449:Lakeland Dairies 4192:Northern Ireland 4106:First Trust Bank 4068:Northern Ireland 3942: 3935: 3928: 3919: 3918: 3813:Anglo Irish Bank 3778: 3771: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3731: 3725:. Archived from 3714: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3615:. Archived from 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3585:. Archived from 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3555:. Archived from 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3426:. Archived from 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3369:. Archived from 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3339:. Archived from 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3284:. Archived from 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3183:. Archived from 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3148: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3014: 3005: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2973:. 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Archived from 2270: 2261: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2216: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2107:. Archived from 2097: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2066: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2046: 2038: 2032: 2018: 2012: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1991:. Archived from 1985: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1909: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1889: 1878: 1869: 1863: 1852: 1843: 1829: 1823: 1809: 1800: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1767:. Archived from 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1737:. Archived from 1727: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1676: 1670: 1669:(2007), pp 7-36. 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1634: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1611:. Archived from 1598: 1592: 1591: 1586:. Archived from 1576: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1556:. Archived from 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1501:. Archived from 1495: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1475:. Archived from 1465: 1459: 1446: 1440: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1394: 1388: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1330: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1289: 1283:. Archived from 1282: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1211: 1181:PIGS (economics) 1135:global recession 1083:Charlie McCreevy 1032: 1023: 1014: 1005: 996: 987: 978: 964: 958: 952: 946: 922: 919: 913: 901: 900: 893: 884:Anglo Irish Bank 867:Banking scandals 535:entrepreneurship 526:ranked first in 490:multiculturalism 303:education system 263:Frederic Mishkin 181:David McWilliams 138:Foras na Gaeilge 54: 44: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6442:Tiger economies 6432: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6416: 6414: 6399: 6367:outside Ireland 6338:Historic houses 6306: 6287:Irish Wolfhound 6258:Brighid's Cross 6244: 6215:Gaelic handball 6210:Gaelic football 6181: 6152:Hiberno-Normans 6121: 6034: 5982: 5937: 5918:Hiberno-English 5904: 5849: 5810: 5764: 5670: 5649: 5592: 5574: 5564: 5554: 5495: 5486:Ulster loyalism 5460: 5439: 5357: 5281: 5260: 5219: 5145:Dublin lock-out 5081:Confederate War 5032:Norman invasion 5019:Battles of Tara 5007: 4963:1801–1923 4951:1691–1800 4946:1536–1691 4934:1169–1536 4887: 4874: 4850: 4842: 4812: 4807: 4701: 4618: 4609: 4579: 4574: 4556: 4483: 4474:The Urban Co-op 4407: 4319: 4277: 4271: 4257:Belfast economy 4240: 4224: 4208: 4148: 4096:Bank of Ireland 4079: 4051:Currency Centre 4029: 3973: 3955: 3946: 3916: 3911: 3890: 3817: 3808:Property bubble 3791: 3782: 3751: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3687: 3685: 3682:The Irish Times 3676: 3675: 3671: 3663:The Irish Times 3654: 3650: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3503:"Erin Go Broke" 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3343:on 26 July 2010 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3234:. 10 July 2008. 3226: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3050:. 13 March 2005 3042: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3015: 3008: 3003:Wayback Machine 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2882: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2855:on 24 May 2006. 2852: 2845: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2788: 2784: 2772: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2717: 2711: 2707: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2640: 2636: 2630:Wayback Machine 2621: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2604:on 6 March 2006 2596: 2595: 2591: 2585:Wayback Machine 2575: 2571: 2565:Wayback Machine 2555: 2551: 2545:Wayback Machine 2536:Press release. 2535: 2531: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2459: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2414:on 21 June 2007 2404: 2400: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2349: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2271: 2264: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2114: 2112: 2111:on 4 March 2016 2105:business2000.ie 2099: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2029:Wayback Machine 2019: 2015: 2004: 2000: 1987: 1986: 1979: 1969: 1967: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1853: 1846: 1840:Wayback Machine 1830: 1826: 1820:Wayback Machine 1810: 1803: 1798:Wayback Machine 1788: 1784: 1774: 1772: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1714: 1712: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1684:www.pearson.com 1678: 1677: 1673: 1664: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1608:The Irish Times 1599: 1595: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1561: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1482: 1480: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1456:Wayback Machine 1447: 1443: 1437:Wayback Machine 1428: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1375: 1371: 1361: 1359: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1301: 1300: 1293: 1291: 1290:on 23 June 2014 1287: 1280: 1278:"Archived copy" 1276: 1275: 1271: 1265: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1152: 1143: 1141:Cultural impact 1100:Nobel laureate 1075: 1037: 1030: 1028: 1021: 1019: 1012: 1010: 1003: 1001: 994: 992: 985: 983: 976: 966: 962: 960: 956: 954: 950: 948: 944: 932: 923: 917: 914: 911: 902: 898: 869: 851: 795: 767: 750: 715: 713:Property market 706:Spire of Dublin 698: 597: 577:public finances 573:Federal Reserve 544: 480:filling station 468:Spire of Dublin 424: 399: 351: 339: 297:(ERDF) and the 291: 279: 271:Charles Haughey 242: 221: 201:The Irish Times 162:corporation tax 114: 78:property bubble 56: 52: 50: 42: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6550: 6540: 6539: 6537:Economic booms 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6427: 6426: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6378: 6369: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6333:Heritage Sites 6330: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6272: 6267: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6157:Irish diaspora 6154: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6145:Gaelic Ireland 6137: 6131: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6044: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5888: 5886:Rose of Tralee 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5695:List of dishes 5691: 5689: 5682: 5672: 5671: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5611:D'Hondt method 5602: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5572:Seanad Éireann 5568: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5462: 5461: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5312:Extreme points 5309: 5304: 5302:Climate change 5299: 5293: 5291: 5283: 5282: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5120:1803 Rebellion 5117: 5112: 5110:1798 Rebellion 5107: 5102: 5097: 5095:Williamite War 5092: 5083: 5077:1641 Rebellion 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5057:Spanish Armada 5054: 5049: 5047:Tudor conquest 5044: 5039: 5037:Bruce campaign 5034: 5029: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4982:(1921–present) 4977: 4972: 4970:Irish Republic 4967: 4966: 4965: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4929:800–1169 4920:Gaelic Ireland 4917: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4899: 4889: 4888: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4864: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4841: 4840: 4833: 4826: 4818: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4792:United States 4790: 4789: 4788: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4608: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4297: 4295:Businesspeople 4292: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4252:Dublin economy 4248: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4220:United Ireland 4216: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4073:Pound sterling 4065: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3945: 3944: 3937: 3930: 3922: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3833: 3831: 3829:Bank guarantee 3825: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3789:banking crisis 3781: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3758: 3744: 3743: 3721: 3698: 3684:. 29 June 2007 3669: 3648: 3645:. 16 May 2022. 3630: 3600: 3583:irishtimes.com 3570: 3559:on 1 July 2009 3544: 3532:Independent.ie 3519: 3493: 3482:. 4 April 2018 3476:"Paul Krugman" 3467: 3454:Independent.ie 3441: 3424:Independent.ie 3411: 3384: 3354: 3324: 3299: 3269: 3251:Irish Examiner 3237: 3219: 3198: 3181:irishtimes.com 3168: 3156:Independent.ie 3143: 3132: 3111: 3099:Independent.ie 3086: 3074:Independent.ie 3061: 3048:Independent.ie 3035: 3006: 2988: 2962: 2936: 2900: 2863: 2859:(9.88 KB) 2826: 2815:on 9 July 2006 2800: 2790:Daniel Kanda. 2782: 2760: 2730: 2705: 2690: 2678:Independent.ie 2665: 2634: 2615: 2589: 2569: 2549: 2529: 2507: 2471: 2450: 2425: 2398: 2373: 2347: 2331: 2317: 2296: 2262: 2245: 2228: 2203: 2178: 2152: 2141:on 9 July 2012 2122: 2092: 2083: 2058: 2033: 2013: 1998: 1977: 1951: 1925: 1901: 1881:civitas.org.uk 1864: 1844: 1824: 1801: 1782: 1752: 1741:on 17 May 2007 1722: 1696: 1671: 1665:R. F. Foster, 1658: 1646: 1626: 1593: 1571: 1541: 1529:Independent.ie 1516: 1490: 1460: 1441: 1422: 1410: 1389: 1369: 1343: 1325: 1315: 1269: 1259: 1234: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1151: 1148: 1142: 1139: 1131:European Union 1074: 1071: 1029: 1020: 1011: 1002: 993: 984: 975: 961: 955: 949: 943: 931: 928: 925: 924: 905: 903: 896: 868: 865: 855:United Nations 850: 847: 824:global warming 794: 791: 766: 763: 749: 746: 714: 711: 697: 694: 596: 593: 543: 540: 528:The Economist' 472:breakfast roll 423: 420: 398: 395: 350: 347: 343:United Kingdom 338: 335: 327:Cato Institute 311:European Union 290: 287: 278: 275: 258:European Union 256:. In addition 241: 238: 220: 217: 166:European Union 134:Irish language 122:Morgan Stanley 113: 110: 51: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6549: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6424: 6423: 6410: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6390:Public houses 6388: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5646: 5645:Peace process 5643: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5575:(upper house) 5573: 5569: 5567: 5565:(lower house) 5563: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481:Republicanism 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5195:Peace process 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5175:The Emergency 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5155:Easter Rising 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5140:Fenian Rising 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4915:Early history 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4796:Massachusetts 4794: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4616:tiger economy 4613: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4594: 4592: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4571: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412:Co-operatives 4410: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 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3958: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3936: 3931: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3908: 3907:Brian Lenihan 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3774: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3710: 3702: 3695: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3456:. 7 June 2003 3455: 3451: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3208: 3202: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3136: 3121: 3115: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3049: 3045: 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