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658:) and were given imperial princesses as wives, many of the tombs in the cemetery show the status symbols of noblemen. Tombstones came into use during the Han dynasty. Today, there are over three thousand stone tablets (mostly, tombstones) dating from China's imperial period still standing in the cemetery. According to an official count, among them there are 22 tablets from the
467:
By the 2nd century AD, at least 50 of
Confucius's descendants had been buried alongside him. In 1331 construction work began on the wall and gate of the cemetery. In total, the cemetery has undergone 13 renovations and extensions. Eventually, by the late 18th century, the perimeter wall reached a
689:
The Ming burials are primarily found in the western part of the cemetery, and those from the Qing era, in the eastern part. In the Ming section, particularly notable is a comparatively small area located about 1 km to the northwest of the Tomb of
Confucius, where about a dozen of Dukes of
468:
length of 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi), enclosing an area of 3.6 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi). In this space, the tombs of more than 100,000 descendants of
Confucius, who have been buried there over a period of about 2,000 years, can be found. The oldest graves date back to the
545:(which is just inside the northern gates of the city wall). The main north-central axis of the walled city, Gulou Jie ("Drum Tower Avenue"), becomes Beiguan Jie ("North Gate Avenue") after passing through the north gate of the city wall. The avenue runs north for 1266
690:
Yansheng, from the 55th to the 64th generation, have been buried. The dukes' tomb sites in this area are arranged more or less chronologically in rows from the south to the north, and, within each row, from the east of the west. Each duke has his own
536:
The
Cemetery of Confucius is located north of the historic walled city of Qufu, about two kilometers north of the Temple and Mansion of Confucius (which are in the south-central part of the walled city), and 1.5 km north of the
651:. In addition, it had a brick platform for sacrifices. The present-day tomb is a cone-shaped hill. Tombs for the descendants of Confucius and additional stelae to commemorate him were soon added around Confucius' tomb.
694:, oriented from the south to the north, which typically includes (in the south-to-north order) the following sculptures: three pairs of animals (felines, sometimes winged; rams; horses); a memorial arch; a
495:(高慶裔), "Who is Confucius?" "A great saint from the ancient time." answered Gao. Then Wanyan Zonghan said, "How can we dig up a great saint's tomb!" He then executed the soldiers who wanted to do so.
73:
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Ma, Aiping; Si, Lina; Zhang, Hongfei (2009), "The evolution of cultural tourism: The example of Qufu, the birthplace of
Confucius", in Ryan, Chris; Gu, Huimin (eds.),
949:....during the... Cultural Revolution, the grave of the 76th Duke... was opened by Red Guards, his body stripped naked and hung from a tree in front of the palace.
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under which the duke is buried. A smaller subsidiary area with late Ming – early Qing spirit ways, is located about 500 m northeast of this main area.
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with a stele; two guardian figures (a warrior on the west side of the path, and a civil official on the east side); and a stele in front of the small
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Advisory Body
Evaluation of the Temple of Confucius, the Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu (ICOMOS)
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441:"Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu". The two other components of the site are the
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528:, was removed from its grave and hung naked from a tree in front of the palace during the Cultural Revolution.
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431:. Confucius himself and some of his disciples are buried there, as well as many thousands of his descendants.
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The cemetery occupies 183.33 hectares (1.8333 km) and is surrounded by a perimeter wall 5,591 m long.
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29:
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686:-era) tablets, as well as 180 tablets whose age cannot be determined; this brings the total to 4003.
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1010:(Kong Lin – Burials – Main-line descendants), and the entries about individual graves. See also
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487:'s force. Among them, there were soldiers who wanted to dig up Confucius's tomb.
449:, where his descendants lived. The three sites are collectively known in Qufu as
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643:. The original tomb erected here in memory of Confucius on the bank of the
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More than 10,000 mature trees give the cemetery a forest-like appearance.
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899:, Routledge advances in tourism, Taylor & Francis US, p. 183,
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843:"Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu"
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trees, finally arriving at the main (southern) gates of the cemetery.
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Temple and
Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu
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still standing in the cemetery. There are also 568 tablets from the
74:
Temple and
Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu
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1114:
849:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
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524:(1872-1919), a late Qing official known for his collaboration with
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The cemetery suffered serious damage in
November 1966, during the
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dedicated to the memory of the statesman and philosopher and the
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510:, led by Tan Houlan (谭厚兰). The corpse of the 76th generation
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Since 1994, the
Cemetery of Confucius has been part of the
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55:
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Since Confucius' descendants were conferred noble titles (
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The oldest graves found in this location date back to the
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shandong
245:
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Tourism in China: destination, cultures and communities
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502:, when it was visited and vandalized by a team of
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491:(完顏宗翰/粘沒喝) then asked his translator and advisor
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19:"Kong Lin" redirects here. For the actress, see
775:Lady Yu, wife of Kong Xianpei (72nd generation)
1535:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
1124:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
1023:See e.g. the entry for Kong Shangtan (孔尚坦) in
610:Spirit way of Kong Chengqing (60th generation)
1511:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
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711:Spirit ways of the Ming-era Dukes of Yansheng
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344:Location of Cemetery of Confucius in Shandong
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634:Spirit way of Kong Hongtai (61st generation)
622:Spirit way of Kong Hongxu (61st generation)
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483:, the surrounding region was occupied by
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549:as a wide boulevard decorated with the
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580:Spirit ways and tombs of the Kong clan
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16:UNESCO World Heritage Site in China
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1470:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
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964:第三十二篇文物名胜 – 第一章孔孟古迹 – 第三节林墓 – 孔林
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1083:World Heritage Sites in China
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787:Kong Fanhao (74th generation)
415:'Kong Forest ') is a
373:Cemetery of Confucius (China)
1222:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
930:Hung, Jeni (April 5, 2003).
847:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
475:During the wars between the
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1598:1331 establishments in Asia
1105:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
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1030:December 21, 2013, at the
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969:March 31, 2012, at the
933:"Children of confucius"
1380:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
1277:Chengjiang Fossil Site
1231:Historic Monuments of
874:(Report). ICOMOS. 1994
682:period and 50 modern (
135:35.61861°N 116.98639°E
1351:Three Parallel Rivers
1155:Cemetery of Confucius
389:Cemetery of Confucius
1429:Beijing Central Axis
1243:Gaocheng Observatory
814:, Temple of Mencius
647:had the shape of an
348:Show map of Shandong
1573:Cemeteries in China
1547:Badain Jaran Desert
1543:of China (Phase II)
1316:Leshan Giant Buddha
1159:Kong Family Mansion
919:Asiaweek, Volume 10
500:Cultural Revolution
447:Kong Family Mansion
443:Temple of Confucius
439:World Heritage Site
140:35.61861; 116.98639
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1384:Xumi Fushou Temple
1282:Dazu Rock Carvings
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21:Kong Lin (actress)
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1480:Xinjiang Tianshan
1239:Shaolin Monastery
1001:孔林 – 墓葬 – 第二辑 嫡孙墓
936:. The Spectator.
906:978-0-415-99189-6
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1399:Zhoukoudian
1369:Mount Wutai
1340:Norbulingka
1287:Fanjingshan
1217:Shennongjia
1014:on Commons.
670:, 506 from
518: [
515:Kong Lingyi
493:Gao Xingrui
481:Jurchen Jin
427:in eastern
138: /
126:116°59′11″E
113:Coordinates
103:1994 (18th
100:Inscription
1562:Categories
1537:Yellow Sea
1531:Tusi Sites
1526:Silk Roads
1501:Great Wall
1378:including
1325:Dujiangyan
1312:Mount Emei
1302:Jiuzhaigou
1254:Wulingyuan
1126:Yellow Sea
944:2007-03-04
826:References
798:Temple of
692:spirit way
666:, 45 from
592:Spirit way
504:Red Guards
282:Hung2 lam4
123:35°37′07″N
1578:Confucius
1541:Bohai Sea
1439:Northeast
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1141:Mount Tai
1130:Bohai Sea
1120:Huangshan
567:cypresses
421:Confucius
303:Khóng lîm
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90:Reference
85:i, iv, vi
1233:Dengfeng
1179:Kulangsu
1028:Archived
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479:and the
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247:Khon lin
209:Kǒng lín
81:Criteria
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