710:(2019) published a review of evidence on the mass strandings of beaked whale linked to naval exercises where sonar was used. It concluded that the effects of mid-frequency active sonar are strongest on Cuvier's beaked whales but vary among individuals or populations. The review suggested the strength of response of individual animals may depend on whether they had prior exposure to sonar, and that symptoms of decompression sickness have been found in stranded whales that may be a result of such response to sonar. It noted that no more mass strandings had occurred in the Canary Islands once naval exercises where sonar was used were banned, and recommended that the ban be extended to other areas where mass strandings continue to occur.
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660:. At the time, it was noted as "atypical" both because mass strandings of beaked whales are rare, and also because the stranded whales were spread over such a long stretch of coast, with each individual whale spatially separated from the next stranding. At the time of the incident, there was no connection made with active sonar; A. Frantzis, the marine biologist investigating the incident, made the connection to sonar because he discovered a notice to mariners concerning the test. His report was published in March 1998.
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1404:Álvarez-Fernández, Esteban; Carriol, René-Pierre; Jordá, Jesús F.; Aura, J. Emili; Avezuela, Bárbara; Badal, Ernestina; Carrión, Yolanda; García-Guinea, Javier; Maestro, Adolfo; Morales, Juan V.; Perez, Guillém; Perez-Ripoll, Manuel; Rodrigo, María J.; Scarff, James E.; Villalba, M. Paz; Wood, Rachel (2014). "Occurrence of whale barnacles in Nerja Cave (Málaga, southern Spain): Indirect evidence of whale consumption by humans in the Upper Magdalenian".
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604:. The stranding happened on 24 September 2002, close to the operating area of Neo Tapon, an international naval exercise, about four hours after the activation of mid-frequency sonar. The team of scientists found acute tissue damage from gas-bubble lesions, which are indicative of decompression sickness.
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are an open-ocean species that rarely approach the shore, making them difficult to study in the wild. Prior to the interest raised by the sonar controversy, most of the information about them came from stranded animals. The first to publish research linking beachings with naval activity were
Simmonds
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learned how to operate in shallow waters, particularly in their pursuit of seals. The killer whales regularly demonstrate their competence by chasing seals up shelving gravel beaches, up to the edge of the water. The pursuing whales are occasionally partially thrust out of the sea by a combination of
241:
Multiple strandings in one place are rare, and often attract media coverage as well as rescue efforts. The strong social cohesion of toothed whale pods appears to be a key factor in many cases of multiple stranding: If one gets into trouble, its distress calls may prompt the rest of the pod to follow
2136:
Bernaldo de Quirós, Y.; Fernandez, A.; Baird, R.W.; Brownell, Jr., R.L.; Aguilar de Soto, N.; Allen, D.; Arbelo, M.; Arregui, M.; Costidis, A.; Fahlman, A.; Frantzis, A.; Gulland, F.M.D.; Iñíguez, M.; Johnson, M.; Komnenou, A.; Koopman, H.; Pabst, D.A.; Roe, W.D.; Sierra, E.; Tejedor, M.; Schorr, G.
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If a whale is beached near an inhabited locality, the rotting carcass can pose a nuisance as well as a health risk. Such very large carcasses are difficult to move. The whales are often towed back out to sea away from shipping lanes, allowing them to decompose naturally, or they are towed out to sea
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The low frequency active sonar (LFA sonar) used by the military to detect submarines is the loudest sound ever put into the seas. Yet the U.S. Navy is planning to deploy LFA sonar across 80 percent of the world ocean. At an amplitude of two hundred forty decibels, it is loud enough to kill
480:
In
Argentina, killer whales are known to hunt on the shore by intentionally beaching themselves and then lunging at nearby seals before riding the next wave safely back into deeper waters. This was first observed in the early 1970s, then hundreds times more since within this pod. This behavior seems
1266:
In
November 2018, over 140 whales were witnessed stranded on a remote beach in New Zealand and had to be euthanised because of their declining health condition. In July 2019, nearly 50 long-finned pilot whales were found stranded on Snaefellsnes Peninsula in Iceland. However, they were already dead
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do. Every deep dive is followed by three or four shallow dives. The elaborate dive patterns are assumed to be necessary to control the diffusion of gases in the bloodstream. No data show a beaked whale making an uncontrolled ascent, or failing to do successive shallow dives. This behavior suggests
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Body size does not normally affect the frequency, but both the animals' normal habitat and social organization do appear to influence their chances of coming ashore in large numbers. Odontocetes that normally inhabit deep waters and live in large, tightly knit groups are the most susceptible. This
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Coombs, Ellen J.; Deaville, Rob; Sabin, Richard C.; Allan, Louise; O'Connell, Mick; Berrow, Simon; Smith, Brian; Brownlow, Andrew; Doeschate, Mariel Ten; Penrose, Rod; Williams, Ruth (2019). "What can cetacean stranding records tell us? A study of UK and Irish cetacean diversity over the past 100
211:. Since thousands of cetaceans die every year, many become stranded posthumously. Offshore deaths of multiple whales are unlikely to lead to multiple strandings, since winds and currents are variable and will scatter a group of corpses. Most carcasses never reach the coast, and are
1263:. This is one of only two or three such baleen mass stranding events in the last hundred years. It is highly unusual for baleen whales to strand other than singly, and these Patagonia strandings are tentatively attributed to an unusual cause such as ingestion of poisonous algae.
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The precise mechanism of how sonar causes bubble formation is not known. It could be due to cetaceans panicking and surfacing too rapidly in an attempt to escape the sonar pulses. There is also a theoretical basis by which sonar vibrations can cause supersaturated gas to
448:– predators of dolphins and porpoises – very rarely strand. It might be that killer whales have learned to stay away from shallow waters, and that heading to the shallows offers the smaller animals some protection from predators. However, killer whales in
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era some 14,000 years before the present. Some strandings can be attributed to natural and environmental factors, such as rough weather, weakness due to old age or infection, difficulty giving birth, hunting too close to shore, or navigation errors.
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Nearly 300 pilot whales ran aground on Great
Barrier Island, killing about one-quarter of them. Local residents, who had received rescue lectures after a similar incident the previous year, helped rescue more than 200 whales at high tide.
191:
Strandings can be grouped into several types. The most obvious distinction is between single and multiple strandings. Many theories, some of them controversial, have been proposed to explain beaching, but the question remains unresolved.
1064:. The exact number of deaths or whales involved is unclear, with one newspaper reporting at least 245 confirmed deaths, while another newspaper reported in 1936 that 70 whales escaped during high tide the day after the stranding.
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in the field, which may disturb the whales' ability to navigate, sending them into shallow waters where they get trapped. The study is based on the mass beachings of 29 sperm whales along the coasts of
Germany, the
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leads to beaching. On some occasions cetaceans have stranded shortly after military sonar was active in the area, suggesting a link. Theories describing how sonar may cause whale deaths have also been advanced after
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sonar exercise. The Navy accepted blame agreeing that the dead whales experienced acoustically induced hemorrhages around the ears. The resulting disorientation probably led to the stranding. Ken
Balcomb, a
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in certain surroundings, and geomagnetic disturbances, but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason for the behavior. However, a link between the mass beaching of
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stop vocalizing, either because of fear of predators, or because they don't need vocalization to track each other at shallow depths, where they have light adequate to see each other.
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flow north, whales follow their prey closer towards land. In some cases predators (such as killer whales) have been known to panic other whales, herding them towards the shoreline.
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Their surfacing behavior is highly unusual, because they exert considerable physical effort to surface by a controlled ascent, rather than passively floating to the surface as
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in particular). Data tags have shown that Cuvier's dive considerably deeper than previously thought, and are in fact the deepest-diving species of marine mammal yet known.
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About 650 pilot whales beached themselves at the top of South Island, killing 335 of them. The others were able to swim away at high tide or were refloated by volunteers.
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and blown up with explosives. Government-sanctioned explosions have occurred in South Africa, Iceland, Australia and United States. If the carcass is older, it is buried.
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Every year, up to 2,000 animals beach themselves. Although the majority of strandings result in death, they pose no threat to any species as a whole. Only about ten
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and Lopez-Jurado in 1991. They noted that over the past decade there had been a number of mass strandings of beaked whales in the Canary
Islands, and each time the
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1927:
Jepson, P.D.; Arbelo, M.; Deaville, R.; Patterson, I.A.P.; Castro, P.; Baker, J.R.; et al. (9 October 2003). "Gas-bubble lesions in stranded cetaceans".
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found internal injuries in stranded cetaceans. In contrast, some who strand themselves due to seemingly natural causes are usually healthy prior to beaching:
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to be taught from one generation to the next, evidenced by older individuals nudging juveniles towards the shore, and can sometimes also be a play activity.
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sound so much that the echo is inaudible to the whales. Stirred up sand as well as long-lived microbubbles formed by rain may further exacerbate the effect.
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reported that there had been no further mass strandings in that area, following a 2004 ban by the
Spanish government on military exercises in that region.
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About 240 pilot whales beached themselves at
Walhere Bay on Pitt Island, just 3 days after 240 pilot whales beached themselves at nearby Chatham Island.
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on
September 21, followed by the discovery of 200 dead whales two days later about 10 kilometers south, raising the total to 470. Only 108 were rescued.
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Single live strandings are often the result of individual illness or injury; in the absence of human intervention these almost inevitably end in death.
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About 240 pilot whales beached themselves in the northwest of Chatham Island, just 3 days before 240 whales beached themselves at nearby Pitt Island.
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About 230 pilot whales beached themselves on the west coast of Tasmania, exactly two years to the day of another mass stranding in the same area.
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was conducting exercises. Conversely, there were no mass strandings at other times. They did not propose a theory for the strandings. Fernández
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Solitary species naturally do not strand en masse. Cetaceans that spend most of their time in shallow, coastal waters almost never mass strand.
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into shallow coastal waters. The larger animals may habituate to following faster-moving dolphins. If they encounter an adverse combination of
80:
Several explanations for why cetaceans strand themselves have been proposed, including changes in water temperatures, peculiarities of whales'
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1704:
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3001:
2630:"Apocalypse video: more than 300 whales found dead in Patagonia! Politicians must take Now strict measures to protect more our Oceans!"
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whales and dolphins and has already caused mass strandings and deaths in areas where U.S. and/or NATO forces have conducted exercises.
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667:, has been researching noise's effects on marine mammals since the 1970s. He has led much of the recent research on beaked whales (
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Sometimes following a dolphin can help lead a whale out of danger: In 2008, a local dolphin was followed out to open water by two
1877:
1980:"Can diving-induced tissue nitrogen supersaturation increase the chance of acoustically driven bubble growth in marine mammals?"
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system can have difficulty picking up very gently-sloping coastlines. This theory accounts for mass beaching hot spots such as
2590:
777:, and are as such held in very high respect. Sites of whale strandings and any whale carcasses from strandings are treated as
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with airspaces in the dolphins, tearing tissue around the ears and brain. Apparently not all species are affected by sonar.
376:
using the Earth's magnetic field by detecting differences in the field's strength to find their way. The solar storms cause
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to date. Three hundred and five bodies and 32 skeletons were identified by aerial and satellite photography between the
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their own impetus and retreating water, and have to wait for the next wave to re-float them and carry them back to sea.
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group proposes that repeated reflections between the surface and ocean bottom in gently sloping shallow water may
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where the slope is about half a degree (approximately 8 m deep one km out to sea). The
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enough to sink to the ocean bottom, where the carcass forms the basis of a unique local ecosystem called a
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The carcasses of deceased cetaceans are likely to float to the surface at some point; during this time,
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2618:
Desperate rescue mission to save stranded Tasmanian pod ends with 35 successfully returned to the ocean
1509:. Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society. Busselton, Western Australia. Archived from
262:, depicts stranded sperm whales. Note the incorrectly recorded "nostril" and plausible extruded penis.
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990:
779:
365:
1500:"Sonar termination as a cause of mass cetacean strandings in Geographe Bay, south-western Australia"
464:
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1572:
687:
675:
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2300:"Outbreak of Botulism Type E Associated with Eating a Beached Whale --- Western Alaska, July 2002"
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Whales that die due to stranding can subsequently decay and bloat to the point where they can
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331:
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On the evening of November 2, 2020, over 100 short-finned pilot whales were stranded on the
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3031:
3021:
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2934:
2879:
2542:
2486:
2258:
2046:
1991:
1936:
1784:
Guinet, C. (1991). "Intentional stranding apprenticeship and social play in killer whales (
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8:
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In New Zealand, which is the site of many whale strandings, treaties with the indigenous
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279:
81:
2050:
1995:
1940:
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1417:
144:(Mysticeti). These species share some characteristics which may explain why they beach.
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2115:
2015:
1960:
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1471:
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have beached throughout human history, with evidence of humans salvaging from stranded
176:
118:
66:
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1873:
620:
The overwhelming majority of the cetaceans involved in sonar-associated beachings are
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2894:
2783:
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2168:
2119:
2107:
2064:
2007:
1952:
1662:
1650:
1602:
1439:
1061:
737:
429:
422:
339:
170:
2754:
2019:
1964:
503:
Volunteers attempt to keep body temperatures of beached pilot whales from rising at
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2966:
2961:
2859:
2158:
2150:
2097:
2088:
2054:
1999:
1944:
1824:
1797:
1640:
1632:
1429:
1421:
1295:
970:
961:
749:
645:
577:
473:
377:
165:
74:
372:, could be another cause for whale beachings. The authors hypothesize that whales
3171:
2904:
2378:
2192:
1425:
896:
719:
490:
96:
2710:"Dozens of pilot whales found dead after mass stranding on remote Iceland beach"
767:
from any animal which has died as a result of stranding. Whales are regarded as
760:
628:). Individuals of this species strand frequently, but mass strandings are rare.
2869:
2843:
1334:
1252:
1181:
791:
A beached whale carcass should not be consumed. In 2002, fourteen Alaskans ate
601:
453:
2207:
2139:"Advances in research on the impacts of anti-submarine sonar on beaked whales"
3165:
3074:
3011:
2874:
2537:
2509:
2481:
2453:
2135:
1654:
1443:
1344:
1256:
1248:
504:
335:
251:
200:
137:
2342:"As 200 More Whales Are Stranded In New Zealand, Heroics Turn To Heartbreak"
797:(whale blubber) from a beached whale, resulting in eight of them developing
736:
inspects the carcass of a whale. The bite marks on the whale were made by a
580:. He investigated these beachings and argues that the powerful sonar pulses
3125:
3064:
2684:"More than 140 whales die after mass stranding on remote New Zealand beach"
2315:
2172:
2154:
2068:
2011:
2003:
1956:
1244:
1115:
929:
733:
636:
597:
565:
548:
516:
469:
445:
346:
271:
161:
141:
85:
65:, collapsing under their own weight, or drowning when high tide covers the
20:
2285:
2111:
1828:
133:
species frequently display mass beachings, with ten more rarely doing so.
3104:
2944:
2728:"Largest whale stranding in Sri Lanka draws epic volunteer rescue effort"
1348:
1319:
1316:, a technique which herds small cetaceans towards the shore for slaughter
1185:
1176:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1119:
1110:
1041:
1032:
933:
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891:
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are in a vulnerable state after a deep dive – presumably on the verge of
682:
653:
552:
508:
433:
382:
300:
296:
266:
153:
149:
62:
31:
2329:
More than 200 pilot whales euthanised after stranding on Chatham Islands
2298:
Middaugh, J; Funk, B; Jilly, B; Maslanka, S; McLaughlin J (2003-01-17).
1645:
805:. This is a possibility for any meat taken from an unpreserved carcass.
164:
species. The most common species to strand in the United Kingdom is the
3150:
3084:
3006:
2986:
2787:
1434:
966:
953:
763:
allow the tribal gathering and customary (that is, traditional) use of
723:
561:
521:
418:
373:
369:
259:
221:
1636:
3145:
1275:
1260:
1236:
1218:
1209:
1078:
1069:
1007:
998:
764:
612:, forming bubbles, which are responsible for decompression sickness.
592:
Another means by which sonar could be hurting cetaceans is a form of
581:
350:
312:
216:
2379:"New Zealand whales: Hundreds refloat on high tide at Farewell Spit"
2059:
2034:
1979:
1948:
1801:
1685:(radio transcript). The Word Today. Australian Broadcast Corporation
3130:
2914:
2595:
2188:"Scientists demand military sonar ban to end mass whale strandings"
1343:, New Zealand – A renowned area for pilot whale mass strandings on
1271:
1214:
1102:
1074:
1003:
798:
774:
609:
414:
212:
35:
2780:
The Fragile Edge: Diving and other adventures in the South Pacific
2518:. Vol. XCIV, no. 187. 16 October 1935. p. 7 (DAILY)
2462:. Vol. XCIV, no. 184. 15 October 1935. p. 7 (DAILY)
2297:
2102:
2083:
547:
The large and rapid pressure changes made by loud sonar can cause
311:
linked whale strandings and weather, hypothesizing that when cool
174:) is second-most common, and after that long-finned pilot whales (
2812:
2758:
2755:"Sri Lankan navy, villagers rescue more than 100 stranded whales"
2546:. Vol. CXLIII, no. 20, 277. 21 October 1935. p. 11
1403:
1353:
410:
357:
275:
130:
70:
54:
2490:. Vol. CXLIII, no. 20, 272. 15 October 1935. p. 7
1278:. Four deaths were reported, and all other whales were rescued.
596:. This was first raised by necrological examinations of 14
793:
769:
657:
390:
2228:[Whale pulled out to sea and then back up the beach].
1399:
1397:
1231:
On June 23, 2015, 337 dead whales were discovered in a remote
551:. Evidence emerged after 17 cetaceans were hauled out in
2851:
2653:
Howard, Brian Clark; National Geographic (20 November 2015).
1926:
1844:"U.S. Navy sonar blasts Pacific Northwest killer whales"
1722:– via University of Western Australia, Biophysics Dept.
1240:
1232:
316:
292:
208:
89:
58:
50:
2361:"Hope for end to New Zealand whale strandings after 350 die"
2131:
2129:
615:
409:
Some strandings may be caused by larger cetaceans following
26:
1978:
Houser, D.S.; Howards, R.; Ridgway, S. (21 November 2001).
1394:
848:
This is a list of large cetacean strandings (200 or more).
652:
In May 1996, there was another mass stranding in West
439:
320:
204:
157:
1461:
2652:
2126:
1573:
Bahamas Marine Mammal Stranding Event of 15–16 March 2000
1621:
19:"Beached whale" redirects here. Not to be confused with
386:
2591:"Nearly 500 pilot whales die in New Zealand beachings"
2418:
Update on the tragic pilot whale stranding in Tasmania
2407:
Hope saved pilot whales in Tasmania can reunite at sea
1544:"Northern lights linked to North Sea whale strandings"
2032:
1470:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
2226:"Hvalhræ dregið út á haf og síðan aftur upp í fjöru"
2214:
from the original on 2021-11-18 – via YouTube.
1977:
1285:
783:
sites, that is, they are regarded as sacred ground.
773:(spiritual treasure), descendants of the ocean god,
99:, causing gas and their internal organs to fly out.
1507:
Acoustics 2005, Acoustics in a Changing Environment
396:
364:suggests that large geomagnetic disruptions of the
2352:
1764:
1762:
3163:
3027:Ultra-short baseline acoustic positioning system
1464:"Whale strandings no surprise to climatologists"
587:
2288:, 21 December 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
1493:
1491:
2655:"337 Whales Beached in Largest Stranding Ever"
2033:Fernández, A.; Arbelo, M.; Martín, V. (2013).
1922:
1920:
1759:
1567:
1565:
1563:
405:Mass stranding of dolphins, Nova Scotia (1918)
2828:
1773:. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. p. 24.
1674:
1672:
1578:(Report). Joint Interim Report. December 2001
1498:Chambers, S.; James, R.N. (9 November 2005).
1497:
1462:R. Gales; K. Evans; M. Hindell (2004-11-30).
1457:
1455:
1453:
886:Largest pilot whale stranding ever recorded.
476:, Argentina, by deliberately stranding itself
2752:
2035:"Whales: No mass strandings since sonar ban"
1488:
2396:Stranding of whales at the Falkland Islands
1917:
1696:
1560:
16:Whales or dolphins getting stuck on a beach
3002:Short baseline acoustic positioning system
2835:
2821:
2554:– via National Library of Australia.
2526:– via National Library of Australia.
2498:– via National Library of Australia.
2470:– via National Library of Australia.
1817:"Unique orca hunting-technique documented"
1702:
1678:
1669:
1450:
1386:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2992:Long baseline acoustic positioning system
2585:
2583:
2185:
2162:
2101:
2058:
1644:
1433:
1060:Around 300 pilot whales were stranded at
616:Diving patterns of Cuvier's beaked whales
432:that had become lost behind a sandbar at
425:, the larger species may become trapped.
258:, a 1577 engraving by the Flemish artist
2753:Karunatilake, Waruna (3 November 2020).
2081:
743:
727:
498:
463:
440:Orcas' intentional, temporary strandings
400:
265:
250:
112:
57:strand themselves on land, usually on a
25:
2803:Protect Marine Mammals from Ocean Noise
1897:
1871:
1841:
1541:
3164:
3042:Underwater acoustic positioning system
2920:Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System
2777:
2580:
2510:"The Whales at Stanley will be buried"
2430:"Stranded Whales Driven Back Into Sea"
2084:"Does acoustic testing strand whales?"
1814:
1783:
1596:
534:
2816:
2454:"Beach at Stanley Strewn With Whales"
2358:
2339:
2304:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1768:
1590:
1371:
1337:named after mass strandings of whales
989:About 270 pilot whales were found at
801:, with two of the affected requiring
2246:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1374:Beached Whales: A Personal Encounter
812:
136:All frequently-involved species are
73:stranding has occurred since before
2359:Davey, Melissa (12 February 2017).
2218:
2208:"Exploding Whale - Whale Of A Tale"
952:More than 500 pilot whales died at
808:
748:Memorial to beached whales outside
694:– and require time and perhaps the
299:in southern Spain during the Upper
13:
2842:
2186:Batchelor, Tom (30 January 2019).
2143:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1682:Mass whale beaching mystery solved
1333:– A coastal area on French island
665:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
61:. Beached whales often die due to
14:
3193:
3037:Underwater acoustic communication
2972:Acoustic Doppler current profiler
2807:Natural Resources Defense Council
2796:
2340:Dwyer, Colin (11 February 2017).
1900:"Why do whales beach themselves?"
1734:"Dolphin rescues stranded whales"
1528:
701:
2943:
2442:from the original on 2022-10-13.
1898:Borrell, Brendan (1 June 2009).
1880:from the original on 25 May 2006
1679:van Helden, Anton (2003-11-26).
1601:. London: Salamander Books Ltd.
1288:
1208:
1175:
1142:
1109:
1068:
1031:
997:
960:
923:
890:
816:
542:
356:A 2017 study by scientists from
246:
88:and use of mid-frequency active
3095:Hearing range of marine mammals
2746:
2720:
2702:
2676:
2646:
2622:
2611:
2569:
2558:
2530:
2502:
2474:
2446:
2422:
2411:
2400:
2389:
2371:
2333:
2322:
2291:
2274:
2200:
2179:
2075:
2026:
1971:
1891:
1865:
1835:
1808:
1777:
1726:
1709:The Weekend Australian Magazine
1309:Cetacean strandings in Tasmania
786:
555:in March 2000 following a
344:University of Western Australia
278:, with elegant sightseers", by
242:and beach themselves alongside.
123:Flinders Bay, Western Australia
2977:Acoustic seabed classification
2254:"Explosive end for sick whale"
1984:Journal of Theoretical Biology
1615:
1365:
1325:Marine Mammal Stranding Center
109:List of sperm whale strandings
1:
2782:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1703:Montgomery, B. (1998-05-02).
1359:
588:Injury at a vulnerable moment
568:populations that inhabit the
283:
2234:(in Icelandic). June 5, 2005
1744:. 2008-03-12. Archived from
1542:McGrath, Matt (2017-09-05).
1426:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.01.014
1304:Cetacean strandings in Ghana
152:, oceanic dolphins, usually
7:
2082:Frantzis, A. (1988-03-05).
1872:Balcomb, Ken (2001-02-23).
1842:Balcomb, Ken (2003-05-12).
1790:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1597:Martin, Anthony R. (1991).
1327:– New Jersey, United States
1281:
1255:, near the southern tip of
1243:, the largest stranding of
713:
307:In 2004, scientists at the
270:"The Whale beached between
49:, is a phenomenon in which
10:
3198:
3060:Acoustic survey in fishing
1876:. Ocean Mammal Institute.
1771:Killer Whales of the World
1331:Saint-Clément-des-Baleines
1274:Beach in western coast of
717:
488:
140:(Odontoceti), rather than
106:
102:
18:
3113:
3050:
2997:Ocean acoustic tomography
2952:
2941:
2850:
2282:The science of strandings
1226:
186:
3100:Marine mammals and sonar
2925:Synthetic aperture sonar
2659:National Geographic News
1769:Baird, Robin W. (2002).
1406:Quaternary International
495:Marine mammals and sonar
484:
2982:Acoustical oceanography
2515:The Examiner (Tasmania)
2459:The Examiner (Tasmania)
1372:Blood, Matt D. (2012).
1101:stranded and died near
515:There is evidence that
2900:Scientific echosounder
2778:Whitty, Julia (2007).
2155:10.1098/rspb.2018.2533
2004:10.1006/jtbi.2001.2415
803:mechanical ventilation
752:
741:
692:decompression sickness
669:Cuvier's beaked whales
632:Cuvier's beaked whales
622:Cuvier's beaked whales
594:decompression sickness
570:Strait of Juan de Fuca
540:
512:
477:
406:
397:"Follow-me" strandings
366:Earth's magnetic field
309:University of Tasmania
289:
263:
168:; the common dolphin (
126:
39:
3080:Deep scattering layer
2890:Multibeam echosounder
2885:GLORIA sidescan sonar
2576:Theory on dead whales
2482:"300 Whales Stranded"
1829:10.1038/news.2007.380
1815:Kaplan, Matt (2007).
1625:Marine Mammal Science
1314:Dolphin drive hunting
1259:. They may have been
747:
731:
564:, specializes in the
526:
502:
472:hunting sea lions at
467:
452:, Argentina, and the
404:
368:, brought on through
332:Ocean Beach, Tasmania
269:
254:
230:Individual strandings
196:Natural deaths at sea
116:
29:
3032:Underwater acoustics
3022:Sound velocity probe
3017:Sound speed gradient
2935:Upward looking sonar
2880:Fessenden oscillator
2688:ABC News (Australia)
2665:on November 21, 2015
1742:The Associated Press
1038:Great Barrier Island
830:adding missing items
643:in a 2013 letter to
456:in the Indian Ocean
256:Three Beached Whales
207:may carry them to a
45:, commonly known as
30:A mass stranding of
3141:Hydrographic survey
3090:Fisheries acoustics
3070:Animal echolocation
2865:Baffles (submarine)
2385:. 12 February 2017.
2262:. September 2, 2010
2137:(30 January 2019).
2051:2013Natur.497..317F
1996:2001JThBi.213..183H
1941:2003Natur.425..575J
1904:Scientific American
1599:Whales and Dolphins
1418:2014QuInt.337..163A
1099:false killer whales
626:Ziphius cavirostrus
280:Esaias van de Velde
238:Multiple strandings
119:false killer whales
3136:Geophysical MASINT
3121:Acoustic signature
2690:. 26 November 2018
2599:. October 10, 2022
2565:A Whale of a Query
2149:(1895): 20182533.
828:; you can help by
753:
742:
674:At shallow depths
557:United States Navy
513:
478:
430:pygmy sperm whales
407:
362:University of Kiel
290:
264:
177:Globicephala melas
127:
43:Cetacean stranding
40:
3159:
3158:
2930:Towed array sonar
2910:Sonar beamforming
2895:Passive acoustics
2734:. 3 November 2020
2435:Los Angeles Times
2210:. 29 April 2011.
1935:(6958): 575–576.
1848:San Juan Islander
1705:"The fatal shore"
1637:10.1111/mms.12610
1516:on 4 October 2006
1224:
1223:
1062:Stanley, Tasmania
846:
845:
738:great white shark
423:seabed topography
340:Western Australia
171:Delphinus delphis
3189:
3052:Acoustic ecology
2967:Acoustic release
2962:Acoustic network
2947:
2860:Active acoustics
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2791:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
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2724:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2661:. Archived from
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2626:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2587:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2538:"Burying Whales"
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
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2450:
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2443:
2426:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2404:
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2386:
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2369:
2368:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2295:
2289:
2284:', Te Rūnanga o
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2105:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2030:
2024:
2023:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1850:. Archived from
1839:
1833:
1832:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1796:(1): 2712–2716.
1781:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1711:. Archived from
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1648:
1631:(4): 1527–1555.
1619:
1613:
1612:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1515:
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1483:
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1476:
1459:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1298:
1296:Cetaceans portal
1293:
1292:
1291:
1213:
1212:
1180:
1179:
1147:
1146:
1114:
1113:
1073:
1072:
1036:
1035:
1002:
1001:
971:Falkland Islands
965:
964:
928:
927:
895:
894:
851:
850:
841:
838:
820:
819:
813:
809:Large strandings
750:Florence, Oregon
663:Peter Tyack, of
600:stranded in the
578:Vancouver Island
538:
474:Valdes Peninsula
450:Península Valdés
288:
285:
166:harbour porpoise
92:has been found.
75:recorded history
34:on the shore of
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3109:
3046:
2954:Ocean acoustics
2948:
2939:
2905:Side-scan sonar
2846:
2841:
2799:
2794:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2716:. 20 July 2019.
2708:
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2394:
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2353:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2323:
2296:
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2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2193:The Independent
2184:
2180:
2134:
2127:
2080:
2076:
2060:10.1038/497317d
2031:
2027:
1976:
1972:
1949:10.1038/425575a
1925:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1866:
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1836:
1813:
1809:
1802:10.1139/z91-383
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1697:
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1552:
1550:
1540:
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1513:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1478:
1475:(TV transcript)
1474:
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1451:
1402:
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1362:
1294:
1289:
1287:
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1229:
1207:
1174:
1141:
1108:
1067:
1030:
996:
991:Macquarie Heads
959:
922:
897:Chatham Islands
889:
842:
836:
833:
817:
811:
789:
726:
720:Exploding whale
716:
706:De Quirós
704:
696:shallower dives
618:
590:
545:
539:
533:
497:
491:Noise pollution
487:
442:
436:, New Zealand.
399:
315:waters rich in
286:
249:
189:
111:
105:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3156:
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3123:
3117:
3115:
3114:Related topics
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2917:
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2907:
2902:
2897:
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2882:
2877:
2872:
2870:Bistatic sonar
2867:
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2848:
2847:
2844:Hydroacoustics
2840:
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2798:
2797:External links
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2438:. 1985-08-08.
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1990:(2): 183–195.
1970:
1916:
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1864:
1854:on 23 May 2006
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1300:
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1283:
1280:
1267:when spotted.
1253:Puerto Natales
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702:Summary review
700:
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602:Canary Islands
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454:Crozet Islands
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3075:Beached whale
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2266:September 22,
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2103:10.1038/32068
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2045:(7449): 317.
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1748:on 2008-03-13
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1715:on 2006-10-04
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1608:0-8160-3922-4
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543:Direct injury
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3177:Animal death
3126:Bioacoustics
3065:Acoustic tag
2779:
2762:. Retrieved
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2731:
2722:
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2704:
2694:22 September
2692:. Retrieved
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2365:The Guardian
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1893:
1882:. Retrieved
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1786:Orcinus orca
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930:South Island
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837:October 2022
834:
792:
790:
787:Health risks
778:
768:
761:Māori people
758:
754:
707:
705:
698:to recover.
683:sperm whales
680:
673:
662:
651:
644:
640:
637:Spanish Navy
630:
625:
619:
606:
591:
566:killer whale
549:hemorrhaging
546:
537:, p. 50
527:
517:active sonar
514:
479:
470:killer whale
457:
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408:
370:solar storms
355:
347:Bioacoustics
328:echolocation
325:
306:
297:sperm whales
291:
272:Scheveningen
255:
220:
190:
182:
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169:
162:beaked whale
160:, and a few
146:
135:
128:
94:
82:echolocation
79:
46:
42:
41:
32:pilot whales
21:Beaked whale
2603:October 10,
2543:The Mercury
2487:The Mercury
1468:7:30 report
1435:10550/36217
1412:: 163–169.
1349:Cook Strait
1320:Drift whale
1239:, southern
1186:New Zealand
1153:New Zealand
1149:Pitt Island
1120:New Zealand
1042:New Zealand
934:New Zealand
901:New Zealand
734:beachcomber
654:Peloponnese
553:the Bahamas
535:Whitty 2007
509:New Zealand
434:Mahia Beach
383:Netherlands
301:Magdalenian
287: 1617
150:sperm whale
63:dehydration
3166:Categories
3151:Soundscape
3105:Whale song
3085:Fishfinder
3007:Sofar bomb
2987:Hydrophone
2788:B002V1GZN2
2764:3 November
2738:3 November
2732:News First
2669:2015-11-21
2639:2021-10-11
1884:2006-04-30
1858:2006-04-30
1752:2008-03-15
1719:2006-12-03
1689:2006-12-01
1553:2017-09-05
1520:2 December
1481:2006-12-02
1360:References
1341:Golden Bay
1261:sei whales
967:Teal Inlet
954:Teal Inlet
826:incomplete
724:Whale fall
718:See also:
574:Washington
562:cetologist
522:necropsies
489:See also:
419:tidal flow
260:Jan Wierix
222:whale fall
107:See also:
3182:Cetaceans
3146:Noise map
2286:Ngāi Tahu
2120:205001662
1663:198236986
1655:0824-0469
1444:1040-6182
1382:cite book
1376:. Sydney.
1335:Île de Ré
1276:Sri Lanka
1237:Patagonia
1219:Australia
1079:Australia
1008:Australia
869:Location
866:Incident
860:Survived
765:whalebone
686:that the
582:resonated
415:porpoises
393:in 2016.
378:anomalies
351:attenuate
313:Antarctic
217:decompose
213:scavenged
209:coastline
3131:Biophony
2915:Sonobuoy
2714:ABC News
2634:Arctic05
2596:BNO News
2440:Archived
2383:BBC News
2316:12608715
2259:ABC News
2238:July 17,
2212:Archived
2173:30963955
2069:23676745
2020:19130432
2012:11894990
1965:26717950
1957:14534575
1878:Archived
1874:"Letter"
1823:. News.
1623:years".
1582:13 March
1548:BBC News
1282:See also
1272:Panadura
1215:Tasmania
1103:Pukekohe
1075:Tasmania
1004:Tasmania
799:botulism
775:Tangaroa
714:Disposal
688:Cuvier's
676:Cuvier's
610:nucleate
572:between
532:—
444:Pods of
411:dolphins
374:navigate
201:currents
131:cetacean
117:Beached
71:Cetacean
67:blowhole
55:dolphins
47:beaching
36:Cape Cod
2759:Reuters
2164:6364578
2112:9510243
2047:Bibcode
1992:Bibcode
1937:Bibcode
1414:Bibcode
1354:Whaling
857:Deaths
358:Germany
276:Katwijk
103:Species
97:explode
3172:Whales
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2231:mbl.is
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1821:Nature
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1227:Others
877:1,000
874:1,000
854:Total
794:muktuk
770:taonga
708:et al.
658:Greece
646:Nature
641:et al.
391:France
385:, the
326:Their
293:Whales
187:Causes
125:, 1986
51:whales
38:, 1902
2852:Sonar
2116:S2CID
2016:S2CID
1961:S2CID
1659:S2CID
1576:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1503:(PDF)
1241:Chile
1233:fjord
1201:2022
1168:2022
1135:2022
1094:1978
1057:1935
1023:1985
1020:±225
1014:±300
986:2020
949:1897
943:500+
940:500+
916:2017
883:1918
863:Date
485:Sonar
317:squid
215:, or
205:winds
158:Orcas
154:pilot
90:sonar
59:beach
2784:ASIN
2766:2020
2740:2020
2696:2020
2605:2022
2552:2020
2524:2020
2496:2020
2468:2020
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