324:
417:). L'Olive established himself west of Pointe Allègre on the banks of what became the Vieux-Fort river, so called because Fort Saint-Pierre was built there. Du Plessis made his base east of Pointe Allègre and built a small fort on the river that became called Petit-Fort river. No traces of these forts remain, but an old map shows their position. The governors went to Saint Christophe to confer with d’Esnambuc. D'Enambuc saw the Guadeloupe venture as a threat to his authority, and took 150 picked colonists from Saint Christophe to Martinique, which he reached on 1 September 1635. He built the crude 3-gun
152:
315:. They returned to Saint-Christophe in 1630. L'Olive was appointed lieutenant governor to Esnambuc on Saint Christophe in 1631. He sent his capable young assistant Guillaume d'Orange to visit the nearby islands of Guadeloupe, Dominica and Martinique and determine their potential as colonies. D'Orange thought Guadeloupe had the greatest promise. Spanish attempts to colonize the Guadeloupe archipelago in the first half of the 16th century had failed, and since then European sailors had only used it as a resting place.
406:
425:
fish and local produce. The French did not trust the Caribs, who stopped visiting after a skirmish. The settlers suffered from a famine in which many died. In desperation, the French decided to attack the Caribs, kill the men and take their women and possessions. L'Olive let them take over the gardens of the Caribs and steal their food. Cardinal
Richelieu had given L'Olive the mission of converting the Caribs to Catholicism, which caused further problems.
457:, named governor in place of Aubert, reached Fort Royal on 5 September 1643. He found everything in poor repair, and the gardens wrecked by a hurricane. The Rue du Marché in the former Paris municipality of La Chapelle was renamed Rue L'Olive in honor of the former governor by a decree of 10 February 1875. In October 2011 the Paris council decided to eliminate the reference to colonialism, and renamed the road to Rue de L'Olive.
257:
243:
229:
215:
187:
173:
201:
159:
397:. The expedition sailed in two ships. One, with 400 men, carried l’Olive, Duplessis and two of the Dominicans, and the other carried 150 men and the other two Dominicans. They reached Martinique on 25 June 1635, which they claimed for the king, then moved on because they found the island mountainous, cut by precipices and gullies and infested with poisonous snakes.
299:
and other neighboring islands at the entrance to Peru that were not possessed by any king or
Christian prince. They engaged over 500 men to work on the islands for three years, sailed in three ships in February 1627, and after a difficult crossing landed in Saint-Christophe almost three months later.
424:
The expedition was underfunded and badly organized. Father
Jacques du Tetre records that they failed to stop in Barbados, where they could have bought food, and had only enough to eat for two months when they reached Guadeloupe. At first the Caribs were friendly, traded with the French and gave them
347:
Under the contract the
Company would provide arms, ammunition and the protection of the government. L'Olive and Du Plessis would have settled at least 800 men after ten years, not counting women and children. They would pay a petun (tobacco) fee, and at the end of the contract the settlements, forts
343:
in Dieppe, who agreed to join the project. Du
Plessis was related to Cardinal Richelieu, which may have been a factor in his being invited as a partner. Duplessis also owned a sturdy ship. The partners went on to Paris to negotiate with the Company. They signed a treaty with the company in February
428:
Some of the settlers left the colony and joined the Caribs, who treated them well. They learned to speak the
Kalinago language, intermarried with the local people, and adopted local ways of building and cooking. Jean du Plessis seems to have been gentle, humane and prudent, and broke with the more
351:
The two founders could not pay all the expenses, so brought in the merchants of Dieppe in exchange for a share of the profits over six years. The Dieppe shipowners Faucon and
Delamare assisted the expedition. They had to supply them with 2,500 men. The partners remained subordinate to d'Esnambuc,
452:
Du Tetre relates that for his sins L'Olive was stricken by blindness and insanity. On 25 November 1640 Jean Aubert was named governor in place of L'Olive. Aubert did not spend any time in
Guadeloupe, although he had a fine two-story wooden house built near the Sens River. L'Olive died in 1643.
444:
of
February 1638. He wrote, "The Sieur d'Olive did everything to gain the affection of the savages in this island ... he gave them crystals, mirrors, combs, whistles, needles and pins and other bagatelles. Between 1635 and 1641 L'Olive massacred the Caribs in
294:
were removed. They returned to France and in 1626 with the support of
Cardinal Richelieu founded the "Association des Seigneurs de la Compagnie des Isles de l’Amérique". The private venture had the mandate to settle Saint Christophe,
348:
and dwellings would all become property of the company. The contract, signed on 14 February 1635, commissioned l'Olive and Du Plessis to "command together on the island they would inhabit."
371:). Those who paid for their voyage would be given concessions to grow tobacco or sugar in the island, which they would work using slaves from Africa and hired hands from France. The
303:
The first French settlers suffered from famine and fought with the Caribs and the English, who also had a settlement on the island. In November 1629 the Spanish admiral
895:
429:
brutal Charles de l'Olive. He took refuge with the Caribs, with whom he was friendly. Du Plessis embarked for France with Jean François du Buc late in 1635 after the
382:
33:
449:. On 2 December 1837 L'Olive was named captain general by the company, under the authority of the king's lieutenant general of the islands of America.
394:
323:
379:(36 months) after the term they had to serve. They would be treated, beaten and sold as slaves. However, some of them would later obtain concessions.
151:
1189:
859:
413:
The ships made a very fast passage to Guadeloupe, where they disembarked on 28 or 29 June 1635. The landing point was near Pointe-Allègre (
304:
1043:
367:
missionaries. There were 40 Norman families of peasant origin, 30 prostitutes from the port of Dieppe or Paris, and 400 hired laborers (
1065:
436:
The remaining colonists suffered from Carib reprisals and from yellow fever. They moved to the south of the island beside the present
845:
Ville de Paris: recueil des lettres patentes, ordonnances royales, décrets et arrêtés préfectoraux concernant les voies publiques
969:
CHINON § Mariage de Charles LIENARD, écuyer sieur de L'OLIVE, gouverneur pour le Roi des Iles des Indes Occidentales, fils de...
360:
in 1635. His wife was a daughter of Jean Philibert, former advisor to the king at the royal seat of Chinon, and Marie Poulain.
336:
270:
1137:
1111:
879:
903:
947:"Arrivée des Premiers Habitants à la Guadeloupe en juin 1635 : les écrits des chroniqueurs et les réalités insulaires"
1086:
Origines transatlantiques: Belain d'Esnambuc et les Normands aux Antilles, d'après des documents nouvellement retrouvés
1011:
967:
454:
340:
68:
430:
279:
Charles Lienard, squire and sieur de L'Olive, was the son of Pierre Lienart and Françoise Bonnart of Chinon.
843:
440:. Theophraste Renaudot brushed over the early problems with the French colonization of Guadeloupe in his
283:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
335:
L'Olive and d'Orange sailed to France in late 1634. Their purpose was to obtain permission from the
418:
390:
356:
named governor general of the French Antilles on 7 March 1635. L'Olive married Marie Philibert in
612:
414:
375:
could not pay for their trip, but were on contract to work for three years. They were nicknamed
437:
1127:
1101:
1027:
871:
Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire: State, Church, and Society, 1604-1830
1179:
1153:
1084:
1051:
1001:
984:
869:
1184:
946:
826:
353:
290:) in 1625, and were struck by the potential of the island as a colony once the indigenous
8:
344:
1635 in which they engaged to take 200 men to settle Dominica, Martinique or Guadeloupe.
781:
779:
896:"Jean VI François du Buc du Pacquerel, baron de Bretagnolles, Gouverneur de la Grenade"
446:
328:
307:
drove the French from the island. They left on two ships and attempted colonization of
825:
627:
1133:
1107:
1007:
875:
853:
776:
1129:
Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien Régime
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
926:
545:
364:
919:"Le destin d'une habitation-sucrerie de l'île de la Basse-Terre en Guadeloupe"
1173:
803:
471:
469:
405:
291:
433:
had been ruined. He died on 4 December 1635, apparently on the return boat.
918:
791:
581:
579:
577:
575:
466:
327:
1759 map. Fort St. Peter (Saint-Pierre) is shown on the northern point of
287:
363:
The settlers left Dieppe on 25 May 1635 with 554 people, including four
1151:
785:
572:
312:
137:
1042:
566:
931:
296:
136:– 1643) was a French colonial leader who was the first governor of
389:
from 1658 to 1660, was a leading member of the expedition, as was
1064:
842:
Alphand, Adolphe; Deville, Adrienfirst3=Émile; Hochereau (1886),
809:
386:
308:
1003:
The Libertine Colony: Creolization in the Early French Caribbean
966:
828:
28 juin 1635 : la Guadeloupe devient une colonie française
628:
28 juin 1635 : la Guadeloupe devient une colonie française
475:
357:
1103:
Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
893:
766:
764:
585:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
490:
488:
486:
484:
761:
712:
710:
697:
695:
657:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
591:
481:
286:
and Urbain Du Roissey reached Saint Christopher Island (
1050:(in French), Planetcaraibes Association, archived from
841:
797:
739:
737:
722:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
707:
692:
533:
500:
669:
894:
Buc de Mannetot, Y.B. du; Renard-Marlet, F. (2013),
749:
734:
645:
633:
512:
848:, Paris: Imprimerie nouvelle (association ouvrière)
421:in two weeks before returning to Saint Christophe.
1155:Bulletin de la Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe
986:Histoire politique et commerciale des Antilles ...
1171:
831:(in French), La France pittoresque, 26 May 2017
1152:Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe (2004),
858:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
400:
1025:
916:
770:
567:La Colonisation Française / Planetantilles
539:
395:Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon
982:
944:
930:
663:
606:
506:
494:
1029:Annuaire de la Guadeloupe et dépendances
999:
786:Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe 2004
716:
701:
586:Buc de Mannetot & Renard-Marlet 2013
404:
322:
318:
1190:French colonial governors of Guadeloupe
868:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander (2018-06-06),
1172:
1125:
1099:
1082:
867:
755:
743:
728:
686:
651:
639:
527:
256:
1158:(in French), Archives départementales
1126:McCabe, Ina Baghdiantz (2008-06-01),
798:Alphand, Deville & Hochereau 1886
954:Généalogie et Histoire de la Caraïbe
1066:"La rue l'Olive et le colonialisme"
476:CHINON § Mariage de Charles LIENARD
409:Sugar cane plantation on Guadeloupe
13:
331:, and Old Fort on the south point.
242:
228:
214:
14:
1201:
810:La rue l'Olive et le colonialisme
127:Charles Liénard, sieur de L'Olive
23:Charles Liénard, sieur de L'Olive
1000:Garraway, Doris L (2005-06-17),
989:(in French), vol. 1, France
255:
241:
227:
213:
199:
186:
185:
172:
171:
157:
150:
972:(in French), Archives de France
945:Chalumeau, Fortuné (May 2008),
339:to settle Guadeloupe. They met
200:
158:
923:Les Nouvelles de l'Archéologie
337:Compagnie des îsles d'Amérique
274:Islands in the Lesser Antilles
1:
431:Compagnie de Saint-Christophe
130:
87:
1072:(in French), 17 October 2011
917:Casagrande, Fabrice (2018),
341:Jean du Plessis d'Ossonville
46:28 June 1635 – 1640
7:
1044:"La Colonisation Française"
902:(in French), archived from
385:, who would be Governor of
10:
1206:
983:Dessalles, Adrien (1847),
925:(in French) (150): 36–39,
818:
455:Charles Houël du Petit Pré
69:Charles Houël du Petit Pré
1006:, Duke University Press,
120:
112:
104:
96:
83:
78:
74:
60:
50:
39:
32:
28:
21:
460:
401:Settlement of Guadeloupe
284:Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc
1083:Margry, Pierre (1863),
282:The French adventurers
143:
1100:Marley, David (2005),
410:
332:
34:Governor of Guadeloupe
16:French colonial leader
1089:(in French), A. Faure
408:
326:
319:Guadeloupe expedition
383:Jean François du Buc
354:Louis XIII of France
271:class=notpageimage|
1026:Guadeloupe (1875),
800:, pp. 404–405.
900:La Saga des Du Buc
447:Basse-Terre Island
411:
391:Constant d'Aubigné
333:
329:Basse-Terre Island
305:Fadrique de Toledo
1139:978-1-84788-463-3
1113:978-1-57607-027-7
956:(in French) (214)
881:978-0-7735-5376-7
731:, pp. 62–63.
419:Fort Saint-Pierre
124:
123:
116:Soldier, colonist
1197:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1022:
1021:
1020:
996:
995:
994:
979:
978:
977:
963:
962:
961:
951:
941:
940:
939:
934:
932:10.4000/nda.3870
913:
912:
911:
890:
889:
888:
863:
857:
849:
838:
837:
836:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
774:
768:
759:
753:
747:
741:
732:
726:
720:
714:
705:
699:
690:
684:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
610:
604:
589:
583:
570:
564:
543:
537:
531:
525:
510:
504:
498:
492:
479:
473:
259:
258:
245:
244:
231:
230:
217:
216:
203:
202:
189:
188:
175:
174:
161:
160:
154:
135:
132:
92:
89:
79:Personal details
63:
53:
44:
19:
18:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1092:
1090:
1075:
1073:
1057:
1055:
1035:
1033:
1018:
1016:
1014:
992:
990:
975:
973:
959:
957:
949:
937:
935:
909:
907:
886:
884:
882:
851:
850:
834:
832:
821:
816:
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
777:
771:Guadeloupe 1875
769:
762:
754:
750:
742:
735:
727:
723:
715:
708:
700:
693:
685:
670:
666:, p. 5538.
662:
658:
650:
646:
638:
634:
626:
613:
609:, p. 5537.
605:
592:
584:
573:
565:
546:
540:Casagrande 2018
538:
534:
526:
513:
505:
501:
497:, p. 5536.
493:
482:
474:
467:
463:
403:
377:trente-six mois
321:
277:
276:
275:
273:
267:
266:
265:
264:
260:
252:
251:
250:
246:
238:
237:
236:
232:
224:
223:
222:
218:
210:
209:
208:
204:
196:
195:
194:
190:
182:
181:
180:
176:
168:
167:
166:
162:
146:
133:
90:
67:
61:
51:
45:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1149:
1138:
1123:
1112:
1097:
1080:
1062:
1048:Planetantilles
1040:
1023:
1012:
997:
980:
964:
942:
914:
891:
880:
865:
839:
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:
802:
790:
775:
773:, p. 246.
760:
748:
733:
721:
706:
691:
689:, p. 155.
668:
664:Chalumeau 2008
656:
644:
632:
611:
607:Chalumeau 2008
590:
571:
544:
532:
530:, p. 164.
511:
507:Dessalles 1847
499:
495:Chalumeau 2008
480:
464:
462:
459:
402:
399:
320:
317:
269:
268:
263:St. Christophe
262:
261:
254:
253:
248:
247:
240:
239:
234:
233:
226:
225:
220:
219:
212:
211:
206:
205:
198:
197:
192:
191:
184:
183:
178:
177:
170:
169:
164:
163:
156:
155:
149:
148:
147:
145:
142:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
64:
58:
57:
54:
48:
47:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1202:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1054:on 2018-09-30
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1013:0-8223-8651-8
1009:
1005:
1004:
998:
988:
987:
981:
971:
970:
965:
955:
948:
943:
933:
928:
924:
920:
915:
906:on 2018-09-30
905:
901:
897:
892:
883:
877:
873:
872:
866:
861:
855:
847:
846:
840:
830:
829:
824:
823:
811:
806:
799:
794:
788:, p. 21.
787:
782:
780:
772:
767:
765:
758:, p. 62.
757:
752:
746:, p. 29.
745:
740:
738:
730:
725:
719:, p. 55.
718:
717:Garraway 2005
713:
711:
704:, p. 53.
703:
702:Garraway 2005
698:
696:
688:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
665:
660:
654:, p. 53.
653:
648:
642:, p. 68.
641:
636:
629:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
608:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
587:
582:
580:
578:
576:
568:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
541:
536:
529:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
509:, p. 66.
508:
503:
496:
491:
489:
487:
485:
477:
472:
470:
465:
458:
456:
450:
448:
443:
439:
434:
432:
426:
422:
420:
416:
407:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
349:
345:
342:
338:
330:
325:
316:
314:
310:
306:
301:
298:
293:
292:Island Caribs
289:
285:
280:
272:
153:
141:
139:
128:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
86:
82:
77:
73:
70:
65:
59:
55:
49:
43:
38:
35:
31:
27:
20:
1180:1600s births
1160:, retrieved
1154:
1143:, retrieved
1128:
1117:, retrieved
1106:, ABC-CLIO,
1102:
1091:, retrieved
1085:
1074:, retrieved
1069:
1056:, retrieved
1052:the original
1047:
1034:, retrieved
1028:
1017:, retrieved
1002:
991:, retrieved
985:
974:, retrieved
968:
958:, retrieved
953:
936:, retrieved
922:
908:, retrieved
904:the original
899:
885:, retrieved
870:
844:
833:, retrieved
827:
805:
793:
751:
724:
659:
647:
635:
542:, p. 3.
535:
502:
451:
441:
435:
427:
423:
412:
393:, father of
381:
376:
372:
368:
362:
350:
346:
334:
302:
281:
278:
126:
125:
62:Succeeded by
41:
1185:1643 deaths
1070:Le Parisien
1032:(in French)
756:Bailey 2018
744:Bailey 2018
729:Bailey 2018
687:McCabe 2008
652:Margry 1863
640:Margry 1863
528:Marley 2005
415:Sainte-Rose
288:Saint Kitts
134: 1601
105:Nationality
91: 1601
66:Jean Aubert
52:Preceded by
1174:Categories
1162:2018-10-10
1145:2018-10-10
1119:2018-10-10
1093:2018-10-10
1076:2018-10-10
1058:2018-09-30
1036:2018-10-10
1019:2018-10-10
993:2018-09-30
976:2018-10-10
960:2018-10-04
938:2018-09-30
910:2018-09-30
887:2018-10-10
835:2018-09-30
438:Vieux-Fort
352:whom King
313:Montserrat
249:Montserrat
235:Martinique
221:Guadeloupe
138:Guadeloupe
113:Occupation
365:Dominican
42:In office
1132:, Berg,
874:, MQUP,
854:citation
297:Barbados
193:Dominica
179:Barbados
819:Sources
442:Gazette
387:Grenada
373:alloués
369:alloués
309:Antigua
207:Grenada
165:Antigua
1136:
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1010:
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358:Chinon
108:French
950:(PDF)
461:Notes
1134:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1008:ISBN
876:ISBN
860:link
311:and
144:Life
100:1643
97:Died
84:Born
56:none
927:doi
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1046:,
952:,
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