Charles Stewart Parnell

2018:, says historians emphasise numerous major achievements: Above all there is the emphasis on constitutional action, as historians point to the Land Act of 1881; the creation of the powerful third force in Parliament using a highly disciplined party that he controlled; the inclusion of Ireland in the Reform Act of 1884, while preventing any reduction in the number of Irish seats; the powerful role of the Irish National League and organising locally, especially County conventions that taught peasants about democratic self-government; forcing Home Rule to be a central issue in British politics; and persuading the great majority of the Liberal party to adopt his cause. Lyons agrees that these were remarkable achievements, but emphasises that Parnell did not accomplish them alone, but only in close coordination with men such as Gladstone and Davitt. 1802: 1199: 1077: 1576: 1698:

called for 1 December. Parnell issued a manifesto on 29 November, saying a section of the party had lost its independence; he falsified Gladstone's terms for Home Rule and said they were inadequate. A total of 73 members were present for the fateful meeting in committee room 15 at Westminster. Leaders tried desperately to achieve a compromise in which Parnell would temporarily withdraw. Parnell refused. He vehemently insisted that the independence of the Irish party could not be compromised either by Gladstone or by the Catholic hierarchy. As chairman, he blocked any motion to remove him.

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assured the Irish Party that there was no need to fear the verdict because he would be exonerated. During January 1890, resolutions of confidence in his leadership were passed throughout the country. Parnell did not contest the divorce action at a hearing on 15 November, to ensure that it would be granted and he could marry Mrs O'Shea, so Captain O'Shea's allegations went unchallenged. A divorce decree was granted on 17 November 1890, but Parnell's two surviving children were placed in O'Shea's custody.

1985: 823:, led to the moderate Butt's ousting from its presidency (even though he had founded the organisation) and the election of Parnell in his place, on 28 August 1877. Parnell was a restrained speaker in the House of Commons, but his organisational, analytical and tactical skills earned wide praise, enabling him to take on the presidency of the British organisation. Butt died in 1879, and was replaced as chairman of the Home Rule League by the 1146: 872:" deal of separating militancy from the constitutional movement as a path to all-Ireland self-government, under certain conditions: abandonment of a federal solution in favour of separatist self-government, vigorous agitation in the land question on the basis of peasant proprietorship, exclusion of all sectarian issues, collective voting by party members and energetic resistance to coercive legislation. 1373:(delayed because boundaries were being redrawn and new registers prepared after the Third Reform Act) brought about a hung Parliament in which the Liberals with 335 seats won 86 more than the Conservatives, with a Parnellite bloc of 86 Irish Home Rule MPs holding the balance of power in the Commons. Parnell's task was now to win acceptance of the principle of a Dublin parliament. 807:(i.e., the use of technical procedures to disrupt the House of Commons ability to function) to force the House to pay more attention to Irish issues, which had previously been ignored. Obstruction involved giving lengthy speeches which were largely irrelevant to the topic at hand. This behaviour was opposed by the less aggressive chairman (leader) of the Home Rule League, 1976:, Parnell's right-hand man, who shared many of his opinions, wrote of his own views, "I confess that I felt , and still feel, a greater leaning towards the British Tory party than I ever could have towards the so-called Liberals". In later years, the double effect of the Phoenix Park trauma and the O'Shea affair reinforced the conservative side of his nature. 892:

Fenian movement and its armed strategies. Working together with Davitt (who was impressed by Parnell) he now took on the role of leader of the New Departure, holding platform meeting after platform meeting around the country. Throughout the autumn of 1879, he repeated the message to tenants, after the long depression had left them without income for rent:

1883:, which originated when the mourners at his funeral in 1891, taking their cue from a wreath of ivy sent by a Cork woman "as the best offering she could afford", took ivy leaves from the walls and stuck them in their lapels. Ever after, the ivy leaf became the Parnellite emblem, worn by his followers when they gathered to honour their lost leader. 1317:, often leading to disagreements in policy that meant that MPs split in votes. Under Parnell, the number of Protestant and landlord MPs dwindled, as did the number of Conservatives seeking election. The parliamentary party became much more Catholic and middle class, with a large number of journalists and lawyers elected and the disappearance of 2420:, p. 25, describing HCE, refers to Parnell's support for tenants and later divorce scandal: "If you were bowed and soild and letdown itself from the oner of the load it was that paddyplanters might pack up plenty and when you were undone in every point fore the laps of goddesses you showed our labourlasses how to free was easy." See also 957:.) He strove to retain Fenian support but insisted when asked by a reporter that he personally could not join a secret society. Central to his whole approach to politics was ambiguity in that he allowed his hearers to remain uncertain. During his tour, he seemed to be saying that there were virtually no limits. To abolish 1567:

in his career, yet Parnell had at all times remained calm, relaxed and unperturbed which greatly impressed his political friends. But while he was vindicated in triumph, links between the Home Rule movement and militancy had been established. This he could have survived politically were it not for the crisis to follow.

1714:, later led by John Dillon and supported by the Catholic Church. The bitterness of the split tore Ireland apart and resonated well into the next century. Parnell soon died, and his faction dissipated. The majority faction henceforth played only a minor role in British or Irish politics until the next time the UK had a 1277:(IPP). A central aspect of Parnell's reforms was a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats. In 1884, he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged party MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party 1742:"hillside men" to his side. This ambiguity shocked former adherents, who clashed physically with his supporters; his candidate lost by almost two to one. Deposed as leader, he fought a long and fierce campaign for reinstatement. He conducted a political tour of Ireland to re-establish popular support. In a 1281:

and formal party structure was unique in party politics at the time. The Irish Parliamentary Party is generally seen as the first modern British political party, its efficient structure and control contrasting with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties, which came

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MP, that, provided the government settled the "rent arrears" question allowing 100,000 tenants to appeal for fair rent before the land courts, then withdrawing the manifesto and undertaking to move against agrarian crime, after he realised militancy would never win Home Rule. Parnell also promised to

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He fulfilled his loyalty to Katharine when they married on 25 June 1891, after Parnell had unsuccessfully sought a church wedding. On the same day, the Irish Catholic hierarchy, worried by the number of priests who had supported him in North Sligo, signed and published a near-unanimous condemnation:

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responsible fled to the United States, which allowed him to break links with radical Land Leaguers. In the end, it resulted in a Parnell – Gladstone alliance working closely together. Davitt and other prominent members left the IRB, and many rank-and-file Fenians drifted into the Home Rule movement.

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When we have undermined English misgovernment we have paved the way for Ireland to take her place amongst the nations of the earth. And let us not forget that that is the ultimate goal at which all we Irishmen aim. None of us whether we be in America or in Ireland ... will be satisfied until we have

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in 1882, told O'Brien that in Colorado, he had made the acquaintance of the former radical Land League organiser Patrick Joseph Sheridan, who privately told him that he had sworn Parnell into the IRB under those circumstances. The historians Paul Bew and Patrick Maume, who discovered this material,

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During the period 1886–1890, Parnell continued to pursue Home Rule, striving to reassure British voters that it would be no threat to them. In Ireland, unionist resistance (especially after the Irish Unionist Party was formed) became increasingly organised. Parnell pursued moderate and conciliatory

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to court and the newspaper paid him £5,000 (equivalent to £695,000 in 2023) damages in an out-of-court settlement. When Parnell entered the House of Commons on 1 March 1890, after he was cleared, he received a hero's reception from his fellow MPs led by Gladstone. It had been a dangerous crisis

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movement. At a national level, several approaches were made which eventually produced the "New Departure" of June 1879, endorsing the foregone informal agreement which asserted an understanding binding them to mutual support and a shared political agenda. In addition, the New Departure endorsed the

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on his release from prison, he met William Carrol who assured him of Clan na Gael's support in the struggle for Irish self-government. This led to a meeting in March 1878 between influential constitutionalists, Parnell and Frank Hugh O'Donnell, and leading Fenians O'Kelly, O'Leary and Carroll. This

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Parnell's personal political views remained an enigma. An effective communicator, he was skilfully ambivalent and matched his words depending on circumstances and audience, but he would always first defend constitutionalism on which basis he sought to bring about change, but he was hampered by the

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Lyons points up the dark side as well. The decade-long liaison with Mrs. O'Shea was a disaster waiting to happen, and Parnell had made no preparations for it. He waited so long because of money – there was an expectation that Mrs. O'Shea would receive a large inheritance from her elderly aunt who

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were almost unknown in Ireland. He created single-handedly in the Irish Party Britain's first modern, disciplined, political-party machine. He held all the reins of Irish nationalism and also harnessed Irish-America to finance the cause. He played an important role in the rise and fall of British

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as his personal secretary. He fundamentally changed the party, replicated the INL structure within it and created a well-organised grassroots structure, introduced membership to replace "ad hoc" informal groupings in which MPs with little commitment to the party voted differently on issues, often

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The informal alliance between the new, tightly disciplined INL and the Catholic Church was one of the main factors for the revitalisation of the national Home Rule cause after 1882. Parnell saw that the explicit endorsement of Catholicism was of vital importance to the success of this venture and

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production about the Irish leader. Instead of wearing a full beard like the real Parnell, the popular actor sported sideburns in addition to his trademark moustache. The film is notable as Gable's biggest flop and occurred at the height of his career when almost every Gable film was a smash hit.

1112:, marked a critical turning point in the development of Parnell's leadership when he returned to the parameters of parliamentary and constitutional politics, and resulted in the loss of support of Devoy's American-Irish. His political diplomacy preserved the national Home Rule movement after the 1697:

When the annual party leadership election was held on 25 November, Gladstone's threat was not conveyed to the members until after they had loyally re-elected their 'chief' in his office. Gladstone published his warning in a letter the next day; angry members demanded a new meeting, and this was

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On 24 December 1889, Captain O'Shea filed for divorce, citing Parnell as co-respondent, although the case did not come to trial until 15 November 1890. The two-day trial revealed that Parnell had been the long-term lover of Mrs. O'Shea and had fathered three of her children. Meanwhile, Parnell

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He did this ... by rallying an inert and submissive peasantry to believe that by organized and disciplined protest they could win a better life for themselves and their children. He did it further, and still more strikingly, by demonstrating ... that even a small Irish party could disrupt the

1689:' rebelled against having an adulterer play a major role in the Liberal Party. Gladstone warned that if Parnell retained the leadership, it would mean the loss of the next election, the end of their alliance, and also of Home Rule. With Parnell obdurate, the alliance collapsed in bitterness. 1523:

Dear Sir, – I am not surprised at your friend's anger, but he and you should know that to denounce the murders was the only course open to us. To do that promptly was plainly our best policy. But you can tell him, and all others concerned, that, though I regret the accident of Lord Frederick

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Parnell visited the United States that year, accompanied by O'Connor Power. The question of Parnell's closeness to the IRB, and whether indeed he ever joined the organisation, has been a matter of academic debate for a century. The evidence suggests that later, following the signing of the

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might have changed her will if she had known about the affair. In the aftermath of the divorce he fought violently to retain control in a hopeless cause. Thereby he ruined his health and wrecked his movement, which never fully recovered. The bottom line for Lyons, however, is positive:

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Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian outrages grew from 863 incidents in 1879 to 2,590 in 1880 after evictions increased from 1,238 to 2,110 in the same period. Parnell saw the need to replace violent agitation with country-wide mass meetings and the application of Davitt's

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in Ireland was shocked by Parnell's immorality and feared that he would wreck the cause of Home Rule. Besides the issue of tolerating immorality, the bishops sought to keep control of Irish Catholic politics, and they no longer trusted Parnell as an ally. The chief Catholic leader,

1890:, where Parnell studied, has offered the Parnell Fellowship in Irish Studies, which is awarded to a scholar for up to a year for study without teaching or administrative responsibilities. Parnell Fellows have often been historians, but have spanned a wide range of disciplines. 1335:

Parnell's party emerged swiftly as a tightly disciplined and, on the whole, energetic body of parliamentarians. By 1885, he was leading a party well-poised for the next general election, his statements on Home Rule designed to secure the widest possible support. Speaking in

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Over a century after his death he is still surrounded by public interest. His death, and the divorce upheaval which preceded it, gave him a public appeal and interest that other contemporaries, such as Timothy Healy or John Dillon, could not match. His leading biographer,

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Charles Stewart Parnell possessed the remarkable attribute of charisma, was an enigmatic personality and politically gifted, and is regarded as one of the most extraordinary figures in Irish and British politics. He played a part in the process that undermined his own

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worked in close cooperation with the Catholic hierarchy in consolidating its hold over the Irish electorate. The leaders of the Catholic Church largely recognised the Parnellite party as guardians of church interests, despite uneasiness with a powerful lay leadership.

1214:(INL). It combined moderate agrarianism, a Home Rule programme with electoral functions, was hierarchical and autocratic in structure with Parnell wielding immense authority and direct parliamentary control. Parliamentary constitutionalism was the future path. 1348:, but no man has the right to fix the boundary of a nation. No man has the right to say to his country, "Thus far shalt thou go and no further", and we have never attempted to fix the "ne plus ultra" to the progress of Ireland's nationhood, and we never shall. 5001: 661:

Parnell's parents separated when he was six, and as a boy, he was sent to different schools in England, where he spent an unhappy youth. His father died in 1859 and he inherited the Avondale estate, while his older brother John inherited another estate in

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During his first year as an MP, Parnell remained a reserved observer of parliamentary proceedings. He first came to attention in the public eye in 1876, when he claimed in the House of Commons that he did not believe that any murder had been committed by

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formed in 1873 to campaign for a moderate degree of self-government. It was in support of this movement that Parnell first tried to stand for election in Wicklow, but as high sheriff was disqualified. He was unsuccessful as a home rule candidate in the

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to an intimate at Hawarden in just over seven years. This was the high point of Parnell's career. In the early part of 1890, he still hoped to advance the situation on the land question, with which a substantial section of his party was displeased.

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25 February 1865, retired 1870). He was noted as an improving landowner who played an important part in opening the south Wicklow area to industrialisation. His attention was drawn to the theme dominating the Irish political scene of the mid-1870s,

1369:. Gladstone on the other hand said he was prepared to go 'rather further' than the idea of a Central Board. After the collapse of Gladstone's government in June 1885, Parnell urged the Irish voters in Britain to vote against the Liberal Party. The 1607:

on 18–19 December 1889. On each occasion, Parnell's demands were entirely within the accepted parameters of Liberal thinking, Gladstone noting that he was one of the best people he had known to deal with, a remarkable transition from an inmate at

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At the end of 1885, the highly centralised organisation had 1,200 branches spread around the country, though there were fewer in Ulster than in the other provinces. Parnell left the day-to-day running of the INL in the hands of his lieutenants

1642:, sometime around 1875, but would not divorce her as she was expecting a substantial inheritance. Mrs. O'Shea acted as liaison in 1885 with Gladstone during proposals for the First Home Rule Bill. Parnell later took up residence with her in 629:

from 1817 to 1820. Thus, from birth, Charles Stewart Parnell possessed an extraordinary number of links to many elements of society; he was linked to the old Irish Parliamentary tradition via his great-grandfather and grandfather, to the

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Irish organisation that had staged a rebellion in 1867. Parnell made it his business to cultivate Fenian sentiments both in Britain and Ireland and became associated with the more radical wing of the Home Rule League, which included

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argues that in the countryside the Land League "reinforced the politicization of rural Catholic nationalist Ireland, partly by defining that identity against urbanization, landlordism, Englishness and—implicitly—Protestantism."

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Cavendish's death, I cannot refuse to admit that Burke got no more than his deserts. You are at liberty to show him this, and others whom you can trust also, but let not my address be known. He can write to House of Commons.

1415:(who had been Liberal leader in the late 1870s and was still the most likely alternative leader) refused to serve at all, while Joseph Chamberlain briefly held office then resigned when he saw the terms of the proposed bill. 1793:, subjecting himself to a severe soaking. On the difficult campaign trail, his health continuously deteriorated; furthermore, he had kidney disease. Parnell fought on furiously but, though aged just 45, he was a dying man. 1411:". The third Gladstone administration paved the way towards the generous response to Irish demands that the new Prime Minister had promised, but was unable to obtain the support of several key players in his own party. 2078:: "Dr. Stenerson had a high opinion of Parnell, but if Gladstone was so opposed to him, he must know what he was about—with apologies to the host, Mr. Nagel, who couldn't forgive Gladstone for being an honourable man". 1453:

returned with a majority of 118 over the combined Gladstonian Liberals and Parnell's 85 Irish Party seats. Salisbury formed his second government – a minority Conservative government with Liberal Unionist support.

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walked out to found a new organisation, thus creating rival Parnellite and anti-Parnellite parties. The minority of 28 who remained true to their embattled 'Chief' continued in the Irish National League under

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Gladstone described him: "Parnell was the most remarkable man I ever met. I do not say the ablest man; I say the most remarkable and the most interesting. He was an intellectual phenomenon." Liberal leader

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and the shot in the police van had achieved." Parnell also attributed the explosion and the Manchester Martyrs incident as leading to "some measure of protection being given to the Irish tenant" and the

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In the end, she received a much smaller amount and was swindled out of even that. Furthermore, Parnell tried to leave her his family estate, but he neglected to do the legal work and his brother took it

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Parnell was conservative by nature, which leads some historians to suggest that personally, he would have been closer to the Conservative Party, rather than the Liberal Party, but for political needs.

1434:, beseeching parliament to pass the bill. However, the split between pro- and anti-home rulers within the Liberal Party caused the defeat of the bill on its second reading in June by 341 to 311 votes. 4298:

Harrison's two books defending Parnell were published in 1931 and 1938. They have had a major impact on Irish historiography, leading to a more favourable view of Parnell's role in the O'Shea affair.

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business of the greatest legislature in the world and, by a combination of skill and tenacity, could deal on equal terms with – eventually, hold the balance between – the two major English parties.

1710:, but all of his former close associates, Michael Davitt, John Dillon, William O'Brien and Timothy Healy deserted him to join the anti-Parnellites. The vast majority of anti-Parnellites formed the 1603:

All that remained, it seemed, was to work out details of a new home rule bill with Gladstone. They held two meetings, one in March 1888 and a second more significant meeting at Gladstone's home in

1551:, a disreputable anti-Parnellite rogue journalist. Pigott broke down under cross-examination after the letter was shown to be a forgery by him with his characteristic spelling mistakes. He fled to 1481:

had been a furious enemy of the Conservatives) and the House of Lords where many Whigs sat (a second Home Rule Bill would pass the Commons in 1893 only to be overwhelmingly defeated in the Lords).

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Finnegan, Orla and Ian Cawood. "The Fall of Parnell: Orla Finnegan and Ian Cawood Show That the Reasons for Parnell's Fall in 1890 Are Not as Straightforward as They May Appear at First Sight,"

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The Liberal split made the Unionists (the Liberal Unionists sat in coalition with the Conservatives after 1895 and would eventually merge with them) the dominant force in British politics until

1007:. He chose to sit for the Cork seat. His triumph facilitated his nomination in May in place of Shaw as leader of a new Home Rule League Party, faced with a country on the brink of a land war. 4996: 4571: 1730:

Parnell fought back desperately, despite his failing health. On 10 December, he arrived in Dublin to a hero's welcome. He and his followers forcibly seized the offices of the party paper

1422:, his object to establish an Irish legislature, although large imperial issues were to be reserved to the Westminster parliament. The Conservatives now emerged as enthusiastic unionists, 1015:, also as a means of achieving his objective of self-government. Gladstone was alarmed at the power of the Land League at the end of 1880. He attempted to defuse the land question with 670:(1865–1869) but, due to the troubled financial circumstances of the estate he inherited, he was absent a great deal and never completed his degree. In 1871, he joined his elder brother 547:

in Dublin are named after him, and he is celebrated as the best organiser of an Irish political party up to that time, and one of the most formidable figures in parliamentary history.

1852:, it was purchased by the state. It is open to public view and is where the "Parnell Society" holds its annual August summer school. The "Parnell National Memorial Park" is in nearby 617:, Cheshire, early in the 17th century where two generations held the office of Mayor of Congleton before moving to Ireland. The family produced a number of notable figures, including 1250: 3762: 1810: 4493: 1380:

government – they were still the smaller party after the elections – but after renewed agrarian distress arose when agricultural prices fell and unrest developed during 1885,

2102:, "Come Gather Round Me, Parnellites", while he is also referred to in "To a Shade", where he performs the famous "C.S.Parnell Style", and in Yeats' two-line poem "Parnell". 1105:

use his good offices to quell the violence and to cooperate cordially for the future with the Liberal Party in forwarding Liberal principles and measures of general reform.

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You must show the landlord that you intend to keep a firm grip on your homesteads and lands. You must not allow yourselves be dispossessed as you were dispossessed in 1847.

654:) though in later years he began to drop away from formal church attendance; and he was connected with the aristocracy through the Powerscourts. Yet it was as a leader of 1825:(now replaced by Dorset Court, Kingsway) on 6 October 1891 of pneumonia and in the arms of his wife Katharine. He was 45 years of age at the time of his death. Though an 1361:

Both British parties toyed with various suggestions for greater self-government for Ireland. In March 1885, the British cabinet rejected the proposal of radical minister

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followed to cope with the press and they collected £70,000 for distress in Ireland. During Parnell's highly successful tour, he had an audience with American President

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The Irish Parliamentary Party split in 1890, following the revelation of Parnell's long adulterous love affair, which led to many British Liberals, many of whom were

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Parnell now sought to use his experience and huge support to advance his pursuit of Home Rule and resurrected the suppressed Land League, on 17 October 1882, as the

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For the next 20 years, the IRB ceased to be an important force in Irish politics, leaving Parnell and his party the leaders of the nationalist movement in Ireland.

625:(1776–1842), the Irish politician. Parnell's grandfather William Parnell (1780–1821), who inherited the Avondale Estate in 1795, was an Irish liberal Party MP for 1929:(IRB), with speculation in the 1890s that he may have even joined the latter organisation. Historian Andrew Roberts argues that he was sworn into the IRB in the 1734:. A year before, his prestige had reached new heights, but the new crisis crippled this support, and most rural nationalists turned against him. In the December 1596:

tenant land purchase and still hoped to retain a sizeable landlord support for home rule. During the agrarian crisis, which intensified in 1886 and launched the

4265: 3117: 3399: 1910:, while he associated himself with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Parnell was a close friend and political associate of fellow land reform activist 5011: 4726: 2503: 3706: 5021: 4302:, p. 324 commented that Harrison "did more than anyone else to uncover what seems to have been the true facts" about the Parnell-O'Shea liaison. 4335: 1948:

On 24 September 1877, Parnell told his constituents that "No amount of eloquence could achieve what the fear of an impending insurrection, what the

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against their own party. Some did not attend the House of Commons at all, citing expense, given that MPs were unpaid until 1911 and the journey to

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Parnell next turned to the Home Rule League Party, of which he was to remain the re-elected leader for over a decade, spending most of his time at

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was again Prime Minister. Sixty-three Home Rulers were elected, including twenty-seven Parnell supporters, Parnell being returned for three seats:

582:'s bodyguards). There were eleven children in all: five boys and six girls. Admiral Stewart's mother, Parnell's great-grandmother, belonged to the 500: 1945:, relates, 'And, in fact, I was, about this time , deputed to ask Parnell to join us. I did ask him. He said "No" without a moment's hesitation.' 4926: 2291: 532:, refusing to work with him, and engendered strong opposition from Catholic bishops. He headed a small minority faction until his death in 1891. 4444: 875:

Parnell preferred to keep all options open without clearly committing himself when he spoke in 1879 before Irish Tenant Defence Associations at

819:, Parnell did take the IRB oath, possibly for tactical reasons. What is known is that IRB involvement in the League's sister organisation, the 469:, winning great influence by his balancing of constitutional, radical, and economic issues, and by his skilful use of parliamentary procedure. 2387:

This is based on a 1928 letter from a radical Land League activist, Thomas J. Quinn, to William O'Brien, found in the William O'Brien Papers,

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When Parnell was rejected by the majority of his parliamentary party, McCarthy assumed its chairmanship, a position which he held until 1896.

1965:, Parnell told the House: "I wish to say as directly as I can that I do not believe, and never shall believe, that any murder was committed 1384:'s Conservative government announced coercion measures in January 1886. Parnell switched his support to the Liberals. The prospects shocked 1719: 1519:). Letters were published which suggested Parnell was complicit in the murders. The most important one, dated 15 May 1882, ran as follows: 2396:

state that Quinn was probably reporting correctly what Sheridan had told him, but it cannot be proven that Sheridan was telling the truth.

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The 35-volume commission report published in February 1890, did not clear Parnell's movement of criminal involvement. Parnell then took

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Parnell's personal complexities or his perception of a need for political expediency to his goal permitted him to condone the radical

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inherited the Avondale estate. He found it heavily mortgaged and eventually sold it in 1899. Five years later, at the suggestion of

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says, "For the first time in Irish history, the two dominant forces of Nationalism and Catholicism came to a parting of the ways.

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Parnell next became the centre of public attention when in March and April 1887 he found himself accused by the British newspaper

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that reduced rents and enabled some tenants to buy their farms. These halted arbitrary evictions, but not where rent was unpaid.

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Parliament was dissolved and elections called, with Irish Home Rule the central issue. Gladstone hoped to repeat his triumph of

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during the Home Rule debates of 1885–1886. He fell from power following revelations of a long-term affair, and died at age 45.

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Report of the 1888 Special Commission to Inquire into Charges and Allegations Against Certain Members of Parliament and Others

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both of whom were impressed by him and reported positively to the most capable and militant Leader of the American republican

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MP and heir to the Avondale estate), on an extended tour of the United States. Their travels took them mostly through the

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to sculpt the statue; it was funded by Americans and completed in 1911. Art critics said it was not an artistic success.

1445:(which had been a major cause of dispute between Conservatives and Liberals since the 1830s), but the result of the July 922:. In so doing, he linked the mass movement to the parliamentary agitation, with profound consequences for both of them. 4712: 4612: 4262: 1508: 1124: 1004: 776: 767: 732: 622: 191: 4991: 4936: 4895: 4466: 4372: 3662: 1185: 1000: 686:

and apparently, the brothers neither spent much time in centres of Irish immigration nor sought out Irish-Americans.

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as the central tenet of the Liberal Party. Parnell's reputation peaked from 1889 to 1890, after letters published in

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crimes that hung around the Land League and by the opposition of landlords against the attacks on their property.

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A land bill introduced by party leader Isaac Butt in 1876 was voted down in the House of Commons, with 45 of his

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where he committed suicide. Parnell was vindicated, to the disappointment of the Tories and the Prime Minister,

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Oldstone-Moore, Christopher (1995). "The Fall of Parnell: Hugh Price Hughes and the Nonconformist Conscience".

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on the state of Ireland and spoke in 62 cities in the United States and in Canada. He was so well received in

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on 6 May. Parnell was shocked to the extent that he offered Gladstone to resign his seat as MP. The militant

747: 599: 529: 214: 1785:, County Kilkenny. Parnell continued the exhausting campaigning. One loss followed another but he looked to 1600:

organised by Parnell's lieutenants, he chose in the interest of Home Rule not to associate himself with it.

2217:

played Parnell in "The Fall of Parnell (December 6, 1890)", an episode of the historical television series

1926: 1887: 1626:

Parnell's leadership was first put to the test in February 1886, when he forced the candidature of Captain

1516: 1100:

Whilst in gaol, Parnell moved in April 1882 to make a deal with the government, negotiated through Captain

1052: 763: 667: 631: 408: 1634:. Parnell rode roughshod over his lieutenants Healy, Dillon and O'Brien who were not in favour of O'Shea. 1515:, and of the general involvement of his movement with crime (i.e., with illegal organisations such as the 4736: 4307: 2255: 1580: 1500: 1117: 1020: 575: 4194: 1198: 1076: 4692: 4582: 4164: 3998: 1751: 1419: 1223: 1128: 915: 458: 1879:

He is also commemorated on the first Sunday after the anniversary of his death on 6 October, known as

953:

that Healy dubbed him "the uncrowned king of Ireland". (The same term was applied 30 years earlier to

4825: 4800: 4635: 4100: 3495: 1711: 1662: 1431: 1399:

The Liberal Party regained power on 1 February, their leader Gladstone – influenced by the status of

1274: 1086: 1047:, attacked the Land Act and he was arrested on 13 October 1881, together with his party lieutenants, 481: 436: 307: 226: 56: 4308:"A portrait of the chief as a general paralytic: rhetorics of sexual pathology in the Parnell split" 1293:

The changes affected the nature of candidates chosen. Under Butt, the party's MPs were a mixture of

4951: 4883: 3510: 2842: 2168: 2115:, published in 1944, the author mentions Parnell and O'Shea: "Passion is destructive. It destroyed 1853: 1686: 1589: 1575: 1504: 1392:, revived in the 1880s to oppose the Land League, now openly opposed Home Rule. On 20 January, the 1330: 1206:

cartoon, from 1885, depicting the Irish National League as the "Irish Vampire", with Parnell's head

1120: 1031: 844: 508: 5006: 3907: 2956: 2388: 2138: 2075: 1423: 1377: 1314: 1156: 1101: 992: 984: 869: 848: 796: 743: 690: 595: 504: 496: 4871: 4649: 4132: 3514: 2239: 2219: 2209: 1942: 1934: 1873: 1450: 1235: 780: 728: 683: 643: 571: 380: 169: 4382: 3868: 4775: 4034: 3916: 1958: 1949: 1658: 1496: 1442: 1318: 1267: 1211: 1113: 1094: 961:, he asserted, would be to undermine English misgovernment, and he is alleged to have added: 938: 884: 679: 518: 4230: 1055:, who had also conducted a bitter verbal offensive. They were imprisoned under a proclaimed 4921: 4916: 4092: 2116: 2099: 1671: 1393: 772: 587: 535:

Parnell's funeral was attended by 200,000, and the day of his death is still remembered as

5002:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Mayo constituencies (1801–1922)

2034:

says, "More than any other man he gave Ireland the sense of being an independent nation."

1833:

in Dublin, and was attended by more than 200,000 people. His notability was such that his

8: 4275: 2887: 2111: 2106: 2030:

described him as the strongest man the House of Commons had seen in 150 years. Historian

1989: 1865: 1845: 1639: 1262: 1090: 954: 942: 888: 671: 651: 392: 325: 1646:, Kent, in the summer of 1886, and was a known overnight visitor at the O'Shea house in 43: 4639: 4626: 4426: 4418: 4327: 3986: 3901: 3741: 3503: 3499: 3109: 3101: 2120: 1966: 1830: 1814: 1755: 1544: 1474: 1385: 1362: 1310: 1306: 1227: 1069:, which Parnell and the others signed, was issued calling for a national tenant farmer 1056: 1048: 988: 824: 759: 603: 560: 466: 447: 363: 296: 1746:

by-election, the defeat of his candidate by 2,493 votes to 3,261 was less resounding.

613:

were descended from a Protestant English merchant family, which came to prominence in

4524: 4462: 4430: 4368: 4331: 4178: 4163: 4139: 4104: 4066: 4008: 3990: 3978: 3922: 3874: 3841: 3785: 3680: 3658: 3627: 3608: 3574: 3541: 3520: 3483: 3452: 3431: 3113: 2070: 2006: 1954: 1907: 1880: 1826: 1821:

He returned to Dublin on 30 September. He died in his home at 10 Walsingham Terrace,

1774: 1627: 1286:

enlarged the franchise, and the IPP increased its number of MPs from 63 to 85 in the

1109: 1065: 958: 918:

in Dublin on 21 October 1879, signing a militant Land League address campaigning for

816: 655: 647: 579: 567: 536: 477: 450: 424: 2961: 1750:"by his public misconduct, has utterly disqualified himself to be ... leader." Only 4744: 4704: 4653: 4410: 4319: 3970: 3404: 3093: 2854: 2342: 2313: 2214: 1701:

On 6 December, after five days of vehement debate, a majority of 44 present led by

1597: 1585: 1080: 707: 590:. John Henry Parnell himself was a cousin of one of Ireland's leading aristocrats, 462: 432: 312: 99: 4516: 4323: 3416: 3298: 1789:

to restore his fortunes. On 27 September, he addressed a crowd in pouring rain at

1638:

was the harbinger of the fatal crisis to come. O'Shea had separated from his wife

1242:

that over three decades changed the face of Irish land ownership, replacing large

4877: 4678: 4472: 4448: 4279: 4269: 4208: 4060: 4056: 4002: 3835: 3812: 3779: 3710: 3674: 3621: 3568: 3535: 3446: 2901: 2524: 2181: 2154: 2031: 1915: 1849: 1715: 1609: 1278: 1239: 1060: 1024: 694: 610: 488: 473: 4536:

Mulhall, Daniel (2010). "Parallel Parnell: Parnell delivers Home Rule on 1904".

4350: 484:, which he controlled minutely as Britain's first disciplined democratic party. 4673: 4621: 4604: 4454: 4437: 4398: 4193: 3408: 2416: 2194: 2160: 2082: 2015: 2010:

governments in the mid-1880s and in Gladstone's conversion to Irish Home Rule.

1993: 1861: 1857: 1838: 1670:

of Dublin, came under heavy pressure from politicians, his fellow bishops, and

1556: 1548: 1396:

was established in Dublin. By 28 January, Salisbury's government had resigned.

860: 804: 618: 556: 544: 540: 522: 454: 258: 4414: 3732:

Larkin, Emmet (1961). "The Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Fall of Parnell".

3097: 1984: 4910: 4889: 4865: 4846: 4696: 4683: 4189: 3982: 2251: 2244: 2023: 1973: 1903: 1408: 1366: 1345: 934: 923: 663: 583: 386: 3948:

O'Keefe, Timothy J. (1984). "The Art And Politics Of The Parnell Monument".

3070:

The Life of Charles Stewart Parnell 1846-1891 by R. Barry O'Brien, page 150

2026:

called him one of the three or four greatest men of the 19th century, while

4834: 4790: 4572:

Charles Parnell Caricature by Harry Furniss – UK Parliament Living Heritage

4476: 2204: 1911: 1869: 1707: 1512: 1389: 852: 839:

From August 1877, Parnell held a number of private meetings with prominent

91: 3974: 2529:, published by the Officers of the County Wicklow Militia, 1885, pp. 44–5. 1650:, Kent. When Mrs O'Shea's aunt died in 1889, her money was left in trust. 803:

from 1877). He engaged with them and played a leading role in a policy of

4840: 4815: 2189: 2127: 2065: 2002: 1937:

in May 1882 and that this was concealed for 40 years. In Barry O'Brien's

1782: 1337: 1294: 1258: 1243: 1070: 930: 919: 876: 635: 564: 2799: 1829:, his funeral on 11 October was at the Irish National nondenominational 1430:. In the course of a long and fierce debate Gladstone made a remarkable 1344:

We cannot ask the British constitution for more than the restitution of

787:

from 1874) (both, although constitutionalists, had links with the IRB),

4753: 4520: 4422: 4378: 4360: 3745: 3612: 3397:

Bew, Paul (23 September 2004). "Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846–1891)".

3105: 3081: 2227: 1834: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1298: 1170: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 883:. It was not until Davitt persuaded him to address a second meeting at 856: 808: 703: 403: 3299:"A tale of a famous failed rebellion - the Ireland of Parnell's times" 1657:

News of the long-standing adultery created a huge public scandal. The

2176: 2148: 2087: 1778: 1491: 614: 513: 286: 1441:, when he fought and won a general election to obtain a mandate for 1145: 570:

landowner, and his American wife Delia Tudor Stewart (1816–1898) of

4127: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2527:

An Outline of the History of The County Wicklow Regiment of Militia

2392: 1759: 1647: 1604: 1302: 865: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 1925:

Parnell was linked both with the landed aristocracy class and the

1249: 4577: 4565: 3781:

The Ivy Leaf: The Parnells Remembered : Commemorative Essays

1238:. Its continued agrarian agitation led to the passing of several 1012: 950: 929:

In a bout of activity, he left for America in December 1879 with

675: 2908: 2095:

how could he be dead? It was like something fading in the sky."

4259:

Vivid Faces: The Revolutionary Generation in Ireland, 1890–1923

3712:

The Material for Victory: Being the Memoirs of Andrew J. Kettle

2533: 1868:

stands the Parnell Monument. This was planned and organised by

1809: 1790: 1739: 1643: 1635: 1552: 1400: 880: 840: 740: 2357: 746:. He replaced the deceased League MP, veteran Young Irelander 4997:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Cork City

3278: 3207: 966:

destroyed the last link which keeps Ireland bound to England.

4515:(Vols. I–IV 1879–1880; Vol. V 1897); reprinted in paperback 3004: 2351: 2319: 594:, and also the grandson of a Chancellor of the Exchequer in 559:, County Wicklow. He was the third son and seventh child of 4204:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3028: 2328: 1822: 275: 3183: 3052: 3040: 1758:

withheld his signature. The Parnells took up residence in

1365:

of democratic county councils which in turn would elect a

3498:

exams, covering Later Modern Irish History, "Topic 2 for

2920: 2199: 1253:

Charles Stewart Parnell, the 'un-crowned King of Ireland'

983:

was announced for April and he returned to fight it. The

868:

from John Devoy in October 1878 which offered Parnell a "

693:, his home county in which he was also an officer in the 646:

for gallantry in the U.S. Navy). Parnell belonged to the

480:. The same year, he reformed the Home Rule League as the 3676:

Ireland's misfortune: the turbulent life of Kitty O'Shea

2968: 2806: 2702: 2700: 2675: 2673: 2622: 1681:

In England one strong base of Liberal Party support was

1588:

offering enthusiastic support to Parnell's struggle for

914:

Parnell was elected president of Davitt's newly founded

439:

from 1882 to 1891, who held the balance of power in the

4166:

Rome and Fenianism: The Pope's Anti-Parnellite Circular

3873:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 300. 2992: 2646: 2126:

Parnell is the subject of a discussion in Irish author

1765:

He returned to fight the third and last by-election in

586:

family, so Parnell had a distant relationship with the

4583:

contributions in Parliament by Charles Stewart Parnell

507:. His power was one factor in Gladstone's adoption of 3141:

The Manchester Martyrs: The Story of a Fenian Tragedy

2818: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2724: 2697: 2685: 2670: 2658: 2634: 2354: 2325: 4734: 3837:

The long gestation: Irish nationalist life 1891–1918

3448:

Nineteenth-century Ireland: The Search for Stability

3427:

Enigma A New Life of Charles Stewart Parnell: Enigma

3320:

Great Hatred, Little Room The Irish Historical Novel

3259:. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 152. 3195: 3171: 3147: 2980: 2610: 2598: 2586: 2574: 2348: 2331: 2316: 2130:'s first chapter of the semi-autobiographical novel 887:

in June that he began to grasp the potential of the

4486:"Was Chicago home to the country's 1st female cop?" 2345: 2322: 1893: 1805:

Parnell's grave around the turn of the 20th century

1661:passed a resolution to confirm his leadership. The 926:, his 'right-hand man', became honorary secretary. 723:On 17 April 1875, Parnell was first elected to the 457:, he was a land reform agitator and founder of the 4213:Irish Freedom: A History of Nationalism in Ireland 4177: 4131: 4033: 3537:Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce's Ulysses 3296: 3016: 2784: 2712: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 1535: 2830: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 1282:to model themselves on the Parnellite model. The 4908: 3777: 3010: 2081:Parnell's death shocks the character Eleanor in 1841:granite, erected in 1940, reads only "Parnell". 1630:, who had negotiated the Kilmainham Treaty, for 1449:was a Liberal defeat. The Conservatives and the 3755:"Political priests: the Parnell split in Meath" 3159: 2932: 2292:List of people on the postage stamps of Ireland 1777:defected to the anti-Parnellites. At one point 602:, who lost office in 1799, when he opposed the 476:, Dublin, in 1882, but he was released when he 429:Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom 4551:The Parnell myth and Irish politics, 1891–1956 4393:. Vol. 46. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 4152: 3960: 3533: 3297:des Lauriers Cieri, Carol (29 February 1988). 3284: 2914: 2437: 1108:His release on 2 May, following the so-called 1073:. The Land League was suppressed immediately. 1063:for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the 979:His activities came to an abrupt end when the 574:, daughter of the American naval hero Admiral 4720: 3903:The Life of Charles Stewart Parnell 1846~1891 3566: 2568: 2230:played Parnell in the television mini-series 1781:was thrown at his eyes by a hostile crowd in 1353: 650:, disestablished in 1868 (its members mostly 4153:Boyce, D. George; O'Day, Alan, eds. (1991). 3866: 3567:Hickey, D. J.; Doherty, J. E., eds. (2003). 3403:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3254: 3034: 1685:Protestantism, such as the Methodists; the ' 1273:In 1882, he changed his party's name to the 750:. Parnell later sat for the constituency of 478:renounced violent extra-Parliamentary action 4401:(1973a). "The Political Ideas of Parnell". 4281:Parnell Vindicated: The Lifting of the Veil 3947: 3899: 3570:A New Dictionary of Irish History from 1800 3352:. Manchester University Press. p. 119. 3189: 3058: 2998: 2851:, ch. 12, "Emissary to the Prime Minister". 2167:Parnell is a major background character in 2158:, as is his brother. The main character in 2043:He gave his people back their self respect. 521:of 1882, were shown to have been forged by 5012:Patrons of the Gaelic Athletic Association 4727: 4713: 3778:McCartney, Donal; Travers, Pauric (2006). 2492: 1674:; Walsh finally declared against Parnell. 1418:On 8 April 1886, Gladstone introduced the 1405:self-governing but under the Swedish Crown 718: 495:saw him hold the balance of power between 42: 3914: 3534:Gifford, Don; Seidman, Robert J. (1989). 3380:Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors 3367:. University of Luton Press. p. 220. 3347: 3322:. Syracuse University Press. p. 196. 2652: 2142:magazine in 1914–15. Parnell appears in " 1186:Learn how and when to remove this message 5022:Political scandals in the United Kingdom 4274: 4188: 4175: 4171:(1 ed.). London: Robert Washbourne. 3229:. Oregan Publishing. 2017. p. 1768. 2365:, with the stress on the first syllable. 2310:Most contemporaries pronounced his name 1983: 1886:Since 1991, the centenary of his death, 1808: 1800: 1574: 1248: 1197: 1085:magazine depicts the Fenian movement as 1075: 821:Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain 4535: 4483: 4305: 4091: 3997: 3619: 3477: 3400:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3377: 3362: 3317: 3269: 3227:Virginia Woolf: The Complete Collection 3046: 2824: 2812: 2778: 2766: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2706: 2691: 2679: 2664: 2628: 2616: 2604: 2592: 2580: 2421: 2133:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 2098:Parnell is toasted in the 1938 poem of 2059: 945:. On 2 February 1880, he addressed the 901: 859:. In December 1877, at a reception for 843:leaders. He visited Paris where he met 423:(27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an 14: 4927:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge 4909: 4548: 4397: 4062:Politicians, Socialism, and Historians 4055: 3811:Magnus, Sir Philip Montefiore (1960). 3810: 3752: 3731: 3705: 3623:Home Rule: An Irish History, 1800–2000 3599: 3509: 3201: 3153: 3143:. Lawrence & Wishart. p. 116. 3022: 2986: 2944: 2926: 2640: 2275:When our heroes of '16 were executed? 1675: 1321:landowners and Conservatives from it. 947:United States House of Representatives 159:5 April 1880 – 6 October 1891 4708: 4484:Mastony, Colleen (1 September 2010). 4453: 4299: 4229:Flynn, Kevin Haddick (4 April 2005). 4228: 4161: 3833: 3672: 3444: 3332: 3239: 3213: 3177: 3120:from the original on 12 November 2020 3079: 2974: 2877:, Sunday 16 November 1890, issue 2101 2860: 2848: 2836: 2718: 2051: 1725: 1616: 1507:, and the Permanent Under-Secretary, 1324: 1284:Representation of the People Act 1884 1135: 971: 909: 831:. Shaw's victory was only temporary. 642:had been awarded a gold medal by the 204:21 April 1875 – 5 April 1880 69:11 May 1882 – 6 October 1891 5062:People from Rathdrum, County Wicklow 4857:Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland) 3784:. Dublin: University College Press. 3465:from the original on 22 October 2020 3365:Be Seeing You: Decoding The Prisoner 3138: 1570: 1428:"The Orange card is the one to play" 1168:adding citations to reliable sources 1139: 1038: 981:1880 United Kingdom general election 555:Charles Stewart Parnell was born in 338: 112:16 April 1880 – 11 May 1882 4377: 4126: 3709:(1958). Kettle, Laurence J. (ed.). 3652: 3423: 3396: 3274:. Doran & Company. p. 183. 3165: 2938: 2880: 2866: 2486: 2258:" contains a reference to Parnell: 1919: 1796: 1484: 658:that Parnell established his fame. 435:from 1880 to 1882, and then of the 24: 4357:(Dublin: Oifig an tSoláthair 1937) 4338:from the original on 16 April 2021 4119: 4097:A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake 3887:from the original on 16 April 2021 3540:. University of California Press. 3270:Maugham, William Somerset (1944). 2894: 1051:, John Dillon, Michael Davitt and 937:and secure support for Home Rule. 623:Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton 25: 5073: 4559: 4306:Houston, Lloyd (Meadhbh) (2017). 4288:from the original on 27 July 2020 4079:from the original on 27 July 2020 4043:from the original on 27 July 2020 4021:from the original on 27 July 2020 3935:from the original on 27 July 2020 3854:from the original on 10 July 2020 3821:from the original on 27 July 2020 3798:from the original on 27 July 2020 3765:from the original on 14 July 2014 3693:from the original on 27 July 2020 3640:from the original on 27 July 2020 3587:from the original on 27 July 2020 3554:from the original on 27 July 2020 2506:from the original on 20 July 2011 2265:How you slandered great Parnell, 1787:the next general election in 1892 1769:, having lost the support of the 1621: 1473:(the fiefdom of its former mayor 621:(1679–1718), the Irish poet, and 465:, operating independently of the 461:in 1879. He became leader of the 431:from 1875 to 1891, Leader of the 5057:Deaths from pneumonia in England 4982:Irish people of Scottish descent 4972:Irish people of American descent 4592:Parliament of the United Kingdom 4549:Murphy, William Michael (1986). 4390:Dictionary of National Biography 4384:"Parnell, Charles Stewart" 4245:from the original on 30 May 2019 4195:"Parnell, Charles Stewart" 4039:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1890. 3867:O'Beirne, John Ranelagh (2012). 3840:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. 3719:from the original on 8 July 2020 3082:"The Political Ideas of Parnell" 2905:, 17 November 1890, issue 10109. 2341: 2312: 1894:Political views and affiliations 1692: 1584:cover, 16 March 1889, depicting 1144: 834: 762:. That drew the interest of the 5027:Politicians from County Wicklow 4977:Irish people of English descent 4962:Activists for Irish land reform 4496:from the original on 9 May 2020 4162:Brady, William Maziere (1883). 3371: 3356: 3341: 3326: 3311: 3290: 3263: 3248: 3240:Yeats, William Butlers (1996). 3233: 3219: 3132: 3073: 3064: 2891:, 17 November 1890, issue 13921 2409: 2399: 2381: 2368: 2287:Irish issue in British politics 1340:on 21 January 1885, he stated: 1246:estates with tenant ownership. 1155:needs additional citations for 666:. The young Parnell studied at 334: 4441:. The Fall of Parnell, 1890–91 3669:A detailed political biography 3480:Movements For Reform 1870–1914 3382:. Scarecrow Press. p. 65. 2792:"Chronology of Parnell's life" 2518: 2304: 2271:Where are the sneers and jeers 713:1874 County Dublin by-election 13: 1: 5032:Protestant Irish nationalists 5017:Political scandals in Ireland 4987:Irish people of Welsh descent 4967:Irish Parliamentary Party MPs 4932:Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery 4324:10.1080/09670882.2017.1371105 4007:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3337:. Citadel Press. p. 181. 3304:The Christian Science Monitor 3242:Selected Poems And Four Plays 2431: 2273:That you bravely let us hear 2247:mentions him numerous times. 2144:Ivy Day in the Committee Room 2123:, Parnell and Kitty O'Shea." 1959:disestablished and disendowed 1856:. Dublin has locations named 1376:Parnell at first supported a 1270:was both costly and arduous. 1043:Parnell's own newspaper, the 550: 4957:Irish expatriates in England 4184:. Syracuse University Press. 3761:. Vol. 18, no. 2. 3753:Lawlor, David (April 2010). 3607:. Dublin: Browne and Nolan. 3445:Boyce, David George (1990). 3417:UK public library membership 3257:W.B. Yeats: Poetry and Plays 3255:Kumar Sarker, Sunil (2002). 3011:McCartney & Travers 2006 2232:Parnell and the Englishwoman 1988:Memorial at the junction of 1941:, X, Fenian Parliamentarian 1927:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1888:Magdalene College, Cambridge 764:Irish Republican Brotherhood 668:Magdalene College, Cambridge 634:via his grandfather, to the 632:American War of Independence 409:Magdalene College, Cambridge 27:Irish politician (1846–1891) 7: 4231:"Parnell, The Rebel Prince" 3626:. Oxford University Press. 3496:Leaving Certificate History 3482:. The Educational Company. 2874:Reynolds's Weekly Newspaper 2863:, ch. 13, "The Go-between". 2280: 2256:Come Out, Ye Black and Tans 1581:Queensland Figaro and Punch 1501:Chief Secretary for Ireland 1123:, and his Under-Secretary, 1021:Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 674:(1843–1923), who farmed in 640:Charles Stewart (1778–1869) 427:politician who served as a 10: 5078: 4513:A History of Our Own Times 4180:The Parnell Split, 1890–91 4004:Salisbury: Victorian Titan 3918:Irish Home Rule, 1867–1921 3900:O'Brien, R. Barry (1898). 3870:A Short History of Ireland 3389: 3318:Cahalan, James M. (1983). 3285:Gifford & Seidman 1989 2502:. glendalough.connect.ie. 2500:"Parnell and the Parnells" 2391:. Quinn, who emigrated to 2152:. He is also discussed in 2005:caste; within two decades 1738:by-election, he attracted 1497:brutal murders in May 1882 1420:First Irish Home Rule Bill 1371:November general elections 1328: 1230:, editor of its newspaper 916:Irish National Land League 459:Irish National Land League 4855: 4826:Irish Parliamentary Party 4824: 4801:Irish National Federation 4799: 4774: 4743: 4689: 4660:Member of Parliament for 4658: 4646: 4636:Alexander Martin Sullivan 4632: 4611:Member of Parliament for 4609: 4597: 4590: 4415:10.1017/S0018246X00003939 4101:Syracuse University Press 3673:Kehoe, Elisabeth (2008). 3516:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 3348:Babington, Bruce (2002). 3272:The Razor's Edge: A Novel 3098:10.1017/S0018246X00003939 2952:"Charles Stewart Parnell" 2569:Hickey & Doherty 2003 2267:When you thought him well 2263:Come let me hear you tell 2203:Parnell was portrayed by 2179:'s 1976 historical novel 2171:'s 1988 historical novel 2091:, published in 1937: "... 1979: 1872:, who chose the American 1712:Irish National Federation 1663:Catholic Church hierarchy 1461:, with strong support in 1367:Central Board for Ireland 1354:Hickey & Doherty 2003 1275:Irish Parliamentary Party 482:Irish Parliamentary Party 437:Irish Parliamentary Party 414: 402: 373: 356: 348: 319: 308:Irish Parliamentary Party 303: 292: 282: 265: 261:, County Wicklow, Ireland 241: 236: 232: 227:Alexander Martin Sullivan 220: 208: 197: 185: 175: 163: 152: 140: 128: 116: 105: 97: 85: 73: 62: 57:Irish Parliamentary Party 54: 50: 41: 34: 4992:Wicklow Militia officers 4937:High sheriffs of Wicklow 4461:. Gill & Macmillan. 4176:Callanan, Frank (1992). 3573:. Gill & Macmillan. 3335:The Films of Clark Gable 3244:. Scribner. p. 188. 3216:, pp. 459–461, 604. 3080:Lyons, F. S. L. (1973). 2297: 2250:The Irish rebel song by 1854:Rathdrum, County Wicklow 1687:nonconformist conscience 1505:Lord Frederick Cavendish 1403:, which at the time was 1331:Irish Home Rule Movement 1121:Lord Frederick Cavendish 754:, from 1880 until 1891. 735:, as a Home Rule League 283:Cause of death 4785:Charles Stewart Parnell 4766:Charles Stewart Parnell 4459:Charles Stewart Parnell 4201:Encyclopædia Britannica 4134:Charles Stewart Parnell 3834:Maume, Patrick (1999). 3620:Jackson, Alvin (2003). 3378:Roberts, Jerry (2009). 3363:Gregory, Chris (1997). 2957:University College Cork 2389:University College Cork 2378:MPs voting against him. 1536:Special Commission 1890 1499:of the newly appointed 1424:Lord Randolph Churchill 719:Rise to political power 691:High Sheriff of Wicklow 638:(where his grandfather 578:(the stepson of one of 563:(1811–1859), a wealthy 421:Charles Stewart Parnell 246:Charles Stewart Parnell 36:Charles Stewart Parnell 4650:Nicholas Daniel Murphy 4155:Parnell in Perspective 4138:. Gill and Macmillan. 3814:Gladstone: A Biography 3655:The Laurel and the Ivy 3511:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 3478:Collins, M.E. (2008). 3451:. Gill and Macmillan. 3409:10.1093/ref:odnb/21384 3086:The Historical Journal 2278: 2240:Death and Nightingales 2188:Parnell was played by 2136:, first serialised in 2057: 1997: 1935:Trinity College Dublin 1874:Augustus Saint Gaudens 1864:. At the north end of 1818: 1806: 1592: 1541: 1451:Liberal Unionist Party 1443:Irish Disestablishment 1359: 1254: 1207: 1097: 1087:Frankenstein's monster 977: 907: 644:United States Congress 572:Bordentown, New Jersey 381:Anna Catherine Parnell 278:, East Sussex, England 170:Nicholas Daniel Murphy 18:Charles Stuart Parnell 4776:Irish National League 4093:Tindall, William York 3975:10.1353/eir.1995.0059 2902:Birmingham Daily Post 2802:on 28 September 2011. 2269:and truly persecuted, 2260: 2040: 1987: 1950:Clerkenwell explosion 1914:, the Roman Catholic 1812: 1804: 1659:Irish National League 1578: 1545:Commission of Enquiry 1521: 1447:1886 general election 1342: 1319:Protestant Ascendancy 1252: 1212:Irish National League 1201: 1114:Phoenix Park killings 1095:Phoenix Park killings 1093:, in the wake of the 1089:to Charles Parnell's 1079: 987:were defeated by the 963: 894: 885:Westport, County Mayo 760:Fenians in Manchester 519:Phoenix Park killings 517:, linking him to the 499:'s Liberal Party and 472:He was imprisoned in 453:landowning family in 446:Born into a powerful 4947:Home Rule League MPs 4942:Home rule in Ireland 4447:6 March 2016 at the 4312:Irish Studies Review 3915:O'Day, Alan (1998). 3653:Kee, Robert (1994). 3333:Essoe, Gabe (1970). 2117:Antony and Cleopatra 2100:William Butler Yeats 2060:Portrayal in fiction 1773:when its proprietor 1632:a Galway by-election 1394:Irish Unionist Party 1346:Grattan's parliament 1164:improve this article 797:Frank Hugh O'Donnell 596:Grattan's Parliament 592:Viscount Powerscourt 588:British royal family 187:Member of Parliament 142:Member of Parliament 4566:The Parnell Society 4268:28 May 2016 at the 3350:Launder and Gilliat 3139:Rose, Paul (1970). 3049:, pp. 456–457. 2977:, pp. 600–602. 2915:Oldstone-Moore 1995 2796:The Parnell Society 2571:, pp. 382–385. 2173:The Tenants of Time 2107:W. Somerset Maugham 1961:". Speaking in the 1943:John O'Connor Power 1813:Parnell's grave in 1477:who as recently as 943:Rutherford B. Hayes 933:to raise funds for 781:John O'Connor Power 689:In 1874, he became 672:John Howard Parnell 393:John Howard Parnell 4640:Robert Henry Metge 4627:Robert Henry Metge 4403:Historical Journal 4367:, (Penguin, 1972) 3715:. Dublin: Fallon. 3679:. Atlantic Books. 3424:Bew, Paul (2011). 2929:, p. 390–394. 2917:, pp. 94–110. 2121:Tristan and Isolde 2007:absentee landlords 1998: 1918:, until Parnell's 1831:Glasnevin Cemetery 1819: 1815:Glasnevin Cemetery 1807: 1756:bishop of Limerick 1726:Undaunted defiance 1617:Political downfall 1593: 1527:Yours very truly, 1509:Thomas Henry Burke 1495:of supporting the 1475:Joseph Chamberlain 1363:Joseph Chamberlain 1356:, pp. 382–385 1325:Push for home rule 1255: 1224:Timothy Harrington 1208: 1136:Party restructured 1098: 910:Land League leader 864:was followed by a 561:John Henry Parnell 505:Conservative Party 364:John Henry Parnell 297:Glasnevin Cemetery 80:Office established 4904: 4903: 4896:Roderick O'Connor 4737:Nationalist Party 4703: 4702: 4690:Succeeded by 4633:Succeeded by 4617:1875–1880 4529:978-1-1778-8693-2 4215:(Macmillan, 2007) 4145:978-0-7171-1886-1 4110:978-0-8156-0385-6 4072:978-0-2411-0486-6 4014:978-0-2978-1713-0 3928:978-0-7190-3776-4 3921:. Manchester UP. 3880:978-1-1397-8926-4 3847:978-0-7171-2744-3 3791:978-1-9045-5860-6 3734:Victorian Studies 3686:978-1-8435-4486-9 3633:978-0-1952-2048-3 3605:Parnell to Pearse 3580:978-0-7171-2520-3 3547:978-0-5200-6745-5 3526:978-0-1401-3250-2 3519:. Penguin Books. 3489:978-1-8453-6003-0 3458:978-0-7171-1620-1 3437:978-0-7171-5193-6 3415:(Subscription or 2815:, pp. 85–86. 2631:, pp. 50–53. 2207:in the 1947 film 1955:Church of Ireland 1908:Charles Bradlaugh 1775:Edmund Dwyer-Gray 1771:Freeman's Journal 1586:Irish Australians 1571:Pinnacle of power 1196: 1195: 1188: 1110:Kilmainham Treaty 1066:No Rent Manifesto 1039:Kilmainham Treaty 1023:, establishing a 993:William Gladstone 817:Kilmainham Treaty 789:Edmund Dwyer-Gray 697:(commissioned as 656:Irish Nationalism 648:Church of Ireland 580:George Washington 497:William Gladstone 425:Irish nationalist 418: 417: 299:, Dublin, Ireland 16:(Redirected from 5069: 5052:UK MPs 1886–1892 5047:UK MPs 1885–1886 5042:UK MPs 1880–1885 5037:UK MPs 1874–1880 4745:Home Rule League 4729: 4722: 4715: 4706: 4705: 4654:William Goulding 4647:Preceded by 4629:from April 1880 4598:Preceded by 4588: 4587: 4554: 4545: 4509:McCarthy, Justin 4505: 4503: 4501: 4480: 4434: 4394: 4386: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4209:English, Richard 4205: 4197: 4185: 4183: 4172: 4170: 4158: 4149: 4137: 4114: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4057:Taylor, A. J. P. 4052: 4050: 4048: 4030: 4028: 4026: 3994: 3957: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3911: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3749: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3668: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3616: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3530: 3493: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3441: 3420: 3412: 3384: 3383: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2960:. Archived from 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2898: 2892: 2884: 2878: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2798:. 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Parnell. 1485:Pigott forgeries 1432:Home Rule Speech 1357: 1202:Another hostile 1191: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1148: 1140: 975: 955:Daniel O'Connell 905: 795:from 1877), and 725:House of Commons 708:Home Rule League 680:Irish Parnellite 609:The Parnells of 600:Sir John Parnell 463:Home Rule League 441:House of Commons 433:Home Rule League 342: 340: 336: 326:Katharine O'Shea 313:Home Rule League 272: 255: 253: 237:Personal details 223: 211: 202: 178: 166: 157: 135:Office abolished 131: 119: 110: 100:Home Rule League 88: 76: 67: 46: 32: 31: 21: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5066: 4952:Irish Anglicans 4907: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4878:James McSparran 4851: 4820: 4810:Justin McCarthy 4795: 4770: 4739: 4735:Leaders of the 4733: 4699: 4695: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4665: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4638: 4625: 4618: 4616: 4607: 4603: 4562: 4557: 4538:History Ireland 4531: 4499: 4497: 4490:Chicago Tribune 4469: 4455:Lyons, F. S. L. 4449:Wayback Machine 4438:Lyons, F. S. L. 4399:Lyons, F. S. L. 4341: 4339: 4291: 4289: 4276:Harrison, Henry 4270:Wayback Machine 4248: 4246: 4146: 4122: 4120:Further reading 4117: 4111: 4082: 4080: 4073: 4065:. H. Hamilton. 4046: 4044: 4024: 4022: 4015: 3999:Roberts, Andrew 3938: 3936: 3929: 3890: 3888: 3881: 3857: 3855: 3848: 3824: 3822: 3801: 3799: 3792: 3768: 3766: 3759:History Ireland 3722: 3720: 3696: 3694: 3687: 3665: 3643: 3641: 3634: 3601:Horgan, John J. 3590: 3588: 3581: 3557: 3555: 3548: 3527: 3490: 3468: 3466: 3459: 3438: 3414: 3392: 3387: 3376: 3372: 3361: 3357: 3346: 3342: 3331: 3327: 3316: 3312: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3268: 3264: 3253: 3249: 3238: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2534: 2523: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2428: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2400: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2369: 2344: 2340: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2237:The 1992 novel 2210:Captain Boycott 2169:Thomas Flanagan 2092: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2032:A. J. P. Taylor 1982: 1916:Bishop of Meath 1896: 1850:Horace Plunkett 1799: 1732:United Irishman 1728: 1716:hung Parliament 1703:Justin McCarthy 1695: 1624: 1619: 1573: 1540: 1534: 1487: 1413:Lord Hartington 1358: 1352: 1333: 1327: 1240:Irish Land Acts 1228:William O'Brien 1192: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1161: 1149: 1138: 1118:Chief Secretary 1061:Kilmainham Gaol 1049:William O'Brien 1041: 1025:Land Commission 976: 970: 912: 906: 900: 837: 721: 695:Wicklow Militia 576:Charles Stewart 553: 489:hung parliament 474:Kilmainham Gaol 398: 369: 344: 332: 328: 311: 304:Political party 274: 270: 257: 251: 249: 248: 247: 221: 209: 203: 198: 189: 176: 164: 158: 153: 144: 129: 117: 111: 106: 86: 74: 68: 63: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5075: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5007:Parnellite MPs 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4872:T. J. Campbell 4868: 4861: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4830: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4805: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4787: 4780: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4732: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4700: 4691: 4688: 4657: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4634: 4631: 4622:Nicholas Ennis 4608: 4605:Nicholas Ennis 4599: 4595: 4594: 4586: 4585: 4574: 4569: 4561: 4560:External links 4558: 4556: 4555: 4546: 4533: 4506: 4481: 4467: 4451: 4435: 4409:(4): 749–775. 4395: 4381:, ed. (1896). 4375: 4365:The Green Flag 4358: 4348: 4318:(4): 472–492. 4303: 4272: 4257:Foster, R. F. 4255: 4226: 4220:History Review 4216: 4206: 4192:, ed. (1911). 4190:Chisholm, Hugh 4186: 4173: 4159: 4150: 4144: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4109: 4089: 4071: 4053: 4031: 4013: 3995: 3958: 3945: 3927: 3912: 3897: 3879: 3864: 3846: 3831: 3808: 3790: 3775: 3750: 3740:(4): 315–336. 3729: 3707:Kettle, Andrew 3703: 3685: 3670: 3663: 3650: 3632: 3617: 3597: 3579: 3564: 3546: 3531: 3525: 3507: 3488: 3475: 3457: 3442: 3436: 3430:. Gill Books. 3421: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3370: 3355: 3340: 3325: 3310: 3289: 3287:, p. 172. 3277: 3262: 3247: 3232: 3218: 3206: 3194: 3192:, p. 357. 3182: 3180:, p. 615. 3170: 3158: 3146: 3131: 3092:(4): 749–775. 3072: 3063: 3061:, p. 137. 3051: 3039: 3037:, p. 161. 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2964:on 2 May 2006. 2943: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2893: 2888:The Daily News 2879: 2865: 2853: 2841: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2696: 2684: 2669: 2657: 2645: 2643:, p. 415. 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2573: 2532: 2517: 2491: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2417:Finnegans Wake 2408: 2398: 2380: 2367: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2282: 2279: 2261: 2161:Finnegans Wake 2083:Virginia Woolf 2068:'s 1892 novel 2061: 2058: 2048: 2016:F. S. L. Lyons 1994:Parnell Street 1981: 1978: 1920:divorce crisis 1895: 1892: 1862:Parnell Square 1858:Parnell Street 1798: 1795: 1752:Edward O'Dwyer 1736:North Kilkenny 1727: 1724: 1694: 1691: 1628:William O'Shea 1623: 1622:Divorce crisis 1620: 1618: 1615: 1572: 1569: 1557:Lord Salisbury 1549:Richard Pigott 1532: 1511:, in Dublin's 1486: 1483: 1382:Lord Salisbury 1350: 1329:Main article: 1326: 1323: 1263:Henry Campbell 1232:United Ireland 1226:as Secretary, 1194: 1193: 1152: 1150: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1102:William O'Shea 1053:Willie Redmond 1045:United Ireland 1040: 1037: 1017:dual ownership 968: 911: 908: 898: 861:Michael Davitt 855:organisation, 836: 833: 805:obstructionism 768:physical force 720: 717: 619:Thomas Parnell 557:Avondale House 552: 549: 545:Parnell Street 541:Parnell Square 530:Nonconformists 523:Richard Pigott 501:Lord Salisbury 455:County Wicklow 416: 415: 412: 411: 406: 400: 399: 397: 396: 390: 384: 377: 375: 371: 370: 368: 367: 360: 358: 354: 353: 350: 346: 345: 330: 324: 323: 321: 317: 316: 305: 301: 300: 294: 290: 289: 284: 280: 279: 273:(aged 45) 269:6 October 1891 267: 263: 262: 245: 243: 239: 238: 234: 233: 230: 229: 224: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 195: 194: 183: 182: 179: 173: 172: 167: 161: 160: 150: 149: 138: 137: 132: 126: 125: 120: 114: 113: 103: 102: 98:Leader of the 95: 94: 89: 83: 82: 77: 71: 70: 60: 59: 55:Leader of the 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5074: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4897: 4893: 4891: 4890:Eddie McAteer 4887: 4885: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4730: 4725: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4698: 4697:Maurice Healy 4694: 4693:Martin Flavin 4687: 4685: 4684:Maurice Healy 4680: 4675: 4669:–1891 4668: 4664: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4630: 4628: 4624:to April 1880 4623: 4615: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4507: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4468:0-0021-1682-0 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4373:0-1402-9165-2 4370: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4287: 4284:. Constable. 4283: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4235:History Today 4232: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4174: 4169: 4167: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4136: 4135: 4129: 4125: 4124: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3969:(4): 94–110. 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3904: 3898: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3865: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3832: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3809: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3776: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3671: 3666: 3664:0-1402-3962-6 3660: 3656: 3651: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3565: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3381: 3374: 3366: 3359: 3351: 3344: 3336: 3329: 3321: 3314: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3273: 3266: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3236: 3228: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3204:, p. 91. 3203: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3179: 3174: 3167: 3162: 3156:, p. 69. 3155: 3150: 3142: 3135: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3035:O'Beirne 2012 3031: 3024: 3019: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2989:, p. 50. 2988: 2983: 2976: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2916: 2911: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2875: 2869: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2827:, p. 87. 2826: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2781:, p. 80. 2780: 2775: 2769:, p. 66. 2768: 2763: 2757:, p. 79. 2756: 2751: 2745:, p. 63. 2744: 2739: 2733:, p. 65. 2732: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2709:, p. 56. 2708: 2703: 2701: 2694:, p. 54. 2693: 2688: 2682:, p. 60. 2681: 2676: 2674: 2667:, p. 53. 2666: 2661: 2655:, p. 77. 2654: 2649: 2642: 2637: 2630: 2625: 2619:, p. 45. 2618: 2613: 2607:, p. 48. 2606: 2601: 2595:, p. 42. 2594: 2589: 2583:, p. 45. 2582: 2577: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2521: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2402: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2362: 2336: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2276: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2252:Dominic Behan 2248: 2246: 2245:Eugene McCabe 2242: 2241: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2221: 2220:You Are There 2216: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2054:, p. 616 2053: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024:H. H. Asquith 2019: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1977: 1975: 1974:Andrew Kettle 1970: 1968: 1967:in Manchester 1964: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1891: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1811: 1803: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767:County Carlow 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1693:Party divides 1690: 1688: 1684: 1683:Nonconformist 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1465:, Liverpool, 1464: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1409:Hawarden Kite 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1355: 1349: 1347: 1341: 1339: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1289: 1288:1885 election 1285: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1205: 1200: 1190: 1187: 1179: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1153:This section 1151: 1147: 1142: 1141: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1036: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 989:Liberal Party 986: 985:Conservatives 982: 974:, p. 186 973: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:Timothy Healy 936: 935:famine relief 932: 927: 925: 924:Andrew Kettle 921: 917: 903: 897: 893: 890: 886: 882: 878: 873: 871: 870:New Departure 867: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849:J. J. O'Kelly 846: 842: 835:New departure 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773:Joseph Biggar 769: 765: 761: 755: 753: 749: 745: 742: 738: 734: 730: 729:a by-election 726: 716: 714: 709: 705: 700: 696: 692: 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 664:County Armagh 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 566: 562: 558: 548: 546: 542: 538: 533: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 515: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 467:Liberal Party 464: 460: 456: 452: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 413: 410: 407: 405: 401: 394: 391: 388: 387:Fanny Parnell 385: 382: 379: 378: 376: 372: 365: 362: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 327: 322: 318: 314: 309: 306: 302: 298: 295: 293:Resting place 291: 288: 285: 281: 277: 268: 264: 260: 244: 240: 235: 231: 228: 225: 219: 216: 213: 207: 201: 196: 193: 188: 184: 181:Martin Flavin 180: 174: 171: 168: 162: 156: 151: 148: 143: 139: 136: 133: 127: 124: 121: 115: 109: 104: 101: 96: 93: 90: 84: 81: 78: 72: 66: 61: 58: 53: 49: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 4835:John Redmond 4791:John Redmond 4784: 4765: 4760:William Shaw 4672: 4659: 4620: 4610: 4576: 4550: 4541: 4537: 4512: 4498:. Retrieved 4489: 4458: 4440: 4406: 4402: 4388: 4364: 4354: 4351:León Ó Broin 4340:. Retrieved 4315: 4311: 4290:. Retrieved 4280: 4258: 4247:. Retrieved 4238: 4234: 4222:(Dec. 2003) 4219: 4212: 4199: 4179: 4165: 4154: 4133: 4096: 4081:. Retrieved 4061: 4045:. Retrieved 4035: 4023:. Retrieved 4003: 3966: 3963:Éire-Ireland 3962: 3953: 3950:Eire-Ireland 3949: 3937:. Retrieved 3917: 3902: 3889:. Retrieved 3869: 3856:. Retrieved 3836: 3823:. Retrieved 3813: 3800:. Retrieved 3780: 3767:. Retrieved 3758: 3737: 3733: 3721:. Retrieved 3711: 3695:. Retrieved 3675: 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3622: 3604: 3589:. Retrieved 3569: 3556:. Retrieved 3536: 3515: 3504:Higher Level 3479: 3467:. Retrieved 3447: 3426: 3398: 3379: 3373: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3343: 3334: 3328: 3319: 3313: 3302: 3292: 3280: 3271: 3265: 3256: 3250: 3241: 3235: 3226: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3190:O'Brien 1898 3185: 3173: 3161: 3149: 3140: 3134: 3124:23 September 3122:. Retrieved 3089: 3085: 3075: 3066: 3059:O'Brien 1898 3054: 3047:Roberts 1999 3042: 3030: 3018: 3006: 2999:O'Keefe 1984 2994: 2982: 2970: 2962:the original 2955: 2946: 2934: 2922: 2910: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2825:Jackson 2003 2820: 2813:Jackson 2003 2808: 2800:the original 2795: 2786: 2779:Collins 2008 2774: 2767:Jackson 2003 2762: 2755:Collins 2008 2750: 2743:Jackson 2003 2738: 2731:Collins 2008 2726: 2721:, p. 8. 2714: 2707:Jackson 2003 2692:Jackson 2003 2687: 2680:Collins 2008 2665:Jackson 2003 2660: 2648: 2636: 2629:Collins 2008 2624: 2617:Collins 2008 2612: 2605:Jackson 2003 2600: 2593:Jackson 2003 2588: 2581:Jackson 2003 2576: 2526: 2520: 2508:. Retrieved 2494: 2422:Tindall 1996 2415: 2411: 2401: 2383: 2375: 2370: 2306: 2262: 2249: 2238: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2218: 2208: 2205:Robert Donat 2193: 2187: 2180: 2172: 2166: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2086: 2080: 2069: 2063: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2028:Lord Haldane 2020: 2012: 1999: 1971: 1947: 1938: 1924: 1912:Thomas Nulty 1906:and atheist 1901: 1897: 1885: 1878: 1870:John Redmond 1844:His brother 1843: 1820: 1770: 1764: 1748: 1731: 1729: 1708:John Redmond 1700: 1696: 1680: 1656: 1652: 1625: 1602: 1594: 1579: 1563: 1561: 1542: 1538:, p. 58 1529: 1526: 1522: 1513:Phoenix Park 1490: 1488: 1456: 1436: 1427: 1417: 1398: 1390:Orange Order 1378:Conservative 1375: 1360: 1343: 1334: 1315:Conservative 1305:and others, 1292: 1272: 1256: 1231: 1220: 1216: 1209: 1203: 1182: 1173: 1162:Please help 1157:verification 1154: 1107: 1099: 1091:Frankenstein 1081: 1064: 1057:Coercion Act 1044: 1042: 1032:R. F. Foster 1029: 1016: 1009: 978: 964: 928: 913: 904:, p. 47 902:Collins 2008 895: 874: 853:Clan na Gael 845:John O'Leary 838: 829:William Shaw 820: 813: 779:from 1874), 756: 744:Patrick Egan 739:, backed by 722: 688: 660: 608: 604:Act of Union 554: 534: 527: 512: 486: 471: 445: 420: 419: 271:(1891-10-06) 256:27 June 1846 222:Succeeded by 199: 177:Succeeded by 154: 134: 130:Succeeded by 123:William Shaw 107: 92:John Redmond 87:Succeeded by 79: 64: 29: 4922:1891 deaths 4917:1846 births 4884:Joe Stewart 4841:John Dillon 4816:John Dillon 4601:John Martin 4581:1803–2005: 4544:(3): 30–33. 4379:Lee, Sidney 4361:Kee, Robert 3202:Taylor 1980 3154:Kettle 1958 3023:Lawlor 2010 2987:Horgan 1948 2927:Magnus 1960 2641:Foster 1988 2510:15 November 2213:. In 1954, 2198:, the 1937 2190:Clark Gable 2128:James Joyce 2066:Knut Hamsun 2003:Anglo-Irish 1931:Old Library 1846:John Howard 1783:Castlecomer 1744:North Sligo 1676:Larkin 1961 1268:Westminster 1259:Westminster 1244:Anglo-Irish 1129:Invincibles 1125:T. H. Burke 1071:rent strike 959:landlordism 931:John Dillon 920:land reform 889:land reform 877:Ballinasloe 785:County Mayo 748:John Martin 636:War of 1812 565:Anglo-Irish 448:Anglo-Irish 315:(1880–1882) 310:(1882–1891) 215:John Martin 210:Preceded by 165:Preceded by 118:Preceded by 75:Preceded by 4911:Categories 4866:Joe Devlin 4847:Joe Devlin 4754:Isaac Butt 4686:from 1884 4679:John Deasy 4521:Nabu Press 4300:Lyons 1973 3956:(1): 6–25. 3906:. p. 3817:. Dutton. 3613:B001A4900Q 3469:19 October 3419:required.) 3214:Lyons 1973 3178:Lyons 1973 2975:Lyons 1973 2861:Kehoe 2008 2849:Kehoe 2008 2837:Boyce 1990 2719:Maume 1999 2653:O'Day 1998 2432:References 2228:Trevor Eve 2139:The Egoist 2052:Lyons 1973 1904:republican 1837:of unhewn 1835:gravestone 1610:Kilmainham 1471:Birmingham 1467:Manchester 1463:Lancashire 1426:declared, 1299:Protestant 1030:Historian 972:Lyons 1973 857:John Devoy 827:-oriented 809:Isaac Butt 704:Isaac Butt 699:Lieutenant 678:(later an 551:Early life 451:Protestant 404:Alma mater 252:1846-06-27 4681:1882–1884 4676:1880–1882 4674:John Daly 4662:Cork City 4431:153781140 4342:30 August 4332:149234858 4128:Bew, Paul 3991:159212205 3983:1550-5162 3891:30 August 3494:Text for 3114:153781140 2226:In 1991, 2177:Leon Uris 2175:, and in 2149:Dubliners 2088:The Years 2085:'s novel 2076:Gladstone 2071:Mysteries 1922:in 1889. 1817:in Dublin 1779:quicklime 1590:Home Rule 1564:The Times 1492:The Times 1386:Unionists 1236:Tim Healy 1176:June 2017 997:Cork City 801:Dungarvan 793:Tipperary 766:(IRB), a 752:Cork City 652:unionists 615:Congleton 514:The Times 509:Home Rule 395:(brother) 374:Relatives 287:Pneumonia 200:In office 155:In office 147:Cork City 108:In office 65:In office 4523:, 2010, 4494:Archived 4477:4611072M 4457:(1977). 4445:Archived 4336:Archived 4286:Archived 4278:(1931). 4266:Archived 4243:Archived 4130:(1980). 4095:(1996). 4077:Archived 4059:(1980). 4041:Archived 4019:Archived 4001:(1999). 3933:Archived 3885:Archived 3852:Archived 3819:Archived 3796:Archived 3763:Archived 3717:Archived 3691:Archived 3638:Archived 3603:(1948). 3585:Archived 3552:Archived 3513:(1988). 3500:Ordinary 3463:Archived 3166:Bew 2011 3118:Archived 2939:Kee 1994 2504:Archived 2487:Bew 2004 2393:Colorado 2281:See also 2049:— 1996:, Dublin 1827:Anglican 1760:Brighton 1648:Brockley 1605:Hawarden 1533:— 1351:— 1303:landlord 1295:Catholic 969:— 899:— 866:telegram 799:(MP for 791:(MP for 783:(MP for 775:(MP for 611:Avondale 568:Anglican 389:(sister) 383:(sister) 366:(father) 349:Children 259:Avondale 4578:Hansard 4568:website 4553:. Lang. 4500:26 June 4443:(1960) 4423:2638281 4355:Parnell 4292:25 June 4263:excerpt 4261:(2015) 4025:26 June 3858:26 June 3746:3825041 3723:26 June 3697:26 June 3644:25 June 3558:25 June 3390:Sources 3106:2638281 2195:Parnell 2182:Trinity 2155:Ulysses 1957:being " 1939:Parnell 1881:Ivy Day 1839:Wicklow 1311:Liberal 1261:, with 1116:of the 1019:in the 1013:boycott 951:Toronto 676:Alabama 627:Wicklow 537:Ivy Day 343: 331: 4894:1969: 4888:1964: 4882:1958: 4876:1945: 4870:1934: 4864:1922: 4845:1918: 4839:1918: 4833:1900: 4814:1896: 4808:1891: 4789:1891: 4783:1882: 4764:1880: 4758:1879: 4752:1873: 4671:With: 4619:With: 4527: 4475: 4465: 4429: 4421: 4371: 4330: 4249:30 May 4224:online 4168: 4142: 4107: 4083:5 July 4069: 4047:30 May 4011: 3989: 3981: 3939:5 July 3925: 3877: 3844: 3825:30 May 3802:30 May 3788: 3769:8 June 3744: 3683: 3661: 3630: 3611: 3591:30 May 3577: 3544: 3523: 3486: 3455: 3434: 3413: 3112: 3104: 2093: 1980:Legacy 1791:Creggs 1740:Fenian 1644:Eltham 1636:Galway 1553:Madrid 1401:Norway 1388:. 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