627:. The Reform Act had increased from 220,000 to 500,000 the number of Irishmen who had a right to vote, many of whom were small farmers. The election increased the total Irish Party representation from 63 to 85 seats, which included seventeen in Ulster. In January 1886 the INL had developed to 1,262 branches and could claim to contain the vast body of Irish Catholic public sentiment. It acted not merely as an electoral committee for the Irish Party, but as local law-giver, unofficial parliament, government, police and supreme court. Parnell's personal authority in the organisation was enormous. The INL was a formidable political machine built in the traditional political culture of rural Ireland. It was an alliance of tenant farmers, shopkeepers and publicans. No one could stand against it.
568:(INL). It combined moderate agrarianism, a Home Rule programme with electoral functions. It was hierarchical and autocratic in structure with Parnell wielding immense authority and direct parliamentary control. Parliamentary constitutionalism was the future path. The informal alliance between the new, tightly disciplined National League and the Catholic Church was one of the main factors for the revitalisation of the national Home Rule cause after 1882. Parnell saw that the explicit endorsement of Catholicism was of vital importance to the success of this venture. At the end of 1882 the organisation already had 232 branches, in 1885 increased to 592 branches. He left the day-to-day running of the League in the hands of his lieutenants
1645:, the moderate Home Rule party was effectively airbrushed out of official Irish history, but it left its mark in politics on both sides of the border. The new Sinn Féin party that emerged in 1917 was heavily influenced by its Home Rule predecessors. Perhaps obliviously Sinn Féiners adopted and adapted the tactics of their Home Rule opponents, and soon beat the Redmondites at their own game. They quickly came to represent and cherish old local customs associated with the Home Rule party, absorbing their habits and skills and passing them on to its successors, Cumann na nGaedheal/Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil.
1753:
436:" during 1876–1877, to bring Westminster out of its complacency towards Ireland by proposing amendments to almost every bill and making lengthy overnight speeches. This did not bring Home Rule closer, but helped to revitalise the Irish party. Butt considered obstructionism a threat to democracy; in practice, its greatest achievement was to help bring Parnell to the fore of the political scene. An internal struggle began between Butt's majority and Parnell's minority leading to a rift in the party; Parnell determined to obtain control of the Home Rule League.
27:
538:
97:
1780:
1664:, had scarcely started to function before, almost unconsciously, it began to utilise and to build upon the constitutional tradition it had inherited. This is perhaps the highest tribute that can deservedly be bestowed upon the old Irish Parliamentary Party, which during fifty years of hard and exacting as well as frustrating parliamentary labours, established and fostered the development of representative institutions which gave stimulus to democratic action and discussion at every level of political involvement.
1699:
890:, they campaigned against O'Brien, ferociously attacking him for putting Land Purchase and Conciliation before Home Rule. O'Brien's appeal to Redmond to suppress their opposition went unheeded. After stating that he was making no headway with his policy, he resigned his parliamentary seat in November 1903. It was a serious setback for the party, at the same time turning once intimate friends into mortal enemies. O'Brien subsequently engaged during 1904–1905 with the
1828:
1586:
1807:
830:
prime mover and may be truly regarded as an architect of the settlement of 1900 in merging them under a new programme of agrarian agitation, political reform and Home Rule into a new united Irish
Parliamentary Party. Redmond, leader of the smaller INL group, was chosen as its leader mainly due to the personal rivalries between the INF's Anti-Parnellite leaders. After the party returned 77 MPs in the
387:, votes in general election were to be cast in private for the first time. The League put denominational education, land reform and release of political prisoners at the centre of the movement. It had difficulty finding reliable candidates to support its Home Rule issue, though succeeded in winning sixty Irish seats, many with ex-Liberals.
367:, thereby impinging on the powers of the Irish landlords to indiscriminately evict tenant farmers. At first the Catholic hierarchy supported Gladstone supervising Irish affairs, hoping to gain financial aid for a Catholic University. But his educational programme of 1873 did not provide for a denominational university.
490:, sixty-four Home Rulers were elected, twenty-seven Parnell supporters, facilitating in May his nomination as leader of a divided Home Rule Party and of a country on the brink of a land war. He immediately understood that supporting land agitation was a means to achieving his objective of self-government. The
1391:
seats. Unionist (including
Unionist Labour) votes were 305,206 (30.2%) – by which Unionists increased their representation from 19 to 26 seats. The Irish Party leader Dillon lost his seat and the party was dissolved. The remnants of the IPP later re-established itself with six members to form the
1648:
Constitutional Irish nationalism was seemingly triumphant in 1912, then apparently destroyed in 1916, but it revived and remarkably—was consolidated under the leadership of former republican rebels, who had rejected moderate political approaches a few years earlier. The Home Rule bill of 1912 was not
1386:
founded in 1912 did not participate). In the past the IPP only faced opposition from candidates at conventions within the Home Rule movement. It never had to compete a nationwide election, so that the party branches and organisation had slowly declined. In most constituencies the new young local Sinn
1232:
When the war situation worsened, a new
Conservative-Liberal coalition government was formed in May 1915. Redmond was offered a seat in its cabinet, which he declined. This was welcomed in Ireland but greatly weakened his position after his rival, unionist leader Carson accepted a cabinet post. As the
707:
The Irish Party retained 85 seats and, in the years up to 1889, centred itself around the formidable figure of
Parnell, who continued to pursue Home Rule, striving to reassure English voters that it would be of no threat to them. During that period, the National League was out of contact with him and
1726:
988:
abolished the old landlord-dominated Grand Juries and replaced them by forty-nine county, urban and rural district councils, managed by Irish people for the administration of local affairs. The councils were very popular in
Ireland as they established a political class, who showed themselves capable
956:
and D. D. Sheehan. Proposals to reunite the party were made by
Redmond and a meeting summoned for the Mansion House, Dublin in April 1908. O'Brien and others rejoined the party temporarily for the sake of unity. But on his demand for further treasury funding for land purchase, O'Brien was ultimately
829:
in 1899 was condemned by both Irish factions; their combined opposition helped to bring about a measure of understanding between them. By 1900 the threat of O'Brien swamping and outmanoeuvring them at the upcoming elections forced the two divided parties, the INL and the INF, to re-unite. He was the
607:
attend parliament, long before other MPs first received state pay in 1911. The profiles of the 105 Irish MPs had changed considerably since 1868 when 69% were landlords or the sons of landlords, reduced to 47% by 1874. Those with professional backgrounds increased from 10% to 23% in the same period,
1292:
In sharp contrast to
Parnell, John Redmond lacked charisma. He worked well in small committees, but had little success in arousing large audiences. Parnell always chose the nominees to Parliament. Now they were selected by the local party organisations, giving Redmond numerous weak MPs over whom he
1264:
dealt with its leaders won sympathy for their cause. A total of 16 were shot within weeks of the Rising and another hanged several weeks later. The Rising began the decline of constitutional nationalism as represented by the IPP and the ascent of a more radical separatist form of Irish nationalism.
932:
through parliament, which provided large-scale government funding for a programme of extensive rural social housing. In the following five years over 40,000 labourer owned cottages standing on an acre of land and purchases at low annual annuities, were erected by Local County
Councils. The Act, and
1652:
Perhaps the greatest achievement of the IPP was the introduction to Irish society of a parliamentary constitutional tradition and all that went with it — a fully up-and-running local government administration with its diverse institutions, which had rooted itself more deeply than anyone could have
808:
approach to settling the Irish
Question they enacted many important reforms introduced by the Irish members, who, on the other hand, made no effort to settle their party differences. This bred apathy amongst the Irish public towards politics, much needed financial contributions from America ebbing
1224:
Around 24,000 of the
National Volunteers did enlist but the remainder, or about 80% did not. Moreover, the organisation declined due to lack of training and organisation as the war went on. "The resulting collapse of the National Volunteers presaged that of the Irish Party itself, though this was
762:
Parnell worked untiringly between Ireland and Britain making speeches for support which he actually got from the (IRB) Fenians who rallied to him. He was married in June 1891 to Mrs O'Shea. After an election tour in the west of Ireland, his health deteriorated seriously, and he died in October in
1390:
The Party lost 78 of its 84 seats. This was due to the "first past the post" British electoral system. Votes cast for the IPP were 220,837 (21.7%) for merely 6 seats (down from 84 out of 105 seats in 1910). Sinn FĂ©in votes were 476,087 (or 46.9%) for 48 seats, plus 25 uncontested totalling an 73
1090:
This prospect after 40 years of struggle was greeted optimistically, even when self-government was initially limited to running Irish affairs. But for Unionists, convinced the Union with the United Kingdom was economically best for Ireland, and for Protestants, now that Devlin's paramilitary AOH
1114:(IRB). The Volunteers had 180,000 members by May 1914. Redmond, worried by the growth of nationalist mass movement outside the Party, quickly tried to take control of the Volunteers. He demanded and was given a position on its leadership council and rapidly filled its ranks with IPP supporters.
400:
After the 1874 general election, forty-six members assembled in Dublin and organised themselves into a separate Irish parliamentary party in the Commons. The political outlook appeared encouraging at first, but the party was unable to achieve anything, the Liberals and Gladstone having lost the
875:
The masterful strategy adopted by William O'Brien of bringing about agreement on land purchase between tenants and landlords under the Act, may almost be said to have been too great a success as it resulted in a rush of landlords to sell and of tenants to buy. Dillon, the deputy party leader,
594:
Parnell's new Irish Parliamentary Party emerged swiftly as a tightly disciplined—one author described it as "a regiment led by C. S. Parnell and by Michael Davitt" and on the whole, energetic body of parliamentarians with strict rules. The inauguration of the "party pledge" in 1884 decisively
788:
in 1893. It was master-handled through three readings of the Commons by William O'Brien and passed in September by 301 votes to 267, during which Unionist conventions called in Dublin and Belfast to oppose the bill, denounced the possibility of partition. A week later 419 peers in the
374:
adopted educational issues and land reform into its programme, the hierarchy then favouring a Dublin-based parliament. The increasing Catholic numbers within the association frightened off its Protestant, landlord element. The association was dissolved and Butt replaced it with the
812:
The unresolved land reform situation was again the mainspring for renewed political activity. William O'Brien had withdrawn from parliament to Mayo and in 1898, driven by the plight of the farming community's need for more land, formed together with Davitt a new land movement, the
759:(INF). By-elections in 1891 were fought with bitter venom by the INF anti-Parnellites, Dillon and Healy making extremely personal attacks on Parnell. The INF was also supported by the Catholic clergy who went to aggressive extremes to ensure that INF candidates were returned.
924:
saw the Liberals back in power with 379 seats, an overwhelming majority of 88 over all other parties, after they had promised Home Rule. Redmond's IPP now with 82 seats, at first delighted until the Liberals backed down on Home Rule, knowing it had no chance in the Lords.
1229:, Mathew Nathan, writing in November 1915, thought that Redmond's stance on the War ultimately cost him and his party their pre-eminent position in Irish life, "Redmond has been honestly imperial, but by going as far as he has, he has lost his position in the country."
1221:, and the fact that the division did not have its own specific uniforms, was an unpopular decision. The War Office also reacted with suspicion to Redmond's remark that the Volunteers would soon return as an armed army to oppose Ulster's resistance to Home Rule.
763:
their Brighton home. His funeral in Dublin was attended by 200,000 people. In his speeches he was convinced of an Ireland completely separated from Britain, but was ambiguous, never committing himself nor distancing himself, from the use of physical-force.
1129:
as a "partition deal" after Carson forced through an Amending Bill providing for the exclusion of Ulster, permanent or provisional to be negotiated, which ultimately led to the partition of Ireland. This was deeply resented among northern nationalists and
553:, a truce not dissimilar to truces to follow, marked a critical turning point in Parnell's leadership, though it resulted in losing the support of Devoy's American-Irish. However, his political diplomacy preserved the national Home Rule movement after the
989:
of running Irish affairs. It also stimulated the desire to attain Home Rule and to manage affairs on a national level. A less positive consequence was that the councils were largely dominated by the Irish Party, becoming the wielders of local patronage.
693:. With the Conservatives playing the "Ulster card", and sections of the Liberal faction voting against the bill, Gladstone hinted that eventually a separate solution for Ulster might need to be sought. His observation echoed far into the next century.
478:
in October 1879 Parnell was elected president, but did not take control of it, favouring to continue to hold mass meetings. Isaac Butt died later that year and Parnell held back in grabbing control of the party. Instead he travelled to America with
1351:
of October 1916. The tide then changed after it lost three by-elections in 1917 to the more physical-force republican Sinn FĂ©in movement, which in the meantime had built up 1,500 organised clubs around Ireland and exceeded the strength of the old
1313:. His enthusiastic support for the British war effort alienated many Catholics. His party had been increasingly hollowed out, and the major crises—notably the Easter Rising in 1916 and the Conscription crisis of 1918—were enough to destroy it.
912:(AOH), organising its rise first in Ulster and after he had control of the UIL, eventually across the south, largely displacing the UIL. The Irish Party came to have an increasing dependence on the AOH, though the party's attempts to crush out
1086:
over most matters and limited them to a two-year delaying power, ensuring that Redmond's reward of a Government of Ireland Bill for the whole of Ireland introduced in 1912 would subsequently achieve national self-government in Dublin by 1914.
837:
The UIL, explicitly designed to reconcile the fragmented party, was accepted as the parliamentary nationalists' main support organisation, with which O'Brien intensified his campaign of agrarian agitation. Encouraged by the Chief Secretary
817:(UIL). It quickly spread first in the west, the following year nationwide like the old Land League and attracted members from all factions of the two split parties, O'Brien threatening to displace them and take them both over.
779:
Parnellites won a third of the Home Rule/nationalist votes (18.2% Parnellites v. 58.9% for anti-Parnellites) but only nine seats, the anti-Parnellites returned 72 MPs divided between Dillonites and a fragmented minority of six
615:
with Home Rule, but the Liberals were divided. Parnell then sided with the Conservatives. Gladstone's second government fell, and Lord Salisbury's Conservatives formed an administration. Both parties now courted Parnell.
548:
In April 1882 Parnell moved to make a deal with the government. The settlement involved withdrawing the manifesto and undertaking to move against agrarian crime, seeing militancy would never win Home Rule. The so-called
603:) in western politics. The members were also paid stipends, or expense allowances from party funds, which helped both to increase parliamentary turnout and enabled middle-class members such as William O'Brien or later
862:
through parliament, which enabled tenant farmers to buy out their landlord's land at favourable annuities, while giving the landlords a premium price. The last landlords sold out in the 1920s, thus ending the age-old
809:
away. In this period of political disarray and disunity of purpose young Irish nationalists turned instead to the country's new cultural and militant movements, enabling the Church to fill the political vacuum.
1485:, there was no continuity with the Irish Party at elite level. Many former AOH/IPP followers also lingered on as a pro-Treaty support organisation, some AOH adherents later fought on the Francoist side in the
1208:
counterparts and the Ulster Volunteers who manned it with their own trained military reserve officers, the southern Volunteers possessed no officers with previous military experience with the result that the
740:. Gladstone reacted by informing Parnell that if he were re-elected leader of the Irish Party, Home Rule would be withdrawn. Parnell did not disclose this to his party and was selected leader on 25 November.
295:
up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three
1265:
John Redmond, protesting at the severity of the state's response to the Rising, wrote to Asquith, "if any more executions take place, Ireland will become impossible for any Constitutional Party or leader".
1117:
Redmond and his IPP nationalists, as later those who succeeded them in 1919, had little or no knowledge of Belfast, underestimating Unionist resistance as a bluff, insisting "Ulster will have to follow".
642:
seat in 1885 and retained it in every election until his death in 1929 – even after the demise of the actual party (O'Connor being returned unopposed in the elections of 1918, 1922, 1923, 1924, and 1929).
700:, the result swinging in the other direction. The Conservatives were the largest party and were able to form a minority government with the loose support of the Liberal faction opposed to Home Rule, the
1387:
FĂ©in organisation controlled the electoral scene well in advance of the election. As a result, in 25 constituencies the IPP did not contest the seats, and Sinn FĂ©in candidates were returned unopposed.
1106:
militia to oppose Home Rule. Unionists and the Orange Order in mass demonstrations determined to ensure that Home Rule would not apply for them. Nationalists in turn formed their own armed group, the
1653:
imagined into the life of the country. The party had above all (in the era prior to 1914) contributed in its prime to the political maturity of the nation and to the transformation of its society.
1501:(1922–1928), an enlightened choice to bridge the gap between the old order and the new generation of Cumann na nGaedheal politicians, although highly partisan (his nephew was Minister for Justice
1293:
had little control. Redmond was an excellent representative of the old Ireland, but grew increasingly out-dated as he paid little attention to the new forces attracting younger Irishman, such as
2853:
1122:
who in 1893 worked closely on passing the Second Home Rule Bill, warned to no avail, that if adequate provisions were not made for Ulster, All-Ireland self-government would never be achieved.
474:
of separating militancy from the constitutional movement in order to further its path to Home Rule. Throughout 1879 Parnell continued to campaign for land reform and when Davitt founded the
401:
election. Isaac Butt made some well-received speeches but failed to persuade any of the major parties to support bills beneficial to Ireland, nothing worthwhile reaching the statute books.
1170:
and his party leaders, in order to ensure Home Rule would be implemented after the war, called on the Irish Volunteers to support Britain's war effort (her commitment under the
658:
Early in 1886, Gladstone declared himself in favour of Home Rule. Parnell's party changed sides, allowing Gladstone to form his third government. Gladstone introduced the first
1309:
in cultural affairs. He never tried to understand the forces emerging in Ulster. Redmond was further weakened in 1914 by the formation by Sinn FĂ©in members of the militaristic
843:
1442:
The results, while a triumph for the republicans, showed that the IPP's politics still had a significant constituency across the island. In the North East, and especially in
1252:
in April 1916, launched by the section of the Irish Volunteers who had remained in the original organisation. The Volunteers, infiltrated to a large degree by the separatist
1368:
for the first time (confined to those over thirty) and a vote to every male over twenty-one years of age. This increased the number of voters from 30% to 75% of all adults.
736:
who bore him three children. Her divorce proceedings first came to court late in 1890, in which Parnell was named co-respondent. This was a political scandal for English
681:
from a nationalist parliament in Dublin under their control would impose tariffs on industry. While most of Ireland was primarily agricultural, six of the counties in
961:
in February 1909 by the party's vigorous militant support organisation, Devlin's "Hibernians". After which O'Brien founded his own political party in March 1909, the
784:– the People's Rights Association. Gladstone and the Liberals were again in power, the divided Home Rulers holding the balance of power. He brought in his promised
3663:
2025:
1075:
1481:, a later Taoiseach. The core of this party group was however solidly Sinn FĂ©in, IRB and IRA in background. On the anti-Treaty Sinn FĂ©in side that developed into
933:
the follow-on Birrell Labourers Act of 1911, housed over a quarter of a million rural labourers and their families and thereby transformed the Irish countryside.
2001:
1051:
483:
on a fund raising mission for political purposes and to relieve distress in Ireland after a world economic depression slumped the sale of agricultural produce.
1465:, the political estate of the Irish Party inherited by Sinn FĂ©in evolved into the two nationalist parties of the post-1922 state. On the pro-Treaty side, some
732:) to discuss a renewed Home Rule bill. This was the high point of Parnell's career. However, since 1880 he had had a family relationship with a married woman
3602:
1649:
in itself a dead end. It formed part of the democratic tradition that was adopted a decade later and which has dominated Irish politics to the present day.
650:
holding the balance of power. The Liberals had won 335 seats, but the IPP's 86 seats were enough to keep the 249 Conservatives in power for the time being.
3210:
1260:
and took over much of the centre of Dublin. The rebellion in Dublin was put down in a week of fighting with about 500 deaths. The manner in which British
743:
A special meeting of the party a week later lasted six days at the end of which 45 "anti-Parnellites" walked out, leaving him with 27 faithful followers,
3708:
1125:
The Bill was the centre of intense parliamentary debate and controversy throughout 1913–1914 before it passed its final reading in May, denounced by the
1529:
1268:
Further problems for the party followed Asquith's abortive attempt to introduce Home Rule in July 1916 which failed on the threat of partition. Again
3698:
3093:
2885:
1977:
1953:
1929:
1905:
1881:
1857:
1410:. Their remaining MPs were either still imprisoned or impaired. The UK state did not recognise the Dáil's unilateral existence, which led to the
949:
831:
772:
697:
647:
639:
620:
487:
380:
1560:(son of IPP leader John Dillon). The success of Fianna Fáil prompted the National Centre Party to amalgamate with Cumann na nGaedheal to become
3703:
3658:
1521:
724:
to associate him and his party with crime and violence; he was vindicated in February 1890. Gladstone invited Parnell to his country house (
404:
A minor group of impatient young Irish members, the genuine "Home-Rulers" distanced themselves from Butt's lack of assertiveness and, led by
2410:
2392:
1185:, compared to roughly 10,000 who stayed with the original organisation. Though initially there was a surge in voluntary enlistment for the
1047:
3668:
321:
292:
1356:, most of the latter members now joining the new movement. At the end of the war in November 1918 when elections were announced for the
3638:
2705:
470:
Fenian and raise funds. During 1878 Parnell also met with leading members of the Irish American Fenians. In October Devoy agreed to a
3438:
1510:
1365:
1110:
to enforce Home Rule. The initiative for a series of meetings leading up to the public inauguration of the Volunteers came from the
3330:
3088:
1498:
240:
324:
in order to manage Irish domestic affairs in the interest of the Protestant landlord class. It was inspired by the success in the
3633:
3024:
561:
and his Under Secretary. For the next twenty years Fenians and physical-force militancy ceased to play a role in Irish politics.
3678:
3648:
3539:
1841:
1337:
360:
284:
747:
one of his key defenders. Both sides returned to Ireland to organise their supporters into two parties, the former Parnellite
3098:
2260:
1455:
1382:
The Irish Parliamentary Party was for the first time confronted with double opponents from both Unionists and Sinn FĂ©in (the
1361:
978:
280:
850:
followed, which successfully aimed at a settlement by conciliatory agreement between landlord and tenant. O'Brien, Redmond,
712:
to further the not-fully-resolved land question, and leading Liberal voters to slowly increase their support for Home Rule.
685:
were the location of heavy industry and would be affected by any tariff barriers imposed. It resulted in the revival of the
498:
had been defeated in the election and Gladstone was again Prime Minister. He attempted to defuse the land question with the
340:, in which the Liberals won 65 of the 105 Irish seats at Westminster. Gladstone said his mission was to pacify Ireland. The
3612:
3607:
3195:
2878:
1392:
1181:
The Volunteers split on the issue of support for the British and Allied war effort. The majority (over 142,000) formed the
921:
800:, now in coalition and remaining in office until 1905. During those years Home Rule was not on their agenda. Instead, with
797:
417:
325:
235:
170:
1402:
Twenty-seven of the newly elected Sinn FĂ©in MPs assembled in Dublin on 21 January 1919 and formed an Irish parliament, or
3688:
3643:
3597:
3555:
3358:
1557:
1474:
1261:
985:
1344:, the political arm of the Volunteer insurgents, had public opinion believe that they alone had prevented conscription.
696:
The Liberal Party split on the issue of Irish Home Rule. With the defeat of his Home Rule bill, Gladstone was granted a
3673:
2086:
1403:
1572:. MacDermot later joined Fianna Fáil while Dillon returned to Fine Gael and served as party leader from 1959 to 1965.
3524:
3247:
3153:
3148:
3123:
2794:
2770:
2734:
2699:
2652:
2539:
2474:
2306:
2211:
2189:
2163:
2108:
1628:
973:
During the previous years many notable Acts of social legislation were pressed for and passed in Ireland's interest:
898:
which he viewed as a step in the right direction, or "Home Rule by instalments", equally condemned by his opponents.
70:
48:
1544:) joining Cumann na nGaedheal / Fine Gael, although O'Donnell became an active member of Fianna Fáil. A short-lived
1091:
organisation had saturated the entire island, fearing a Church dominated nationalist government, it was a disaster.
41:
3215:
3138:
3050:
2981:
1186:
1000:
945:
941:
881:
859:
666:, beseeching parliament to pass the bill which was, however, defeated by 341 to 311 votes. The Bill caused serious
3683:
3580:
3400:
3380:
3200:
3163:
3055:
3019:
2871:
1714:
1595:
1545:
1541:
1011:
851:
3277:
1347:
The Irish party held its own and returned its candidates in by-elections up to the end of 1916, the last in the
1324:
decision by, clumsily linking implementing Home Rule with alleviating the severe manpower shortage by extending
1150:
in August led to the suspension of the Home Rule Act for the duration of the war, expected to only last a year.
1126:
958:
3486:
3315:
3297:
3205:
3113:
2839:
2438:
1427:
1415:
1135:
725:
929:
858:
represented the tenant side. Its outcome became the basis for O'Brien orchestrating the unprecedented Wyndham
595:
reinforced that each member was required to sit, act and vote with the party, one of the first instances of a
3410:
2266:
600:
3529:
2118:
Bull, Philip (1988). "The United Irish League and the Reunion of the Irish Parliamentary Party, 1898–1900".
1348:
3653:
3519:
3428:
1253:
1111:
510:
177:
529:
which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely.
3560:
3353:
3287:
2941:
2858:
2049:
1549:
1377:
1357:
1333:
1302:
1298:
1242:
1226:
981:
in 1891, which built public works for, and provided employment in, the poor districts of western Ireland.
909:
785:
558:
502:
371:
272:
1340:
began to be deployed to France in large numbers, the threat of conscription radicalised Irish politics.
1078:
had produced almost exactly the same result, he had no choice but to agree to a new Home Rule Bill. The
3504:
3443:
1234:
1225:
less obvious. Its support for the War was gradually revealed to be a major political encumbrance." The
905:, a young Belfast MP, as its new secretary. Devlin had founded a decade earlier the Catholic sectarian
659:
475:
3282:
3476:
3471:
3190:
2956:
2834:, "The Irish Parliamentary Party" p.207, Gill & MacMillan, Dublin (1973) and Barnes & Noble
2169:
1414:. The government remained committed to introducing Home Rule in Ireland, and in 1921 implemented the
1411:
756:
663:
564:
With the Land League suppressed and internally fracturing, Parnell resurrected it in October as the
3570:
3534:
3453:
3433:
3320:
3292:
3158:
3009:
2976:
2914:
891:
673:
Since 1882, Parnell's successful drive for Home Rule created great anxiety amongst Protestants and
589:
317:
35:
3693:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3029:
2951:
2407:
2389:
2181:
2080:
1741:
1537:
1317:
1277:
1151:
1062:, holding the balance of power in the Commons, renewed the old "Liberal Alliance" this time with
541:
491:
471:
421:
405:
356:
329:
1341:
345:
3565:
2926:
1599:
1569:
1383:
1205:
962:
917:
701:
577:
413:
52:
3448:
1564:
in 1933. Both MacDermot and Dillon later left Fine Gael, and both argued for Irish entry into
3575:
3481:
3405:
3325:
3220:
2961:
2244:
1525:
1517:
1494:
1329:
1194:
1190:
1175:
940:
became the new party secretary. Outside the party at this time were the MPs William O'Brien,
748:
565:
341:
297:
288:
3509:
2689:
1606:
3225:
3185:
2936:
1419:
1138:
received Royal Assent in September 1914, celebrated with bonfires across southern Ireland.
1131:
913:
886:
781:
690:
554:
102:
1610:
8:
3463:
3390:
3372:
3272:
3235:
3133:
3103:
3001:
2991:
2971:
2897:
1466:
1353:
1238:
1198:
1182:
1079:
864:
814:
733:
708:
primarily concerned with its own vested interests, keeping up local agitation during the
674:
230:
3257:
1752:
1058:
lost their majority, and became dependent on the Irish (IPP and AFIL) Party's 84 seats.
992:
Irish Department of Agriculture Act and Technical Instructors Act (1899) (initiative of
537:
379:, formed after a conference in Dublin in November 1873. Gladstone unexpectedly called a
3267:
3177:
3014:
2986:
2863:
2143:
2135:
1642:
1502:
1431:
1269:
1155:
1119:
1071:
1055:
895:
855:
667:
569:
514:
506:
333:
205:
2859:
BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – Irish Parliamentary Party
1506:
1447:
1316:
Redmond died in March 1918 and John Dillon took over the IPP leadership. In March the
3239:
3080:
2918:
2835:
2790:
2766:
2730:
2695:
2648:
2535:
2470:
2434:
2302:
2256:
2238:
2207:
2185:
2174:
2159:
2147:
2104:
1661:
1486:
1103:
1067:
1034:
1004:
744:
635:
550:
522:
495:
352:
185:
1070:
also supported the government). Asquith needed the support of Irish MPs to pass the
513:, went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the
320:
in 1873. The League sought to gain a limited form of freedom for Ireland within the
3514:
3395:
3385:
3348:
2946:
2127:
1657:
1478:
1423:
1332:
and returned to Ireland to join forces with other national organisations in massed
1310:
1273:
1107:
1098:' opposition became a repeat scenario of events in 1886 and 1893, their leader Sir
937:
709:
376:
309:
276:
160:
3262:
1154:
defused the threat of civil war in Ireland and was to prove crucial to subsequent
880:
objected to peasant proprietorship, demanding land nationalisation. Together with
3420:
2426:
2414:
2396:
1553:
1462:
1095:
993:
953:
847:
826:
624:
596:
518:
384:
2408:
University College Cork, History Faculty: Home Rule, The Elections of 1885, 1886
2390:
University College Cork, History Faculty: Home Rule, The Elections of 1885, 1886
1446:, the IPP had more or less held their ground against the Sinn FĂ©in insurgency, (
1360:, the Irish electorate of nearly two million had a threefold increase under the
1007:
Act 1909), contributing greatly to the solution of the contentious land question
505:
which failed to eliminate tenant evictions. Parnell and his party lieutenants,
2931:
2827:
2485:
2199:
1407:
1257:
1218:
1171:
1083:
877:
839:
801:
790:
721:
619:
The result of Parnell's reforms and reorganisation were fully reflected in the
612:
467:
455:
433:
96:
2131:
1532:. It quickly faltered, with many of its prominent members (including Redmond,
1482:
920:'factionism' were carried out through its national organisation, the UIL. The
623:. This election was the first to be fought under the extended suffrage of the
3627:
3045:
1795:
1451:
1396:
1306:
1272:'s initiative to disentangle the Home Rule deadlock after Redmond called the
1249:
1099:
1063:
1015:
902:
737:
604:
459:
409:
1233:
war prolonged, the IPP's image suffered from the horrific casualties at the
3368:
3252:
1779:
1768:
1565:
1533:
1493:
movement of the 1930s maybe owing much to its Ribbon tradition. Veteran MP
1325:
1280:
sided with Nationalists on the issue of Home Rule, ended unresolved due to
1167:
1059:
776:
752:
686:
3143:
1294:
3340:
2811:
1827:
1698:
1147:
526:
480:
425:
2139:
876:
disfavoured the Act because he opposed any negotiations with landlords,
355:, whose members were a minority in Ireland and would have largely voted
3307:
2523:
1687:
1656:
Its supporters claimed that this paved the way for the creation of the
1490:
1210:
729:
463:
313:
268:
195:
114:
1509:, which led to republican calls for his resignation). Former party MP
3496:
3173:
3076:
1561:
1470:
906:
678:
631:
190:
2560:
McKay, Enda (1992). "The Housing of the Working Classes 1883–1916".
2496:, p. 235, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (1968), SBN 7100 2887 3
1336:
in Dublin. Although conscription was never enforced in Ireland, as
928:
The IPP rift with O'Brien deepened after he helped guide the Bryce
445:
349:
210:
2854:
Department of the Taoiseach: Irish Soldiers in the First World War
2469:
Land for the People pp. 77–94, Gill & Macmillan Dublin (1973)
1443:
1320:
overran part of the British front. Lloyd George's cabinet took a
1214:
1163:
1159:
796:
The Conservatives and Liberal Unionists returned to power in the
670:
during the summer and autumn of 1886, in which many were killed.
1548:
was formed in 1932, absorbing the remnants of the conservative
1281:
682:
454:
freed who missed out on Gladstone's earlier amnesty, including
451:
429:
2279:
Nationalism and the Irish Party: Provincial Ireland 1910–1916
1806:
383:, which helped bring the League to the foreground. Under the
220:
793:
rejected it, only 41 supporting. Gladstone retired in 1894.
901:
O'Brien's UIL was taken over by Dillon's protégé and ally,
611:
Now at his height Parnell pressed Gladstone to resolve the
2623:
2621:
2606:
1520:
operated between 1926 and 1931, founded by former IPP MPs
1513:
was elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD during the 1920s.
720:
Parnell successfully exposed an attempt to use the forged
359:. He also introduced his first land bill which led to the
1033:
Housing of the Working Classes (Ireland) Act (1908) (the
834:
a period of considerable political development followed.
2893:
2669:
2253:
That Irishman: The Life and Times of John O'Connor Power
1725:
1454:
in the Falls division). The IPP regrouped to become the
279:, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist
2657:
2618:
2594:
2359:
1477:) had 'Redmondite' backgrounds, the most notable being
1018:
Acts), providing rural labourers with extensive housing
662:
and, after a long and fierce debate, made a remarkable
2447:
572:
as Secretary, William O'Brien editor of its newspaper
1328:
to Ireland. The Irish party withdrew in protest from
3603:
Current political parties in the Republic of Ireland
2746:
Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1822
2371:
2335:
2323:
2311:
1217:
officers, which with the exception of Irish General
634:, which contains a large Irish Catholic community.
101:The Irish harp, along with the coat of arms of the
2347:
2173:
1094:After the Bill passed its first readings in 1913,
2729:pp. 59–62, M. E. Collins, Edco Publishing (2004)
2101:British Democracy and Irish Nationalism 1876–1906
1201:formed for the war, the enthusiasm did not last.
458:. After his release in 1877, Davitt travelled to
3625:
3211:Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation
2687:
2243:. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. p.
1505:; Healy made a public attack on Fianna Fáil and
630:The party secured a seat in the English city of
608:by the early 1890s professionals exceeding 50%.
525:was issued calling for a national tenant farmer
432:movement, adopted the method of parliamentary "
3664:Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom
521:for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the
16:Irish political party at Westminster, 1874–1922
2816:Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
2809:, in Home Rule and Ulster's resistance, 1912:
428:, some of whom had close connections with the
3094:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
2879:
2643:, Manchester University Press (2003), Ch. 3:
2582:, pp. 199–206, Daniel O'Connor, London (1921)
2467:Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921
2236:
2158:(1981) (2005), Gill & Macmillan, Dublin,
2807:Constitutionalism – eclipsed and reborn
1667:
1048:January 1910 United Kingdom general election
105:, played a prominent role in IPP literature.
2783:The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics
2759:The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics
2528:The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics
2156:The evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics
2054:
2030:
2006:
1982:
1958:
1934:
1910:
1886:
1862:
1822:
842:and initiated by moderate landlords led by
322:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
293:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
3709:Political parties in pre-partition Ireland
2886:
2872:
2240:A History of the Irish Parliamentary Party
1831:Graph of Irish UK MPs 1885–1918 in numbers
1609:. Please do not remove this message until
854:(who spoke for Ulster tenant-farmers) and
689:to resist Home Rule and the forming of an
621:general election of November–December 1885
450:Parnell first worked successfully to have
95:
2675:
2663:
2627:
2612:
2600:
2265:
2103:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1629:Learn how and when to remove this message
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
3699:Political parties disestablished in 1922
3089:British and Irish Communist Organisation
2223:The Irish Parliamentary Party, 1890–1910
1826:
1605:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1499:Governor-General of the Irish Free State
1074:and, after a second general election in
1052:January 1910 general election in Ireland
536:
34:This article includes a list of general
3025:Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society
2691:John Redmond and Irish Unity: 1912–1918
2514:Lyons, F. S. L.: pp. 240–241 and p. 236
2453:
2433:. Blackstaff Press. pp. 402, 405.
2377:
2365:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2168:
2098:
1248:The party was taken by surprise by the
3626:
3540:National Socialist Irish Workers Party
2568:. Irish Labour History Society: 27–38.
2425:
2176:Home Rule: An Irish History, 1800-2000
1030:Irish (Catholic) University Act (1908)
968:
439:
361:Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870
3704:Political parties established in 1874
3331:Women's Social and Progressive League
2867:
2559:
2353:
2220:
2198:
1456:Nationalist Party of Northern Ireland
1362:Representation of the People Act 1918
1041:
3659:Defunct political parties in Ireland
3613:List of political parties by country
3608:Elections in the Republic of Ireland
2727:Sovereignty and partition, 1912–1949
2117:
1579:
1437:
1371:
1287:
1141:
1014:Act 1906 and Birrell Act 1911) (the
653:
583:
395:
20:
3598:Politics of the Republic of Ireland
3556:Fathers Rights-Responsibility Party
3439:Christian Democrat Party of Ireland
2255:, History Press Ireland, May 2011,
1134:who felt themselves abandoned. The
532:
316:founded after he defected from the
13:
2818:pp. 28–29, published 25 April 2012
755:and John Dillon's anti-Parnellite
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3720:
3639:1922 disestablishments in Ireland
3525:Irish Monetary Reform Association
3248:All Ireland Anti-Partition League
3154:Socialist Party of Ireland (1971)
3149:Socialist Party of Ireland (1904)
2847:
2832:The Irish Parliamentary Tradition
2708:from the original on 29 July 2020
1528:and IPP leader John Redmond) and
820:
715:
2982:Irish Socialist Republican Party
2641:Irish Regiments in the Great War
2301:p.107, Edco Press Dublin (1993)
2281:(Oxford University Press, 2005).
2271:Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion
1805:
1778:
1751:
1724:
1697:
1584:
1334:anti-conscription demonstrations
1152:Ireland's involvement in the war
1001:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903
860:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903
766:
25:
3381:Business and Professional Group
3020:Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union
2821:
2799:
2775:
2751:
2739:
2720:
2681:
2633:
2585:
2572:
2553:
2544:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2479:
2459:
2419:
870:
677:north and south alike, fearing
509:, John Dillon, Michael Davitt,
3669:History of Ireland (1801–1923)
3634:1874 establishments in Ireland
3487:Unionist Anti-Partition League
3316:Community Democrats of Ireland
3206:National Progressive Democrats
3124:League for a Workers' Republic
2645:Raising the Service Battalions
2401:
2383:
2291:
2237:O'Donnell, Frank Hugh (1910).
2087:History of Ireland (1801–1923)
1136:Government of Ireland Act 1914
698:general election for July 1886
1:
3679:Irish Parliamentary Party MPs
3649:All-Ireland political parties
3139:Revolutionary Workers' Groups
2894:Defunct political parties in
2694:. Syracuse UP. pp. 1–3.
2233:, Talbot Press, Dublin (1920)
2092:
1516:The conservative nationalist
1213:had the 16th Division led by
999:Tenant Land Purchase Acts: (
3520:Immigration Control Platform
3278:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann
2814:supplement supported by the
2789:Gill & Macmillan (2005)
2765:Gill & Macmillan (2005)
2534:Gill & Macmillan (2005)
2505:Lyons, F. S. L.: pp. 236–238
2285:
2099:Biagini, Eugenio F. (2007).
2058:
2053:
2048:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1254:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1112:Irish Republican Brotherhood
930:1906 Labourers (Ireland) Act
144:; 102 years ago
126:; 150 years ago
7:
3561:Independent Health Alliance
3288:Irish Anti-Partition League
3119:Irish Workers' Party (1948)
3114:Irish Workers' Party (1926)
3099:Independent Socialist Party
2942:Home Government Association
2763:Origins of the Party system
2591:Sheehan, D. D.: pp. 209–218
2074:
1660:, in which its parliament,
1611:conditions to do so are met
1378:1918 Irish general election
1303:Gaelic Athletic Association
1299:Ancient Order of Hibernians
1227:Under Secretary for Ireland
1027:Old Age Pensions Act (1908)
910:Ancient Order of Hibernians
559:Chief Secretary for Ireland
503:Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881
372:Home Government Association
308:The IPP evolved out of the
10:
3725:
3689:Liberal parties in Ireland
3644:All-for-Ireland League MPs
3444:Christian Solidarity Party
3196:Democratic Socialist Party
2787:The Rise of the Hibernians
2532:The Rise of the Hibernians
2068:
2061:
2044:
2037:
2020:
2013:
1996:
1989:
1972:
1965:
1948:
1941:
1924:
1917:
1900:
1893:
1876:
1869:
1395:in Northern Ireland under
1375:
1082:abolished the veto of the
1024:Evicted Tenants Act (1907)
1010:Labourers (Ireland) Acts (
587:
476:Irish National Land League
443:
390:
303:
3674:Irish nationalist parties
3593:
3548:
3495:
3472:Donegal Progressive Party
3462:
3419:
3367:
3359:National Democratic Party
3339:
3306:
3234:
3172:
3075:
3068:
3038:
3000:
2967:Irish Parliamentary Party
2957:Irish National Federation
2913:
2906:
2688:Joseph P. Finnan (2004).
2132:10.1017/S0021121400009445
1668:Party leaders (1874–1921)
1575:
1358:December general election
986:1898 Local Government Act
979:Congested Districts Board
957:driven out for good at a
757:Irish National Federation
646:The IPP emerged from the
253:Irish Parliamentary Party
226:
216:
204:
176:
166:
156:
138:
120:
110:
94:
88:Irish Parliamentary Party
85:
3571:Irish Monarchist Society
3535:National Corporate Party
3434:Christian Centrist Party
3321:Liberal Party of Ireland
3293:Irish Independence Party
3010:Irish Conservative Party
2977:Irish Reform Association
2490:John Dillon, A Biography
2221:Lyons, F. S. L. (1951).
2120:Irish Historical Studies
1823:General election results
892:Irish Reform Association
590:Irish Home Rule Movement
544:, the founder of the IPP
381:general election in 1874
318:Irish Conservative Party
267:) was formed in 1874 by
3283:Independent Fianna Fáil
3030:Irish Unionist Alliance
2952:Independent Irish Party
2830:: in ed. Farrel, Brian
2550:Miller, David W.: p.208
2413:4 February 2012 at the
2395:4 February 2012 at the
2204:Charles Stewart Parnell
2182:Oxford University Press
2081:Independent Irish Party
1742:Charles Stewart Parnell
1522:Captain William Redmond
1461:In the South after the
1318:German spring offensive
1066:as Prime Minister (the
1021:Town Tenants Act (1906)
542:Charles Stewart Parnell
406:Charles Stewart Parnell
363:, implementing limited
330:William Ewart Gladstone
206:Political position
55:more precise citations.
3684:Land reform in Ireland
3566:Irish Democratic Party
3216:Socialist Labour Party
2927:All-for-Ireland League
2231:The Home Rule Movement
1832:
1426:and a non-functioning
1206:36th (Ulster) Division
963:All-for-Ireland League
884:editor of the party's
848:Land Reform Conference
702:Liberal Unionist Party
545:
259:; commonly called the
3505:Ailtirà na hAiséirghe
3482:Irish Dominion League
3406:National League Party
3401:National Centre Party
3326:Progressive Democrats
3298:National Party (1924)
3201:National Labour Party
3164:World Socialist Party
2962:Irish National League
2580:Ireland since Parnell
2530: : pp. 107–108.
1830:
1546:National Centre Party
1526:Irish National League
1518:National League Party
1495:Timothy Michael Healy
1349:West-Cork by-election
1338:fresh American troops
1195:16th (Irish) Division
1191:10th (Irish) Division
922:1906 general election
894:and in 1907 with the
832:1900 general election
806:Constructive Unionism
798:1895 general election
786:second Home Rule Bill
773:1892 general election
749:Irish National League
648:1885 general election
566:Irish National League
540:
488:1880 general election
342:Irish Church Act 1869
326:1868 general election
298:Irish Home Rule bills
283:(MPs) elected to the
281:Members of Parliament
3226:United Left Alliance
3186:Cork Socialist Party
3109:Irish Workers' Group
2937:Healyite Nationalist
2229:MacDonagh, Michael:
1489:, the quasi-fascist
1473:leaders (apart from
1416:Fourth Home Rule Act
1235:Cape Helles landings
1162:had been overrun by
977:The creation of the
825:The outbreak of the
691:Irish Unionist Party
679:Catholic intolerance
555:Phoenix Park Murders
422:Frank Hugh O'Donnell
271:, the leader of the
103:provinces of Ireland
3654:Anti-Parnellite MPs
3454:Poblacht ChrĂostĂşil
3449:Muintir na hÉireann
3411:Social Credit Party
3391:Cumann na nGaedheal
3273:Cumann na Poblachta
3134:Republican Congress
3104:Irish Worker League
3015:Irish Liberal Party
2992:United Irish League
2972:Irish Patriot Party
2431:A History of Ulster
2277:Wheatley, Michael.
2206:. Fontana/Collins.
1598:of this section is
1467:Cumann na nGaedheal
1420:partitioned Ireland
1412:War of Independence
1406:of a self-declared
1305:in sports, and the
1276:in June 1917, when
1183:National Volunteers
1080:Parliament Act 1911
969:Notable legislation
865:Irish land question
815:United Irish League
660:Home Rule Bill 1886
440:Land-war mainspring
414:John O'Connor Power
338:Justice for Ireland
231:Politics of Ireland
3510:CĂłras na Poblachta
3477:Irish Centre Party
3429:Catholic Democrats
3268:Clann na Poblachta
2987:Repeal Association
2805:Laffan, Michael:
2465:Miller, David W.:
2267:Townshend, Charles
1833:
1643:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1450:soundly beaten by
1432:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1384:Irish Labour Party
1278:Southern Unionists
1241:as well as on the
1132:southern unionists
1042:Home Rule succeeds
942:Sir Thomas Esmonde
896:Irish Council Bill
856:Timothy Harrington
846:the December 1902
640:Liverpool Scotland
570:Timothy Harrington
546:
515:Irish Coercion Act
3621:
3620:
3589:
3588:
3576:Natural Law Party
3129:Vanguard Movement
3064:
3063:
2299:Ireland 1868–1966
2261:978-1-84588-698-1
2072:
2071:
1820:
1819:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1487:Spanish Civil War
1438:After dissolution
1393:Nationalist Party
1372:Decisive election
1366:granted franchise
1301:in politics, the
1288:Crisis and change
1142:Europe intervenes
959:Dublin Convention
887:Freeman's Journal
738:Victorian society
654:Home Rule delayed
584:Parnellism reigns
551:Kilmainham Treaty
523:No Rent Manifesto
418:Edmund Dwyer Gray
396:Party inaugurated
353:Church of Ireland
344:provided for the
336:under the slogan
273:Nationalist Party
249:
248:
236:Political parties
186:Irish nationalism
171:Nationalist Party
167:Succeeded by
81:
80:
73:
3716:
3515:Identity Ireland
3386:Cork Civic Party
3349:Clann na Talmhan
3258:Aontacht Éireann
3073:
3072:
2947:Home Rule League
2911:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2842:
2825:
2819:
2803:
2797:
2779:
2773:
2761: : p. 151
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2639:Bowman, Timothy
2637:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2615:, p. 52–53.
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2583:
2578:Sheehan, D. D.,
2576:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2483:
2477:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2427:Bardon, Jonathan
2423:
2417:
2405:
2399:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2368:, p. 39–42.
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2295:
2274:
2251:Stanford, Jane,
2248:
2226:
2217:
2195:
2179:
2151:
2114:
2065:
2056:
2041:
2032:
2017:
2008:
1993:
1984:
1969:
1960:
1945:
1936:
1921:
1912:
1897:
1888:
1873:
1864:
1842:House of Commons
1835:
1834:
1809:
1798:
1782:
1771:
1755:
1744:
1728:
1717:
1701:
1690:
1672:
1671:
1658:Irish Free State
1634:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1530:Thomas O'Donnell
1479:John A. Costello
1428:Southern Ireland
1424:Northern Ireland
1311:Irish Volunteers
1274:Irish Convention
1199:New Service Army
1158:. After neutral
1146:The outbreak of
1127:O'Brienite Party
1108:Irish Volunteers
1104:Ulster Volunteer
1102:approving of an
1096:Ulster Unionists
938:Richard Hazleton
734:Katharine O'Shea
710:Plan of Campaign
668:riots in Belfast
664:Home Rule Speech
533:Truce and treaty
377:Home Rule League
346:disestablishment
310:Home Rule League
285:House of Commons
277:Home Rule League
275:, replacing the
161:Home Rule League
157:Preceded by
152:
150:
145:
134:
132:
127:
99:
83:
82:
76:
69:
65:
62:
56:
51:this article by
42:inline citations
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3585:
3544:
3491:
3458:
3421:Christian right
3415:
3363:
3335:
3302:
3230:
3191:Democratic Left
3168:
3060:
3034:
2996:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2850:
2845:
2828:Lyons, F. S. L.
2826:
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2500:
2486:Lyons, F. S. L.
2484:
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2448:
2441:
2424:
2420:
2415:Wayback Machine
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2397:Wayback Machine
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2288:
2214:
2200:Lyons, F. S. L.
2192:
2111:
2095:
2077:
2066:
2063:
2042:
2039:
2018:
2015:
1994:
1991:
1970:
1967:
1946:
1943:
1922:
1919:
1898:
1895:
1874:
1871:
1846:Share of votes
1825:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1686:
1670:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1604:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1554:Frank MacDermot
1507:Éamon de Valera
1503:Kevin O'Higgins
1463:Irish Civil War
1448:Éamon de Valera
1440:
1380:
1374:
1290:
1262:General Maxwell
1197:of Kitchener's
1187:Irish regiments
1144:
1120:William O'Brien
1072:People's Budget
1044:
994:Horace Plunkett
971:
954:Augustine Roche
944:, T. M. Healy,
873:
827:Second Boer War
823:
775:that followed,
769:
718:
656:
625:1884 Reform Act
592:
586:
535:
519:Kilmainham Jail
507:William O'Brien
448:
442:
398:
393:
385:Ballot Act 1872
306:
265:Home Rule Party
245:
200:
148:
146:
143:
130:
128:
125:
106:
90:
89:
77:
66:
60:
57:
47:Please help to
46:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3722:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:Parnellite MPs
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3354:Farmers' Party
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:Workers League
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3039:Pan-UK parties
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2932:Catholic Union
2929:
2923:
2921:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2849:
2848:External links
2846:
2844:
2843:
2820:
2798:
2774:
2750:
2748:, B. M. Walker
2738:
2719:
2700:
2680:
2678:, p. 280.
2676:Townshend 2005
2668:
2664:Townshend 2005
2656:
2632:
2628:Townshend 2005
2617:
2613:Townshend 2005
2605:
2601:Townshend 2005
2593:
2584:
2571:
2552:
2543:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2478:
2458:
2456:, p. 103.
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2322:
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2297:Collins, M.E.
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2249:
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2212:
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2190:
2170:Jackson, Alvin
2166:
2152:
2126:(101): 51–78.
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1637:
1636:
1592:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:on th side of
1550:Farmers' Party
1497:was the first
1439:
1436:
1408:Irish Republic
1376:Main article:
1373:
1370:
1289:
1286:
1258:Irish Republic
1256:, declared an
1219:William Hickie
1172:Triple Entente
1143:
1140:
1084:House of Lords
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1008:
997:
990:
984:The extensive
982:
970:
967:
950:John O'Donnell
878:Michael Davitt
872:
869:
840:George Wyndham
822:
821:Reconstruction
819:
802:Arthur Balfour
768:
765:
717:
716:Zenith eclipse
714:
655:
652:
636:T. P. O'Connor
613:Irish Question
588:Main article:
585:
582:
574:United Ireland
557:in May of the
534:
531:
511:Willie Redmond
500:dual ownership
468:Irish-American
466:, the leading
456:Michael Davitt
444:Main article:
441:
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434:obstructionism
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33:
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24:
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3:
2:
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3523:
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3513:
3511:
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3503:
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3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
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3461:
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3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
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3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Clann Éireann
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
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3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
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2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
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2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2795:0-7171-3967-0
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:Garvin, Tom:
2778:
2772:
2771:0-7171-3967-0
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:Garvin, Tom:
2754:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2735:1-84536-040-0
2732:
2728:
2723:
2707:
2703:
2701:9780815630432
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2666:, p. 60.
2665:
2660:
2654:
2653:0-7190-6285-3
2650:
2647:, pp. 61–99.
2646:
2642:
2636:
2630:, p. 71.
2629:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2603:, p. 41.
2602:
2597:
2588:
2581:
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2556:
2547:
2541:
2540:0-7171-3967-0
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2495:
2494:Estrangements
2491:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2475:0-7171-0645-4
2472:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2380:, p. 21.
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2356:, p. 55.
2355:
2350:
2344:, p. 36.
2343:
2338:
2332:, p. 34.
2331:
2326:
2320:, p. 33.
2319:
2314:
2308:
2307:0-86167-305-0
2304:
2300:
2294:
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2280:
2276:
2272:
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2258:
2254:
2250:
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2224:
2219:
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2213:0-00-635324-X
2209:
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2201:
2197:
2193:
2191:9780195220483
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:0-7171-3967-0
2161:
2157:
2154:Garvin, Tom:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2110:9781139467568
2106:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2051:
2047:
2027:
2023:
2003:
1999:
1979:
1975:
1955:
1951:
1931:
1927:
1907:
1903:
1883:
1879:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
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1829:
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1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1364:. Women were
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:Gaelic League
1304:
1300:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:Easter Rising
1246:
1244:
1243:Western Front
1240:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1204:Unlike their
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:Irish history
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Edward Carson
1097:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:December 1910
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:H. H. Asquith
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
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983:
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947:
946:Charles Dolan
943:
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923:
919:
915:
911:
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904:
903:Joseph Devlin
899:
897:
893:
889:
888:
883:
882:Thomas Sexton
879:
868:
866:
861:
857:
853:
852:T. W. Russell
849:
845:
844:Lord Dunraven
841:
835:
833:
828:
818:
816:
810:
807:
803:
799:
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787:
783:
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767:Party divided
764:
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746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
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723:
722:Pigott Papers
713:
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605:D. D. Sheehan
602:
601:Richard Power
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492:Conservatives
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472:New Departure
469:
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419:
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411:
410:Joseph Biggar
407:
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388:
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382:
378:
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368:
366:
365:tenant rights
362:
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334:Liberal Party
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23:
22:
19:
3369:Conservative
3253:Anti H-Block
2966:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2806:
2801:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2762:
2758:
2753:
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2726:
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2710:. Retrieved
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2493:
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2466:
2461:
2454:Jackson 2003
2449:
2430:
2421:
2403:
2385:
2378:Biagini 2007
2373:
2366:Jackson 2003
2361:
2349:
2342:Jackson 2003
2337:
2330:Jackson 2003
2325:
2318:Jackson 2003
2313:
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2252:
2239:
2230:
2222:
2203:
2175:
2155:
2123:
2119:
2100:
1769:John Redmond
1715:William Shaw
1662:Dáil Éireann
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1625:
1619:October 2013
1616:
1594:
1566:World War II
1558:James Dillon
1542:James Coburn
1534:Vincent Rice
1515:
1475:James Dillon
1460:
1441:
1404:Dáil Éireann
1401:
1389:
1381:
1346:
1326:conscription
1321:
1315:
1291:
1284:resistance.
1270:Lloyd George
1267:
1247:
1231:
1223:
1203:
1180:
1176:Allied cause
1145:
1124:
1116:
1093:
1089:
1068:Labour Party
1045:
972:
935:
927:
900:
885:
874:
871:Renewed rift
836:
824:
811:
805:
795:
770:
761:
753:John Redmond
751:(INL) under
745:J. J. Clancy
742:
719:
706:
695:
687:Orange Order
672:
657:
645:
629:
618:
610:
593:
573:
563:
547:
499:
485:
449:
403:
399:
369:
364:
357:Conservative
337:
307:
264:
260:
256:
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250:
67:
58:
39:
18:
3240:nationalist
3221:United Left
2919:Nationalist
2812:Irish Times
2785:: p. 110
2524:Garvin, Tom
1852:Government
1552:and led by
1483:Fianna Fáil
1430:before the
1330:Westminster
1322:dual policy
1148:World War I
527:rent strike
481:John Dillon
426:John Dillon
291:within the
289:Westminster
261:Irish Party
53:introducing
3628:Categories
3581:New Vision
3373:right-wing
3236:Republican
2840:0717105946
2712:11 October
2440:0856404985
2354:Lyons 1978
2180:. Oxford:
2093:References
2026:1910 (Dec)
2002:1910 (Jan)
1816:1918–1921
1796:Joe Devlin
1789:1900–1918
1762:1880–1891
1735:1879–1880
1708:1874–1879
1688:Isaac Butt
1641:After the
1596:neutrality
1570:the Allies
1538:John Jinks
1452:Joe Devlin
1397:Joe Devlin
1297:, and the
1211:War Office
918:O'Brienite
907:neo-Ribbon
730:Flintshire
464:John Devoy
314:Isaac Butt
269:Isaac Butt
196:Liberalism
115:Isaac Butt
36:references
3497:Far-right
3178:left-wing
3174:Socialist
3144:Saor Éire
3077:Communist
3069:post 1918
2915:Home Rule
2286:Citations
2148:159834691
1838:Election
1678:Portrait
1607:talk page
1562:Fine Gael
1491:Blueshirt
1471:Fine Gael
1342:Sinn FĂ©in
1295:Sinn FĂ©in
1239:Gallipoli
782:Healyites
777:Redmond's
675:Unionists
632:Liverpool
578:Tim Healy
241:Elections
191:Home rule
139:Dissolved
61:June 2023
3530:Lia Fáil
3464:Unionist
3396:Libertas
3341:Agrarian
3081:far-left
3046:Radicals
3002:Unionist
2706:Archived
2492:, Ch. 8
2429:(1992).
2411:Archived
2393:Archived
2269:(2005).
2202:(1978).
2172:(2003).
2140:30008504
2075:See also
2040:73 / 103
2016:70 / 103
1992:81 / 103
1968:76 / 103
1944:69 / 103
1920:71 / 103
1896:84 / 103
1872:85 / 103
1600:disputed
1524:(son of
1511:Hugh Law
1418:, which
1193:and the
1174:and the
1056:Liberals
965:(AFIL).
936:In 1907
914:Healyite
726:Hawarden
638:won the
496:Disraeli
462:to meet
446:Land War
350:Anglican
332:and his
178:Ideology
3308:Liberal
2907:to 1918
2898:Ireland
2562:Saothar
2083:(1850s)
2064:6 / 105
1681:Period
1675:Leader
1444:Belfast
1215:English
1189:of the
1168:Redmond
1164:Germany
1160:Belgium
1060:Redmond
1054:), the
1046:In the
1016:Sheehan
1005:Birrell
771:In the
486:At the
460:America
452:Fenians
391:History
348:of the
304:Origins
263:or the
217:Colours
147: (
129: (
121:Founded
111:Founder
49:improve
3051:Tories
2838:
2793:
2769:
2733:
2698:
2651:
2538:
2473:
2437:
2305:
2259:
2210:
2188:
2162:
2146:
2138:
2107:
2059:21.7%
2035:43.6%
2011:35.1%
1987:21.5%
1915:18.2%
1891:48.6%
1867:67.8%
1849:Seats
1576:Legacy
1282:Ulster
1035:Clancy
683:Ulster
494:under
430:Fenian
312:which
211:Centre
38:, but
3549:Other
3056:Whigs
2144:S2CID
2136:JSTOR
1422:into
1012:Bryce
791:Lords
221:Green
3371:and
3238:and
3176:and
3079:and
2836:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2714:2016
2696:ISBN
2649:ISBN
2536:ISBN
2471:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2055:31st
2050:1918
2031:30th
2007:29th
1983:28th
1978:1906
1959:27th
1954:1900
1935:26th
1930:1895
1911:25th
1906:1892
1887:24th
1882:1886
1863:23rd
1858:1885
1593:The
1556:and
1540:and
1037:Act)
1003:and
916:and
597:whip
576:and
424:and
370:The
251:The
149:1922
142:1922
131:1874
124:1874
2128:doi
1354:UIL
1237:at
1178:).
804:'s
728:in
517:in
328:of
287:at
257:IPP
3630::
2704:.
2620:^
2566:17
2564:.
2526::
2488::
2245:11
2184:.
2142:.
2134:.
2124:26
2122:.
1963:%
1939:%
1536:,
1469:/
1458:.
1434:.
1399:.
1245:.
1166:,
952:,
948:,
867:.
704:.
580:.
420:,
416:,
412:,
408:,
300:.
2917:/
2887:e
2880:t
2873:v
2716:.
2443:.
2273:.
2247:.
2225:.
2216:.
2194:.
2150:.
2130::
2113:.
1632:)
1626:(
1621:)
1617:(
1613:.
1603:.
1050:(
996:)
599:(
255:(
151:)
133:)
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
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