Ireland - Knowledge

1626: 4203: 3567:, which supported agricultural practices that preserved hedgerow environments, are undergoing reforms. The Common Agricultural Policy had in the past subsidised potentially destructive agricultural practices, for example by emphasising production without placing limits on indiscriminate use of fertilisers and pesticides; but reforms have gradually decoupled subsidies from production levels and introduced environmental and other requirements. 32% of Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions are correlated to agriculture. Forested areas typically consist of monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may result in habitats that are not suitable for supporting native species of invertebrates. Natural areas require fencing to prevent over-grazing by 6676: 2060: 1092:

northern Iberia to western Scandinavia rather than substantially central European. In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. The prevalence amongst modern Irish men of this mutation is a remarkable 84%, the highest in the world, and closely matched in other populations along the Atlantic fringes down to Spain. A similar genetic replacement happened with lineages in mitochondrial DNA. This conclusion is supported by recent research carried out by the geneticist

2443: 4607: 1786: 3938: 3273: 1922: 18771: 2186: 563: 531: 2493: 5581: 4192: 3333: 2319: 3549: 3961: 3945: 4686: 1279: 3993: 111: 3977: 96: 6069: 4459: 3594: 1096:, who says: "British and Irish skeletons from the Bronze Age that followed the Beaker period had at most 10 per cent ancestry from the first farmers of these islands, with other 90 per cent from people like those associated with the Bell Beaker culture in the Netherlands." He suggests that it was Beaker users who introduced an Indo-European language, represented here by Celtic (i.e. a new language and culture introduced directly by migration and genetic replacement). 16571: 5801: 5503: 2737: 3481: 17016: 5970: 4912: 4159: 2846: 1029: 5178: 1730:, Irish Roman Catholics and Dissenters were increasingly deprived of various civil rights, even the ownership of hereditary property. Additional regressive punitive legislation followed in 1703, 1709 and 1728. This completed a comprehensive systemic effort to materially disadvantage Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters while enriching a new ruling class of Anglican conformists. The new Anglo-Irish ruling class became known as the 3882:, which killed roughly two-fifths of the island's population. The population rebounded and multiplied over the next century, but the Great Famine of the 1840s caused one million deaths and forced over one million more to emigrate in its immediate wake. Over the following century, the population was reduced by over half, at a time when the general trend in European countries was for populations to rise by an average of three-fold. 896:) forming between Ireland and Great Britain. By 14,000 BC this ice bridge existed only between Northern Ireland and Scotland and by 12,000 BC Ireland was completely separated from Great Britain. Later, around 6,100 BC, Great Britain became separated from continental Europe. Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in 2610: 4148: 1466:, in recapturing his kingdom. In 1171, Henry arrived in Ireland in order to review the general progress of the expedition. He wanted to re-exert royal authority over the invasion which was expanding beyond his control. Henry successfully re-imposed his authority over Strongbow and the Cambro-Norman warlords and persuaded many of the Irish kings to accept him as their overlord, an arrangement confirmed in the 1175 1400: 14949: 1502: 1111: 3563:

rearing limits the space available for the establishment of native wild species. Hedgerows, however, traditionally used for maintaining and demarcating land boundaries, act as a refuge for native wild flora. This ecosystem stretches across the countryside and acts as a network of connections to preserve remnants of the ecosystem that once covered the island. Subsidies under the

6200:), a growing amount of commercial activity is carried out on an all-Ireland basis. This has been facilitated by the two jurisdictions' former shared membership of the European Union, and there have been calls from members of the business community and policymakers for the creation of an "all-Ireland economy" to take advantage of 1759:. An estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population) died from the ensuing pestilence and disease. The Irish government halted export of corn and kept the army in quarters but did little more. Local gentry and charitable organisations provided relief but could do little to prevent the ensuing mortality. 1067:, a medieval Christian pseudo-history of Ireland, along with the presence of Celtic culture, language and artefacts found in Ireland such as Celtic bronze spears, shields, torcs and other finely crafted Celtic associated possessions. The theory holds that there were four separate Celtic invasions of Ireland. The 4557:

plantations gave it a permanent foothold in Ulster, and it remained the official and upper-class language elsewhere, the Irish-speaking chieftains and nobility having been deposed. Language shift during the 19th century replaced Irish with English as the first language for a vast majority of the population.

2020:". Unionists, especially those located in Ulster, were strongly opposed to Home Rule, which they thought would be dominated by Catholic interests. After several attempts to pass a Home Rule bill through parliament, it looked certain that one would finally pass in 1914. To prevent this from happening, the 5814:

Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Ireland. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The island is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. The horse racing sector is largely concentrated

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has played a significant role in the cultural life of the island since ancient times (and since the 17th century plantations, has been the focus of political identity and divisions on the island). Ireland's pre-Christian heritage fused with the Celtic Church following the missions of Saint Patrick in

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Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east. The west tends to be wetter on average and prone to Atlantic storms, especially in the late autumn and winter months. These occasionally bring destructive winds and higher total rainfall to these areas, as well as

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The passage of the Act in the Irish Parliament was ultimately achieved with substantial majorities, having failed on the first attempt in 1799. According to contemporary documents and historical analysis, this was achieved through a considerable degree of bribery, with funding provided by the British

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between Ireland and large areas of continental Europe, in contrast to parts of the Y-chromosome pattern. When taking both into account, a study concluded that modern Celtic speakers in Ireland could be thought of as European "Atlantic Celts" showing a shared ancestry throughout the Atlantic zone from

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incorporated elements of Irish traditional music into contemporary rock music and, during the 1970s and 1980s, the distinction between traditional and rock musicians became blurred, with many individuals regularly crossing over between these styles of playing. This trend can be seen more recently in

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has seen large-scale immigration, with 420,000 foreign nationals as of 2006, about 10% of the population. Nearly a quarter of births (24 percent) in 2009 were to mothers born outside of Ireland. Up to 50,000 eastern and central European migrant workers left Ireland in response to the Irish financial

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The population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th century. A population of over eight million in 1841 was reduced to slightly over four million by 1921. In part, the fall in population was caused by death from the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, which took roughly one

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provides for co-operation between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom on all matters of mutual interest, especially Northern Ireland. In light of the Republic's particular interest in the governance of Northern Ireland, "regular and frequent" meetings co-chaired by the

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to build upon inroads to greater sovereignty made by the previous government. The oath was abolished and in 1937 a new constitution was adopted. This completed a process of gradual separation from the British Empire that governments had pursued since independence. However, it was not until 1949 that

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energy, this source of heat is still widely used in rural areas. However, because of the ecological importance of peatlands in storing carbon and their rarity, the EU is attempting to protect this habitat by fining Ireland for digging up peat. In cities, heat is generally supplied by natural gas or

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Music has been in evidence in Ireland since prehistoric times. Although in the early Middle Ages the church was "quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe", there was a considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known

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Modernisation brought secularisation in its wake. The traditionally high levels of religiosity have sharply declined. Foster points to three factors: First, Irish feminism, largely imported from America with liberal stances on contraception, abortion and divorce, undermined the authority of bishops

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made arrests based on surveillance carried out on the key diplomatic legations in Dublin. To the authorities, counterintelligence was a fundamental line of defence. With a regular army of only slightly over seven thousand men at the start of the war, and with limited supplies of modern weapons, the

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of 1845–1851 devastated Ireland, as in those years Ireland's population fell by one-third. More than one million people died from starvation and disease, with an additional million people emigrating during the famine, mostly to the United States and Canada. In the century that followed, an economic

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The GDP of the Republic of Ireland as of 2021 was €423.5 billion (nominal), and in Northern Ireland in 2021, it was £52 billion (GVA Balanced). The GDP per capita in the Republic of Ireland was €84,049.9 (nominal) as of 2021, and in Northern Ireland 2021 was £27,154 (GVA Balanced). The Republic of

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that are now being produced across the country. An example of this new cuisine is "Dublin Lawyer": lobster cooked in whiskey and cream. The potato remains however a fundamental feature of this cuisine and the Irish remain the highest per capita consumers of potatoes in Europe. Traditional regional

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has won gold in every European and World championship since 2005. In August 2012 at the Olympic Games in London, Taylor created history by becoming the first Irish woman to win a gold medal in boxing in the 60 kg lightweight. More recently, Kellie Harrington won a gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo

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In 1950, FIFA directed the associations only to select players from within their respective territories and, in 1953, directed that the FAI's team be known only as "Republic of Ireland" and that the IFA's team be known as "Northern Ireland" (with certain exceptions). Northern Ireland qualified for

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that began in 2008 dramatically ended this period of boom. GDP fell by 3% in 2008 and by 7.1% in 2009, the worst year since records began (although earnings by foreign-owned businesses continued to grow). The state has since experienced deep recession, with unemployment, which doubled during 2009,

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in Belfast being Ireland's oldest club. It was most popular, especially in its first decades, around Belfast and in Ulster. However, some clubs based outside Belfast thought that the IFA largely favoured Ulster-based clubs in such matters as selection for the national team. In 1921, following an

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The long history of agricultural production, coupled with modern intensive agricultural methods such as pesticide and fertiliser use and runoff from contaminants into streams, rivers and lakes, has placed pressure on biodiversity in Ireland. A land of green fields for crop cultivation and cattle

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Although Northern Ireland was largely spared the strife of the civil war, in the decades that followed partition there were sporadic episodes of inter-communal violence. Nationalists, mainly Roman Catholic, wanted to unite Ireland as an independent republic, whereas unionists, mainly Protestant,

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The theory was advanced in part because of the lack of archaeological evidence for large-scale Celtic immigration, though it is accepted that such movements are notoriously difficult to identify. Historical linguists are skeptical that this method alone could account for the absorption of Celtic

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Fewer than 2% of the population of the Republic of Ireland today speak Irish on a daily basis, and under 10% regularly, outside of the education system and 38% of those over 15 years are classified as "Irish speakers". In Northern Ireland, English is the de facto official language, but official

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argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations. He concludes the chief factors were low taxation, pro-business regulatory policies, and a young, tech-savvy workforce. For many multinationals, the decision to do business in Ireland was made

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British Isles: A geographical term taken to mean Great Britain, Ireland and some or all of the adjacent islands such as Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man. The phrase is best avoided, given its (understandable) unpopularity in the Irish Republic. Alternatives adopted by some publications are

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Food and cuisine in Ireland take their influence from the crops grown and animals farmed in the island's temperate climate and from the social and political circumstances of Irish history. For example, whilst from the Middle Ages until the arrival of the potato in the 16th century the dominant

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Although for most of their existence electricity networks in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were entirely separate, the island has operated for some time as a single market for electricity. Both networks were designed and constructed independently post-partition but they are now

4984:(1742) being among the highlights of the baroque era. In the 19th century, public concerts provided access to classical music to all classes of society. Yet, for political and financial reasons Ireland has been too small to provide a living to many musicians, so the names of the better-known 6007:

The introduction of the potato in the second half of the 16th century heavily influenced cuisine thereafter. Great poverty encouraged a subsistence approach to food, and by the mid-19th century, the vast majority of the population sufficed with a diet of potatoes and milk. A typical family,

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and dance have seen a surge in popularity and global coverage since the 1960s. In the middle years of the 20th century, as Irish society was modernising, traditional music had fallen out of favour, especially in urban areas. However during the 1960s, there was a revival of interest in Irish

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and priests. Second, the mishandling of the paedophile scandals humiliated the Church, whose bishops seemed less concerned with the victims and more concerned with covering up for errant priests. Third, prosperity brought hedonism and materialism that undercut the ideals of saintly poverty.

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was first introduced during the Norman invasion. It was spoken by a few peasants and merchants brought over from England and was largely replaced by Irish before the Tudor conquest of Ireland. It was introduced as the official language during the Tudor and Cromwellian conquests. The Ulster

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is an institution through which ministers from the Government of Ireland and the Northern Ireland Executive agree all-island policies. At least six of these policy areas must have an associated all-island "implementation body," and at least six others must be implemented separately in each

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of the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a long-term influence. Irish is taught in mainstream Irish schools as a compulsory subject, but teaching methods have been criticised for their ineffectiveness, with most students showing little evidence of fluency even after fourteen years of

1191:. Ptolemy records sixteen nations inhabiting every part of Ireland in 100 AD. The relationship between the Roman Empire and the kingdoms of ancient Ireland is unclear. However, a number of finds of Roman coins have been made, for example at the Iron Age settlement of Freestone Hill near 6421:

Prior to partition in 1921, Ireland had a long history as an economic colony – first, partially, of the Norse, via their cities (9th to 10th centuries CE), and later, to varying extents, of polities related to England. Though the climate and soil favoured certain forms of agriculture,

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By the end of the 15th century, central English authority in Ireland had all but disappeared, and a renewed Irish culture and language, albeit with Norman influences, was again dominant. English Crown control remained relatively unshaken in an amorphous foothold around Dublin known as

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tradition collapsed in the face of the new religion. Irish Christian scholars excelled in the study of Latin and Greek learning and Christian theology. In the monastic culture that followed the Christianisation of Ireland, Latin and Greek learning was preserved in Ireland during the

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portrays an almost unbroken sequence of high kings stretching back thousands of years, but some modern historians believe the scheme was constructed in the 8th century to justify the status of powerful political groupings by projecting the origins of their rule into the remote past.

1083:) were said to have reached Ireland from either northern Iberia or southern Gaul. It was claimed that a second wave named the Euerni, belonging to the Belgae people of northern Gaul, began arriving about the sixth century BC. They were said to have given their name to the island. 5463:

The island fields a single international team in most sports. One notable exception to this is association football, although both associations continued to field international teams under the name "Ireland" until the 1950s. The sport is also the most notable exception where the

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The two official languages of the Republic of Ireland are Irish and English. Each language has produced noteworthy literature. Irish, though now only the language of a minority, was the vernacular of the Irish people for thousands of years and was possibly introduced during the

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lives. As of 2006, 4.3 million Canadians, or 14% of the population, were of Irish descent, while around one-third of the Australian population had an element of Irish descent. As of 2013, there were 40 million Irish-Americans and 33 million Americans who claimed Irish ancestry.

5992:(known as rashers) and the eating of salted butter (i.e. a dairy product rather than beef itself) have been a central feature of the diet in Ireland since the Middle Ages. The practice of bleeding cattle and mixing the blood with milk and butter (not unlike the practice of the 11420: 1738: 6039:

Since the last quarter of the 20th century, with a re-emergence of wealth in Ireland, a "New Irish Cuisine" based on traditional ingredients incorporating international influences has emerged. This cuisine is based on fresh vegetables, fish (especially salmon, trout,

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in Europe, with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century. Irish remained the dominant literary language down to the nineteenth century, despite the spread of English from the seventeenth century on. Prominent names from the medieval period and later include

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language, with some saying that an assumed processual view of Celtic linguistic formation is 'an especially hazardous exercise'. Genetic lineage investigation into the area of Celtic migration to Ireland has led to findings that showed no significant differences in

4569:, which are spoken by roughly 2% of Northern Ireland residents, and also spoken by some in the Republic of Ireland. Since the 1960s with the increase in immigration, many more languages have been introduced, particularly deriving from Asia and Eastern Europe. 1755:" struck Ireland and the rest of Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters. The winters destroyed stored crops of potatoes and other staples, and the poor summers severely damaged harvests. This resulted in the 1000:

How and when the island became Celtic has been debated for close to a century, with the migrations of the Celts being one of the more enduring themes of archaeological and linguistic studies. The most recent genetic research strongly associates the spread of

1693:) are estimated to include 20,000 battlefield casualties. 200,000 civilians are estimated to have died as a result of a combination of war-related famine, displacement, guerrilla activity and pestilence throughout the war. A further 50,000 were sent into 2250:

Large-scale emigration marked most of the post-WWII period (particularly during the 1950s and 1980s), but beginning in 1987 the economy improved, and the 1990s saw the beginning of substantial economic growth. This period of growth became known as the

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in 2007–2010, international rugby and soccer were played there. All GAA players, even at the highest level, are amateurs, receiving no wages, although they are permitted to receive a limited amount of sport-related income from commercial sponsorship.

3504:, is commonly found growing in the uplands and ferns are plentiful in the more moist regions, especially in the western parts. It is home to hundreds of plant species, some of them unique to the island, and has been "invaded" by some grasses, such as 1705:

estimated that 504,000 Catholic Irish and 112,000 Protestant settlers died, and 100,000 people were transported, as a result of the war. If a prewar population of 1.5 million is assumed, this would mean that the population was reduced by almost half.

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counter-protests. The government's reaction to confrontations was seen to be one-sided and heavy-handed in favour of unionists. Law and order broke down as unrest and inter-communal violence increased. The Northern Ireland government requested the

5282:, a physicist and mathematician, made innovations in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was Aether and Matter, a book on theoretical physics published in 1900. 1770:

was repealed, giving Ireland legislative independence from Great Britain for the first time since 1495. The British government, however, still retained the right to nominate the government of Ireland without the consent of the Irish parliament.

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A 16th-century perception of Irish women and girls, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by

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in particular, have popular surfing beaches, being fully exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Donegal Bay is shaped like a funnel and catches west/south-west Atlantic winds, creating good surf, especially in winter. Since just before the year 2010,

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The substance of the Agreement (formally referred to as the Belfast Agreement) was later endorsed by referendums in both parts of Ireland. The Agreement restored self-government to Northern Ireland on the basis of power-sharing in a regional

6668:, County Dublin. Supplies come from the Corrib Gas Field, off the coast of County Mayo, with a supply previously also coming from the Kinsale gas field off the County Cork coast. The County Mayo field faces some localised opposition over 11387: 3002:

sometimes snow and hail. The regions of north County Galway and east County Mayo have the highest incidents of recorded lightning annually for the island, with lightning occurring approximately five to ten days per year in these areas.

2780:, in France. Ireland has a total area of 84,421 km (32,595 sq mi), of which the Republic of Ireland occupies 83 percent. Ireland and Great Britain, together with many nearby smaller islands, are known collectively as the 10101: 11417: 5416:

is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island. In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by

743:, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 ( Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much 3362:

bogs and a variety of coastal habitats. However, agriculture drives current land use patterns in Ireland, limiting natural habitat preserves, particularly for larger wild mammals with greater territorial needs. With no large

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is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.

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consisting of a man, a woman and four children, would eat 18 stone (110 kg) of potatoes per week. Consequently, dishes that are considered as national dishes represent a fundamental simplicity to cooking, such as the

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Proportion of respondents to the Ireland census 2011 or the Northern Ireland census 2011 who stated they were Catholic. Areas in which Catholics are in the majority are blue. Areas in which Catholics are in a minority are

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are less so. Aquatic wildlife, such as species of sea turtle, shark, seal, whale, and dolphin, are common off the coast. About 400 species of birds have been recorded in Ireland. Many of these are migratory, including the

1918:, partly because it lacked coal and iron resources and partly because of the impact of the sudden union with the structurally superior economy of England, which saw Ireland as a source of agricultural produce and capital. 7086: 2039:

was passed. The Act was passed but with the "temporary" exclusion of the six counties of Ulster, which later became Northern Ireland. Before it could be implemented, however, the Act was suspended for the duration of the

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The 2022 population of the Republic of Ireland was 5,123,536 and that of Northern Ireland in 2021 was 1,903,100. These are Census data from the official governmental statistics agencies in the respective jurisdictions:

2307:, and until 1972 was a self-governing jurisdiction within the United Kingdom with its own parliament and prime minister. Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, was not neutral during the Second World War, and 8904: 2469:

The Republic of Ireland is a member state of the European Union while the United Kingdom is a former member state, having both acceded to its precursor entity, the European Economic Community (EEC), in 1973 but the UK

4523:). It has been argued that they tend to be more highly educated than monolingual English speakers. Recent research suggests that urban Irish is developing in a direction of its own, both in pronunciation and grammar. 4514:

There is now a growing population of urban Irish speakers in both the Republic and Northern Ireland, especially in Dublin and Belfast, with the children of such Irish speakers sometimes attending Irish-medium schools

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which exercise devolved powers. The executive is jointly headed by the first and deputy first minister, with the ministries being allocated in proportion to each party's representation in the assembly. Its capital is

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drawn from the unionist and nationalist parties. Violence had decreased greatly after the Provisional IRA and loyalist ceasefires in 1994 and in 2005 the Provisional IRA announced the end of its armed campaign and an

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inherited the crown of England and retained the Lordship of Ireland. Over the century that followed, Norman feudal law gradually replaced the Gaelic Brehon Law across large areas, so that by the late 13th century the

7466: 2082:. The British response, executing fifteen leaders of the Rising over a period of ten days and imprisoning or interning more than a thousand people, turned the mood of the country in favour of the rebels. Support for 6275:

Below is a comparison of the goods being sold and purchased between Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom, compared with the goods being exported and imported between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland:

2231:, particularly in the potential defence of Northern Ireland. Despite their country's neutrality, approximately 50,000 volunteers from independent Ireland joined the British forces during the war, four being awarded 5573:). However, both the IFA and FAI continued to select their teams from the whole of Ireland, with some players earning international caps for matches with both teams. Both also referred to their respective teams as 8897:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 1594:

in 1367. These were a set of laws designed to prevent the assimilation of the Normans into Irish society by requiring English subjects in Ireland to speak English, follow English customs and abide by English law.

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The Assembly and power-sharing Executive were suspended several times but were restored again in 2007. In that year the British government officially ended its military support of the police in Northern Ireland

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The religious struggles of the 17th century left a deep sectarian division in Ireland. Religious allegiance now determined the perception in law of loyalty to the Irish King and Parliament. After the passing of

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is increasingly popular in Ireland with clear waters and large populations of sea life, particularly along the western seaboard. There are also many shipwrecks along the coast of Ireland, with some of the best

3469:, and only 2% is native woodland. The average woodland cover of European countries is over 33%. In the Republic, about 389,356 hectares (3,893.56 km) is owned by the state, mainly by the forestry service 2272:

membership was helpful, giving the country lucrative access to markets that it had previously reached only through the United Kingdom, and pumping huge subsidies and investment capital into the Irish economy.

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in August. Harrington became the first European to win the PGA Championship in 78 years and was the first winner from Ireland. Three golfers from Northern Ireland have been particularly successful. In 2010,

5524:(GAA), with the exception of women's Gaelic football and camogie (women's variant of hurling), which are governed by separate organisations. The headquarters of the GAA (and the main stadium) is located at 9214: 4962:, in particular, was of such significance that it became Ireland's national symbol. Classical music following European models first developed in urban areas, in establishments of Anglo-Irish rule such as 4490:

from the 10th to 13th century, Early Modern Irish until the 17th century, and the Modern Irish spoken today. It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from

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from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided into many petty kingships under provincial kingships (Cúige "fifth" of the traditional provinces) vying for dominance and the title of

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of the 1930s, sales of Irish whiskey worldwide fell to a mere 2% by the mid-20th century. In 1953, an Irish government survey, found that 50% of whiskey drinkers in the United States had never heard of

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had established a feudal system throughout much of Ireland. Norman settlements were characterised by the establishment of baronies, manors, towns and the seeds of the modern county system. A version of

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Other sporting activities with the highest levels of playing participation include swimming, golf, aerobics, cycling, and billiards/snooker. Many other sports are also played and followed, including

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In the aftermath of the famine, an increase in industrial production and a surge in trade brought a succession of construction booms. The population soared in the latter part of this century and the

11488: 2389:" began. More than 3,600 deaths resulted over the subsequent three decades of conflict. Owing to the civil unrest during the Troubles, the British government suspended home rule in 1972 and imposed 1516:

further encouraged Henry to advance the integration of the Irish Church with Rome. Henry was authorised to impose a tithe of one penny per hearth as an annual contribution. This church levy, called

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million lives. The remaining decline of around three million was due to the entrenched culture of emigration caused by the dire economic state of the country, lasting until the late 20th century.

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connected with three interlinks and are also connected through Great Britain to mainland Europe. The situation in Northern Ireland is complicated by the issue of private companies not supplying

1950:. Mass emigration became deeply entrenched and the population continued to decline until the mid-20th century. Immediately prior to the famine the population was recorded as 8.2 million by the 9710: 6146:, is typically associated with Ireland, although historically it was more closely associated with London. Porter remains very popular, although it has lost sales since the mid-20th century to 10109: 4751:) was an outstanding poet in the oral tradition. The latter part of the nineteenth century saw a rapid replacement of Irish by English. By 1900, however, cultural nationalists had begun the 12591:"Initiative's latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005" 5981:

feature of the Irish economy was the herding of cattle, the number of cattle a person owned was equated to their social standing. Thus herders would avoid slaughtering a milk-producing cow.

11800: 10934: 7159: 6084:(who sold poor-quality whiskey bearing Irish-sounding names thus eroding the pre-prohibition popularity for Irish brands) and tariffs on Irish whiskey across the British Empire during the 2998:, avoiding the extremes in temperature of many other areas in the world at similar latitudes. This is a result of the moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the southwestern Atlantic. 1816:

was put down by British and Irish government and yeomanry forces. The rebellion lasted from the 24th of May to the 12th of October that year and saw the establishment of the short lived

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The algal and seaweed flora is that of the cold-temperate variety. The total number of species is 574 The island has been invaded by some algae, some of which are now well established.

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for local governmental purposes, but, as in the Republic, their traditional boundaries are still used for informal purposes such as sports leagues and in cultural or tourism contexts.

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is a joint parliamentary forum for the island of Ireland. It has no formal powers but operates as a forum for discussing matters of common concern between the respective legislatures.

7280: 4098:, is the largest city on the island. Belfast, with 579,726 residents, is the largest city in Northern Ireland. City status does not directly equate with population size. For example, 4051:

is often used as a synonym for Northern Ireland, although the two are not coterminous. In the Republic of Ireland, counties form the basis of the system of local government. Counties

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The earliest known Irish graphic art and sculpture are Neolithic carvings found at sites such as Newgrange and is traced through Bronze Age artefacts and the religious carvings and

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have been broken up into smaller administrative areas. However, they are still treated as counties for cultural and some official purposes, for example, postal addresses and by the

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All of the Irish kingdoms had their own kings but were nominally subject to the high king. The high king was drawn from the ranks of the provincial kings and ruled also the royal

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Ireland once dominated the world's market for whiskey, producing 90% of the world's whiskey at the start of the 20th century. However, as a consequence of bootleggers during the

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and sheep that roam over uncultivated areas. Grazing in this manner is one of the main factors preventing the natural regeneration of forests across many regions of the country.

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from northern Gaul and Britain. Later, Laighin tribes from Armorica (present-day Brittany) were said to have invaded Ireland and Britain more or less simultaneously. Lastly, the

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extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the

18222: 5557:

semi-final replay from Dublin to Belfast, Dublin-based clubs broke away to form the Football Association of the Irish Free State. Today the southern association is known as the

13846: 8874: 1202:

Ireland continued as a patchwork of rival kingdoms; however, beginning in the 7th century, a concept of national kingship gradually became articulated through the concept of a

8896: 3367:

in Ireland other than humans and dogs, such populations of animals as semi-wild deer that cannot be controlled by smaller predators, such as the fox, are controlled by annual

12988: 9352: 7027: 6100:

American broadcaster, remains popular domestically and has grown in international sales steadily over a few decades. Typically CNBC states Irish whiskey is not as smoky as a

4651:

These can be seen in the ornamentation of medieval religious and secular works. The style is still popular today in jewellery and graphic art, as is the distinctive style of

14098: 10494: 7458: 4433:

With growing prosperity since the last decade of the 20th century, Ireland became a destination for immigrants. Since the European Union expanded to include Poland in 2004,

14225: 12558: 7339: 3908:. About 4% of the Republic's population and about 14% of the Northern Ireland population describe themselves as of no religion. In a 2010 survey conducted on behalf of the 16538: 4437:

have comprised the largest number of immigrants (over 150,000) from Central Europe. There has also been significant immigration from Lithuania, Czech Republic and Latvia.

2711:

Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs and the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, dealing with non-devolved matters to do with Northern Ireland and non-devolved

11722: 11628: 10469: 2647:, from which Northern Ireland has gone through intermittent periods of direct rule during which devolved powers have been suspended. Northern Ireland elects 18 of the UK 921:, domesticated animals such as cattle and sheep, built large timber buildings, and stone monuments. The earliest evidence for farming in Ireland or Great Britain is from 16976: 14070: 11446: 12743: 11766: 11749: 4139: 13786: 11223: 1258:, arrived the following year. There is continued debate over the missions of Palladius and Patrick, but the consensus is that they both took place and that the older 759:(EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. 11524: 5842:

won gold at the 2006 World Indoor Championship in Moscow. Olive Loughnane won a silver medal in the 20k walk at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin in 2009.

7720: 6723:

as unsightly. The Republic is hindered by an ageing network that was not designed to handle the varying availability of power that comes from wind farms. The ESB's

6000:, made from blood, grain (usually barley) and seasoning, remains a breakfast staple in Ireland. All of these influences can be seen today in the phenomenon of the " 11009:

Guiry, M. D.; Nic Dhonncha, E. N. (2001). "The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters".

3602:

The population of Ireland is just over 7 million, of which approximately 5.1 million reside in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million reside in Northern Ireland.

2475: 15389: 14195: 12717: 12237: 16486: 15409: 12436: 10227: 9198: 8242: 2419: 2204:

During its first decade, the newly formed Irish Free State was governed by the victors of the civil war. When de Valera achieved power, he took advantage of the

1582:, Norman settlements in Ireland went into a period of decline. The Norman rulers and the Gaelic Irish elites intermarried and the areas under Norman rule became 7211: 6998: 6637:

has failed to modernise its power stations, and the availability of power plants has recently averaged only 66%, one of the worst such rates in Western Europe.

14159: 13719: 9696: 8026: 6719:

in Cork, Donegal, Mayo and Antrim. The construction of wind farms has in some cases been delayed by opposition from local communities, some of whom regard the

5683:. Irish rugby has become increasingly competitive at both the international and provincial levels since the sport went professional in 1994. During that time, 5520:

Gaelic football, hurling and Gaelic handball are the best-known Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games. Gaelic games are governed by the

15506: 13231: 12344: 7429: 10428: 13555: 1435:, known as 'Strongbow' owing to his prowess as an archer. The invasion, which coincided with a period of renewed Norman expansion, was at the invitation of 663:. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. The 11659: 11478: 7946: 7556: 14385: 13690: 12628: 3904:

is growing in Ireland, mostly through increased immigration, with a 50% increase in the republic between the 2006 and 2011 census. The island has a small

1486:, in 1155. The document apparently encouraged Henry to take control in Ireland in order to oversee the financial and administrative reorganisation of the 12310: 11065: 10533: 5514: 4562: 1895:

Secret Service Office, and the awarding of peerages, places and honours to secure votes. Thus, the parliament in Ireland was abolished and replaced by a

14273: 12598: 5955:

continues to increase its profile. Sea angling is developed with many beaches mapped and signposted, and the range of sea angling species is around 80.

5548:(IFA) was originally the governing body for soccer across the island. The game has been played in an organised fashion in Ireland since the 1870s, with 4503:

and English. It declined under British rule but remained the majority tongue until the early 19th century, and since then has been a minority language.

4425:

Emigration from Ireland in the 19th century contributed to the populations of England, the United States, Canada and Australia, in all of which a large

2674:

As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the British and Irish governments agreed on the creation of all-island institutions and areas of cooperation. The

16491: 11932: 11246: 9791: 7249: 5429:

is the most watched event in the sporting calendar. Soccer is the most widely played team game on the island and the most popular in Northern Ireland.

3040:. Temperatures fell as low as −17.2 °C (1 °F) in County Mayo on 20 December and up to a metre (3 ft) of snow fell in mountainous areas. 3037: 11847: 8993: 4666:

England and the Frankish Empire. These missions brought written language to an illiterate population of Europe during the Dark Ages that followed the

15502: 11165: 9690: 9329: 6951: 3405:

Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe. Until the end of the Middle Ages, Ireland was heavily forested. Native species include

13084: 6366:

Below is a comparison of the monthly cost of living and average wage after tax in Northern Ireland versus those in the Republic of Ireland in 2023:

4707:

Ireland has made a substantial contribution to world literature in all its branches, both in Irish and English. Poetry in Irish is among the oldest

14329: 13995:

It was inevitable that the depression of agriculture which followed the repeal should fall with greater severity on Ireland than on Great Britain.

13136: 4617:

Ireland's culture comprises elements of the culture of ancient peoples, later immigrant and broadcast cultural influences (chiefly Gaelic culture,

14724: 11811: 10914: 10257: 9484: 9167: 6916:"The Relative Lengths of Seashore Substrata Around the Coastline of Ireland as Determined by Digital Methods in a Geographical Information System" 3889:, representing over 73% of the island (and about 87% of the Republic of Ireland). Most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various 2155:

and make a statement of faithfulness to the king. Disagreements over these provisions led to a split in the nationalist movement and a subsequent

16348: 13200: 10610: 8638: 7155: 6187: 5493: 2315:

was not extended to Northern Ireland, and roughly an equal number volunteered from Northern Ireland as volunteered from the Republic of Ireland.

14307: 11467:"Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,000 or more persons: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012. 10306:

The British Isles are the islands of North-Western Europe comprising all of the UK, the Irish Republic, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

8953:'lave-hunts' certainly happened, though their extent has been exaggerated; there were probably 12,000 Irish in the West Indies by the late 1600s 7999: 7670: 4814:, though they spent most of their lives in England. The Anglo-Irish novel came to the fore in the nineteenth century, featuring such writers as 18970: 12766: 11885: 10850: 8761: 8351: 7218: 5894:

at Royal St. George's. In August 2012, McIlroy won his 2nd major championship by winning the USPGA Championship by a record margin of 8 shots.

2707: 13174: 12957: 12835: 11966: 7822: 6878: 4471:. It began to be written down after Christianisation in the 5th century and spread to Scotland and the Isle of Man, where it evolved into the 15568: 13054: 12513: 12466: 10357: 10146: 10050: 9571: 9299: 6716: 4440: 2772:, which has a width of 23 kilometres (14 mi) at its narrowest point. To the west is the northern Atlantic Ocean and to the south is the 968:

began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing

14129: 12935: 10020: 7277: 5091:

of the medieval period. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as

3605:

People have lived in Ireland for over 9,000 years. Early historical and genealogical records note the existence of major groups such as the

1498:, and there is no general agreement as to whether the bull was genuine or a forgery. Further, it had no standing in the Irish legal system. 19082: 16520: 13137:"Séamus Brennan, Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism comments on victory by Padraig Harrington in the 2007 British Open Golf Championship" 11043: 14448: 10892: 10715: 1726:, Roman Catholics and nonconforming Protestant Dissenters were barred from sitting as members in the Irish Parliament. Under the emerging 152: 19260: 19138: 15687: 15111: 15023: 14449:"Options For Future Renewable Energy Policy, Targets And Programmes issued by Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources" 13657: 13106: 8572: 7663:"The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland" 2719: 2338:

wanted Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom. The Protestant and Catholic communities in Northern Ireland voted largely along

2143:. It gave Ireland complete independence in its home affairs and practical independence for foreign policy, but an opt-out clause allowed 1888: 1870: 1767: 1604: 728: 13963:

All agricultural produce in Ireland , in fact, outperformed that of other European countries (it was twice that of France, for example).

11563: 11109: 10774: 9759: 8155: 5196:, an Irish explorer, was one of the principal figures of Antarctic exploration. He, along with his expedition, made the first ascent of 1673:

This control was consolidated during the wars and conflicts of the 17th century, including the English and Scottish colonisation in the

19092: 16534: 13752: 12657: 7867: 7306: 5766: 5465: 4008: 10979: 10202: 8112: 5362:

made progress in different fields of science, including mechanics and geometrical methods in general relativity. He had mathematician

4110: 18707: 16674: 16645: 15455: 15333: 13853: 11135: 9934: 8862: 8605: 5266:, he was the first to split the nucleus of the atom by artificial means and made contributions to the development of a new theory of 4118: 2769: 1351:

that was already deep-seated in Ireland. The Vikings were involved in establishing most of the major coastal settlements in Ireland:

597: 13821: 13020: 10747: 9862: 9362: 7608: 7180: 5931:

With thousands of lakes, over 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) of fish-bearing rivers and over 7,500 kilometres (4,660 mi) of

4662:

the fifth century. The Hiberno-Scottish missions, begun by the Irish monk Saint Columba, spread the Irish vision of Christianity to

3937: 644:

is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million living in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the

18975: 16353: 14989: 12995: 12801: 12019: 11933:"Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006" 11335: 10079: 7639: 7023: 5529: 5497: 4047:. The six counties that constitute Northern Ireland are all in the province of Ulster (which has nine counties in total). As such, 2414: 1978: 1824:. It saw numerous battles across the island with an estimated 30,000 dead with some listed below (for full list see main article.) 1226:

and even then was not a consistent one. Ireland did have a culturally unifying rule of law: the early written judicial system, the

14106: 12406: 7553: 18804: 18727: 18717: 16525: 15549: 15338: 14217: 12565: 11596: 7331: 5533: 5528:

in north Dublin and has a capacity of 82,500. Many major GAA games are played there, including the semi-finals and finals of the

5469: 3584: 2613: 1490:

and its integration into the Roman Church system. Some restructuring had already begun at the ecclesiastical level following the

7757: 2922:

limestone over the centre of the country, giving rise to a comparatively fertile and lush landscape. The west-coast district of

2350:. Over time, the minority Catholic community felt increasingly alienated with further disaffection fuelled by practices such as 2056:

in the war. A minority, approximately 13,000, retained the Irish Volunteers' name and opposed Ireland's involvement in the war.

18747: 18732: 18722: 15699: 15583: 15243: 14247: 11712: 11618: 10458: 2692: 2648: 1977:. O'Connell spearheaded a vigorous campaign that was taken up by the Prime Minister, the Irish-born soldier and statesman, the 1432: 645: 13933:(1998). "Peel, rotten potatoes, and providence: the repeal of the Corn Laws and the irish Famine". In Marrison, Andrew (ed.). 12899: 10656: 9023: 8836: 4462:

Proportion of respondents who said they could speak Irish in the Ireland census in 2011 or the Northern Ireland census in 2011

19102: 18737: 17121: 16501: 15532: 14930: 14895: 14854: 14813: 14775: 14747: 14707: 14654: 14633: 14608: 14566: 14534: 14504: 14067: 14015: 13944: 13651: 13594: 13513: 13482: 13451: 13420: 13325: 12377: 12278: 12177: 12150: 12128: 11999: 11916: 11557: 11438: 11281: 10928: 10594: 10000: 9970: 9704: 9674: 9649: 9618: 9515: 9454: 9426: 9245: 9208: 9151: 9123: 9095: 9054: 8977: 8946: 8809: 8784: 8725: 8700: 8675: 8545: 8484: 8457: 8429: 8149: 7903: 7799: 7701: 7423: 5827: 4411: 3851:. Many survived into late medieval times, others vanished as they became politically unimportant. Over the past 1,200 years, 3351: 2379: 14901: 14819: 14781: 14660: 14572: 14359: 13982: 13950: 13878: 12739: 12183: 11745: 11139: 10555: 10289: 8510: 5947:

fishing remain popular with anglers, salmon fishing, in particular, received a boost in 2006 with the closing of the salmon

2357:

In the late 1960s, nationalist grievances were aired publicly in mass civil rights protests, which were often confronted by

2255:. The Republic's real GDP grew by an average of 9.6% per annum between 1995 and 1999, in which year the Republic joined the 18960: 16403: 15786: 15672: 14423: 13782: 12861: 11514: 10957: 10402: 10142: 8054:"The Longue Durée of Genetic Ancestry: Multiple Genetic Marker Systems and Celtic Origins on the Atlantic Facade of Europe" 7121: 4677:

worldwide have become outposts of Irish culture, especially those with a full range of cultural and gastronomic offerings.

4080: 2228: 789:. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as 609: 12215: 10235: 2662:

and with Scotland, Northern Ireland forms one of the three separate legal jurisdictions of the UK, all of which share the

18742: 15741: 15654: 15611: 10819: 9802: 7731: 7053: 5932: 5592: 4202: 2663: 17: 12709: 6796: 4942:. Outside religious establishments, musical genres in early Gaelic Ireland are referred to as a triad of weeping music ( 2401:

was concluded as a treaty between the British and Irish governments, annexing the text agreed in the multi-party talks.

1625: 19170: 19097: 16506: 16270: 16173: 15667: 15578: 15353: 15156: 15116: 15104: 15099: 15087: 15015: 14185: 14045: 8058: 7578: 6177: 5845:

Golf is very popular, and golf tourism is a major industry attracting more than 240,000 golfing visitors annually. The

2180: 2176: 2083: 1970: 1942:

depression caused by the famine resulted in a further million people emigrating. By the end of the decade, half of all

1384: 751:

in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the

13939:. Free trade and its reception 1815–1960 : freedom and trade. Vol. 1. London: Psychology Press. p. 52. 12428: 12241: 18205: 18018: 15363: 15082: 13538: 12507: 12090: 12041: 11305: 10328: 9902: 9856: 6987: 5746: 5656: 4985: 4967: 4755:, which saw the beginnings of modern literature in Irish. This was to produce a number of notable writers, including 2588: 2390: 2371: 2281: 1105: 538: 12336: 10692: 10502: 9908: 8214: 8035: 3878:

The population of Ireland rose rapidly from the 16th century until the mid-19th century, interrupted briefly by the

2430:) and began withdrawing troops. On 27 June 2012, Northern Ireland's deputy first minister and former IRA commander, 2012:

Daniel O'Connell led a subsequent campaign, for the repeal of the Act of Union, which failed. Later in the century,

18829: 16529: 15553: 15185: 15128: 15068: 14391: 13283: 13223: 11689: 9874: 7411: 6645:

transmission line between Ireland and Great Britain with a capacity of 500 MW, about 10% of Ireland's peak demand.

6431: 6081: 3588: 1946:

was from Ireland. The period of civil unrest that followed until the end of the 19th century is referred to as the

1943: 1896: 1380: 1272: 692: 617: 3300:

in Ireland, and of them, only 26 land mammal species are considered native to Ireland. Some species, such as, the

1300:, ornate jewellery and the many carved stone crosses that still dot the island today. A mission founded in 563 on 17197: 16607: 16166: 15793: 15239: 13904: 11651: 6481: 5850: 5558: 4971: 2675: 2121:, which ended in a truce in July 1921 (although violence continued until June 1922, mostly in Northern Ireland). 1990: 1875:

As a direct result of the 1798 rebellion in its aftermath in 1800, the British and Irish parliaments both passed

1752: 1690: 1658:. English rule was reinforced and expanded in Ireland during the latter part of the 16th century, leading to the 724: 284: 12893: 10175: 7942: 6544:

The Dublin region receives the most tourists and is home to several of the most popular attractions such as the

5719:) have won the Heineken Cup. In addition to this, the Irish International side has had increased success in the 4540:

areas are in the west, south-west and north-west, in Galway, Mayo, Donegal, western Cork and Kerry with smaller

19523: 19403: 15798: 15694: 15368: 15348: 15303: 15001: 14395: 13682: 13257: 12620: 7528: 4585: 3905: 3024:, compared to 10 days at coastal stations. Ireland is sometimes affected by heat waves, most recently in 1995, 2304: 1982: 371: 12295: 11076: 10525: 3013:

Inland areas are warmer in summer and colder in winter. Usually around 40 days of the year are below freezing

1009:, with its arrival in Britain and Ireland dated to around the middle of the third millennium BC. According to 19175: 18188: 15776: 15485: 15399: 14277: 13618: 12590: 11591: 7057: 6675: 5228: 5212:. He is largely regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry and is best known for the formulation of 4735: 4715: 4482:

The Irish language has a vast treasury of written texts from many centuries and is divided by linguists into

3875:

and Eastern Europeans have all added to the population and have had significant influences on Irish culture.

3296:

and as a result, it has fewer land animal and plant species than Great Britain or mainland Europe. There are

2700: 2696: 2209: 1243: 1168:. These 'new' names were likely to have been the local names for the islands at the time. The earlier names, 328: 14757: 11940: 8997: 8311: 4890:

Modern Irish literature is often connected with its rural heritage through English-language writers such as

2972:

oil field was discovered, which was estimated to contain over 28 million barrels (4,500,000 m) of oil.

2815:, which rises to 1,039 m (3,409 ft) above sea level. The most arable land lies in the province of 1965:, primarily among the Roman Catholic population. The pre-eminent Irish political figure after the Union was 699:

claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century

19133: 18461: 16433: 15751: 15677: 15527: 15460: 15384: 15258: 15215: 14982: 11965:. Access Research Knowledge Northern Ireland (Queen's University Belfast / Ulster University). 9 May 2003. 11837: 9321: 9175: 6630: 5570: 4044: 3267: 3033: 2785: 2152: 1756: 1663: 11179: 10436: 6915: 6648:

As with electricity, the natural gas distribution network is also now all-island, with a pipeline linking

2986:

The island's lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent rainfall, earns it the sobriquet

2247:

state would have had great difficulty in defending itself from invasion from either side in the conflict.

19185: 19112: 18797: 17661: 16921: 15771: 15144: 14872: 14558: 13076: 11510: 9848: 7125: 6753: 6642: 6538: 6416: 6219: 6181: 5521: 4897: 4601: 3029: 2684: 2298: 2294: 2205: 2098: 2087: 2059: 1828: 1587: 1149: 752: 14337: 13144: 11274:

Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule 1556–1578

10267: 19468: 19212: 19107: 19087: 18824: 18232: 18107: 17712: 17681: 17061: 16476: 16115: 15781: 15475: 14721: 13196: 12120: 9476: 8755: 8628: 8537: 8345: 7928:

A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64

6661: 6225: 5724: 5660: 5617: 5545: 5426: 5386: 5377:

Ireland has nine universities, seven in the Republic of Ireland and two in Northern Ireland, including

5263: 4861:

is widely considered to be one of the most significant writers of the 20th century. Joyce's 1922 novel

4838: 3879: 3564: 3297: 2652: 2628: 2406: 2343: 1809: 1678: 1021:

developed. This contrasts with the traditional view that their origin lies in mainland Europe with the

12686: 10620: 2799:

A ring of coastal mountains surrounds low plains at the centre of the island. The highest of these is

1954:. The population has never returned to this level since. The population continued to fall until 1961; 691:

on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the ending of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th century

18965: 18193: 18028: 17656: 16183: 16039: 15759: 15573: 15495: 15480: 15465: 15313: 15248: 15210: 15200: 15190: 15050: 14600: 14299: 11879: 8141: 8008: 7662: 7116: 6769: 6575: 5382: 4811: 4130: 2632: 2621: 2442: 2410: 2118: 1682: 1659: 1394: 1388: 1207: 1013:

and others, Ireland in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-network culture called the

732: 700: 641: 17993: 16201: 13814:"Regional GDP GDP per capita in the EU in 2011: seven capital regions among the ten most prosperous" 13412: 13406: 12541: 10857: 9931:"'We Shall Overcome' ... The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978" 7396: 6703:

The Republic has a strong commitment to renewable energy and ranks as one of the top 10 markets for

4876: 4758: 4723: 2434:, shook hands with Queen Elizabeth II in Belfast, symbolising reconciliation between the two sides. 19245: 19117: 18533: 17967: 17943: 17269: 16428: 15558: 15172: 14952: 14683: 13109:. PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited, and Turner Sports Interactive. 23 January 2006. Archived from 12831: 11962: 11869: 8926: 8561: 7815: 6649: 6231: 6073: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5700: 5696: 5688: 5385:, as well as numerous third-level colleges and institutes and a branch of the Open University, the 5327: 5189: 4337: 2908: 2260: 2044:. The Irish Volunteers split into two groups. The majority, approximately 175,000 in number, under 1998: 1884: 1794: 1635: 1547: 1463: 1309: 1238: 1093: 629: 39: 13563: 13505: 13499: 13046: 12921: 12489: 12458: 11365: 10131: 10043: 9567: 9291: 7895:

Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature

2422:

supervised its disarmament and that of other nationalist and unionist paramilitary organisations.

2147:

to remain within the United Kingdom, which it immediately exercised. Additionally, Members of the

19518: 18244: 17892: 17438: 17152: 16971: 16861: 16496: 16445: 16161: 15913: 15662: 15522: 15328: 15273: 15263: 15230: 15063: 14975: 14767: 14137: 12306: 10965: 10361: 10016: 9888: 8379: 8298:

A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds

7791: 5787: 5770: 5649: 5489: 5408: 5390: 5285: 5193: 5088: 5082: 5058: 4652: 4640: 4637:

and Brittany. This combination of cultural influences is visible in the intricate designs termed

4076: 3474: 3344: 3025: 2945: 2580: 2519: 2511: 2498: 2413:, with entrenched protections for the two main communities. The Executive is jointly headed by a 2385:

Other groups, both the unionist and nationalist participated in violence, and a period known as "

2224: 2053: 2013: 1904: 1813: 1780: 1255: 1063: 1002: 621: 212: 11039: 8667: 8661: 2960:

off the County Mayo coast. This has increased activity off the west coast in parallel with the "

1451: 19513: 18790: 18712: 18631: 18594: 17666: 16951: 16946: 16516: 16393: 16019: 15539: 15394: 15283: 15234: 14455: 10882: 10161: 9764: 6669: 6502:. Several other places are on the tentative list, for example the Burren, the Ceide Fields and 6456: 6450: 5891: 5588: 5485: 5472:

field separate international teams. Northern Ireland has produced two World Snooker Champions.

5378: 5374:, became the first female president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 5315: 5259: 4975: 4827: 4729: 4561:

recognition is afforded to Irish, including specific protective measures under Part III of the

4106: 3929: 3494:

Much of the land is now covered with pasture and there are many species of wild-flower. Gorse (

2949: 2259:. In 2000, it was the sixth-richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Historian 2006: 1951: 1938: 1926: 1838: 1715: 1674: 1506: 1467: 1291: 984:, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as 914: 900:. Since 2021, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland is dated to 33,000 years ago. 843:

first recorded in the ninth century. The etymology of Ériu is disputed but may derive from the

755:. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the 704: 605: 14699: 14625: 14619: 14496: 14486: 13641: 13110: 12270: 12264: 11547: 8938: 8565: 8199: 7893: 6700:, although some urban suppliers distribute sods of turf as "smokeless fuel" for domestic use. 4766: 2961: 19393: 19238: 18934: 18478: 18293: 18038: 17938: 17309: 17147: 17126: 16178: 16149: 15682: 14739: 13474: 13468: 11101: 9769: 8401: 8135: 7381: 6800: 6085: 6049: 5862: 5835: 5371: 5319: 4796: 4708: 4702: 4566: 4500: 2555: 2398: 2394: 2347: 2330: 2114: 2017: 2002: 1915: 1817: 1763: 1731: 1608: 1567: 1436: 1347:

raiders plundered Irish monasteries and towns. These raids added to a pattern of raiding and

1180: 933:

to c. 4,350 BC. Field systems were developed in different parts of Ireland, including at the

903:

By about 8,000 BC, more sustained occupation of the island has been shown, with evidence for

748: 708: 7848: 7303: 5854: 5054: 4794:, often called the foremost satirist in the English language, gained fame for works such as 2934:

features. Significant stratiform lead-zinc mineralisation is found in the limestones around

2575:

The Republic of Ireland today ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of

2318: 19012: 18854: 18621: 18493: 18227: 17877: 17274: 17192: 17001: 16926: 16548: 16315: 16086: 16063: 15848: 15734: 15588: 15563: 15432: 15253: 15225: 14190: 10987: 10193: 8597: 8104: 7504: 6927: 6842: 6435: 5831: 5791: 5758: 5675:(including a quarter-final). There are four professional Irish teams; all four play in the 5672: 5668: 5363: 5307: 4974:

as well as the country houses of the Anglo-Irish ascendancy, with the first performance of

4868: 4846: 4453: 4020: 4012: 3921: 3473:. Remnants of native forest can be found scattered around the island, in particular in the 2731: 2579:

and in 2015 was ranked the sixth most developed nation in the world by the United Nations'

2523: 2504: 2130: 2078:

of 1916 was carried out by the latter group together with a smaller socialist militia, the

1848: 1808:) made common cause with Roman Catholics in a republican rebellion inspired and led by the 1727: 1694: 1591: 1203: 1122:-speaking people from Ireland who settled in western Scotland in the 6th century or before. 790: 736: 680: 652: 570: 460: 366: 81: 14846: 14836: 9930: 9278:

Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850

9047:

Arctic Ireland: The Extraordinary Story of the Great Frost and Forgotten Famine of 1740–41

8740: 7600: 4782: 2956:

in the mid-1970s. In 1999, economically significant finds of natural gas were made in the

2397:

of 1973. In 1998, following a ceasefire by the Provisional IRA and multi-party talks, the

2382:

and began a campaign against what it called the "British occupation of the six counties".

1785: 8: 19478: 19398: 19255: 19202: 19190: 18891: 18770: 18508: 18377: 18307: 18288: 18267: 18200: 18023: 17897: 17717: 17702: 17697: 17651: 17626: 17299: 17187: 17172: 16986: 16805: 16600: 16423: 16325: 16221: 16109: 15954: 15644: 15634: 15544: 15220: 15077: 15058: 15012: 13813: 13024: 12015: 11519: 11483: 10751: 10262: 9840: 9641: 9635: 7176: 6545: 6499: 6487: 6117: 6048:

and other shellfish), as well as traditional soda breads and the wide range of hand-made

5869:

in July 2007. He successfully defended his title in July 2008 before going on to win the

5823: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5209: 5201: 4842: 4658: 4581: 4375: 4095: 4040: 3925: 3529: 3350:

Several different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland,

3293: 2753: 2749: 2487: 2243: 2214: 2198: 2185: 2064: 2049: 2036: 1966: 1858: 1667: 1529: 1412: 1321: 1313: 1154: 1014: 881: 875: 844: 625: 589: 478: 473: 443: 361: 255: 31: 17907: 16250: 13746:"National Competitiveness Council Submission on the National Development Plan 2007–2013" 12809: 12402: 11327: 10075: 9144:

The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782–1992

8395: 8369: 7631: 7508: 6931: 6846: 2393:. There were several unsuccessful attempts to end the Troubles politically, such as the 1921: 1250:

to minister to the Irish "already believing in Christ". The same chronicle records that

19288: 19250: 19233: 19180: 19154: 18980: 18926: 18674: 18405: 18298: 18262: 18183: 18138: 18033: 17859: 17750: 17707: 17636: 17443: 17218: 16981: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16866: 16723: 16679: 16450: 16383: 16378: 16305: 16288: 16206: 15893: 15888: 15821: 15450: 15318: 15268: 15205: 15180: 15176: 15094: 15038: 14864: 14796: 14526: 14492: 13443: 13437: 13390: 13357: 12529: 9548: 9390: 9074: 8234: 8226: 8080: 8053: 7520: 6943: 6549: 6493: 6201: 5858: 5839: 5359: 4887:

is regarded as a modernist masterpiece and has been translated into several languages.

4597: 3442: 3414: 3036:. In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during 2981: 2869: 2840: 2757: 2592: 2515: 2459: 2190: 2167:. The civil war officially ended in May 1923 when de Valera issued a cease-fire order. 2136: 2079: 1880: 1876: 1719: 1662:. A near-complete conquest was achieved by the turn of the 17th century, following the 1620: 1513: 1169: 1032: 930: 922: 885: 864: 762: 720: 696: 688: 664: 416: 12102:

Brannon, Patrick V.: "Medieval Ireland: Music in Cathedral, Church and Cloister", in:

11586: 7080:"Census 2021 Main statistics for Northern Ireland, Statistical bulletin, Ethnic group" 5150: 2164: 1812:, with the aim of creating an independent Ireland. Despite assistance from France the 1685:. Irish losses during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (which, in Ireland, included the 19458: 19349: 19207: 18538: 18513: 18503: 18239: 18212: 18093: 17948: 17933: 17928: 17887: 17882: 17787: 17676: 17631: 17621: 17613: 17284: 17238: 17228: 17069: 16896: 16876: 16835: 16481: 16411: 16131: 15993: 15858: 15764: 15714: 15629: 15490: 15404: 14926: 14891: 14850: 14842: 14809: 14771: 14743: 14703: 14688: 14650: 14629: 14604: 14562: 14530: 14500: 13940: 13930: 13647: 13590: 13534: 13509: 13478: 13447: 13416: 13377: 13321: 12958:"Tokyo 2020: Kellie Harrington lands lightweight Olympic gold after dominant display" 12503: 12274: 12173: 12146: 12124: 12086: 11995: 11989: 11912: 11553: 11277: 10924: 10720: 10590: 9996: 9966: 9898: 9852: 9806: 9700: 9670: 9645: 9614: 9511: 9450: 9422: 9241: 9204: 9147: 9119: 9091: 9050: 8973: 8942: 8931: 8805: 8780: 8721: 8696: 8671: 8541: 8480: 8474: 8453: 8425: 8421: 8238: 8193: 8145: 8085: 7899: 7859: 7795: 7761: 7697: 7524: 7419: 7362:"https://publ.icgbio.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BGRSSB_2024_Abstracts-137-140.pdf" 6947: 6860: 6623: 6013: 5819: 5740: 5584: 5549: 5367: 5335: 5299: 5295: 5092: 5019: 4955: 4802: 4610: 4207: 4039:(north). In a system that developed between the 13th and 17th centuries, Ireland has 3897: 3886: 3391: 3375: 3305: 2995: 2857: 2761: 2745: 2688: 2680: 2659: 2537: 2431: 2367: 2021: 1962: 1843: 1790: 1686: 1440: 1337: 1268: 1172:, were likely to have been coined before direct contact with local peoples was made. 1127: 1088: 1076: 1022: 656: 100: 15987: 15724: 14251: 13132: 12883: 11418:

Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data

11194: 11173: 3912:, 32% of respondents said they went to a religious service more than once per week. 2545: 2492: 1711: 1520:, is extant in Ireland as a voluntary donation. In turn, Henry assumed the title of 19508: 19453: 19319: 19311: 19296: 19228: 19195: 18905: 18567: 18528: 18483: 18470: 18390: 18369: 18272: 18217: 17902: 17722: 17641: 17453: 17233: 17167: 17057: 16936: 16931: 16901: 16871: 16825: 16787: 16653: 16340: 16320: 16141: 16096: 15470: 15151: 15133: 15020: 14007: 13385: 13369: 12495: 10642: 9540: 9019: 8825: 8365: 8277: 8075: 8067: 7512: 7369: 6935: 6850: 6708: 6704: 6611: 6599: 6595: 6587: 6553: 6522: 6109: 6105: 5879: 5870: 5754: 5667:, making the quarter-finals in eight of them. Ireland also hosted games during the 5441: 5402: 5343: 5232: 5104: 5013: 4980: 4928: 4823: 4819: 4807: 4626: 4577: 4565:. A lesser status (including recognition under Part II of the Charter) is given to 4072: 4068: 3901: 3872: 3846: 3506: 3438: 3418: 3399: 3263: 3259: 2957: 2912: 2889: 2604: 2454:, and Northern Ireland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom. They share an 2427: 2232: 2220: 2194: 2160: 2144: 2032: 1853: 1517: 1333: 1329: 1247: 1215: 1018: 911: 778: 766: 740: 675: 633: 503: 289: 35: 12367: 6168:, a soft-drink, is consumed on its own and as a mixer, particularly with whiskey. 3465:. Only about 10% of Ireland today is woodland; most of this is non-native conifer 3292:, Ireland only had an ice bridge ending around 14,000 years ago at the end of the 884:, and until about 16,000 BC, much of Ireland was periodically covered in ice. The 19473: 19362: 19324: 19066: 19007: 18883: 18610: 18548: 18488: 18451: 18423: 18385: 18350: 18330: 18113: 18103: 18088: 17975: 17782: 17646: 17409: 17264: 17223: 17213: 17052: 16991: 16911: 16906: 16891: 16886: 16799: 16440: 16368: 16363: 16193: 16071: 15998: 15639: 15323: 15298: 14887: 14881: 14803: 14761: 14728: 14644: 14552: 14363: 14074: 13976: 13934: 13882: 12857: 12167: 11842: 11753: 11717: 11424: 11218: 11131: 10961: 10779: 10563: 10530:

The Karst of Ireland: Limestone Landscapes, Caves and Groundwater Drainage System

9357: 8504: 8500: 8375: 7788:

Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past

7632:"Reindeer bone found in north Cork to alter understanding of Irish human history" 7560: 7516: 7310: 7289: 7284: 7261: 7256: 6518: 6510: 6426:

frequently hobbled its development. Repeated invasions and plantations disrupted

6025: 5875: 5838:

won silver in the 20k walk at the 2003 World Championships, while sprint hurdler

5795: 5750: 5664: 5663:, governs the sport across the island. The Irish rugby team have played in every 5580: 5445: 5413: 5162: 5158: 5062: 5046: 5009: 5005: 4939: 4863: 4815: 4622: 4573: 4553: 4472: 4060: 3868: 3568: 3458: 3434: 3426: 3309: 3289: 3021: 2991: 2918:-aged rocks. This partial ring of "hard rock" geology is covered by a blanket of 2617: 2451: 2358: 2326: 2156: 2041: 1958:

was the final Irish county to record a population increase post-famine, in 2006.

1805: 1745: 1651: 1643: 1533: 1521: 1447: 1348: 1328:

on continental Europe after the fall of Rome. These missions continued until the

1325: 840: 770: 712: 351: 14416: 10954: 10406: 8863:"Charles James Fox, the Repeal of Poynings Law, and the Act of Union: 1782–1801" 6602:

are also of interest to tourists. Some have been converted into hotels, such as

5314:, County Armagh, discovered pulsars in 1967. Notable mathematicians include Sir 4882: 4191: 3616: 3332: 936: 19438: 19433: 19428: 19339: 19329: 19301: 19049: 19032: 19027: 18896: 18649: 18639: 18615: 18562: 18518: 18433: 18413: 18395: 18340: 18335: 18303: 18148: 18128: 17953: 17854: 17833: 17828: 17465: 17399: 17394: 17383: 17364: 17358: 17354: 17162: 17157: 17116: 17043: 17029: 16941: 16916: 16881: 16840: 16830: 16766: 16753: 16693: 16637: 16629: 16620: 16593: 16575: 16471: 16310: 16298: 16076: 15139: 15123: 15073: 14078: 13373: 13341:

Salaman, Redcliffe Nathan; Burton, William Glynn; Hawkes, John Gregory (1985).

12767:"New Zealand hold off Ireland in titanic battle to reach World Cup semi-finals" 12205: 11623: 10615: 7174: 6855: 6830: 6707:

investment in the 2014 Global Green Economy Index. Research and development in

6603: 6526: 6514: 6439: 6197: 6001: 5973: 5952: 5846: 5727:

in 2004, 2006 and 2007, culminated with a clean sweep of victories, known as a

5704: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5621: 5601: 5537: 5422: 5334:. remains influential in neo-classical microeconomic theory to this day; while 5303: 5236: 5224: 5213: 5208:

was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and early

5140: 5078: 5001: 4850: 4791: 4752: 4630: 4507: 4492: 4426: 4126: 4103: 3885:

Ireland's largest religious group is Christianity. The largest denomination is

3548: 3533: 3525: 3496: 3486: 2893: 2861: 2804: 2576: 2375: 2351: 2269: 2102: 1955: 1833: 1631: 1538: 1491: 1483: 1459: 1428: 1332:, establishing monasteries and centres of learning, producing scholars such as 1223: 1176: 1006: 977: 950: 782: 756: 671: 637: 585: 557: 547: 356: 276: 65: 19367: 14037: 11199:

Debate involving Former Minister for Environment Heritage and Local Government

10827: 9595:

Hull, Mark: "The Irish Interlude: German Intelligence in Ireland, 1939–1943",

8282: 8265: 7361: 7316: 7085:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. September 2022. p. 4. 5192:

was considered one of the leading intellectuals of the early Middle Ages. Sir

4685: 3272: 2819:. Western areas are mainly mountainous and rocky with green panoramic vistas. 2140: 1494:

in 1152. There has been significant controversy regarding the authenticity of

1278: 1017:

that also included Britain, western France and Iberia, and that this is where

953:. The fields were farmed for several centuries between 3,500 BC and 3,000 BC. 949:, arguably the oldest in the world, consisted of small divisions separated by 765:

has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of

19502: 19334: 19017: 18813: 18446: 18418: 18325: 18317: 18059: 18011: 17797: 17745: 17474: 17414: 17404: 17304: 17279: 17065: 16126: 15959: 15833: 15308: 15293: 14695: 13381: 12372: 10887: 9810: 7863: 7574: 7373: 6879:"Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas" 6864: 6804: 6724: 6656:, County Antrim. Most of Ireland's gas comes through interconnectors between 6607: 6503: 6423: 6135: 6101: 6090: 5997: 5993: 5964: 5887: 5692: 5355: 5347: 5331: 5279: 5267: 5255: 5244: 5134: 5128: 5096: 5025: 4997: 4963: 4891: 4854: 4690: 4618: 4476: 4434: 4091: 4064: 4052: 3462: 3454: 3364: 3313: 2965: 2919: 2820: 2800: 2781: 2644: 2583:. A period of rapid economic expansion from 1995 onwards became known as the 2463: 2322: 2308: 2075: 2068: 2025: 1702: 1655: 1583: 1525: 1487: 1420: 1296: 1283: 1251: 1057:

script and culture were brought to Ireland by waves of invading or migrating

1005:(including Celtic) through Western Europe with a people bringing a composite 613: 593: 241: 187: 167: 154: 4655:

and dance, and has become indicative of modern "Celtic" culture in general.

3696: 2148: 2108: 1607:

of 1494, Irish Parliamentary legislation was subject to the approval of the

19483: 19448: 18764: 18557: 18345: 17869: 17823: 17762: 17671: 17448: 17426: 17419: 16856: 16781: 16771: 16703: 16280: 16216: 16211: 16121: 16104: 15929: 15868: 15358: 15343: 14922: 12994:(Report). Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. p. 11. Archived from 12771: 12403:"John Bell: Belfast street named after physicist who proved Einstein wrong" 10323: 10318: 8633: 8089: 6939: 6720: 6591: 6567: 6561: 6534: 6165: 6121: 6068: 5939:

destination. The temperate Irish climate is suited to sport angling. While

5916: 5883: 5804: 5774: 5762: 5684: 5680: 5562: 5481: 5457: 5449: 5351: 5220: 5205: 5197: 5181: 5112: 5033: 4667: 4487: 4356: 4114: 3860: 3580: 3556: 3395: 3326: 2927: 2824: 2823:, the island's longest river at 360.5 km (224 mi) long, rises in 2812: 2584: 2455: 2386: 2363: 2312: 2252: 2113:) and government. Simultaneously the Volunteers, which became known as the 2045: 1974: 1900: 1741: 1586:. In some parts, a hybrid Hiberno-Norman culture emerged. In response, the 1478: 1408: 1294:, metalworking and sculpture flourished and produced treasures such as the 1219: 1047: 1039: 1010: 981: 946: 926: 897: 798: 774: 744: 655:

comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with

404: 398: 392: 110: 17048: 14333: 14136:. Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Archived from 12045: 11297: 11214:"Census Reveals Northern Ireland's Protestant Population is at Record Low" 6691:(known locally as "turf") as a source of energy for home fires. A form of 6196:

Despite the two jurisdictions using two distinct currencies (the euro and

3806: 3726: 3718: 3624: 2094: 1528:, in 1185. This defined the Anglo-Norman administration in Ireland as the 19463: 19044: 18944: 18679: 18664: 18065: 17984: 17792: 17777: 17767: 17740: 17566: 17519: 17431: 17177: 16794: 16698: 16585: 16417: 16330: 16029: 15973: 15934: 15195: 10678: 9892: 9841:"How much discrimination was there under the Unionist regime, 1921–1968?" 8300:, pp. 35–55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C 6697: 6665: 6583: 6530: 6427: 6139: 6113: 5921: 5907: 5800: 5749:. Ireland has won more medals in boxing than in any other Olympic sport. 5502: 5453: 5323: 5271: 5240: 5166: 5154: 5116: 5108: 4932: 4915: 4858: 4831: 4646: 4634: 4458: 4260: 4196: 4087: 4056: 3909: 3894: 3593: 3321: 2953: 2935: 2865: 2736: 2712: 2551: 2303:

Northern Ireland resulted from the division of the United Kingdom by the

2265: 1986: 1698: 1579: 1543: 1404: 1360: 1264: 1227: 893: 794: 786: 660: 410: 19372: 17334: 17100: 14675:

Ferriter, Diarmaid. "Women and political change in Ireland since 1960."

13720:"Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021" 13358:"Feast and Famine: a History of Food and Nutrition in Ireland 1500–1920" 12499: 9634:

Clancy, Patrick; Drudy, Sheelagh; Lynch, Kathleen; O'Dowd, Liam (1997).

9552: 7988:"A History of Ireland: From the Earliest Times to 1922" By Edmund Curtis 6449:

16th and 17th centuries: confiscation and redistribution of land in the

5137:, which was founded in 1904, and the national Irish-language theatre is 4774: 3838: 2242:

was also active in Ireland. Its operations ended in September 1941 when

2139:

was concluded between the British government and representatives of the

19443: 19377: 18602: 18590: 18043: 18007: 17807: 17772: 17732: 17324: 17086: 17077: 16511: 16034: 15944: 15908: 15898: 15704: 13279: 11774: 11161: 8826:"The Great Irish Famine: Laws that Isolated and Impoverished the Irish" 8629:"Scion of traitors and warlords: Why Bush is coy about his Irish links" 8418:

Saint Patrick's World: The Christian culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age

6712: 6680: 6653: 6579: 6009: 5985: 5925: 5866: 5569:

in 1923 and organised its first international fixture in 1926 (against

5525: 5506: 5339: 5251: 5100: 5066: 5037: 4992: 4959: 4954:). Vocal and instrumental music (e.g. for the harp, pipes, and various 3890: 3790: 3742: 3688: 3540:: the Celtic broadleaf forests and North Atlantic moist mixed forests. 3517: 3480: 3466: 3450: 3387: 2923: 2904: 2881: 2849: 2773: 2527: 1994: 1723: 1647: 1474: 1473:

The invasion was legitimised by reference to provisions of the alleged

965: 904: 889: 16155: 13908: 11298:"The Gazetteer of British Place Names: Main features of the Gazetteer" 8230: 5969: 4911: 4670:, earning Ireland the sobriquet, "the island of saints and scholars". 4158: 3632: 2450:

The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, an independent

1144:("Little Britain"), in contrast to the larger island, which he called 19357: 18002: 17109: 16543: 16264: 16048: 15903: 15878: 15853: 15278: 14962: 11810:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office. 22 November 2012. Archived from 10851:"Environment in Focus 2002: Key Environmental Indicators for Ireland" 9544: 8052:

McEvoy, B.; Richards, M.; Forster, P.; Bradley, D.G. (October 2004).

6634: 6571: 6557: 6463: 6021: 5554: 5510: 5050: 4872: 4674: 4547: 4529: 4518: 4496: 4483: 4394: 4129:, while no longer a city for administrative purposes (since the 2001 3814: 3774: 3734: 3710: 3680: 3640: 3537: 3521: 3446: 3406: 3383: 3379: 3374:

There are no snakes in Ireland, and only one species of reptile (the

2897: 2845: 2765: 2561: 2531: 2339: 1368: 1196: 1036: 1028: 831: 716: 601: 435: 17314: 17015: 16229: 15949: 14589:

Sixties Ireland: reshaping the economy, state and society, 1957–1973

11681: 9146:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. p. 28. 8394: 7493:"Sea-level change and inner shelf stratigraphy off Northern Ireland" 7492: 7111: 6926:(4). Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin: 501–508. 6212:

Below is a comparison of the regional GDP on the island of Ireland.

5177: 3656: 19059: 19022: 18910: 18864: 18659: 18123: 17576: 17531: 17495: 17483: 17329: 17289: 17104: 17096: 17091: 17073: 16996: 16733: 16728: 16713: 16455: 16388: 16053: 15939: 15883: 15288: 14276:. Commission for Energy Regulation. 28 January 2011. Archived from 13614: 13253: 10920: 8071: 7604: 7250:"Native trees cover just 2% of Ireland. How can this be increased?" 6657: 6143: 6125: 6058: 5948: 5912: 5290: 5029: 4468: 4280: 4122: 4043:. Twenty-six of these counties are in the Republic of Ireland, and 4028: 4024: 3967: 3951: 3864: 3798: 3782: 3766: 3336: 3317: 2915: 2900:

into more Ordovician and Silurian rocks, like that found in Wales.

2885: 2873: 2828: 2816: 2777: 2342:

lines, meaning that the government of Northern Ireland (elected by

1947: 1821: 1600: 1356: 1317: 1160: 1136: 942: 941:, that has been preserved beneath a blanket of peat in present-day 918: 580: 17344: 11479:"The Irish-American population is seven times larger than Ireland" 11102:"CAP Reform – A Long-term Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture" 9667:

Winning and Losing: the Changing Geography of Europe's Rural Areas

7979:

Early Peoples of Britain and Ireland: A-G Christopher Allen Snyder

7153: 7049: 6973: 6193:

Ireland and the United Kingdom measure these numbers differently.

4526:

Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the

3893:

denominations (about 48% of Northern Ireland). The largest is the

3750: 2715:

issues, are required to take place under the establishing treaty.

95: 18900: 18849: 18669: 18644: 18523: 18498: 18133: 18098: 18071: 17998: 17980: 17571: 17131: 16761: 16738: 16373: 16358: 16257: 16044: 16024: 14967: 14303: 14166:. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. 17 September 2008 11247:"Divorce rates soar in Ireland as population continues to expand" 10826:. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency . 2011. Archived from 9613:. San Francisco: International Scholars Publishers. p. 190. 7554:

The Island of Ireland: Drowning the Myth of an Irish Land-bridge?

6692: 6638: 6156: 6033: 5936: 5903: 5437: 5418: 4240: 4163: 4032: 3999: 3856: 3852: 3830: 3822: 3648: 3608: 3470: 3368: 3355: 3301: 3277: 3003: 2969: 2637: 2609: 2478:

which resulted in 51.9% of UK voters choosing to leave the bloc.

2153:

an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the Irish Free State

2031:

Their formation was followed in 1914 by the establishment of the

1455: 1364: 1305: 1131: 1068: 1043: 973: 299: 18859: 18782: 7416:

The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set

5761:. In 2008 Kenneth Egan won a silver medal in the Beijing Games. 5723:

against the other European elite sides. This success, including

5553:

incident in which, despite an earlier promise, the IFA moved an

4147: 3758: 2864:, is a medium- to high-grade metamorphic and igneous complex of 2001:, to introduce such a bill following the Union of 1801, fearing 1399: 1053:

The long-standing traditional view is that the Celtic language,

835: 624:

in the world. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the

552: 19408: 19054: 18939: 18839: 18654: 18441: 18223:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

18143: 18118: 18082: 18076: 17989: 17912: 17838: 17757: 17259: 16743: 16688: 16243: 16236: 16081: 16014: 15873: 14360:"Northern Ireland Energy Holdings – Frequently Asked Questions" 13143:. Dublin: Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. Archived from 10405:. Inland Waterways Association of Ireland. 2014. Archived from 10041: 8336:

Jaski, Bart (2005). "Kings and kingship". In Seán Duffy (ed.).

6548:

and Book of Kells. The west and south west, which includes the

6129: 6054: 6045: 6041: 5940: 5644:

and 2016. Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the

5433: 5311: 5275: 5146: 4606: 4299: 4219: 4152: 4099: 4036: 3983: 3664: 3552: 3430: 3007: 2939: 2471: 2239: 1973:

in a surprise result and despite being unable to take his seat

1804:

In 1798, members of the Protestant Dissenter tradition (mainly

1501: 1424: 1352: 1344: 1230:, administered by a professional class of jurists known as the 1192: 1188: 1072: 985: 958: 806: 684: 509: 485: 447: 376: 267: 123: 30:

This article is about the island. For the sovereign state, see

14105:. National Tourism Development Authority. 2006. Archived from 12796: 12794: 12792: 7849:"Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History" 7490: 7366:Четырнадцатая международная мультиконференция : Тез. докл 5826:

won two medals at 5,000 metres on the track; gold at the 1995

4806:. Other notable 18th-century writers of Irish origin included 2627:

Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a local

18915: 18844: 17543: 17349: 17294: 17182: 16776: 16718: 16708: 16666: 16616: 16293: 15863: 13173:. R&A Championships Ltd. 16 December 2009. Archived from 10883:"Ireland now has the 'second-smallest' forest area in Europe" 10611:"Providence sees Helvick oil field as key site in Celtic Sea" 6151: 6147: 6017: 5989: 5988:

were more common than beef, and thick fatty strips of salted

5944: 5808: 5676: 4871:

and his life is celebrated annually on 16 June in Dublin as "

4663: 4318: 3672: 3501: 3422: 2931: 2877: 2566:, who is appointed by the president on the nomination of the 1911: 1259: 1119: 1115: 1080: 1058: 1054: 954: 929:, where a flint knife, cattle bones and a sheep's tooth were 632:), a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island, and 14454:. Hibernian Wind Power Ltd. 27 February 2004. Archived from 10809:

Irish Biogeographic Society Occasional Publications Number 2

8195:

Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation

8051: 8007:. Dublin: Irish Government Stationery Office. Archived from 7898:. Oxbow Books and Celtic Studies Publications. p. 384. 5882:, and the first European to win that tournament since 1970. 2587:

period, was brought to an end in 2008 with an unprecedented

1126:

The earliest written records of Ireland come from classical

18834: 17802: 17339: 17319: 17254: 17082: 14250:. Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO). Archived from 12789: 12682: 9531:

Gwynn, Stephen (January 1934). "Ireland Since the Treaty".

6974:"Population at Each Census by Sex and County, 1841 to 2022" 6688: 6445:

Salient events in the economic history of Ireland include:

6097: 6062: 6029: 5745:

Amateur boxing on the island of Ireland is governed by the

5566: 5042: 4102:, with 14,590 is the seat of the Church of Ireland and the 3528:, Ireland belongs to the Atlantic European province of the 3359: 2256: 1301: 1222:. The concept did not become a political reality until the 1110: 989: 969: 812:

The country is ranked *second* in 2024 Global Peace Index.

802: 773:, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through 515: 13936:

Freedom and Trade: Free trade and its reception, 1815–1960

12784:

let the record state: eight quarter-finals, eight defeats.

11767:"Belfast Gaeltacht inspired Irish speakers all over North" 11515:"Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland" 11002: 10585:

Shannon, Pat; Haughton, P. D. W.; Corcoran, D. V. (2001).

9633: 9116:

Feast and Famine: Food and Nutrition in Ireland, 1500–1920

7891: 7332:"Brexit Questions and Answers | Northern Ireland Assembly" 6727:

facility is the only power-storage facility in the state.

4837:

In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the

4133:), is entitled by law to continue to use the description. 2591:

and an economic depression in 2009. According to the 2024

1737: 1099: 15981: 14646:

The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland

12651:"Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland" 10848: 10044:"Independent International Commission on Decommissioning" 8802:

Adrian IV, the English Pope, 1154–1159: Studies and Texts

8324:

A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland

6564:

in County Galway, are also popular tourist destinations.

4918:, one of the most significant writers of the 20th century 3410: 2595:, Ireland is the 2nd most peaceful country in the world. 2086:

further due to the ongoing war in Europe, as well as the

2016:

and others campaigned for autonomy within the Union, or "

1961:

The 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern

14186:"Luxury hotels included in "significant buildings" list" 13751:. National Competitiveness Council. 2006. Archived from 12656:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 12564:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 11075:. Environment and Heritage Service. 2007. Archived from 11024:

Minchin, D. (2001). "Biodiversity and Marine Invaders".

10716:"Sub-zero temperatures make 2010 a record-breaking year" 7175:

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2022).

5769:(where Ireland came 2nd in the overall medal table) and 5274:, is the person whom the absolute temperature unit, the 2994:

with few extremes. The climate is typically insular and

1714:, and the victory of the forces of the dual monarchy of 15410:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

14718:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970-2000

13021:"Kildare at the heart of the Irish bloodstock industry" 12710:"For First Time, Croke Park Is Ireland's Common Ground" 11357: 10584: 9887: 9733:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970–2000

9692:

The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries

9510:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 719–748. 9449:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 478–530. 9421:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 376–400. 6053:

foods can be found throughout the country, for example

3378:) is native to the island. Extinct species include the 1899:

in London, though resistance remained, as evidenced by

14127: 12165: 10587:

The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins

10042:

Nieminen, Tauno; de Chastelain, John; Andrew D. Sens.

9697:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

9386:"Ireland Learns to Adapt to a Population Growth Spurt" 8835:. New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education. 1998. 8479:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7050:"Population Usually Resident and Present in the State" 6914:

Neilson, Brigitte; Costello, Mark J. (22 April 1999).

1634:

in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the

1267:

in contrast to elsewhere in Western Europe, where the

17535: 14957: 13978:

Sixty Points Against Home Rule: A "modern-eye"-opener

10342:

British and Irish Isles or simply Britain and Ireland

7278:"Ireland's native woodlands are quietly disappearing" 5976:, an example of the resurgence in Irish cheese making 5624:. The Republic qualified for the World Cup finals in 5200:

and the discovery of the approximate location of the

4894:

and Seamus Heaney and Irish-language writers such as

4629:). In broad terms, Ireland is regarded as one of the 3516:

Because of its mild climate, many species, including

2872:. Across southeast Ulster and extending southwest to 2796:

is sometimes used as a neutral term for the islands.

719:, and was extended during the 18th century. With the 539: 518: 17921: 15140:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

14330:"Bord Gáis Marks Completion of South-North Pipeline" 13777: 13775: 13773: 12685:. Croke Park Stadium / Gaelic Athletic Association. 12429:"Five Irish Scientists Who Put Chemistry on the Map" 12085:(Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing, 2004), 10501:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 2007. Archived from 10282: 9353:"1841: A window on Victorian Britain – This Britain" 7715: 7713: 6570:, built during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries in 6270: 5818:

Irish athletics is an all-Ireland sport governed by

5306:

and was nominated for a Nobel prize. The astronomer

5107:. Contemporary Irish visual artists of note include 2464:

free movement of people, goods, services and capital

1997:

had opposed the plan of the earlier Prime Minister,

1532:. When Henry's successor died unexpectedly in 1199, 1505:

Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the

849: 521: 512: 14218:"Dromoland Castle Hotel is a dreamland for golfers" 13584: 13340: 13167:"Peter Dawson speaks about golf's Olympic ambition" 12337:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 – Presentation Speech" 10986:. National Museums Northern Ireland. Archived from 10523: 9933:. Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. 1978. 9591: 9589: 9440: 9438: 8994:"A Short History of Ireland: The Curse of Cromwell" 8746:, Colmán N. (2005). "Papacy". In Seán Duffy (ed.). 7154:Central Statistics Office, Ireland (23 June 2022). 6633:with enough power. In the Republic of Ireland, the 5515:

2005 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final

5370:, born in Ireland and most known for her work with 4563:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

2655:is a cabinet-level post in the British government. 1985:through Parliament, aided by future prime minister 687:raids and settlement took place culminating in the 683:. In the late 8th century to early 11th century AD 506: 14687: 14601:Environmental Institute, University College Dublin 14594: 14362:. Northern Ireland Energy Holdings. Archived from 13585:Blocker, Jack; Fahey, David; Tyrrell, Ian (2003). 13562:. Public Radio International (PRI). Archived from 13311: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13303: 13301: 10775:"Balmy start to November sees record temperatures" 9995:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 56–100. 9470: 9468: 9466: 8930: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7418:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 750. 6509:Some of the most visited sites in Ireland include 5886:, at the age of 22, won the 2011 U.S. Open, while 5561:(FAI). Despite being initially blacklisted by the 5133:The Republic of Ireland's national theatre is the 3288:Unlike Great Britain which had a land bridge with 1879:that, with effect from 1 January 1801, merged the 1423:knights, with an army of about 600 men, landed at 674:had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was 15503:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 14838:Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story 14649:. Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co. p. 768. 14617: 13770: 12884:"RTÉ News: Irish boxer loses out on Olympic gold" 12627:. Derry/Londonderry: Nerve Centre. 14 July 2008. 11380: 11207: 11205: 11008: 10807:Biogeography of Ireland: past, present and future 10799: 10102:"Country Comparison: GDP – per capita (PPP)" 9965:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 33–56. 9760:"Ireland's Economy Suffered Record Slump in 2009" 9109: 9107: 8509:. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 9, 87, 117. 8476:Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity 7781: 7779: 7710: 7486: 7484: 7156:"Census of Population 2022 – Preliminary Results" 7145: 7143: 6756:wrote 50,000, T. N. Burke said 80,000 to 100,000. 4867:is considered one of the most important works of 4787:continue to produce scores of titles every year. 4094:. Dublin, with over one million residents in the 3246:Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high) 2948:is ongoing following the first major find at the 1914:industry, Ireland was largely passed over by the 19500: 14879: 12742:. Football Association of Ireland. 5 June 2009. 12115:Buckley, Ann: "Medieval Ireland, Music in", in: 12071:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. 10296:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023 9586: 9435: 9113: 9070: 9068: 9066: 8693:A History of Ireland from Earliest Times to 1922 7026:. Central Statistics Office. 25 September 2023. 7024:"Population and Migration Estimates, April 2023" 6831:"Beyond the boundaries in the island of Ireland" 6764: 6762: 6529:. Historically important monastic sites include 6065:, a doughy white bread particular to Waterford. 4633:of Europe, alongside Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, 2911:, is an area of substantially deformed, lightly 1789:"The Camp on Vinegar Hill" - an illustration by 745:civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s 16349:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 14805:A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy Since the 1920s 13785:. Central Statistics Office. 27 February 2020. 13501:The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture 13345:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. 13298: 12613: 12066: 11829: 11743:John Walsh; Bernadette OʼRourke; Hugh Rowland, 11578: 9640:. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 9463: 9137: 9135: 9020:"Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery" 8967: 8963: 8961: 7444: 6913: 6188:International Financial Services Centre, Dublin 5494:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 4834:, noted for his epigrams, was born in Ireland. 3006:, in the south, records the least snow whereas 2892:province of Scotland. Further south, along the 1374: 1061:from mainland Europe. This theory draws on the 14595:Dennison, Gabriel; Ni Fhloinn, Baibre (1994). 14550: 13907:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13881:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13466: 13343:The History and Social Influence of the Potato 12986: 12922:"Katie Taylor wins World Boxing Championships" 12303:Understanding Science: Famous Irish Scientists 12287: 11963:"Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999" 11643: 11202: 10435:. Geological Survey of Ireland. Archived from 10311: 9843:. In Gallagher, Tom; O'Connell, James (eds.). 9508:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9447:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9419:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9238:Culture and Capitalism in Contemporary Ireland 9235: 9104: 8777:Henry II: A Medieval Soldier at War, 1147–1189 8684: 7776: 7481: 7219:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine 7158:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office, Ireland. 7140: 5765:secured bronze in those games and gold in the 4771:and others. Irish-language publishers such as 2701:Foyle, Carlingford and Irish Lights Commission 2354:and discrimination in housing and employment. 2333:"using all means which may be found necessary" 2213:the state was declared, officially, to be the 995: 735:in the early 20th century was followed by the 18798: 17499: 16601: 14983: 14863: 14756: 14093: 14091: 14089: 14087: 13975:Battersby, Thomas Stephenson Francis (1912). 13808: 13806: 13804: 13320:. Oxford University Press. pp. 407–408. 13315: 12989:Review of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund 12683:"Croke Park. Not just a venue. A destination" 12359: 12166:O'Kelly, Michael J.; O'Kelly, Claire (1982). 12123:and Barra Boydell (Dublin: UCD Press, 2013), 11552:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 156. 10391:. Dublin: Allen Figgis & Co. p. 240. 10108:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 9945:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9919:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9240:. Hampshire, UK: Avebury Press. p. 119. 9203:. Oxford University Press. pp. 314–330. 9114:Clarkson, Leslie; Crawford, Margaret (2001). 9063: 8659: 8326:, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 182–234. 8266:"Ptolemy's Map of Ireland: a Modern Decoding" 7593: 6759: 6132:) is probably the best-known Irish cocktail. 3394:. Some previously extinct birds, such as the 2990:. Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable 2679:jurisdiction. The implementation bodies are: 2264:easier still by generous incentives from the 1969:. He was elected as Member of Parliament for 17487: 14916: 14880:Woodcock, N. H.; Strachan, Robin A. (2000). 14808:. Manchester University Press. p. 246. 13683:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 13677: 13675: 13615:"Irish Whiskey's Growth Not Just About Luck" 13608: 13606: 12494:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 12368:"William Thomson: king of Victorian physics" 11991:The Oxford Companion to the English Language 11652:"Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End" 11094: 11026:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 11011:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 10548: 10358:"FAQ: What is the longest river in Ireland?" 10352: 10350: 10191: 9132: 8958: 8028:The Question of the Celticization of Ireland 7755: 6361: 6128:of coffee and whiskey reputedly invented at 6096:Irish whiskey, as researched in 2009 by the 5302:and a paper concerning the discovery of the 3915: 3312:, are very common, whereas others, like the 2764:. It is separated from Great Britain by the 2542:(the Dáil), a house of representatives, and 2476:referendum on EU membership was held in 2016 2024:were formed in 1913 under the leadership of 1179:referred to Ireland by this name too in its 711:was designed to materially disadvantage the 19261:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 17547: 17511: 15112:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 14834: 14797: 14300:"Interconnection: East-West Interconnector" 14248:"About SEMO: The Single Electricity Market" 13905:"Cost of living in the Republic of Ireland" 13841: 13839: 13553: 13528: 12929: 12891: 12808:. European Club Rugby. 2014. Archived from 12269:. Working and Living Publications. p. 12209: 11939:. Central Statistics Office. Archived from 11911:. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. 11877: 11192: 11171: 11017: 10772: 10740: 10686: 10671: 10650: 10132:"Human Development Report 2015: Table A1.1" 9989: 9959: 9081: 9075: 8741: 8472: 8340:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 251–254 . 8317: 8309: 7892:John T. Koch; Barry Cunliffe, eds. (2010). 7629: 7548: 7546: 7314: 6491: 6459:occasioned depopulation and mass emigration 5138: 5017: 4903: 4895: 4880: 4780: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4733: 4721: 4713: 4541: 4535: 4527: 4516: 3844: 3836: 3828: 3820: 3812: 3804: 3796: 3788: 3780: 3772: 3764: 3756: 3748: 3740: 3732: 3724: 3716: 3708: 3702: 3694: 3686: 3678: 3670: 3662: 3654: 3646: 3638: 3630: 3622: 3614: 3606: 3237: 2792:in relation to Ireland, the alternate term 2720:North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association 2567: 2559: 2543: 2535: 2496: 2446:Political entities on the island of Ireland 2106: 2097:, received overwhelming endorsement in the 1993:to sign the Bill and proclaim it into law. 1889:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1871:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1864: 1071:were said to be the first, followed by the 934: 825: 574: 73: 57: 18971:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 18805: 18791: 17523: 16615: 16608: 16594: 16535:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 14990: 14976: 14520: 14084: 13801: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13467:Davenport, Fionn; Smith, Jonathan (2006). 12491:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 11545: 11430: 11211: 10984:Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland 10849:M Lehane; O Le Bolloch; P Crawley (eds.). 10635: 10290:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)" 10139:Human Development Index and its components 9757: 9298:. University of Houston. 7 November 2008. 9200:Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780–1939 9090:. Cambridge University Press. p. 12. 8779:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 239. 8760:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8750:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 361–362. 8350:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8263: 8191: 7409: 7293:, 19 June 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7273: 7271: 7245: 7243: 5915:has hosted European championship surfing. 5767:2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships 5565:' associations, the FAI was recognised by 4201: 4190: 4157: 4146: 4019:Traditionally, Ireland is subdivided into 3398:, have been reintroduced after decades of 2708:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 2669: 2643:Ultimately political power is held by the 1524:which Henry conferred on his younger son, 109: 94: 34:. For the part of the United Kingdom, see 14883:Geological History of Britain and Ireland 14545:Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006 13981:. Unionist assoc. of Ireland. p. 7. 13974: 13672: 13639: 13603: 13497: 13435: 13404: 13389: 13282:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13256:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13047:"Loughnane claims silver medal in Berlin" 12365: 11981: 11682:"Head-to-Head: The Irish Language Debate" 11439:"Has Australia forgotten its Irish past?" 11350: 11136:Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) 10589:. London: Geological Society. p. 2. 10347: 10192:Ritchie, Heather; Ellis, Geraint (2009). 10076:"Queen and Martin McGuinness shake hands" 9599:, Vol. 66, No. 3 (July 2002), pp. 695–717 9265:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 9168:"Ireland AD 1750–1900 The Industrial Age" 8626: 8281: 8079: 7414:. In Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert (eds.). 7265:, 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7206: 7204: 7202: 7200: 6854: 6790: 6788: 6687:Ireland has an ancient industry based on 5878:became the first Irish golfer to win the 5235:, is best known for his invention of the 1614: 1562:for, the English church at the time, the 270:, pop. 1,458,154 Metropolitan Area (2022) 16354:Association football in Northern Ireland 14521:Becker, Annette; Wang, Wilfried (1997). 13836: 13589:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 653. 13587:Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History 13362:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 13023:. The Curragh Racecourse. Archived from 12707: 12553: 12551: 12463:World Intellectual Property Organization 12140: 11987: 11764: 11746:Research Report on New Speakers of Irish 11587:"Ireland Steps Up as Immigration Leader" 11509: 11436: 11271: 11244: 10812: 9669:. Chippenham, UK: Ashgate. p. 234. 9637:Irish Society: Sociological Perspectives 9565: 9280:. Oxon: Taylor and Francis. p. 152. 9260: 9118:. Oxford University Press. p. 274. 8627:Chrisafis, Angelique (25 January 2005). 8604:. Ancestry Publishing. 6 December 1998. 8531: 8264:Darcy, R.; Flynn, William (March 2008). 7925: 7840: 7760:. Office of Public Works. Archived from 7601:"Earliest evidence of humans in Ireland" 7543: 6674: 6160:(marketed in the Republic of Ireland as 6067: 5968: 5799: 5579: 5530:All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 5501: 5498:Association football in Northern Ireland 5176: 4996:traditional music led by groups such as 4910: 4684: 4605: 4457: 3592: 3547: 3543: 3536:. The island can be subdivided into two 3479: 3331: 3271: 2860:. In the west, around County Galway and 2844: 2735: 2608: 2491: 2441: 2415:First Minister and deputy First Minister 2317: 2184: 2163:and those opposed to the treaty, led by 2058: 1989:, Wellington prevailed upon a reluctant 1920: 1784: 1736: 1624: 1500: 1398: 1371:, as well as other smaller settlements. 1277: 1109: 1027: 888:was less than 50m lower resulting in an 15550:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 13929: 13705: 13131: 12597:. Finfacts Multimedia. 4 January 2006. 12293: 12262: 11906: 11793: 11710: 11704: 11023: 9664: 9627: 9608: 9474: 9350: 9196: 9044: 8715: 8473:Dowley, Tim; et al., eds. (1977). 8415: 8364: 8176: 8133: 8024: 7997: 7858:. 9 (Acta Palaeohispanica X): 339–351. 7491:Andrew Cooper & D. Jackson (2006). 7268: 7240: 6824: 6822: 6434:also contributed to repeated phases of 5534:All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 3585:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 2093:The pro-independence republican party, 1340:and exerting much influence in Europe. 1100:Late antiquity and early medieval times 302:, pop. 671,559 Metropolitan Area (2011) 207:84,421 km (32,595 sq mi) 14: 19501: 17464: 14682: 14624:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 14551:Collins, Neil; Cradden, Terry (2001). 14515:The making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923 14484: 13783:"County Incomes and Regional GDP 2018" 13646:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 348. 13355: 13221: 12938:from the original on 23 September 2012 12764: 12409:from the original on 24 September 2015 12334: 12008: 11870:"Where are Ireland's Gaeltacht areas?" 11801:"Press Statement: Census 2011 Results" 11584: 11566:from the original on 29 September 2013 11253:from the original on 19 September 2016 11212:McKittrick, David (19 December 2002). 10386: 10368:from the original on 29 September 2015 9985: 9955: 9832: 9820:from the original on 23 September 2015 9487:from the original on 25 September 2022 9263:Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic 9236:Keating, Paul; Desmond, Derry (1993). 9022:. University of Minnesota Law School. 8925: 8799: 8774: 8690: 8666:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8663:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History 8499: 8447: 8443: 8441: 7940: 7930:. The Prehistoric Society. p. 61. 7691: 7197: 7030:from the original on 25 September 2023 6785: 4534:, are in linguistic decline. The main 2693:Special European Union Programmes Body 2481: 2409:drawn from the major parties in a new 2370:population. In 1969, the paramilitary 1799:History of the Irish rebellion in 1798 869: 579: 18786: 18696: 18588: 18367: 18169: 17601: 17381: 17027: 16664: 16589: 15819: 15609: 15430: 15036: 14971: 14642: 14409: 14394:, pp. 22, 24, 26, archived from 14310:from the original on 22 February 2020 14048:from the original on 1 September 2015 13660:from the original on 4 September 2015 13411:. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing. p. 13234:from the original on 21 December 2013 13197:"In Pictures: Harrington wins US PGA" 12902:from the original on 20 December 2013 12720:from the original on 11 November 2012 12708:Moynihan, Michael (6 February 2007). 12548: 12469:from the original on 2 September 2021 12316:from the original on 4 September 2015 12294:Reville, William (14 December 2000). 12169:Newgrange: Archaeology Art and Legend 12117:The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland 11888:from the original on 7 September 2015 11725:from the original on 16 February 2018 11662:from the original on 6 September 2013 11649: 11476: 11160: 11142:from the original on 15 December 2017 11112:from the original on 22 December 2009 10937:from the original on 4 September 2015 10805:Costello, M.J. and Kelly, K.S., 1993 10713: 10023:from the original on 17 December 2008 9838: 9574:from the original on 17 December 2008 9530: 9383: 9332:from the original on 28 December 2019 9302:from the original on 23 February 2013 9275: 8775:Hosler, John D.; et al. (2007). 8560: 8392: 8335: 7949:from the original on 27 November 2020 7943:"The Arrival of the Celts in Ireland" 7785: 7630:Roseingrave, Louise (18 April 2021). 7575:"The moment Britain became an island" 6835:Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 6829:Royle, Stephen A. (1 December 2012). 6828: 6683:by the road to Leenane, County Galway 6207: 6112:whiskies. Whiskey forms the basis of 5243:and he discovered an early method of 5231:, professor of natural philosophy in 5188:The Irish philosopher and theologian 4857:. Although not a Nobel Prize winner, 4441:The Republic of Ireland in particular 4412:List of metropolitan areas in Ireland 4086:City status in Ireland is decided by 3352:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 2598: 2526:whose role is mostly ceremonial. The 1578:From the mid-14th century, after the 1246:arrived in Ireland on a mission from 705:colonisation by settlers from Britain 646:second-most populous island in Europe 556: 18976:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 14904:from the original on 5 February 2021 14784:from the original on 5 February 2021 14733: 14663:from the original on 5 February 2021 14618:Dooney, Sean; O'Toole, John (1992). 14429:from the original on 28 October 2014 14228:from the original on 22 October 2013 13879:"Cost of living in Northern Ireland" 13847:"Overview of Northern Ireland Trade" 13789:from the original on 8 December 2020 13693:from the original on 5 February 2023 13621:from the original on 10 October 2013 13612: 13529:Leavy, Brian; Wilson, David (1994). 13203:from the original on 2 November 2012 12864:from the original on 8 November 2015 12838:from the original on 24 October 2016 12631:from the original on 16 October 2011 12601:from the original on 2 November 2019 12516:from the original on 22 October 2023 12487: 12439:from the original on 29 January 2017 12343:. Alfred Nobel Memorial Foundation. 12186:from the original on 7 December 2022 12044:. James Joyce Centre. Archived from 11850:from the original on 21 October 2012 11585:Seaver, Michael (5 September 2007). 11546:Tovey, Hilary; Share, Perry (2003). 11449:from the original on 31 January 2019 11338:from the original on 23 October 2010 11308:from the original on 11 January 2010 11073:Northern Ireland Species Action Plan 10895:from the original on 10 January 2014 10659:from the original on 9 February 2010 10578: 10536:from the original on 18 October 2009 10475:from the original on 28 October 2008 10331:from the original on 21 January 2014 10208:from the original on 5 February 2011 10143:United Nations Development Programme 9713:from the original on 5 February 2021 9217:from the original on 6 February 2021 9174:. The British Museum. Archived from 9141: 9026:from the original on 25 January 2010 8907:from the original on 29 October 2020 8860: 8598:"Ireland's History in Maps (800 AD)" 8513:from the original on 5 February 2021 8405:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 8296:Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: 8212: 8181:. 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Association of British Counties. 11245:Counihan, Patrick (30 March 2012). 10977: 10082:from the original on 20 August 2021 9911:from the original on 4 January 2012 9897:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 9894:Fair Employment in Northern Ireland 9792:"Measuring Ireland's Progress 2011" 9758:Pogatchnik, Shawn (25 March 2010). 9505: 9444: 9416: 9322:"Effects of the Famine: Emigration" 8804:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 149. 8716:Edwards, Ruth; et al. (2005). 8695:. New York: Routledge. p. 49. 8641:from the original on 29 August 2013 8466: 8438: 8303: 8198:. Dublin: J. Duffy and Co. p. 8115:from the original on 22 August 2015 7469:from the original on 5 October 2022 6470: 6410: 6322:Northern Ireland Purchases/Imports 5679:and at least three compete for the 5145:, which was established in 1928 in 4875:". A comparable writer in Irish is 4079:. Counties in Northern Ireland are 2664:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2558:is headed by a prime minister, the 2374:, which favoured the creation of a 2309:Belfast suffered four bombing raids 2288: 2035:, whose aim was to ensure that the 1458:, and sought the assistance of the 1218:, with a ceremonial capital at the 24: 15579:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 15354:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 15152:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 14997: 14822:from the original on 16 April 2021 14575:from the original on 1 August 2020 14523:20th-century Architecture: Ireland 13726:from the original on 25 April 2023 13286:from the original on 23 March 2010 13260:from the original on 14 March 2010 12559:"The Social Significance of Sport" 12145:. Basement Press. pp. 26–30. 12022:from the original on 16 April 2012 11711:Ó Broin, Brian (16 January 2010). 11491:from the original on 13 April 2016 11334:. Northern Ireland Tourist Board. 10495:"Geology of Kerry-Cork – Sheet 21" 10056:from the original on 11 March 2011 9611:Ireland in the War Years 1939–1945 9475:Morough, Michael (December 2000). 9398:from the original on 16 April 2009 8842:from the original on 19 March 2014 8608:from the original on 9 August 2011 8059:American Journal of Human Genetics 7721:"Prehistoric Genocide in Ireland?" 7642:from the original on 22 April 2021 7531:from the original on 18 April 2023 7368:. ИЦиГ СО РАН. 19 September 2024. 7212:"Forest Statistics – Ireland 2017" 7179:. Belfast: Department of Finance. 6715:) has increased since 2004. Large 6462:1846: Westminster's repeal of the 6371:Monthly Cost of Living Comparison 6178:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 5536:. During the redevelopment of the 4988:of this time belong to emigrants. 4958:) was transmitted orally, but the 4922: 3677:. Later major groups included the 3253: 3010:, in the north, records the most. 2366:to aid the police and protect the 2197:and independence for 26 out of 32 2181:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 2177:History of the Republic of Ireland 2159:between the new government of the 1910:Aside from the development of the 1446:In 1166, Mac Murrough had fled to 27:Island in the North Atlantic Ocean 25: 19535: 18812: 18019:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 15364:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 14941: 14869:Early Irish History and Mythology 14417:"2014 Global Green Economy Index" 14336:. 1 November 2007. Archived from 13613:Berk, Christina (19 March 2009). 13533:. London: Routledge. p. 63. 13473:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 13442:. 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An Encyclopedia 8158:from the original on 27 July 2020 7873:from the original on 23 June 2010 7816:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix" 7611:from the original on 3 April 2017 7342:from the original on 27 July 2023 7162:from the original on 23 June 2022 6954:from the original on 13 July 2021 6794: 6271:Northern Ireland trade comparison 6236:United Kingdom: Northern Ireland 5958: 5747:Irish Athletic Boxing Association 5636:and the European Championship in 5393:in 2023, down from 12th in 2019. 5389:. Ireland was ranked 22nd in the 5028:. Groups and musicians including 2896:coastline, is an area of granite 2776:, which lies between Ireland and 2346:from 1929) was controlled by the 2329:in 1912, declaring opposition to 2105:, setting up its own parliament ( 1774: 739:, leading to the creation of the 18961:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 18769: 17382: 17014: 16569: 15533:Tallest buildings and structures 14947: 14441: 14392:Commission for Energy Regulation 14378: 14352: 14322: 14292: 14266: 14240: 14210: 14178: 14164:Buildings of Ireland Survey Data 14152: 14121: 14060: 14044:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 14030: 14014:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 14000: 13985:from the original on 22 May 2020 13968: 13953:from the original on 22 May 2020 13923: 13897: 13871: 13738: 13633: 13578: 13547: 13522: 13491: 13460: 13429: 13398: 13349: 13334: 13272: 13246: 13215: 13189: 13159: 13125: 13099: 13087:from the original on 29 May 2014 13069: 13039: 13013: 12980: 12950: 12914: 12876: 12850: 12824: 12758: 12732: 12701: 12675: 12643: 12583: 12481: 12451: 12421: 12395: 12347:from the original on 11 May 2012 12328: 12256: 12230: 12218:from the original on 29 May 2014 12198: 12159: 12134: 12109: 12096: 12075: 12067:Higgins Wyndham, Andrew (2006). 12060: 12034: 11955: 11925: 11900: 11862: 11765:McKinney, Seamus (16 May 2020). 11758: 11737: 11674: 11650:Henry, McDonald (5 April 2009). 11611: 11539: 11503: 11470: 11461: 11410: 11320: 11302:Gazetteer of British Place Names 11290: 11265: 11238: 11154: 11124: 11058: 11032: 10971: 10948: 10916:Forestry in the EU and the world 10907: 10875: 10842: 10766: 10707: 10695:from the original on 2 June 2007 10603: 10532:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10517: 10487: 10468:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10451: 10421: 10395: 10380: 10250: 10220: 10185: 10168: 10124: 10094: 10068: 10035: 10009: 9979: 9949: 9937:from the original on 31 May 2011 9923: 9881: 9875:Conflict Archive on the Internet 9865:from the original on 14 May 2011 9784: 9751: 9738: 9477:"The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921" 8450:How the Irish Saved Civilization 8399:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 8025:Waddell, John (September 1992). 7828:from the original on 9 July 2012 7581:from the original on 7 July 2017 7572: 7183:from the original on 3 July 2017 7060:from the original on 31 May 2023 6988:"Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan" 6717:wind farms have been constructed 6082:prohibition in the United States 5857:became the first Irishman since 4119:local government reforms of 1840 3991: 3975: 3960: 3959: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3589:Demographics of Northern Ireland 2964:" step-out development from the 2888:rocks, with similarities to the 2666:as their court of final appeal. 2503:, the official residence of the 2266:Industrial Development Authority 1944:immigration to the United States 1897:united parliament at Westminster 1764:architectural legacy of Georgian 1573: 1566:, was published in 1216 and the 1419:On 1 May 1169, an expedition of 1381:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 1273:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 502: 14477: 14198:from the original on 7 May 2023 13222:McDaid, Brendan (9 June 2004). 12296:"Ireland's Scientific Heritage" 10773:Dan Griffin (2 November 2015). 9725: 9683: 9658: 9602: 9566:Connolly, Kevin (1 June 2004). 9559: 9524: 9499: 9410: 9384:Quinn, Eamon (19 August 2007). 9377: 9351:Vallely, Paul (25 April 2006). 9344: 9314: 9284: 9269: 9254: 9229: 9190: 9160: 9038: 9012: 8986: 8919: 8889: 8854: 8818: 8793: 8768: 8734: 8709: 8660:Previté-Orton, Charles (1975). 8653: 8620: 8590: 8554: 8525: 8493: 8409: 8393:Moran, Patrick Francis (1913). 8386: 8358: 8329: 8290: 8257: 8245:from the original on 1 May 2023 8206: 8185: 8179:Ireland and the Classical World 8170: 8137:Ireland and the classical world 8127: 8102: 8096: 8045: 8018: 7991: 7982: 7973: 7961: 7934: 7919: 7885: 7749: 7694:Landscapes of Neolithic Ireland 7685: 7669:. Lithics Ireland Consultancy. 7654: 7623: 7566: 7403: 7354: 7324: 7296: 7072: 6746: 6482:Tourist destinations in Ireland 6281:Northern Ireland Sales/Exports 6020:, a type of potato pancake, or 5928:and off the County Cork coast. 5781: 5628:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5608:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5587:reaching for the ball during a 5559:Football Association of Ireland 5475: 5354:in 1999 and a record composite 4121:). In the Republic of Ireland, 3992: 3574: 2676:North/South Ministerial Council 2472:left the European Union in 2020 2462:and as a consequence, there is 2170: 1691:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 1343:From the 9th century, waves of 1310:a tradition of Irish missionary 1158:, Ptolemy refers to Ireland as 1046:, close to Gleninchaquin Park, 907:communities around the island. 642:population of the entire island 19404:Northern Ireland Sign Language 15369:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 14919:The Rough Guide to Irish Music 13556:"Whiskey Resists the Downturn" 12459:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 12435:. Science Foundation Ireland. 12405:. BBC News. 19 February 2015. 11838:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11713:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11477:Kliff, Sarah (17 March 2013). 10619:. 17 July 2000. Archived from 8506:Early Christian Art in Ireland 7042: 7016: 6980: 6966: 6907: 6871: 6737: 5659:and a single association, the 5169:are internationally renowned. 4586:Northern Ireland Sign Language 4576:, the language of the nomadic 4486:from the 6th to 10th century, 4140:Cities and towns by population 3976: 3701:. Smaller groups included the 2966:North Sea hydrocarbon province 2856:The island consists of varied 2378:, emerged from a split in the 2305:Government of Ireland Act 1920 1933:by Henry Willard French (1891) 1603:, and under the provisions of 1385:History of Ireland (1169–1536) 855:, referring to flowing water. 747:. This subsided following the 225:7,527 km (4677.1 mi) 13: 1: 18738:Celtic place names in Galicia 18368: 15431: 14835:Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). 14763:Prehistoric and Early Ireland 14194:. Archiseek.ie. 10 May 2009. 13504:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 13405:Albertson, Elizabeth (2009). 12335:Waller, Professor I. (1951). 12266:Working and Living in Ireland 12172:. London: Thames and Hudson. 11592:The Christian Science Monitor 10750:. Met Éireann. Archived from 10258:"Ireland Facts, Ireland Flag" 8286:– via Informaworld.com. 6778: 6743:Including surrounding islands 5897: 5229:Father Nicholas Joseph Callan 4741: 4696: 2697:the North/South Language Body 2510:The Republic of Ireland is a 2285:remaining above 14% in 2012. 2084:Irish republicanism increased 1106:History of Ireland (800–1169) 18170: 16675:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 16434:Northern Ireland flags issue 15610: 15385:List of conflicts in Ireland 15129:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 14488:Irish Art: A Concise History 14128:National Monuments Service. 13318:The Oxford Companion to Food 13199:. RTÉ News. 11 August 2008. 13107:"2006 Ryder Cup Team Europe" 12858:"Six Nations roll of honour" 12621:"Soccer in Northern Ireland" 12083:Prehistoric Music in Ireland 10556:"Ireland: North West Europe" 10524:Karst Working Group (2000). 10459:"Bedrock Geology of Ireland" 10019:. BBC News. 8 October 1999. 9805:. October 2012. p. 36. 9049:. Belfast: White Row Press. 7998:Waddell, John (April 1995). 7563:" Accessed 15 February 2013. 7517:10.1016/j.margeo.2006.04.002 7321:. Retrieved 25 November 2017 6631:Northern Ireland Electricity 6541:in the Republic of Ireland. 6164:), is also a popular drink. 5350:and discovered a 2000-digit 4447: 4416: 3268:Trees of Britain and Ireland 2740:Physical features of Ireland 2725: 2124: 2101:, and in 1919 proclaimed an 1766:Ireland was built. In 1782, 1403:Remains of the 12th-century 1375:Norman and English invasions 1242:records that in 431, Bishop 815: 707:. In the 1690s, a system of 7: 17662:Welsh literature in English 17602: 17028: 16754:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 16665: 15820: 15405:Gaelic clothing and fashion 15037: 14873:Medieval Academy of America 14559:Manchester University Press 14387:Gas Capacity Statement 2007 14081:. Retrieved 9 December 2017 13356:Garrow, John (March 2002). 12987:FGS Consulting (May 2009). 11994:. Oxford University Press. 11988:McArthur, Tom, ed. (1992). 9849:Manchester University Press 9609:Carroll, Joseph T. (2002). 9597:Journal of Military History 6754:Giovanni Battista Rinuccini 6672:to refine the gas onshore. 6466:disrupted Irish agriculture 6417:Economic history of Ireland 6204:and boost competitiveness. 6182:Economy of Northern Ireland 5902:The west coast of Ireland, 5522:Gaelic Athletic Association 5409:List of Irish sports people 4602:Culture of Northern Ireland 4572:Also native to Ireland are 4550:in Waterford and in Meath. 4045:six are in Northern Ireland 2685:Food Safety Promotion Board 2437: 2299:Economy of Northern Ireland 2295:History of Northern Ireland 2088:Conscription Crisis of 1918 2005:to be in conflict with the 1829:Battle of Ballymore-Eustace 1482:, issued by an Englishman, 996:Emergence of Celtic Ireland 961:were the principal crops. 910:Some time before 4,000 BC, 753:European Economic Community 233:1,041 m (3415 ft) 10: 19540: 17682:Scottish Gaelic literature 17062:Brigantia (ancient region) 14963:Northern Ireland Executive 14953:Wikimedia Atlas of Ireland 14038:"Ireland: Tentative Lists" 13374:10.1177/014107680209500320 10232:Ordnance Survey of Ireland 10145:(UNDP). 2015. p. 47. 10078:. BBC News. 27 June 2012. 9845:Contemporary Irish Studies 9699:(OECD). 2009. p. 67. 8996:. BBC News. Archived from 8968:O'Callaghan, Sean (2000). 8867:Journal of Liberal History 8720:. Routledge. p. 106. 8538:Cambridge University Press 8215:"Tacitus, Agricola, C. 24" 7552:Edwards, Robin & al. " 7463:National Museum of Ireland 6856:10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.005 6621: 6537:, which are maintained as 6479: 6475: 6414: 6386:Cost of living (1 person) 6185: 6175: 6171: 6130:Foynes flying-boat station 5984:For this reason, pork and 5962: 5890:'s latest victory was the 5785: 5757:won a silver medal in the 5738: 5661:Irish Rugby Football Union 5546:Irish Football Association 5479: 5427:All-Ireland Football Final 5421:at 23%, soccer at 16% and 5406: 5400: 5387:Open University in Ireland 5264:Sir John Douglas Cockcroft 5172: 5126: 5076: 4926: 4839:Nobel Prize for Literature 4830:. The playwright and poet 4728:(seventeenth century) and 4700: 4595: 4591: 4451: 4409: 4189: 4145: 3919: 3578: 3565:Common Agricultural Policy 3257: 3245: 3235: 3046: 2979: 2975: 2838: 2834: 2744:Ireland is located in the 2729: 2653:Northern Ireland Secretary 2602: 2485: 2327:Solemn League and Covenant 2292: 2174: 2128: 2067:), Dublin, after the 1916 1868: 1810:Society of United Irishmen 1778: 1679:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1646:was re-created in 1542 by 1618: 1392: 1378: 1103: 873: 862: 858: 850: 341:82.2/km (212.9/sq mi) 29: 19421: 19386: 19348: 19310: 19287: 19280: 19273: 19221: 19163: 19147: 19132: 19075: 19000: 18993: 18953: 18925: 18882: 18875: 18820: 18760: 18703: 18697: 18692: 18630: 18601: 18584: 18547: 18469: 18460: 18432: 18404: 18376: 18363: 18316: 18281: 18255: 18176: 18165: 18052: 18029:Hebridean Celtic Festival 17966: 17868: 17847: 17816: 17731: 17690: 17657:Welsh-language literature 17612: 17608: 17597: 17559: 17473: 17390: 17377: 17247: 17206: 17140: 17036: 17023: 17012: 16849: 16818: 16752: 16673: 16660: 16627: 16565: 16464: 16402: 16339: 16279: 16192: 16140: 16095: 16062: 16007: 15972: 15922: 15841: 15832: 15828: 15815: 15750: 15653: 15622: 15618: 15605: 15515: 15443: 15439: 15426: 15377: 15165: 15049: 15045: 15032: 15008: 14690:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 14643:Ellis, Steven G. (1921). 13640:Davenport, Fionn (2010). 13498:McCormack, W. J. (2001). 13436:Davenport, Fionn (2008). 13224:"Shipwrecks ahoy in area" 13141:arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie 12834:. BBC News. 20 May 2006. 12488:WIPO (12 December 2023). 12263:Houston, Eugenie (2001). 12240:. Fodor's. Archived from 12018:. BBC News. 23 May 2009. 11907:Spolsky, Bernard (2004). 11443:The Sydney Morning Herald 11362:Central Statistics Office 11332:Discover Northern Ireland 10820:"Land cover and land use" 10176:"2024 Global Peace Index" 9803:Central Statistics Office 9292:"The Irish Potato Famine" 8937:. Penguin Books. p. 8718:An Atlas of Irish History 8532:Bartlett, Thomas (2010). 8316:, "Ireland, 400–800", in 8283:10.1080/00750770801909375 8253:– via uchicago.edu. 8142:University of Texas Press 8001:Ireland in the Bronze Age 7410:Ní Mhurchú, Síle (2017). 7117:UN System-Wide Earthwatch 7054:Central Statistics Office 6770:Belfast metropolitan area 6617: 6432:multiple failed uprisings 6380: 6377: 6375: 6362:Cost of living comparison 6331: 6328: 6326: 6290: 6287: 6285: 5734: 5648:and, to a lesser extent, 5396: 5383:University College Dublin 5304:Bell-Jackiw-Adler anomaly 5041:the work of artists like 5018: 4904: 4896: 4822:, and (in collaboration) 4812:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 4781: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4734: 4722: 4714: 4479:languages, respectively. 4138: 3916:Divisions and settlements 3284:) in Gubbeen, County Cork 3165: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3047:Climate data for Ireland 2903:In the southwest, around 2868:affinity, similar to the 2622:Northern Ireland Assembly 2572:. Its capital is Dublin. 2568: 2560: 2544: 2536: 2458:and both are part of the 2411:Northern Ireland Assembly 1660:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1395:Bruce campaign in Ireland 1389:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1208:Medieval Irish literature 457: 434: 429: 384: 345: 337: 327: 323:7,185,600 (2023 estimate) 319: 311: 306: 295: 283: 274: 263: 252: 247: 237: 229: 221: 211: 203: 193: 183: 146: 138: 133: 108: 93: 52: 19246:Kingdom of Great Britain 18462:Ancient Celtic languages 14727:30 November 2018 at the 14073:10 December 2017 at the 13280:"Sea Fishing in Ireland" 12832:"Munster 23–19 Biarritz" 12740:"FAI History: 1921–1930" 12625:Culture Northern Ireland 12106:28.2 (May 2000), p. 193. 12016:"Tionchar na gCeilteach" 11276:. Irish Academic Press. 11222:. London. Archived from 11042:. Clare County Council. 10824:Environmental Assessment 10748:"Irish Weather Extremes" 10403:"Landscape of the River" 10389:Encyclopaedia of Ireland 9361:. London. Archived from 9197:Ó Gráda, Cormac (1994). 8219:Journal of Roman Studies 8177:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8134:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8105:"Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)" 8034:. Emania. Archived from 7926:Cunliffe, Barry (2008). 7692:Cooney, Gabriel (2000). 7374:10.18699/bgrs2024-1.2-05 7283:16 February 2019 at the 6730: 6670:a controversial decision 6650:Gormanston, County Meath 6074:Old Bushmills Distillery 5721:Six Nations Championship 5655:Ireland fields a single 5366:as one of his students. 5328:Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 5219:19th-century physicist, 5190:Johannes Scotus Eriugena 4736:Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill 4716:Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh 3524:, are grown in Ireland. 2534:parliament, composed of 2522:and a popularly elected 2189:Annotated page from the 2119:three-year guerrilla war 2099:general election of 1918 1885:Kingdom of Great Britain 1865:Union with Great Britain 1795:William Hamilton Maxwell 1636:Ghent University Library 1548:Great Charter of Ireland 1304:by the Irish monk Saint 1286:showing Christ enthroned 1239:The Chronicle of Ireland 1164:and to Great Britain as 723:in 1801, Ireland became 715:majority and Protestant 657:several navigable rivers 40:Ireland (disambiguation) 18733:Gaulish words in French 18718:Celtic words in English 16972:Scottish New Zealanders 16862:Anglo-Celtic Australian 16526:Prostitution (Republic) 14768:Oxford University Press 13820:. European Commission. 13531:Strategy and Leadership 12931:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12894:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12391:(subscription required) 12307:University College Cork 12206:"Stair na Taibhdheirce" 11272:Crawford, John (1993). 11132:"Climate Change Causes" 11108:. European Commission. 10966:Tree Council of Ireland 10387:Meally, Victor (1968). 10362:Ordnance Survey Ireland 9889:Northern Ireland Office 9665:Schmied, Doris (2005). 9261:Jacobsen, John (1994). 9045:Dickson, David (1997). 8972:. Brandon. p. 85. 8800:Bolton, Brenda (2003). 8691:Curtis, Edmund (2002). 8566:"Vikings & Ireland" 7792:Oxford University Press 6641:has started building a 6397:Average wage after tax 5935:, Ireland is a popular 5815:in the County Kildare. 5788:Horse racing in Ireland 5771:2010 Commonwealth Games 5759:Barcelona Olympic Games 5490:Rugby league in Ireland 5391:Global Innovation Index 5286:George Johnstone Stoney 5194:Ernest Henry Shackleton 5184:formulated Boyle's Law. 5089:illuminated manuscripts 5083:Architecture of Ireland 4680: 4673:Since the 20th century 4653:traditional Irish music 4625:and aspects of broader 4077:Ordnance Survey Ireland 4041:32 traditional counties 3555:harvesting in Clonard, 3475:Killarney National Park 3345:Killarney National Park 2946:Hydrocarbon exploration 2670:All-island institutions 2581:Human Development Index 2512:parliamentary democracy 2210:political circumstances 2151:were required to swear 2014:Charles Stewart Parnell 1905:Irish Rebellion of 1803 1781:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1292:manuscript illumination 1254:, Ireland's best known 1003:Indo-European languages 769:. Alongside mainstream 737:partition of the island 709:Protestant English rule 636:, which is part of the 592:. It is separated from 575: 74: 17667:Early Irish literature 17548: 17536: 17524: 17512: 17500: 17488: 16952:Scotch-Irish Canadians 16947:Scotch-Irish Americans 15395:List of Irish kingdoms 14798: 14734:Herm, Gerhard (2002). 14684:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 14621:Irish Government Today 14485:Arnold, Bruce (1977). 14160:"Ashford Castle, Cong" 12930: 12892: 12309:, Faculty of Science. 12210: 12141:Geraghty, Des (1994). 11878: 11549:A Sociology of Ireland 11423:18 August 2016 at the 11193: 11172: 10687: 10651: 10319:"Guardian Style Guide" 10162:Jewish Virtual Library 9990: 9986:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9960: 9956:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9765:Bloomberg BusinessWeek 9142:Ward, Alan J. (1994). 9088:The Great Irish Famine 9082: 9076: 8927:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 8742: 8416:De Paor, Liam (1993). 8318: 8310: 7941:Burton, Holly (1979). 7315: 6940:10.1006/ecss.1999.0507 6797:"Geography of Ireland" 6684: 6492: 6451:Plantations of Ireland 6104:, but not as sweet as 6077: 5977: 5892:2011 Open Championship 5811: 5596: 5538:Lansdowne Road stadium 5517: 5486:Rugby union in Ireland 5379:Trinity College Dublin 5316:William Rowan Hamilton 5298:was the originator of 5278:, is named after. Sir 5270:. William Thomson, or 5260:Nobel Prize in Physics 5185: 5149:. Playwrights such as 5139: 5072: 4968:St Patrick's Cathedral 4950:) and sleeping music ( 4919: 4881: 4828:Violet Florence Martin 4732:(eighteenth century). 4720:(fourteenth century), 4693: 4689:Illuminated page from 4614: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4517: 4463: 4107:Primate of All Ireland 3930:City status in Ireland 3845: 3837: 3829: 3821: 3813: 3805: 3797: 3789: 3781: 3773: 3765: 3757: 3749: 3741: 3733: 3725: 3717: 3709: 3703: 3695: 3687: 3679: 3671: 3663: 3655: 3647: 3639: 3631: 3623: 3615: 3607: 3599: 3559: 3491: 3347: 3285: 3238: 2950:Kinsale Head gas field 2853: 2808: 2741: 2624: 2507: 2497: 2447: 2420:independent commission 2334: 2206:Statute of Westminster 2201: 2135:In December 1921, the 2107: 2071: 2063:Sackville Street (now 2007:Act of Settlement 1701 1934: 1839:Battle of Vinegar Hill 1801: 1748: 1675:Plantations of Ireland 1639: 1615:The Kingdom of Ireland 1509: 1416: 1287: 1148:("Great Britain"). In 1123: 1050: 1033:The Uragh Stone Circle 935: 826: 584:) is an island in the 551: 430:Additional information 230:Highest elevation 58: 38:. For other uses, see 19524:International islands 19394:British Sign Language 19239:Principality of Wales 19083:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18966:British–Irish Council 18954:Political cooperation 18935:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18294:Scottish independence 18039:Celtic Media Festival 17922:National music scenes 17148:Proto-Celtic religion 16850:Related ethnic groups 16502:Mass media (Republic) 16446:National coat of arms 15334:IRA Northern Campaign 14958:Government of Ireland 14679:43.1 (2008): 179–204. 14008:"World Heritage List" 12934:. 18 September 2010. 12802:"Champions of Europe" 11771:Northern Ireland News 11427:". Statistics Canada. 10294:Open Geography Portal 9172:WorldTimelines.org.uk 8602:Rootsweb.ancestry.com 8402:Catholic Encyclopedia 8396:"St. Palladius" 8192:O'Hart, John (1892). 7786:Reich, David (2018). 7696:. London: Routledge. 7559:19 March 2014 at the 7459:"Prehistoric Details" 7336:www.niassembly.gov.uk 7309:16 April 2018 at the 6801:Government of Ireland 6678: 6230:Republic of Ireland: 6224:Republic of Ireland: 6218:Republic of Ireland: 6086:Anglo-Irish Trade War 6071: 5972: 5803: 5753:won a gold medal and 5673:1999 Rugby World Cups 5618:European Championship 5583: 5505: 5330:'s contribution, the 5322:and the invention of 5318:, famous for work in 5258:, winner of the 1951 5247:in the 19th century. 5180: 5016:and individuals like 4914: 4703:Literature of Ireland 4688: 4609: 4567:Ulster Scots dialects 4461: 4410:Further information: 3920:Further information: 3596: 3551: 3544:Impact of agriculture 3483: 3335: 3275: 3038:the winter of 2010–11 2909:MacGillycuddy's Reeks 2907:and the mountains of 2848: 2739: 2612: 2495: 2445: 2399:Good Friday Agreement 2395:Sunningdale Agreement 2380:Irish Republican Army 2348:Ulster Unionist Party 2344:"first-past-the-post" 2321: 2221:The state was neutral 2193:that established the 2188: 2149:Free State Parliament 2115:Irish Republican Army 2062: 2003:Catholic Emancipation 1924: 1916:Industrial Revolution 1818:Irish Republic (1798) 1788: 1740: 1732:Protestant Ascendancy 1628: 1609:English Privy Council 1570:was founded in 1297. 1568:Parliament of Ireland 1504: 1402: 1281: 1140:refers to Ireland as 1113: 1031: 749:Good Friday Agreement 693:Anglo-Norman invasion 648:after Great Britain. 610:second-largest island 459: • Summer ( 19013:Islands of the Clyde 18618:(Medieval Welsh law) 18228:Scottish nationalism 17878:Ancient Celtic music 17193:Romano-Celtic temple 17002:Welsh New Zealanders 16927:Irish New Zealanders 16424:County coats of arms 16316:List of Irish people 15390:List of Irish tribes 15240:Cromwellian conquest 15226:Plantation of Ulster 15157:Ireland (since 1922) 14888:Blackwell Publishing 14554:Irish Politics Today 14422:. Dual Citizen LLC. 14191:Sunday Business Post 14099:"Tourism Facts 2006" 13254:"Fishing in Ireland" 13077:"Golfing in Ireland" 12143:Luke Kelly: A Memoir 12069:Re-imagining Ireland 12048:on 16 September 2014 12042:"What is Bloomsday?" 11880:Údarás na Gaeltachta 11752:8 March 2021 at the 11688:. 21 February 2011. 11028:(Publication No. 8). 11013:(Publication No. 8). 10960:9 April 2022 at the 10830:on 16 September 2008 10643:"Climate of Ireland" 10466:Geology for Everyone 10433:Geology for Everyone 10429:"Geology of Ireland" 10228:"Area and Land Mass" 9988:Provos: The IRA and 9958:Provos: The IRA and 9839:Whyte, John (1983). 9506:Kee, Robert (1972). 9445:Kee, Robert (1972). 9417:Kee, Robert (1972). 9276:Mokyr, Joel (1983). 8562:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh 8448:Cahill, Tim (1996). 7970:, by Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 7968:The Celts: A History 7255:4 March 2020 at the 7124:. 18 February 1998. 6888:. Heritage Council. 6664:, County Antrim and 6556:in County Kerry and 6488:World Heritage Sites 6381:Republic of Ireland 6332:Republic of Ireland 6291:Republic of Ireland 6247:GDP (2018): €127 bn 6244:GDP (2018): €175 bn 6220:Northern and Western 5832:2000 Sydney Olympics 5792:Athletics in Ireland 5731:, in 2009 and 2018. 5346:was a specialist in 5308:Jocelyn Bell Burnell 5288:introduced the term 5250:Other notable Irish 4902:and others from the 4869:Modernist literature 4847:William Butler Yeats 4454:Languages of Ireland 4131:Local Government Act 4013:Provinces of Ireland 4009:class=notpageimage| 3922:Provinces of Ireland 3096:Record high °C (°F) 2858:geological provinces 2790:can be controversial 2748:, between latitudes 2746:north-west of Europe 2732:Geography of Ireland 2614:Parliament Buildings 2520:written constitution 2505:President of Ireland 2131:Partition of Ireland 1983:Catholic Relief Bill 1849:Battle of Prosperous 1701:. Physician-general 1695:indentured servitude 1592:Statutes of Kilkenny 1452:Tighearnán Ua Ruairc 1204:High King of Ireland 791:association football 681:High King of Ireland 653:geography of Ireland 590:north-western Europe 586:North Atlantic Ocean 168:53.44944°N 7.50306°W 19399:Irish Sign Language 19256:Kingdom of Scotland 19093:Bailiwick of Jersey 19076:Lists of islands of 18308:Irish republicanism 18289:Breton independence 18268:Scottish devolution 18201:Cornish nationalism 18024:Pan Celtic Festival 17898:Scottish folk music 17652:Scottish literature 17173:Celtic Christianity 16977:Scottish Travellers 16962:Scottish Argentines 16806:Scottish Travellers 16539:in Northern Ireland 16530:in Northern Ireland 16271:Legendary creatures 16184:Traditional singing 16020:Saint Patrick's Day 15655:Republic of Ireland 15584:Tourist attractions 15569:ROI–UK border 15554:of Northern Ireland 15507:in Northern Ireland 15339:IRA Border Campaign 15314:War of Independence 15284:Second Great Famine 15269:Act of Union (1800) 15221:Flight of the Earls 15078:Lordship of Ireland 15013:Republic of Ireland 14493:Thames & Hudson 14254:on 30 November 2010 14224:. 5 November 2012. 14140:on 20 February 2010 13408:Ireland for Dummies 13113:on 19 November 2008 13083:. Tourism Ireland. 12714:The Washington Post 12663:on 4 September 2015 12500:10.34667/tind.46596 11943:on 27 February 2009 11520:The Washington Post 11513:(24 October 2007). 11484:The Washington Post 11164:(8 November 2006). 11066:"Otter Lutra Lutra" 10754:on 16 December 2016 10505:on 12 December 2007 10263:National Geographic 10238:on 10 November 2012 10112:on 19 November 2011 9178:on 26 December 2010 8970:To Hell or Barbados 8861:Pack, Mark (2001). 8424:. pp. 78, 79. 8213:Bury, J.B. (1922). 7847:Koch, John (2009). 7661:Driscoll, Killian. 7509:2006MGeol.232....1K 6932:1999ECSS...49..501N 6847:2012JMICu...1...91R 6807:on 24 November 2009 6546:Guinness Storehouse 6490:on the island: the 6372: 6323: 6282: 6264:£27,154 per person 6261:€77,794 per person 6258:€74,824 per person 6255:€24,926 per person 6250:GDP (2021): £52 bn 6241:GDP (2018): €22 bn 6226:Eastern and Midland 5861:in 1947 to win the 5853:in County Kildare. 5828:World Championships 5657:national rugby team 5466:Republic of Ireland 5320:classical mechanics 5210:gentleman scientist 5202:South Magnetic Pole 4946:), laughing music ( 4879:, whose 1949 novel 4843:George Bernard Shaw 4767:Máire Mhac an tSaoi 4582:Irish Sign Language 4109:and was re-granted 4096:Greater Dublin Area 3926:Counties of Ireland 3530:Circumboreal Region 3526:Phytogeographically 3166:Record low °C (°F) 2930:has well-developed 2794:Britain and Ireland 2488:Republic of Ireland 2482:Republic of Ireland 2466:across the border. 2240:German intelligence 2215:Republic of Ireland 2050:National Volunteers 1975:as a Roman Catholic 1931:Our Boys in Ireland 1925:A depiction of the 1859:Battle of Castlebar 1820:in the province on 1668:Flight of the Earls 1530:Lordship of Ireland 1437:Dermot Mac Murrough 1314:Celtic Christianity 1152:in his later work, 1015:Atlantic Bronze Age 882:last glacial period 876:Prehistoric Ireland 870:Prehistoric Ireland 845:Proto-Indo-European 733:war of independence 626:Republic of Ireland 620:in Europe, and the 606:St George's Channel 596:to its east by the 479:British Summer Time 474:Irish Standard Time 444:Greenwich Mean Time 256:Republic of Ireland 164: / 142:Northwestern Europe 49: 32:Republic of Ireland 18:Politics of Ireland 19251:Kingdom of Ireland 19234:Kingdom of England 18981:Common Travel Area 18927:Crown Dependencies 18299:Welsh independence 18263:Cornish devolution 18184:Breton nationalism 18034:Celtic Connections 17637:Cornish literature 16982:Ulster Protestants 16967:Scottish Canadians 16957:Scottish Americans 16867:Anglo-Irish people 16576:Ireland portal 15894:Skirts and kidneys 15400:List of High Kings 15319:Anglo-Irish Treaty 15259:First Great Famine 15244:Settlement of 1652 15216:Tyrone's Rebellion 15206:Desmond Rebellions 15095:Kingdom of Ireland 14843:Carroll & Graf 14740:St. Martin's Press 14280:on 28 January 2011 14222:Coventry Telegraph 14134:National Monuments 14130:"Search by County" 14109:on 12 January 2012 13931:Kinealy, Christine 13758:on 28 October 2008 13053:. 16 August 2009. 12898:. 28 August 2008. 12860:. BBC News. 2014. 11686:UniversityTimes.ie 11082:on 5 February 2011 10980:"Spartina Anglica" 10891:. 30 August 2012. 10863:on 29 January 2017 10623:on 19 January 2012 10106:The World Factbook 9772:on 8 February 2015 9746:Luck and the Irish 9391:The New York Times 9326:wesleyjohnston.com 8534:Ireland: A History 7756:Heritage Ireland. 7304:Climate of Ireland 7221:. pp. 3, 63. 6886:heritagecouncil.ie 6685: 6679:Turf-cutting near 6550:Lakes of Killarney 6539:national monuments 6370: 6321: 6280: 6208:Regional economics 6202:economies of scale 6078: 5978: 5855:Pádraig Harrington 5836:Gillian O'Sullivan 5830:and silver at the 5812: 5597: 5518: 5360:John Lighton Synge 5186: 4956:string instruments 4920: 4797:Gulliver's Travels 4694: 4615: 4598:Culture of Ireland 4554:English in Ireland 4464: 4125:, the seat of the 3600: 3560: 3492: 3348: 3286: 2982:Climate of Ireland 2870:Scottish Highlands 2854: 2841:Geology of Ireland 2742: 2625: 2593:Global Peace Index 2516:Westminster system 2508: 2499:Áras an Uachtaráin 2460:Common Travel Area 2448: 2335: 2202: 2191:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2137:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2117:(IRA), launched a 2080:Irish Citizen Army 2072: 1979:Duke of Wellington 1935: 1881:Kingdom of Ireland 1802: 1749: 1640: 1621:Kingdom of Ireland 1510: 1417: 1288: 1150:his map of Ireland 1124: 1064:Lebor Gabála Érenn 1051: 917:introduced cereal 886:relative sea level 865:History of Ireland 689:Battle of Clontarf 640:. As of 2022, the 238:Highest point 188:British Isles 173:53.44944; -7.50306 120: (dark green) 47: 19496: 19495: 19492: 19491: 19417: 19416: 19269: 19268: 19128: 19127: 18989: 18988: 18780: 18779: 18756: 18755: 18688: 18687: 18580: 18579: 18576: 18575: 18539:Cisalpine Gaulish 18359: 18358: 18245:national identity 18240:Welsh nationalism 18233:national identity 18213:Irish nationalism 18161: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18094:Cornish wrestling 17962: 17961: 17883:Breton Folk music 17848:Regional cultures 17691:National cultures 17677:Gaelic literature 17632:Breton literature 17593: 17592: 17589: 17588: 17585: 17584: 17373: 17372: 17285:Chief of the Name 17153:Celtic polytheism 17070:Sub-Roman Britain 17010: 17009: 16897:Irish Australians 16877:Cornish Americans 16836:Scottish diaspora 16583: 16582: 16561: 16560: 16557: 16556: 15968: 15967: 15859:Bacon and cabbage 15811: 15810: 15807: 15806: 15678:Foreign relations 15601: 15600: 15597: 15596: 15528:Notable buildings 15422: 15421: 15418: 15417: 14932:978-1-85828-642-6 14897:978-0-632-03656-1 14856:978-0-7867-1890-0 14815:978-0-7190-4584-4 14802:, Cormac (1997). 14777:978-0-19-821737-4 14758:O'Croinin, Daibhi 14749:978-0-312-31343-2 14709:978-0-7139-9010-2 14656:978-0-517-06408-5 14635:978-0-7171-1703-1 14610:978-1-898473-09-1 14568:978-0-7190-6174-5 14536:978-3-7913-1719-9 14506:978-0-500-20148-0 14274:"Interconnection" 13946:978-0-415-15527-4 13722:. 25 April 2023. 13653:978-1-74179-998-9 13596:978-1-57607-833-4 13566:on 3 January 2016 13515:978-0-631-16525-5 13484:978-1-74104-710-3 13453:978-1-74104-696-0 13422:978-0-470-10572-6 13327:978-0-19-280681-9 13228:Belfast Telegraph 12964:. 8 August 2021. 12812:on 6 October 2014 12280:978-0-9536896-8-2 12244:on 2 October 2014 12179:978-0-500-27371-5 12152:978-1-85594-090-1 12129:978-1-906359-78-2 12001:978-0-19-214183-5 11918:978-0-521-01175-4 11559:978-0-7171-3501-1 11388:"Settlement 2015" 11283:978-0-7165-2498-4 11249:. Irish Central. 11170:. Vol. 185. 10930:978-92-79-19988-2 10721:Irish Independent 10596:978-1-4237-1163-6 10195:Across the waters 10002:978-0-7475-3392-4 9972:978-0-7475-3392-4 9706:978-92-64-04449-4 9676:978-0-7546-4101-8 9651:978-1-872002-87-3 9620:978-1-57309-185-5 9517:978-0-297-17987-0 9456:978-0-297-17987-0 9428:978-0-297-17987-0 9247:978-1-85628-362-5 9210:978-0-19-820598-2 9153:978-0-8132-0784-1 9125:978-0-19-822751-9 9097:978-0-521-55266-0 9056:978-1-870132-85-5 8979:978-0-86322-287-0 8948:978-0-14-013250-2 8811:978-0-7546-0708-3 8786:978-90-04-15724-8 8756:cite encyclopedia 8727:978-0-415-33952-0 8702:978-0-415-27949-9 8677:978-0-521-09977-6 8547:978-0-521-19720-5 8486:978-0-8028-3450-8 8459:978-0-385-41849-2 8431:978-1-85182-144-0 8422:Four Courts Press 8366:Ginnell, Laurence 8346:cite encyclopedia 8151:978-0-292-72518-8 8140:. Austin, Texas: 8014:on 19 March 2015. 7905:978-1-84217-529-3 7801:978-0-19-882125-0 7703:978-0-415-16977-6 7667:LithicsIreland.ie 7607:. 21 March 2016. 7425:978-1-118-39698-8 7389:External link in 7112:"Islands by Area" 6624:Energy in Ireland 6407: 6406: 6378:Northern Ireland 6358: 6357: 6317: 6316: 6268: 6267: 6014:bacon and cabbage 5996:) was common and 5820:Athletics Ireland 5741:Boxing in Ireland 5550:Cliftonville F.C. 5368:Kathleen Lonsdale 5336:Richard Cantillon 5296:John Stewart Bell 5223:, discovered the 5123:Drama and theatre 5093:John Butler Yeats 4993:traditional music 4898:Máirtín Ó Direáin 4877:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4803:A Modest Proposal 4783:Cló Iar-Chonnacht 4759:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4730:Aogán Ó Rathaille 4724:Dáibhí Ó Bruadair 4709:vernacular poetry 4611:Ardboe High Cross 4408: 4407: 4338:Greater Craigavon 4187:population 4182:population 4177:Population 3898:Church of Ireland 3887:Roman Catholicism 3880:Famine of 1740–41 3298:55 mammal species 3250: 3249: 2880:is a province of 2756:, and longitudes 2689:InterTradeIreland 2681:Waterways Ireland 2660:England and Wales 2550:(the Seanad), an 2432:Martin McGuinness 2368:Irish Nationalist 2054:Irish involvement 2022:Ulster Volunteers 1963:Irish nationalism 1844:Battle of Clonard 1791:George Cruikshank 1712:the Test Act 1672 1687:Irish Confederacy 1468:Treaty of Windsor 1338:Johannes Eriugena 1312:work that spread 1265:Early Middle Ages 1089:mitochondrial DNA 1023:Hallstatt culture 622:twentieth-largest 608:. Ireland is the 581:[ˈɑːrlən] 495: 494: 415:1.2% other (inc. 126: (dark grey) 116:Location of 16:(Redirected from 19531: 19454:Irish Travellers 19285: 19284: 19281:Modern languages 19278: 19277: 19229:Irish Free State 19186:Northern Ireland 19145: 19144: 18998: 18997: 18906:Northern Ireland 18884:Sovereign states 18880: 18879: 18807: 18800: 18793: 18784: 18783: 18773: 18694: 18693: 18586: 18585: 18568:Galwegian Gaelic 18467: 18466: 18365: 18364: 18273:Welsh devolution 18167: 18166: 17919: 17918: 17908:Sean-nós singing 17903:Welsh folk music 17893:Irish folk music 17860:Highland culture 17642:Irish literature 17622:Arthurian Legend 17610: 17609: 17599: 17598: 17551: 17539: 17527: 17515: 17503: 17491: 17471: 17470: 17462: 17461: 17439:Neo-Christianity 17379: 17378: 17310:Gaelic astrology 17270:Celtic festivals 17168:Celtic mythology 17141:Ancient religion 17058:Iron Age Britain 17025: 17024: 17018: 16997:Welsh Argentines 16937:Irish Uruguayans 16932:Irish Travellers 16902:Irish Brazilians 16892:Irish Argentines 16872:Breton Americans 16826:Cornish diaspora 16788:Irish Travellers 16662: 16661: 16654:Celtic languages 16610: 16603: 16596: 16587: 16586: 16574: 16573: 16572: 16251:Tuatha Dé Danann 15839: 15838: 15830: 15829: 15817: 15816: 15752:Northern Ireland 15730: 15720: 15710: 15620: 15619: 15607: 15606: 15441: 15440: 15428: 15427: 15304:Home Rule crisis 15134:Northern Ireland 15047: 15046: 15034: 15033: 15021:Northern Ireland 14992: 14985: 14978: 14969: 14968: 14951: 14950: 14936: 14913: 14911: 14909: 14876: 14865:O'Rahilly, T. F. 14860: 14831: 14829: 14827: 14801: 14793: 14791: 14789: 14770:. p. 1219. 14753: 14713: 14693: 14672: 14670: 14668: 14639: 14614: 14584: 14582: 14580: 14540: 14510: 14471: 14470: 14468: 14466: 14461:on 17 March 2012 14460: 14453: 14445: 14439: 14438: 14436: 14434: 14428: 14421: 14413: 14407: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14382: 14376: 14375: 14373: 14371: 14356: 14350: 14349: 14347: 14345: 14326: 14320: 14319: 14317: 14315: 14296: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14285: 14270: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14244: 14238: 14237: 14235: 14233: 14214: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14203: 14182: 14176: 14175: 14173: 14171: 14156: 14150: 14149: 14147: 14145: 14125: 14119: 14118: 14116: 14114: 14095: 14082: 14064: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14053: 14034: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14023: 14004: 13998: 13997: 13992: 13990: 13972: 13966: 13965: 13960: 13958: 13927: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13916: 13911:on 1 August 2023 13901: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13890: 13885:on 1 August 2023 13875: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13864: 13858: 13852:. Archived from 13851: 13843: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13829: 13810: 13799: 13798: 13796: 13794: 13779: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13757: 13750: 13742: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13716: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13698: 13679: 13670: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13643:Discover Ireland 13637: 13631: 13630: 13628: 13626: 13610: 13601: 13600: 13582: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13571: 13551: 13545: 13544: 13526: 13520: 13519: 13495: 13489: 13488: 13464: 13458: 13457: 13433: 13427: 13426: 13402: 13396: 13395: 13393: 13353: 13347: 13346: 13338: 13332: 13331: 13313: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13276: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13219: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13193: 13187: 13186: 13184: 13182: 13163: 13157: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13135:(22 July 2007). 13129: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13118: 13103: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13073: 13067: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13032: 13017: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13006: 13000: 12993: 12984: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12973: 12954: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12933: 12918: 12912: 12911: 12909: 12907: 12897: 12880: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12869: 12854: 12848: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12828: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12817: 12798: 12787: 12786: 12781: 12779: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12736: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12705: 12699: 12698: 12696: 12694: 12679: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12668: 12662: 12655: 12647: 12641: 12640: 12638: 12636: 12617: 12611: 12610: 12608: 12606: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12570: 12563: 12555: 12546: 12545: 12539: 12535: 12533: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12485: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12425: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12385: 12363: 12357: 12356: 12354: 12352: 12332: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12321: 12315: 12300: 12291: 12285: 12284: 12260: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12249: 12238:"An Taibhdhearc" 12234: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12213: 12202: 12196: 12195: 12193: 12191: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12138: 12132: 12113: 12107: 12100: 12094: 12081:O'Dwyer, Simon: 12079: 12073: 12072: 12064: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12053: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12012: 12006: 12005: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11929: 11923: 11922: 11904: 11898: 11897: 11895: 11893: 11883: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11855: 11836:Ó Broin, Brian. 11833: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11822: 11817:on 28 March 2016 11816: 11805: 11797: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11762: 11756: 11741: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11697: 11678: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11647: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11636: 11627:. 28 June 2011. 11615: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11582: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11571: 11543: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11532: 11507: 11501: 11500: 11498: 11496: 11474: 11468: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11434: 11428: 11414: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11403: 11384: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11373: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11345: 11343: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11294: 11288: 11287: 11269: 11263: 11262: 11260: 11258: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11209: 11200: 11198: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11178:. Archived from 11177: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11128: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11098: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11087: 11081: 11070: 11062: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11051: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11021: 11015: 11014: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10975: 10969: 10952: 10946: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10900: 10879: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10856:. Archived from 10855: 10846: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10816: 10810: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10770: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10744: 10738: 10737: 10735: 10733: 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10690: 10675: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10654: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10566:on 13 March 2016 10562:. Archived from 10552: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10521: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10510: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10474: 10463: 10455: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10439:on 27 March 2008 10425: 10419: 10418: 10416: 10414: 10409:on 19 March 2015 10399: 10393: 10392: 10384: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10373: 10354: 10345: 10344: 10338: 10336: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10303: 10301: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10266:. Archived from 10254: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10243: 10234:. Archived from 10224: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10207: 10200: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10151: 10136: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10061: 10055: 10048: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10013: 10007: 10006: 9993: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9963: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9885: 9879: 9878: 9872: 9870: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9819: 9796: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9768:. Archived from 9755: 9749: 9742: 9736: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9718: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9606: 9600: 9593: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9563: 9557: 9556: 9545:10.2307/20030588 9528: 9522: 9521: 9503: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9472: 9461: 9460: 9442: 9433: 9432: 9414: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9370: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9273: 9267: 9266: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9164: 9158: 9157: 9139: 9130: 9129: 9111: 9102: 9101: 9085: 9079: 9072: 9061: 9060: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8965: 8956: 8955: 8936: 8923: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8841: 8830: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8797: 8791: 8790: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8759: 8751: 8745: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8713: 8707: 8706: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8657: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8577: 8570: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8501:Stokes, Margaret 8497: 8491: 8490: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8452:. Anchor Books. 8445: 8436: 8435: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8398: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8349: 8341: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8319:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8315: 8312:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8307: 8301: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8261: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8189: 8183: 8182: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8083: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8041:on 21 July 2015. 8040: 8033: 8022: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8006: 7995: 7989: 7986: 7980: 7977: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7872: 7853: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7783: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7737:on 11 April 2019 7736: 7730:. Archived from 7725: 7717: 7708: 7707: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7570: 7564: 7550: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7488: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7455: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7377: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7328: 7322: 7320: 7300: 7294: 7275: 7266: 7247: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7227: 7216: 7208: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7147: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7091: 7084: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7003: 6992: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6883: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6858: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6803:. Archived from 6795:Nolan, William. 6792: 6772: 6766: 6757: 6750: 6744: 6741: 6709:renewable energy 6705:clean-technology 6660:in Scotland and 6612:Dromoland Castle 6600:Glenveagh Castle 6596:Strokestown Park 6588:Castletown House 6582:styles, such as 6554:Dingle peninsula 6523:Holy Cross Abbey 6500:Giant's Causeway 6498:complex and the 6497: 6471:Major industries 6457:The Great Famine 6411:Economic history 6373: 6369: 6324: 6320: 6283: 6279: 6215: 6214: 6076:in County Antrim 5871:PGA Championship 5824:Sonia O'Sullivan 5755:Wayne McCullough 5652:soccer leagues. 5470:Northern Ireland 5452:, horse racing, 5442:greyhound racing 5403:Sport in Ireland 5344:John B. Cosgrave 5342:, among others. 5233:Maynooth College 5144: 5105:Louis le Brocquy 5023: 5022: 4929:Music of Ireland 4907: 4906: 4901: 4900: 4886: 4824:Edith Somerville 4820:William Carleton 4808:Oliver Goldsmith 4786: 4785: 4778: 4777: 4770: 4769: 4762: 4761: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4727: 4726: 4719: 4718: 4627:European culture 4578:Irish Travellers 4545: 4539: 4533: 4522: 4205: 4194: 4161: 4150: 4136: 4135: 3995: 3994: 3979: 3978: 3963: 3962: 3947: 3946: 3940: 3906:Jewish community 3902:Muslim community 3850: 3842: 3834: 3826: 3818: 3810: 3802: 3794: 3786: 3778: 3770: 3762: 3754: 3746: 3738: 3730: 3722: 3714: 3706: 3700: 3692: 3684: 3676: 3668: 3660: 3652: 3644: 3636: 3628: 3620: 3612: 3520:species such as 3507:Spartina anglica 3463:strawberry trees 3264:Flora of Ireland 3260:Fauna of Ireland 3241: 3044: 3043: 3022:weather stations 3019: 3016: 2988:the Emerald Isle 2962:West of Shetland 2958:Corrib Gas Field 2890:Southern Uplands 2831:in the midwest. 2649:House of Commons 2605:Northern Ireland 2599:Northern Ireland 2589:financial crisis 2571: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2540: 2502: 2428:Operation Banner 2289:Northern Ireland 2282:financial crisis 2233:Victoria Crosses 2195:Irish Free State 2161:Irish Free State 2145:Northern Ireland 2112: 2065:O'Connell Street 2048:, took the name 2033:Irish Volunteers 1999:Pitt the Younger 1967:Daniel O'Connell 1854:Battle of Carlow 1588:Irish parliament 1550:), substituting 1441:King of Leinster 1433:Richard de Clare 1431:. It was led by 1334:Sedulius Scottus 1330:late Middle Ages 1316:and learning to 1248:Pope Celestine I 1216:kingdom of Meath 1146:Megale Brettania 1019:Celtic languages 974:weaving textiles 940: 853: 852: 829: 741:Irish Free State 634:Northern Ireland 583: 578: 568: 567: 566: 560: 558:[ˈeːɾʲə] 542: 537: 536: 535: 534: 527: 524: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 464: 290:Northern Ireland 196: 179: 178: 176: 175: 174: 169: 165: 162: 161: 160: 157: 119: 113: 98: 85: 77: 69: 61: 50: 46: 36:Northern Ireland 21: 19539: 19538: 19534: 19533: 19532: 19530: 19529: 19528: 19499: 19498: 19497: 19488: 19444:English Gypsies 19413: 19382: 19344: 19325:Scottish Gaelic 19306: 19265: 19217: 19159: 19136: 19124: 19071: 19067:Isles of Scilly 19008:Channel Islands 18985: 18949: 18921: 18871: 18816: 18811: 18781: 18776: 18752: 18699: 18684: 18626: 18622:Early Scots law 18611:Early Irish law 18597: 18572: 18549:Scottish Gaelic 18543: 18484:Proto-Brittonic 18456: 18452:Beurla Reagaird 18428: 18424:Scottish Gaelic 18400: 18372: 18355: 18351:Columba Project 18331:Celtic Congress 18312: 18277: 18251: 18172: 18153: 18114:Gaelic handball 18104:Gaelic football 18089:Cornish hurling 18048: 17958: 17917: 17864: 17843: 17829:Gaelic clothing 17812: 17727: 17686: 17647:Manx literature 17604: 17581: 17560:Other claimants 17555: 17460: 17410:Celtic Congress 17386: 17369: 17265:Celtic calendar 17243: 17202: 17136: 17032: 17019: 17006: 16992:Welsh Americans 16912:Irish Catholics 16907:Irish Canadians 16887:Irish Americans 16845: 16819:Celtic diaspora 16814: 16748: 16677: 16669: 16656: 16623: 16614: 16584: 16579: 16570: 16568: 16553: 16521:outside Ireland 16492:Historic houses 16460: 16441:Irish Wolfhound 16412:Brighid's Cross 16398: 16369:Gaelic handball 16364:Gaelic football 16335: 16306:Hiberno-Normans 16275: 16188: 16136: 16091: 16072:Hiberno-English 16058: 16003: 15964: 15918: 15824: 15803: 15746: 15728: 15718: 15708: 15649: 15640:Ulster loyalism 15614: 15593: 15511: 15435: 15414: 15373: 15299:Dublin lock-out 15235:Confederate War 15186:Norman invasion 15173:Battles of Tara 15161: 15117:1801–1923 15105:1691–1800 15100:1536–1691 15088:1169–1536 15041: 15028: 15004: 14996: 14948: 14944: 14939: 14933: 14925:. p. 599. 14907: 14905: 14898: 14890:. p. 423. 14886:. Hoboken, NJ: 14857: 14825: 14823: 14816: 14787: 14785: 14778: 14750: 14729:Wayback Machine 14716:Foster, R. F. 14710: 14666: 14664: 14657: 14636: 14611: 14578: 14576: 14569: 14561:. p. 163. 14537: 14529:. p. 198. 14507: 14480: 14475: 14474: 14464: 14462: 14458: 14451: 14447: 14446: 14442: 14432: 14430: 14426: 14419: 14415: 14414: 14410: 14401: 14399: 14398:on 5 March 2012 14384: 14383: 14379: 14369: 14367: 14366:on 14 July 2011 14358: 14357: 14353: 14343: 14341: 14328: 14327: 14323: 14313: 14311: 14298: 14297: 14293: 14283: 14281: 14272: 14271: 14267: 14257: 14255: 14246: 14245: 14241: 14231: 14229: 14216: 14215: 14211: 14201: 14199: 14184: 14183: 14179: 14169: 14167: 14158: 14157: 14153: 14143: 14141: 14126: 14122: 14112: 14110: 14097: 14096: 14085: 14075:Wayback Machine 14065: 14061: 14051: 14049: 14036: 14035: 14031: 14021: 14019: 14006: 14005: 14001: 13988: 13986: 13973: 13969: 13956: 13954: 13947: 13928: 13924: 13914: 13912: 13903: 13902: 13898: 13888: 13886: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13862: 13860: 13859:on 25 July 2023 13856: 13849: 13845: 13844: 13837: 13827: 13825: 13812: 13811: 13802: 13792: 13790: 13781: 13780: 13771: 13761: 13759: 13755: 13748: 13744: 13743: 13739: 13729: 13727: 13718: 13717: 13706: 13696: 13694: 13681: 13680: 13673: 13663: 13661: 13654: 13638: 13634: 13624: 13622: 13611: 13604: 13597: 13583: 13579: 13569: 13567: 13552: 13548: 13541: 13527: 13523: 13516: 13496: 13492: 13485: 13465: 13461: 13454: 13434: 13430: 13423: 13403: 13399: 13354: 13350: 13339: 13335: 13328: 13314: 13299: 13289: 13287: 13278: 13277: 13273: 13263: 13261: 13252: 13251: 13247: 13237: 13235: 13220: 13216: 13206: 13204: 13195: 13194: 13190: 13180: 13178: 13177:on 3 April 2015 13165: 13164: 13160: 13150: 13148: 13147:on 23 July 2011 13133:Brennan, Séamus 13130: 13126: 13116: 13114: 13105: 13104: 13100: 13090: 13088: 13075: 13074: 13070: 13060: 13058: 13045: 13044: 13040: 13030: 13028: 13027:on 20 June 2017 13019: 13018: 13014: 13004: 13002: 13001:on 23 July 2011 12998: 12991: 12985: 12981: 12971: 12969: 12956: 12955: 12951: 12941: 12939: 12920: 12919: 12915: 12905: 12903: 12882: 12881: 12877: 12867: 12865: 12856: 12855: 12851: 12841: 12839: 12830: 12829: 12825: 12815: 12813: 12800: 12799: 12790: 12777: 12775: 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12738: 12737: 12733: 12723: 12721: 12706: 12702: 12692: 12690: 12681: 12680: 12676: 12666: 12664: 12660: 12653: 12649: 12648: 12644: 12634: 12632: 12619: 12618: 12614: 12604: 12602: 12589: 12588: 12584: 12574: 12572: 12571:on 12 July 2015 12568: 12561: 12557: 12556: 12549: 12537: 12536: 12527: 12526: 12519: 12517: 12510: 12486: 12482: 12472: 12470: 12457: 12456: 12452: 12442: 12440: 12427: 12426: 12422: 12412: 12410: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12390: 12383: 12381: 12364: 12360: 12350: 12348: 12333: 12329: 12319: 12317: 12313: 12298: 12292: 12288: 12281: 12261: 12257: 12247: 12245: 12236: 12235: 12231: 12221: 12219: 12211:An Taibhdheirce 12204: 12203: 12199: 12189: 12187: 12180: 12164: 12160: 12153: 12139: 12135: 12114: 12110: 12101: 12097: 12080: 12076: 12065: 12061: 12051: 12049: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12025: 12023: 12014: 12013: 12009: 12002: 11986: 11982: 11972: 11970: 11961: 11960: 11956: 11946: 11944: 11931: 11930: 11926: 11919: 11909:Language policy 11905: 11901: 11891: 11889: 11868: 11867: 11863: 11853: 11851: 11843:The Irish Times 11834: 11830: 11820: 11818: 11814: 11803: 11799: 11798: 11794: 11784: 11782: 11763: 11759: 11754:Wayback Machine 11742: 11738: 11728: 11726: 11718:The Irish Times 11709: 11705: 11695: 11693: 11680: 11679: 11675: 11665: 11663: 11648: 11644: 11634: 11632: 11617: 11616: 11612: 11602: 11600: 11583: 11579: 11569: 11567: 11560: 11544: 11540: 11530: 11528: 11511:Sullivan, Kevin 11508: 11504: 11494: 11492: 11475: 11471: 11466: 11462: 11452: 11450: 11435: 11431: 11425:Wayback Machine 11415: 11411: 11401: 11399: 11386: 11385: 11381: 11371: 11369: 11356: 11355: 11351: 11341: 11339: 11326: 11325: 11321: 11311: 11309: 11296: 11295: 11291: 11284: 11270: 11266: 11256: 11254: 11243: 11239: 11229: 11227: 11226:on 24 June 2011 11219:The Independent 11210: 11203: 11185: 11183: 11159: 11155: 11145: 11143: 11130: 11129: 11125: 11115: 11113: 11100: 11099: 11095: 11085: 11083: 11079: 11068: 11064: 11063: 11059: 11049: 11047: 11038: 11037: 11033: 11022: 11018: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10978:Hackney, Paul. 10976: 10972: 10962:Wayback Machine 10953: 10949: 10940: 10938: 10931: 10913: 10912: 10908: 10898: 10896: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10866: 10864: 10860: 10853: 10847: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10804: 10800: 10790: 10788: 10780:The Irish Times 10771: 10767: 10757: 10755: 10746: 10745: 10741: 10731: 10729: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10677: 10676: 10672: 10662: 10660: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10597: 10583: 10579: 10569: 10567: 10560:EnergyFiles.com 10554: 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10522: 10518: 10508: 10506: 10493: 10492: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10472: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10452: 10442: 10440: 10427: 10426: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10385: 10381: 10371: 10369: 10356: 10355: 10348: 10334: 10332: 10317: 10316: 10312: 10299: 10297: 10288: 10287: 10283: 10273: 10271: 10270:on 24 June 2017 10256: 10255: 10251: 10241: 10239: 10226: 10225: 10221: 10211: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10190: 10186: 10178: 10174: 10173: 10169: 10155: 10153: 10149: 10134: 10130: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10100: 10099: 10095: 10085: 10083: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10040: 10036: 10026: 10024: 10015: 10014: 10010: 10003: 9984: 9980: 9973: 9954: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9929: 9928: 9924: 9914: 9912: 9905: 9886: 9882: 9868: 9866: 9859: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9785: 9775: 9773: 9756: 9752: 9743: 9739: 9735:(2007), pp 7–36 9730: 9726: 9716: 9714: 9707: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9677: 9663: 9659: 9652: 9632: 9628: 9621: 9607: 9603: 9594: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9564: 9560: 9533:Foreign Affairs 9529: 9525: 9518: 9504: 9500: 9490: 9488: 9473: 9464: 9457: 9443: 9436: 9429: 9415: 9411: 9401: 9399: 9382: 9378: 9368: 9366: 9365:on 17 June 2015 9358:The Independent 9349: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9320: 9319: 9315: 9305: 9303: 9296:Digital History 9290: 9289: 9285: 9274: 9270: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9211: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9166: 9165: 9161: 9154: 9140: 9133: 9126: 9112: 9105: 9098: 9073: 9064: 9057: 9043: 9039: 9029: 9027: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 9000:on 2 March 2012 8992: 8991: 8987: 8980: 8966: 8959: 8949: 8924: 8920: 8910: 8908: 8895: 8894: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8859: 8855: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8828: 8824: 8823: 8819: 8812: 8798: 8794: 8787: 8773: 8769: 8753: 8752: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8714: 8710: 8703: 8689: 8685: 8678: 8658: 8654: 8644: 8642: 8625: 8621: 8611: 8609: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8530: 8526: 8516: 8514: 8498: 8494: 8487: 8471: 8467: 8460: 8446: 8439: 8432: 8414: 8410: 8391: 8387: 8376:T. Fisher Unwin 8363: 8359: 8343: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8308: 8304: 8295: 8291: 8270:Irish Geography 8262: 8258: 8248: 8246: 8211: 8207: 8190: 8186: 8175: 8171: 8161: 8159: 8152: 8132: 8128: 8118: 8116: 8101: 8097: 8050: 8046: 8038: 8031: 8023: 8019: 8011: 8004: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7983: 7978: 7974: 7966: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7945:. Penn Museum. 7939: 7935: 7924: 7920: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7890: 7886: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7856:Palaeohispanica 7851: 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7825: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7802: 7794:. p. 115. 7784: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7764:on 2 March 2015 7754: 7750: 7740: 7738: 7734: 7723: 7719: 7718: 7711: 7704: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7659: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7628: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7571: 7567: 7561:Wayback Machine 7551: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7489: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7457: 7456: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7426: 7408: 7404: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7379: 7378: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7311:Wayback Machine 7301: 7297: 7290:The Irish Times 7285:Wayback Machine 7276: 7269: 7262:The Irish Times 7257:Wayback Machine 7248: 7241: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7214: 7210: 7209: 7198: 7186: 7184: 7165: 7163: 7148: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7056:. 30 May 2023. 7048: 7047: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6881: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6827: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6793: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6775: 6767: 6760: 6751: 6747: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6626: 6620: 6519:Cliffs of Moher 6511:Bunratty Castle 6484: 6478: 6473: 6419: 6413: 6408: 6364: 6359: 6329:United Kingdom 6318: 6288:United Kingdom 6273: 6210: 6190: 6184: 6176:Main articles: 6174: 6154:, particularly 6142:, particularly 6026:mashed potatoes 5967: 5961: 5900: 5876:Graeme McDowell 5840:Derval O'Rourke 5798: 5796:Golf in Ireland 5786:Main articles: 5784: 5751:Michael Carruth 5743: 5737: 5665:Rugby World Cup 5500: 5480:Main articles: 5478: 5414:Gaelic football 5411: 5405: 5399: 5372:crystallography 5175: 5163:Conor McPherson 5159:Sebastian Barry 5131: 5125: 5085: 5077:Main articles: 5075: 5063:the Cranberries 5055:Sinéad O'Connor 5047:the Saw Doctors 5010:Clancy Brothers 5006:the Wolfe Tones 4986:Irish composers 4940:Gregorian chant 4935: 4927:Main articles: 4925: 4923:Music and dance 4816:Charles Kickham 4748: 4744: 4705: 4699: 4683: 4647:Celtic knotwork 4623:Americanisation 4613:, County Tyrone 4604: 4596:Main articles: 4594: 4473:Scottish Gaelic 4456: 4450: 4419: 4414: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3964: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3948: 3932: 3918: 3591: 3579:Main articles: 3577: 3546: 3290:mainland Europe 3270: 3258:Main articles: 3256: 3254:Flora and fauna 3251: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3017: 3014: 2992:oceanic climate 2984: 2978: 2968:. In 2000, the 2843: 2837: 2809:Corrán Tuathail 2734: 2728: 2672: 2651:' 650 MPs. The 2618:Stormont Estate 2607: 2601: 2490: 2484: 2440: 2372:Provisional IRA 2301: 2293:Main articles: 2291: 2183: 2175:Main articles: 2173: 2165:Éamon de Valera 2157:Irish Civil War 2133: 2127: 2042:First World War 1995:George's father 1981:. Steering the 1873: 1867: 1783: 1777: 1746:United Irishmen 1664:Nine Years' War 1652:King of England 1644:King of Ireland 1623: 1617: 1576: 1564:Catholic Church 1522:Lord of Ireland 1427:in present-day 1397: 1391: 1379:Main articles: 1377: 1349:endemic warfare 1326:Frankish Empire 1282:A folio of the 1142:Mikra Brettania 1108: 1102: 998: 951:dry-stone walls 945:. An extensive 923:Ferriter's Cove 878: 872: 867: 861: 841:Irish mythology 839:, a goddess in 818: 771:Western culture 703:, which led to 562: 561: 540: 530: 529: 505: 501: 491: 483: 458: 453: 425: 422:4.5% not stated 329:Population rank 279: 259: 194: 172: 170: 166: 163: 158: 155: 153: 151: 150: 129: 128: 117: 104: 101:Satellite image 89: 88: 79: 63: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19537: 19527: 19526: 19521: 19519:Celtic nations 19516: 19511: 19494: 19493: 19490: 19489: 19487: 19486: 19481: 19476: 19471: 19469:Northern Irish 19466: 19461: 19456: 19451: 19446: 19441: 19436: 19431: 19425: 19423: 19419: 19418: 19415: 19414: 19412: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19390: 19388: 19384: 19383: 19381: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19354: 19352: 19346: 19345: 19343: 19342: 19337: 19332: 19327: 19322: 19316: 19314: 19308: 19307: 19305: 19304: 19299: 19293: 19291: 19282: 19275: 19271: 19270: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19242: 19241: 19231: 19225: 19223: 19219: 19218: 19216: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19200: 19199: 19198: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19176:United Kingdom 19173: 19167: 19165: 19164:Current states 19161: 19160: 19158: 19157: 19151: 19149: 19142: 19130: 19129: 19126: 19125: 19123: 19122: 19121: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19103:United Kingdom 19100: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19079: 19077: 19073: 19072: 19070: 19069: 19064: 19063: 19062: 19057: 19050:Northern Isles 19047: 19042: 19037: 19036: 19035: 19030: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19004: 19002: 18995: 18991: 18990: 18987: 18986: 18984: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18963: 18957: 18955: 18951: 18950: 18948: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18931: 18929: 18923: 18922: 18920: 18919: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18897:United Kingdom 18894: 18888: 18886: 18877: 18873: 18872: 18870: 18869: 18868: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18827: 18821: 18818: 18817: 18810: 18809: 18802: 18795: 18787: 18778: 18777: 18775: 18774: 18767: 18761: 18758: 18757: 18754: 18753: 18751: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18704: 18701: 18700: 18690: 18689: 18686: 18685: 18683: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18640:Gaelic warfare 18636: 18634: 18628: 18627: 18625: 18624: 18619: 18616:Cyfraith Hywel 18613: 18607: 18605: 18599: 18598: 18582: 18581: 18578: 18577: 18574: 18573: 18571: 18570: 18565: 18563:Deeside Gaelic 18560: 18554: 18552: 18545: 18544: 18542: 18541: 18536: 18534:Hispano-Celtic 18531: 18526: 18521: 18516: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18489:Proto-Goidelic 18486: 18481: 18475: 18473: 18464: 18458: 18457: 18455: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18438: 18436: 18430: 18429: 18427: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18410: 18408: 18402: 18401: 18399: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18382: 18380: 18374: 18373: 18361: 18360: 18357: 18356: 18354: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18341:Celtic society 18338: 18336:Celtic Revival 18333: 18328: 18322: 18320: 18314: 18313: 18311: 18310: 18304:United Ireland 18301: 18296: 18291: 18285: 18283: 18279: 18278: 18276: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18259: 18257: 18253: 18252: 18250: 18249: 18248: 18247: 18237: 18236: 18235: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18209: 18208: 18198: 18197: 18196: 18191: 18180: 18178: 18174: 18173: 18163: 18162: 18159: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18152: 18151: 18149:Welsh handball 18146: 18141: 18136: 18131: 18129:Highland games 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18101: 18096: 18091: 18086: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18062: 18056: 18054: 18050: 18049: 18047: 18046: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18015: 18014: 18005: 17996: 17987: 17972: 17970: 17964: 17963: 17960: 17959: 17957: 17956: 17951: 17946: 17941: 17936: 17931: 17925: 17923: 17916: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17874: 17872: 17866: 17865: 17863: 17862: 17857: 17855:Gaelic culture 17851: 17849: 17845: 17844: 17842: 17841: 17836: 17834:Highland dress 17831: 17826: 17820: 17818: 17814: 17813: 17811: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17798:Pictish stones 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17754: 17753: 17743: 17737: 17735: 17729: 17728: 17726: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17694: 17692: 17688: 17687: 17685: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17664: 17659: 17654: 17649: 17644: 17639: 17634: 17629: 17624: 17618: 17616: 17606: 17605: 17595: 17594: 17591: 17590: 17587: 17586: 17583: 17582: 17580: 17579: 17574: 17569: 17563: 17561: 17557: 17556: 17554: 17553: 17541: 17529: 17517: 17505: 17493: 17480: 17478: 17468: 17459: 17458: 17457: 17456: 17451: 17441: 17436: 17435: 17434: 17424: 17423: 17422: 17417: 17412: 17402: 17400:Celtic nations 17397: 17395:Celtic Revival 17391: 17388: 17387: 17375: 17374: 17371: 17370: 17368: 17367: 17362: 17352: 17347: 17342: 17337: 17332: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17307: 17302: 17297: 17292: 17287: 17282: 17277: 17272: 17267: 17262: 17257: 17251: 17249: 17245: 17244: 17242: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17210: 17208: 17204: 17203: 17201: 17200: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17163:Celtic Animism 17160: 17158:Celtic deities 17155: 17150: 17144: 17142: 17138: 17137: 17135: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17117:Cisalpine Gaul 17114: 17113: 17112: 17107: 17089: 17080: 17055: 17046: 17044:Gaelic Ireland 17040: 17038: 17034: 17033: 17021: 17020: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17007: 17005: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16942:Manx Americans 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16917:Irish Chileans 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16882:English people 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16853: 16851: 16847: 16846: 16844: 16843: 16841:Welsh diaspora 16838: 16833: 16831:Irish diaspora 16828: 16822: 16820: 16816: 16815: 16813: 16812: 16811: 16810: 16809: 16808: 16797: 16792: 16791: 16790: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16758: 16756: 16750: 16749: 16747: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16685: 16683: 16671: 16670: 16658: 16657: 16638:Celtic studies 16630:Celtic nations 16628: 16625: 16624: 16613: 16612: 16605: 16598: 16590: 16581: 16580: 16566: 16563: 16562: 16559: 16558: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16532: 16523: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16487:Heritage Sites 16484: 16479: 16474: 16468: 16466: 16462: 16461: 16459: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16437: 16436: 16426: 16421: 16414: 16408: 16406: 16400: 16399: 16397: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16345: 16343: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16311:Irish diaspora 16308: 16303: 16302: 16301: 16299:Gaelic Ireland 16291: 16285: 16283: 16277: 16276: 16274: 16273: 16268: 16261: 16254: 16247: 16240: 16233: 16226: 16225: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16198: 16196: 16190: 16189: 16187: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16170: 16169: 16159: 16152: 16146: 16144: 16138: 16137: 16135: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16112: 16107: 16101: 16099: 16093: 16092: 16090: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16074: 16068: 16066: 16060: 16059: 16057: 16056: 16051: 16042: 16040:Rose of Tralee 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16011: 16009: 16005: 16004: 16002: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15984: 15978: 15976: 15970: 15969: 15966: 15965: 15963: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15937: 15932: 15926: 15924: 15920: 15919: 15917: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15849:List of dishes 15845: 15843: 15836: 15826: 15825: 15813: 15812: 15809: 15808: 15805: 15804: 15802: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15790: 15789: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15768: 15767: 15765:D'Hondt method 15756: 15754: 15748: 15747: 15745: 15744: 15739: 15738: 15737: 15732: 15726:Seanad Éireann 15722: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15691: 15690: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15659: 15657: 15651: 15650: 15648: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15626: 15624: 15616: 15615: 15603: 15602: 15599: 15598: 15595: 15594: 15592: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15536: 15535: 15530: 15519: 15517: 15513: 15512: 15510: 15509: 15500: 15499: 15498: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15466:Extreme points 15463: 15458: 15456:Climate change 15453: 15447: 15445: 15437: 15436: 15424: 15423: 15420: 15419: 15416: 15415: 15413: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15381: 15379: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15274:1803 Rebellion 15271: 15266: 15264:1798 Rebellion 15261: 15256: 15251: 15249:Williamite War 15246: 15237: 15231:1641 Rebellion 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15211:Spanish Armada 15208: 15203: 15201:Tudor conquest 15198: 15193: 15191:Bruce campaign 15188: 15183: 15169: 15167: 15163: 15162: 15160: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15148: 15147: 15137: 15136:(1921–present) 15131: 15126: 15124:Irish Republic 15121: 15120: 15119: 15109: 15108: 15107: 15102: 15092: 15091: 15090: 15085: 15083:800–1169 15074:Gaelic Ireland 15071: 15066: 15061: 15055: 15053: 15043: 15042: 15030: 15029: 15027: 15026: 15018: 15009: 15006: 15005: 14995: 14994: 14987: 14980: 14972: 14966: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14943: 14942:External links 14940: 14938: 14937: 14931: 14914: 14896: 14877: 14861: 14855: 14832: 14814: 14794: 14776: 14754: 14748: 14731: 14714: 14708: 14680: 14673: 14655: 14640: 14634: 14615: 14609: 14603:. p. 94. 14592: 14587:Daly, Mary E. 14585: 14567: 14548: 14541: 14535: 14518: 14513:Beckett, J.C. 14511: 14505: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14473: 14472: 14440: 14408: 14377: 14351: 14340:on 29 May 2014 14321: 14291: 14265: 14239: 14209: 14177: 14151: 14120: 14103:Fáilte Ireland 14083: 14079:National Trust 14059: 14042:World Heritage 14029: 14012:World Heritage 13999: 13967: 13945: 13922: 13896: 13870: 13835: 13800: 13769: 13737: 13704: 13671: 13652: 13632: 13602: 13595: 13577: 13546: 13539: 13521: 13514: 13490: 13483: 13459: 13452: 13428: 13421: 13397: 13368:(3): 160–161. 13348: 13333: 13326: 13297: 13271: 13245: 13214: 13188: 13158: 13124: 13098: 13068: 13038: 13012: 12979: 12949: 12913: 12875: 12849: 12823: 12788: 12757: 12731: 12700: 12674: 12642: 12612: 12582: 12547: 12538:|website= 12508: 12480: 12450: 12420: 12394: 12358: 12341:NobelPrize.org 12327: 12286: 12279: 12255: 12229: 12197: 12178: 12158: 12151: 12133: 12108: 12095: 12074: 12059: 12033: 12007: 12000: 11980: 11954: 11924: 11917: 11899: 11861: 11828: 11792: 11757: 11736: 11703: 11673: 11642: 11624:Irish Examiner 11610: 11577: 11558: 11538: 11502: 11469: 11460: 11429: 11409: 11379: 11349: 11328:"NI by County" 11319: 11289: 11282: 11264: 11237: 11201: 11182:on 11 May 2011 11174:Seanad Éireann 11167:National Parks 11153: 11123: 11093: 11057: 11040:"Biodiversity" 11031: 11016: 11001: 10990:on 19 May 2011 10970: 10955:Native Species 10947: 10929: 10906: 10874: 10841: 10811: 10798: 10765: 10739: 10706: 10670: 10634: 10616:Irish Examiner 10602: 10595: 10577: 10547: 10516: 10486: 10450: 10420: 10394: 10379: 10346: 10310: 10281: 10249: 10219: 10184: 10167: 10123: 10093: 10067: 10034: 10008: 10001: 9978: 9971: 9948: 9922: 9903: 9880: 9857: 9831: 9783: 9750: 9737: 9731:R. F. Foster, 9724: 9705: 9682: 9675: 9657: 9650: 9626: 9619: 9601: 9585: 9558: 9523: 9516: 9498: 9481:History Review 9462: 9455: 9434: 9427: 9409: 9376: 9343: 9313: 9283: 9268: 9253: 9246: 9228: 9209: 9189: 9159: 9152: 9131: 9124: 9103: 9096: 9062: 9055: 9037: 9011: 8985: 8978: 8957: 8947: 8933:Modern Ireland 8918: 8888: 8853: 8817: 8810: 8792: 8785: 8767: 8733: 8726: 8708: 8701: 8683: 8676: 8652: 8619: 8589: 8553: 8546: 8524: 8492: 8485: 8465: 8458: 8437: 8430: 8408: 8385: 8357: 8328: 8302: 8289: 8256: 8205: 8184: 8169: 8150: 8144:. p. 65. 8126: 8103:Hay, Maciamo. 8095: 8072:10.1086/424697 8066:(4): 693–702. 8044: 8017: 7990: 7981: 7972: 7960: 7933: 7918: 7904: 7884: 7839: 7807: 7800: 7775: 7758:"Céide Fields" 7748: 7709: 7702: 7684: 7653: 7636:Irish Examiner 7622: 7592: 7565: 7542: 7497:Marine Geology 7480: 7443: 7424: 7402: 7353: 7323: 7295: 7267: 7239: 7196: 7194: 7193: 7172: 7139: 7103: 7071: 7041: 7015: 6995:Planningni.gov 6979: 6965: 6906: 6870: 6818: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6758: 6745: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6622:Main article: 6619: 6616: 6604:Ashford Castle 6527:Blarney Castle 6515:Rock of Cashel 6486:There are two 6480:Main article: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6460: 6453: 6428:land-ownership 6424:trade barriers 6415:Main article: 6412: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6368: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6351:£14.4 billion 6349: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6310:£12.8 billion 6308: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6209: 6206: 6198:pound sterling 6173: 6170: 6114:cream liqueurs 6002:breakfast roll 5974:Gubbeen cheese 5963:Main article: 5960: 5959:Food and drink 5957: 5953:Coarse fishing 5899: 5896: 5847:2006 Ryder Cup 5783: 5780: 5739:Main article: 5736: 5733: 5585:Paul O'Connell 5477: 5474: 5401:Main article: 5398: 5395: 5300:Bell's Theorem 5237:induction coil 5225:Tyndall effect 5174: 5171: 5141:An Taibhdhearc 5127:Main article: 5124: 5121: 5079:Art of Ireland 5074: 5071: 5069:among others. 5002:the Chieftains 4924: 4921: 4851:Samuel Beckett 4792:Jonathan Swift 4753:Gaelic revival 4701:Main article: 4698: 4695: 4682: 4679: 4631:Celtic nations 4593: 4590: 4508:Gaelic Revival 4452:Main article: 4449: 4446: 4427:Irish diaspora 4418: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4143: 4142: 4127:Butler dynasty 4104:Roman Catholic 4081:no longer used 4021:four provinces 4007: 4006: 3998: 3997: 3990: 3989: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3965: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3949: 3942: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3917: 3914: 3704:aithechthúatha 3576: 3573: 3545: 3542: 3534:Boreal Kingdom 3497:Ulex europaeus 3487:Ulex europaeus 3409:trees such as 3365:apex predators 3341:Cervus elaphus 3255: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3042: 2980:Main article: 2977: 2974: 2894:County Wexford 2862:County Donegal 2839:Main article: 2836: 2833: 2730:Main article: 2727: 2724: 2671: 2668: 2620:, seat of the 2603:Main article: 2600: 2597: 2577:GDP per capita 2546:Seanad Éireann 2486:Main article: 2483: 2480: 2439: 2436: 2376:united Ireland 2352:gerrymandering 2290: 2287: 2270:European Union 2268:. In addition 2227:, but offered 2199:Irish counties 2172: 2169: 2129:Main article: 2126: 2123: 2103:Irish Republic 2052:and supported 2037:Home Rule Bill 1956:County Leitrim 1869:Main article: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1834:Battle of Naas 1831: 1779:Main article: 1776: 1775:1798 Rebellion 1773: 1757:famine of 1740 1683:Williamite War 1619:Main article: 1616: 1613: 1575: 1572: 1512:In 1172, Pope 1492:Synod of Kells 1429:County Wexford 1411:, the largest 1376: 1373: 1104:Main article: 1101: 1098: 1007:Beaker culture 997: 994: 874:Main article: 871: 868: 863:Main article: 860: 857: 817: 814: 783:Irish language 757:European Union 729:United Kingdom 701:Tudor conquest 672:Gaelic Ireland 638:United Kingdom 493: 492: 490: 489: 482: 481: 476: 470: 467: 465: 455: 454: 452: 451: 440: 438: 432: 431: 427: 426: 424: 423: 420: 413: 407: 401: 395: 388: 386: 382: 381: 380: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 347: 343: 342: 339: 335: 334: 331: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 313: 309: 308: 304: 303: 297: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 277:United Kingdom 275: 272: 271: 265: 261: 260: 253: 250: 249: 248:Administration 245: 244: 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 219: 218: 215: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 199:Atlantic Ocean 197: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 115: 114: 106: 105: 103:, October 2010 99: 91: 90: 87: 86: 70: 54: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19536: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19515: 19514:British Isles 19512: 19510: 19507: 19506: 19504: 19485: 19482: 19480: 19477: 19475: 19472: 19470: 19467: 19465: 19462: 19460: 19457: 19455: 19452: 19450: 19447: 19445: 19442: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19427: 19426: 19424: 19420: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19391: 19389: 19385: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19355: 19353: 19351: 19347: 19341: 19338: 19336: 19333: 19331: 19328: 19326: 19323: 19321: 19318: 19317: 19315: 19313: 19309: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19294: 19292: 19290: 19286: 19283: 19279: 19276: 19272: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19240: 19237: 19236: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19226: 19224: 19222:Former states 19220: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19178: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19168: 19166: 19162: 19156: 19153: 19152: 19150: 19148:Island groups 19146: 19143: 19140: 19135: 19131: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19080: 19078: 19074: 19068: 19065: 19061: 19058: 19056: 19053: 19052: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19038: 19034: 19031: 19029: 19026: 19025: 19024: 19021: 19019: 19018:Great Britain 19016: 19014: 19011: 19009: 19006: 19005: 19003: 19001:Island groups 18999: 18996: 18992: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18958: 18956: 18952: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18932: 18930: 18928: 18924: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18889: 18887: 18885: 18881: 18878: 18874: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18832: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18822: 18819: 18815: 18814:British Isles 18808: 18803: 18801: 18796: 18794: 18789: 18788: 18785: 18772: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18762: 18759: 18749: 18748:– in Portugal 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18728:– in Galician 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18705: 18702: 18695: 18691: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18637: 18635: 18633: 18629: 18623: 18620: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18609: 18608: 18606: 18604: 18600: 18596: 18592: 18587: 18583: 18569: 18566: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18546: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18512: 18510: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18476: 18474: 18472: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18459: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18439: 18437: 18435: 18431: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18411: 18409: 18407: 18403: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18383: 18381: 18379: 18375: 18371: 18366: 18362: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18326:Celtic League 18324: 18323: 18321: 18319: 18318:Pan-Celticism 18315: 18309: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18286: 18284: 18280: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18260: 18258: 18254: 18246: 18243: 18242: 18241: 18238: 18234: 18231: 18230: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18207: 18204: 18203: 18202: 18199: 18195: 18194:reunification 18192: 18190: 18187: 18186: 18185: 18182: 18181: 18179: 18175: 18168: 18164: 18150: 18147: 18145: 18142: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18109: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18092: 18090: 18087: 18085: 18084: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18067: 18063: 18061: 18058: 18057: 18055: 18051: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18013: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18000: 17997: 17995: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17982: 17979: 17978: 17977: 17974: 17973: 17971: 17969: 17965: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17926: 17924: 17920: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17875: 17873: 17871: 17867: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17846: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17821: 17819: 17815: 17809: 17808:Triple spiral 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17752: 17749: 17748: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17738: 17736: 17734: 17730: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17695: 17693: 17689: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17653: 17650: 17648: 17645: 17643: 17640: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17630: 17628: 17627:Bardic Poetry 17625: 17623: 17620: 17619: 17617: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17600: 17596: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17568: 17565: 17564: 17562: 17558: 17550: 17545: 17542: 17538: 17533: 17530: 17526: 17521: 17518: 17514: 17509: 17506: 17502: 17497: 17494: 17490: 17485: 17482: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17475:Celtic League 17472: 17469: 17467: 17463: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17446: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17429: 17428: 17425: 17421: 17418: 17416: 17415:Celtic League 17413: 17411: 17408: 17407: 17406: 17405:Pan-Celticism 17403: 17401: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17392: 17389: 17385: 17380: 17376: 17366: 17363: 17360: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17341: 17338: 17336: 17333: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17306: 17305:Gaelicisation 17303: 17301: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17280:Celticisation 17278: 17276: 17273: 17271: 17268: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17252: 17250: 17246: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17211: 17209: 17205: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17145: 17143: 17139: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17102: 17098: 17095: 17094: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17084: 17083:Iron Age Gaul 17081: 17079: 17075: 17071: 17067: 17066:Roman Britain 17063: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17041: 17039: 17035: 17031: 17026: 17022: 17017: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16922:Irish Mexican 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16852: 16848: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16824: 16823: 16821: 16817: 16807: 16803: 16802: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16789: 16785: 16784: 16783: 16780: 16779: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16759: 16757: 16755: 16751: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16676: 16672: 16668: 16663: 16659: 16655: 16651: 16647: 16646:Celtic tribes 16643: 16639: 16635: 16631: 16626: 16622: 16618: 16611: 16606: 16604: 16599: 16597: 16592: 16591: 16588: 16578: 16577: 16564: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16544:Public houses 16542: 16540: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16527: 16524: 16522: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16469: 16467: 16463: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16435: 16432: 16431: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16419: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16405: 16401: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16346: 16344: 16342: 16338: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16300: 16297: 16296: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16282: 16278: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16266: 16262: 16260: 16259: 16255: 16253: 16252: 16248: 16246: 16245: 16241: 16239: 16238: 16234: 16232: 16231: 16227: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16204: 16203: 16200: 16199: 16197: 16195: 16191: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16168: 16165: 16164: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16157: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16147: 16145: 16143: 16139: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16117: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16102: 16100: 16098: 16094: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16069: 16067: 16065: 16061: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16012: 16010: 16006: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15989: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15979: 15977: 15975: 15971: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15927: 15925: 15921: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15846: 15844: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15831: 15827: 15823: 15818: 15814: 15800: 15799:Peace process 15797: 15795: 15792: 15788: 15785: 15784: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15766: 15763: 15762: 15761: 15758: 15757: 15755: 15753: 15749: 15743: 15740: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15729:(upper house) 15727: 15723: 15721: 15719:(lower house) 15717: 15713: 15712: 15711: 15707: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15689: 15686: 15685: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15660: 15658: 15656: 15652: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15635:Republicanism 15633: 15631: 15628: 15627: 15625: 15621: 15617: 15613: 15608: 15604: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15525: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15518: 15514: 15508: 15504: 15501: 15497: 15494: 15493: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15448: 15446: 15442: 15438: 15434: 15429: 15425: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15382: 15380: 15376: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15349:Peace process 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15329:The Emergency 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15309:Easter Rising 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15294:Fenian Rising 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15174: 15171: 15170: 15168: 15164: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15146: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15138: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15118: 15115: 15114: 15113: 15110: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15097: 15096: 15093: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15080: 15079: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15069:Early history 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15056: 15054: 15052: 15048: 15044: 15040: 15035: 15031: 15025: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15011: 15010: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14993: 14988: 14986: 14981: 14979: 14974: 14973: 14970: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14946: 14945: 14934: 14928: 14924: 14920: 14915: 14903: 14899: 14893: 14889: 14885: 14884: 14878: 14874: 14870: 14866: 14862: 14858: 14852: 14848: 14844: 14840: 14839: 14833: 14821: 14817: 14811: 14807: 14806: 14800: 14795: 14783: 14779: 14773: 14769: 14765: 14764: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14745: 14741: 14737: 14732: 14730: 14726: 14723: 14719: 14715: 14711: 14705: 14701: 14697: 14696:Penguin Books 14692: 14691: 14685: 14681: 14678: 14674: 14662: 14658: 14652: 14648: 14647: 14641: 14637: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14622: 14616: 14612: 14606: 14602: 14598: 14593: 14590: 14586: 14574: 14570: 14564: 14560: 14556: 14555: 14549: 14546: 14542: 14538: 14532: 14528: 14524: 14519: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14502: 14498: 14494: 14490: 14489: 14483: 14482: 14457: 14450: 14444: 14425: 14418: 14412: 14397: 14393: 14389: 14388: 14381: 14365: 14361: 14355: 14339: 14335: 14331: 14325: 14309: 14305: 14301: 14295: 14279: 14275: 14269: 14253: 14249: 14243: 14227: 14223: 14219: 14213: 14197: 14193: 14192: 14187: 14181: 14165: 14161: 14155: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14124: 14108: 14104: 14100: 14094: 14092: 14090: 14088: 14080: 14076: 14072: 14069: 14063: 14047: 14043: 14039: 14033: 14017: 14013: 14009: 14003: 13996: 13984: 13980: 13979: 13971: 13964: 13952: 13948: 13942: 13938: 13937: 13932: 13926: 13910: 13906: 13900: 13884: 13880: 13874: 13855: 13848: 13842: 13840: 13823: 13819: 13815: 13809: 13807: 13805: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13776: 13774: 13754: 13747: 13741: 13725: 13721: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13709: 13692: 13688: 13684: 13678: 13676: 13659: 13655: 13649: 13645: 13644: 13636: 13620: 13616: 13609: 13607: 13598: 13592: 13588: 13581: 13565: 13561: 13557: 13550: 13542: 13540:9780415070911 13536: 13532: 13525: 13517: 13511: 13507: 13503: 13502: 13494: 13486: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13471: 13463: 13455: 13449: 13445: 13441: 13440: 13432: 13424: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13409: 13401: 13392: 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13371: 13367: 13363: 13359: 13352: 13344: 13337: 13329: 13323: 13319: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13302: 13285: 13281: 13275: 13259: 13255: 13249: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13218: 13202: 13198: 13192: 13176: 13172: 13168: 13162: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13128: 13112: 13108: 13102: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13072: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13026: 13022: 13016: 12997: 12990: 12983: 12967: 12963: 12959: 12953: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12923: 12917: 12901: 12896: 12895: 12889: 12885: 12879: 12863: 12859: 12853: 12837: 12833: 12827: 12811: 12807: 12803: 12797: 12795: 12793: 12785: 12774: 12773: 12768: 12761: 12745: 12741: 12735: 12719: 12715: 12711: 12704: 12688: 12684: 12678: 12659: 12652: 12646: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12616: 12600: 12596: 12592: 12586: 12567: 12560: 12554: 12552: 12543: 12531: 12515: 12511: 12509:9789280534320 12505: 12501: 12497: 12493: 12492: 12484: 12468: 12464: 12460: 12454: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12379: 12375: 12374: 12373:Physics World 12369: 12362: 12346: 12342: 12338: 12331: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12297: 12290: 12282: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12267: 12259: 12243: 12239: 12233: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12201: 12185: 12181: 12175: 12171: 12170: 12162: 12154: 12148: 12144: 12137: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12105: 12099: 12092: 12091:0-7524-3129-3 12088: 12084: 12078: 12070: 12063: 12047: 12043: 12037: 12021: 12017: 12011: 12003: 11997: 11993: 11992: 11984: 11968: 11964: 11958: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11928: 11920: 11914: 11910: 11903: 11887: 11882: 11881: 11875: 11871: 11865: 11849: 11845: 11844: 11839: 11832: 11813: 11809: 11802: 11796: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11761: 11755: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11740: 11724: 11720: 11719: 11714: 11707: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11677: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11646: 11630: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11614: 11598: 11594: 11593: 11588: 11581: 11565: 11561: 11555: 11551: 11550: 11542: 11526: 11522: 11521: 11516: 11512: 11506: 11490: 11486: 11485: 11480: 11473: 11464: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11433: 11426: 11422: 11419: 11413: 11397: 11393: 11389: 11383: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11353: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11323: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11293: 11285: 11279: 11275: 11268: 11252: 11248: 11241: 11225: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11208: 11206: 11197: 11196: 11181: 11176: 11175: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11157: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11078: 11074: 11067: 11061: 11045: 11041: 11035: 11027: 11020: 11012: 11005: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10963: 10959: 10956: 10951: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10917: 10910: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10884: 10878: 10859: 10852: 10845: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10815: 10808: 10802: 10786: 10782: 10781: 10776: 10769: 10753: 10749: 10743: 10727: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10710: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10680: 10674: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10622: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10606: 10598: 10592: 10588: 10581: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10551: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10520: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10471: 10467: 10460: 10454: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10398: 10390: 10383: 10367: 10363: 10359: 10353: 10351: 10343: 10330: 10326: 10325: 10320: 10314: 10307: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10269: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10253: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10223: 10204: 10197: 10196: 10188: 10177: 10171: 10163: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10133: 10127: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10097: 10081: 10077: 10071: 10052: 10045: 10038: 10022: 10018: 10012: 10004: 9998: 9994: 9992: 9982: 9974: 9968: 9964: 9962: 9952: 9936: 9932: 9926: 9910: 9906: 9904:0-10-103802-X 9900: 9896: 9895: 9890: 9884: 9876: 9864: 9860: 9858:0-7190-0919-7 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9835: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9793: 9787: 9771: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9741: 9734: 9728: 9712: 9708: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9693: 9686: 9678: 9672: 9668: 9661: 9653: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9630: 9622: 9616: 9612: 9605: 9598: 9592: 9590: 9573: 9569: 9562: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9527: 9519: 9513: 9509: 9502: 9486: 9483:(38): 34–36. 9482: 9478: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9458: 9452: 9448: 9441: 9439: 9430: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9387: 9380: 9364: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9347: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9287: 9279: 9272: 9264: 9257: 9249: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9216: 9212: 9206: 9202: 9201: 9193: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9163: 9155: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9136: 9127: 9121: 9117: 9110: 9108: 9099: 9093: 9089: 9084: 9078: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9058: 9052: 9048: 9041: 9025: 9021: 9015: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8981: 8975: 8971: 8964: 8962: 8954: 8950: 8944: 8940: 8935: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8857: 8838: 8834: 8827: 8821: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8788: 8782: 8778: 8771: 8763: 8757: 8749: 8744: 8737: 8729: 8723: 8719: 8712: 8704: 8698: 8694: 8687: 8679: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8664: 8656: 8640: 8636: 8635: 8630: 8623: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8574: 8567: 8563: 8557: 8549: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8528: 8512: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8496: 8488: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8469: 8461: 8455: 8451: 8444: 8442: 8433: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8412: 8404: 8403: 8397: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8367: 8361: 8353: 8347: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8306: 8299: 8293: 8284: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8260: 8244: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8209: 8201: 8197: 8196: 8188: 8180: 8173: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8130: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8099: 8091: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8055: 8048: 8037: 8030: 8029: 8021: 8010: 8003: 8002: 7994: 7985: 7976: 7969: 7964: 7948: 7944: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7907: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7888: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7850: 7843: 7824: 7817: 7811: 7803: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7780: 7763: 7759: 7752: 7733: 7729: 7728:Ireland's DNA 7722: 7716: 7714: 7705: 7699: 7695: 7688: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7657: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7626: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7596: 7580: 7576: 7573:Lane, Megan. 7569: 7562: 7558: 7555: 7549: 7547: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7487: 7485: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7406: 7398: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7357: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7319: 7318: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7299: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7274: 7272: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7246: 7244: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7182: 7178: 7177:"2021 Census" 7173: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7144: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7107: 7088: 7081: 7075: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7045: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7000: 6996: 6989: 6983: 6975: 6969: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6910: 6891: 6887: 6880: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6823: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6789: 6784: 6771: 6765: 6763: 6755: 6749: 6740: 6736: 6728: 6726: 6725:Turlough Hill 6722: 6721:wind turbines 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6690: 6682: 6677: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6608:Castle Leslie 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6568:Stately homes 6565: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6505: 6504:Mount Stewart 6501: 6496: 6495: 6494:Brú na Bóinne 6489: 6483: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6374: 6367: 6354:£3.1 billion 6353: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6343:£2.5 billion 6342: 6340:£13.4 billion 6339: 6336: 6335: 6325: 6313:£5.2 billion 6312: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6302:£4.2 billion 6301: 6299:£11.3 billion 6298: 6295: 6294: 6284: 6277: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6102:Scotch whisky 6099: 6094: 6092: 6091:Irish whiskey 6087: 6083: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6057:in Dublin or 6056: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5998:black pudding 5995: 5991: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5965:Irish cuisine 5956: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5888:Darren Clarke 5885: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5725:Triple Crowns 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5356:Fermat number 5353: 5349: 5348:number theory 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5332:Edgeworth Box 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5281: 5280:Joseph Larmor 5277: 5273: 5269: 5268:wave equation 5265: 5261: 5257: 5256:Ernest Walton 5253: 5248: 5246: 5245:galvanisation 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5183: 5179: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5136: 5135:Abbey Theatre 5130: 5129:Irish theatre 5120: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5097:William Orpen 5094: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5026:Christy Moore 5021: 5015: 5014:Sweeney's Men 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4998:the Dubliners 4994: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4972:Christ Church 4969: 4965: 4964:Dublin Castle 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4930: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4893: 4892:John McGahern 4888: 4885: 4884: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4855:Seamus Heaney 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4768: 4760: 4754: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4710: 4704: 4692: 4691:Book of Kells 4687: 4678: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4619:Anglicisation 4612: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4511:instruction. 4509: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4455: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4436: 4435:Polish people 4431: 4428: 4423: 4413: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4193: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092:royal charter 4089: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4035:(south), and 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4001: 3985: 3969: 3953: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3848: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3832: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3808: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3776: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3760: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3744: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3728: 3721: 3720: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3690: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3650: 3643: 3642: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3626: 3619: 3618: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3489: 3488: 3482: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3445:, as well as 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376:common lizard 3372: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3358:plantations, 3357: 3353: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3282:Vulpes vulpes 3279: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3011: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920:Carboniferous 2917: 2914: 2913:metamorphosed 2910: 2906: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876:and south to 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821:River Shannon 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801:Carrauntoohil 2797: 2795: 2791: 2789: 2788:British Isles 2783: 2782:British Isles 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770:North Channel 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2738: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645:UK government 2641: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2563: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2539: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2514:based on the 2513: 2506: 2501: 2500: 2494: 2489: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2323:Edward Carson 2320: 2316: 2314: 2310: 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The 5324:quaternions 5272:Lord Kelvin 5241:transformer 5214:Boyle's law 5167:Billy Roche 5155:Brian Friel 5117:Alice Maher 5109:Sean Scully 4933:Irish dance 4916:James Joyce 4859:James Joyce 4832:Oscar Wilde 4749: 1800 4745: 1743 4635:Isle of Man 4546:areas near 4172:Settlement 4111:city status 4088:legislative 3910:Irish Times 3871:, English, 3847:Uí Liatháin 3532:within the 3467:plantations 3449:trees such 3400:extirpation 3322:pine marten 3239:Met Éireann 3032:, 2013 and 2936:Silvermines 2713:all-Ireland 2658:Along with 2552:upper house 2456:open border 2391:direct rule 2141:Second Dáil 1987:Robert Peel 1952:1841 census 1753:Great Frost 1699:West Indies 1650:, the then 1590:passed the 1580:Black Death 1544:Magna Carta 1507:plantations 1405:Trim Castle 1228:Brehon Laws 1170:in contrast 1128:Greco-Roman 1094:David Reich 894:land bridge 892:(but not a 880:During the 787:Irish dance 779:Irish music 661:Middle Ages 195:Adjacent to 184:Archipelago 171: / 147:Coordinates 19503:Categories 19378:Sercquiais 18743:– in Italy 18645:Ceathairne 18509:Gallaecian 18139:Road bowls 18044:Eisteddfod 18012:Calan Awst 18008:Lughnasadh 17614:Literature 17477:definition 17300:Clan chief 17087:Roman Gaul 17078:Hen Ogledd 16804:including 16786:including 16418:Cláirseach 16321:Travellers 16179:Rock music 16162:Folk music 16097:Literature 15899:Soda bread 15782:Government 15709:parliament 15706:Oireachtas 15683:Government 15623:Ideologies 15254:Penal Laws 15145:since 1922 15059:Prehistory 14908:26 October 14845:. p. 14826:26 October 14788:26 October 14698:. p. 14667:26 October 14599:. Dublin: 14579:26 October 14525:. Munich: 14495:. p. 14491:. London: 14433:20 October 14258:13 January 14113:22 October 13762:28 October 13697:9 February 13560:GlobalPost 13151:8 November 13117:8 November 12842:13 October 12778:25 January 12667:15 October 12605:24 January 12575:21 October 12520:23 October 12433:Science.ie 12026:23 January 11973:20 October 11947:9 November 11775:Irish News 11658:. London. 11635:9 December 11531:9 November 11453:31 January 11342:15 October 11312:23 January 11146:4 December 10867:28 October 10791:2 November 10699:5 November 10679:"Rainfall" 10627:27 January 10540:5 November 10509:9 November 10479:5 November 10443:5 November 10327:. London. 10300:9 December 10060:15 October 9941:23 October 9915:23 October 9717:26 October 9578:8 November 9539:(2): 322. 9491:13 October 9402:8 November 9306:8 November 9221:26 October 9030:23 January 9004:8 November 8743:Ó Clabaigh 8645:8 November 8637:. London. 8517:26 October 8420:. Dublin: 8378:. p. 8249:17 October 8162:26 October 7911:28 October 7790:. Oxford: 7768:23 October 7503:(1–2): 1. 7436:26 October 7232:29 January 7034:17 January 6899:2 November 6779:References 6713:wind power 6681:Maam Cross 6654:Ballyclare 6580:neo-Gothic 6440:emigration 6186:See also: 6116:, such as 6010:Irish stew 5986:white meat 5926:Malin Head 5898:Recreation 5867:Carnoustie 5851:The K Club 5778:Olympics. 5729:Grand Slam 5604:finals in 5526:Croke Park 5407:See also: 5340:Adam Smith 5252:physicists 5101:Jack Yeats 5067:the Pogues 5038:Thin Lizzy 4960:Irish harp 4952:suantraige 4948:geantraige 4747: – c. 4697:Literature 4675:Irish pubs 4231:1,458,154 3891:Protestant 3791:Gamanraige 3743:Dartraighe 3697:Eóganachta 3689:Ciannachta 3538:ecoregions 3522:palm trees 3500:), a wild 3451:Scots pine 3388:brown bear 3314:Irish hare 3236:Source 1: 3020:at inland 2924:the Burren 2905:Bantry Bay 2898:intrusives 2882:Ordovician 2866:Caledonide 2852:of Ireland 2850:Topography 2774:Celtic Sea 2556:government 2528:Oireachtas 1903:'s failed 1728:Penal Laws 1648:Henry VIII 1584:Gaelicised 1475:Papal Bull 1415:in Ireland 1393:See also: 1224:Viking Age 976:, brewing 966:Bronze Age 905:Mesolithic 890:ice bridge 820:The names 767:literature 717:dissenters 320:Population 159:07°30′11″W 156:53°26′58″N 19358:Auregnais 18994:Geography 18675:Redshanks 18650:Ceithearn 18378:Brittonic 18370:Languages 18003:Calan Mai 17994:Gŵyl Fair 17968:Festivals 17783:Interlace 17207:Mythology 17198:Practices 17110:Gallaecia 16724:Galatians 16549:Squatting 16265:Fomorians 16194:Mythology 16064:Languages 16049:Halloween 16025:Bealtaine 16008:Festivals 15999:Stepdance 15904:Spice Bag 15889:Irish fry 15879:Colcannon 15854:Barmbrack 15777:Education 15735:President 15673:Education 15589:Transport 15564:Provinces 15486:Mountains 15461:Coastline 15433:Geography 15324:Civil War 15279:Tithe War 14736:The Celts 14334:Bord Gáis 14144:1 January 14052:30 August 14022:30 August 13989:17 August 13957:17 August 13818:Europa.eu 13382:1758-1095 13207:14 August 13061:16 August 12972:14 August 12926:RTÉ Sport 12816:4 October 12724:14 August 12693:3 October 12540:ignored ( 12530:cite book 12413:30 August 12320:30 August 12248:4 October 12131:, p. 659. 12119:, ed. by 12052:4 October 11821:6 October 11402:17 August 11086:1 January 10994:1 January 10941:30 August 10899:30 August 10834:15 August 10570:30 August 10116:29 August 10027:4 January 9991:Sinn Féin 9961:Sinn Féin 9824:30 August 9811:1649-6728 9748:pp 37–66. 9695:. Paris: 8911:25 August 8612:15 August 8239:163531116 8225:: 57–59. 7864:1578-5386 7525:128396341 7132:30 August 7096:7 October 7064:7 October 6948:128982465 6865:2212-6821 6711:(such as 6572:Palladian 6558:Connemara 6464:Corn Laws 6022:colcannon 5951:fishery. 5933:coastline 5924:being in 5880:U.S. Open 5859:Fred Daly 5602:World Cup 5593:Argentina 5555:Irish Cup 5364:John Nash 5358:in 2003. 5338:inspired 5294:in 1891. 5051:the Corrs 4944:goltraige 4905:Gaeltacht 4873:Bloomsday 4641:interlace 4548:Dungarvan 4543:Gaeltacht 4537:Gaeltacht 4530:Gaeltacht 4519:Gaelscoil 4497:Old Norse 4484:Old Irish 4448:Languages 4417:Migration 4395:Waterford 4228:1,263,219 4113:by Queen 4073:Tipperary 4069:Waterford 3815:Partraige 3807:Múscraige 3775:Fortuatha 3735:Conmaicne 3727:Cíarraige 3719:Cálraighe 3711:Attacotti 3681:Connachta 3641:Deirgtine 3625:Dál Riata 3447:evergreen 3407:deciduous 3384:great auk 3380:Irish elk 3278:red foxes 3015:0 °C 2996:temperate 2786:the term 2766:Irish Sea 2726:Geography 2629:executive 2562:Taoiseach 2532:bicameral 2524:president 2518:, with a 2407:Executive 2340:sectarian 2331:Home Rule 2311:in 1941. 2125:Partition 2095:Sinn Féin 2018:Home Rule 1991:George IV 1814:rebellion 1724:Jacobites 1722:over the 1654:, of the 1484:Adrian IV 1369:Waterford 1269:Dark Ages 1244:Palladius 1197:Newgrange 1181:Latinised 1155:Geography 1077:Milesians 1037:Neolithic 919:cultivars 912:Neolithic 832:Old Irish 816:Etymology 725:a part of 602:Irish Sea 436:Time zone 346:Languages 222:Coastline 213:Area rank 134:Geography 19474:Scottish 19373:Jèrriais 19289:Germanic 19203:Guernsey 19191:Scotland 19113:Scotland 19060:Shetland 19023:Hebrides 18911:Scotland 18876:Politics 18865:Hibernia 18660:Gaesatae 18551:dialects 18514:Lepontic 18504:Galatian 18406:Goidelic 18256:Autonomy 18171:Politics 18124:Rounders 17976:Calendar 17949:Scotland 17934:Cornwall 17929:Brittany 17817:Clothing 17768:Knotwork 17746:Brooches 17718:Scotland 17703:Cornwall 17698:Brittany 17577:Y Wladfa 17532:Scotland 17496:Cornwall 17484:Brittany 17335:Seanchaí 17330:Tanistry 17290:Derbfine 17219:Scottish 17105:Brittany 17101:Domnonée 17097:Armorica 17092:Britonia 17074:Dumnonia 17049:Dálriata 16734:Lepontii 16729:Helvetii 16714:Gallaeci 16507:Monastic 16472:Calendar 16456:Shamrock 16451:Red Hand 16389:Rounders 16054:Wren Day 15988:Sean-nós 15940:Guinness 15884:Drisheen 15760:Assembly 15742:Taxation 15645:Unionism 15612:Politics 15545:Counties 15289:Land War 15181:Clontarf 15177:Glenmama 15051:Timeline 14902:Archived 14867:(1947). 14820:Archived 14782:Archived 14760:(2005). 14725:Archived 14686:(1988). 14661:Archived 14573:Archived 14424:Archived 14308:Archived 14284:30 March 14226:Archived 14196:Archived 14071:Archived 14046:Archived 14016:Archived 13983:Archived 13951:Archived 13915:1 August 13889:1 August 13822:Archived 13787:Archived 13724:Archived 13691:Archived 13658:Archived 13619:Archived 13617:. CNBC. 13290:26 March 13284:Archived 13264:26 March 13258:Archived 13238:27 March 13232:Archived 13201:Archived 13181:26 March 13085:Archived 13055:Archived 13031:29 March 13005:29 March 12966:Archived 12962:RTÉ News 12936:Archived 12900:Archived 12888:RTÉ News 12862:Archived 12836:Archived 12744:Archived 12718:Archived 12687:Archived 12629:Archived 12599:Archived 12514:Archived 12467:Archived 12437:Archived 12407:Archived 12378:Archived 12345:Archived 12311:Archived 12216:Archived 12214:. 2014. 12190:28 April 12184:Archived 12020:Archived 11967:Archived 11886:Archived 11884:. 2015. 11854:31 March 11848:Archived 11779:Archived 11750:Archived 11723:Archived 11696:31 March 11690:Archived 11660:Archived 11629:Archived 11597:Archived 11564:Archived 11525:Archived 11495:6 August 11489:Archived 11447:Archived 11421:Archived 11396:Archived 11372:2 August 11366:Archived 11336:Archived 11306:Archived 11251:Archived 11140:Archived 11138:. 2014. 11110:Archived 11050:26 March 11044:Archived 10958:Archived 10935:archived 10923:, 2011, 10921:Eurostat 10893:Archived 10785:Archived 10726:Archived 10693:Archived 10657:Archived 10534:Archived 10470:Archived 10366:Archived 10329:Archived 10203:Archived 10147:Archived 10080:Archived 10051:Archived 10021:Archived 9935:Archived 9909:Archived 9891:(1988). 9869:30 April 9863:Archived 9815:Archived 9744:Foster, 9711:Archived 9572:Archived 9553:20030588 9485:Archived 9396:Archived 9369:16 April 9330:Archived 9300:Archived 9215:Archived 9182:28 March 9086:(1989). 9024:Archived 8929:(1989). 8905:Archived 8881:23 March 8875:Archived 8837:Archived 8639:Archived 8606:Archived 8582:19 March 8573:Archived 8511:Archived 8503:(1888). 8368:(1894). 8243:Archived 8156:Archived 8119:1 August 8113:Archived 8090:15309688 7947:Archived 7868:Archived 7823:Archived 7671:Archived 7646:24 April 7640:Archived 7615:21 March 7609:Archived 7605:BBC News 7579:Archived 7557:Archived 7529:Archived 7467:Archived 7430:Archived 7340:Archived 7307:Archived 7281:Archived 7253:Archived 7223:Archived 7181:Archived 7160:Archived 7126:Archived 7087:Archived 7058:Archived 7028:Archived 7008:11 April 6999:Archived 6952:Archived 6890:Archived 6768:Part of 6658:Twynholm 6560:and the 6552:and the 6232:Southern 6144:Guinness 6126:cocktail 6110:Canadian 6106:American 6059:drisheen 5949:driftnet 5913:Bundoran 5705:Leinster 5671:and the 5650:Scottish 5616:and the 5591:against 5589:line out 5446:handball 5381:and the 5291:electron 5254:include 5030:Horslips 4775:Coiscéim 4659:Religion 4469:Iron Age 4444:crisis. 4281:Limerick 4271:305,222 4251:639,000 4208:Limerick 4123:Kilkenny 4061:Limerick 4031:(east), 4029:Leinster 4027:(west), 4025:Connacht 3968:Connacht 3952:Leinster 3895:Anglican 3873:Africans 3865:Flemings 3839:Uí Maine 3799:Mairtine 3783:Gailenga 3767:Fir Bolg 3443:hawthorn 3390:and the 3337:Red deer 3318:red deer 3306:hedgehog 2916:Devonian 2886:Silurian 2874:Longford 2829:Limerick 2817:Leinster 2778:Brittany 2768:and the 2699:and the 2633:assembly 2474:after a 2438:Politics 2359:loyalist 1948:Land War 1883:and the 1822:Connacht 1689:and the 1681:and the 1666:and the 1601:The Pale 1558:and the 1464:Henry II 1357:Limerick 1324:and the 1318:Scotland 1185:Hibernia 1161:Iouernia 1137:Almagest 986:brooches 943:Tyrawley 915:settlers 713:Catholic 139:Location 19509:Ireland 19439:English 19434:Cornish 19429:British 19350:Romance 19320:Cornish 19297:English 19274:Society 19181:England 19171:Ireland 19155:Ireland 19139:outline 19134:History 19108:England 19088:Ireland 19040:Ireland 18901:England 18892:Ireland 18855:Britain 18850:Prydain 18713:Deities 18670:Hobelar 18632:Warfare 18595:Warfare 18529:Pictish 18524:Cumbric 18499:Gaulish 18471:Extinct 18391:Cornish 18189:history 18134:Hurling 18108:Ladies' 18099:Curling 18072:Camogie 17999:Beltane 17981:Samhain 17939:Ireland 17708:Ireland 17603:Culture 17572:England 17508:Ireland 17466:Nations 17365:Coinage 17355:Warfare 17248:Society 17239:Cornish 17229:British 17132:Galatia 17122:Balkans 17030:Studies 16767:Cornish 16762:Bretons 16739:Noricum 16694:Britons 16667:Peoples 16477:Castles 16404:Symbols 16374:Hurling 16359:Camogie 16258:Firbolg 16244:Immrama 16237:Echtrai 16167:session 16150:Ballads 16127:Theatre 16116:Gaeilge 16110:Fiction 16045:Samhain 15960:Whiskey 15834:Cuisine 15822:Culture 15772:Economy 15668:Economy 15476:Islands 15451:Climate 15444:Natural 15039:History 14999:Ireland 14799:Ó Gráda 14722:excerpt 14720:(2007) 14547:(2007). 14527:Prestel 14517:(1971). 14304:EirGrid 13863:25 July 13730:20 July 13664:27 June 13625:4 April 13570:5 April 13439:Ireland 13391:1279494 12351:4 April 11186:30 July 11116:30 July 10732:21 July 10683:Climate 10647:Climate 10274:28 June 10086:22 June 9776:6 April 9077:Ó Gráda 8322:(ed.), 8109:Eupedia 8081:1182057 7741:27 June 7677:19 July 7585:19 July 7505:Bibcode 7346:31 July 7187:23 June 7166:23 June 6958:13 July 6928:Bibcode 6843:Bibcode 6693:biomass 6639:EirGrid 6476:Tourism 6438:and of 6403:$ 3010 6400:$ 2393 6392:$ 2198 6172:Economy 6162:Bulmers 6157:Magners 6118:Baileys 6050:cheeses 6046:mussels 6042:oysters 6034:cabbage 5937:angling 5904:Lahinch 5693:Munster 5646:English 5595:in 2007 5575:Ireland 5513:in the 5438:cricket 5419:hurling 5310:, from 5262:. With 5173:Science 5059:Clannad 4981:Messiah 4864:Ulysses 4592:Culture 4362:67,599 4286:102,287 4266:222,333 4246:293,298 4241:Belfast 4225:592,713 4164:Belfast 4033:Munster 4000:Munster 3857:Normans 3853:Vikings 3831:Uaithni 3823:Soghain 3649:Delbhna 3633:Dáirine 3609:Cruthin 3484:Furze ( 3471:Coillte 3369:culling 3356:conifer 3302:red fox 3231:(−2.4) 3221:(11.3) 3216:(17.1) 3206:(27.1) 3201:(31.5) 3196:(26.1) 3191:(21.9) 3186:(18.1) 3171:(−2.4) 3161:(91.9) 3156:(64.6) 3151:(68.2) 3146:(77.4) 3141:(84.4) 3136:(89.8) 3131:(91.4) 3126:(91.9) 3121:(83.1) 3116:(78.4) 3111:(74.5) 3106:(64.6) 3101:(65.3) 3004:Munster 2976:Climate 2970:Helvick 2926:around 2835:Geology 2638:Belfast 2223:during 1716:William 1697:in the 1460:Angevin 1456:Breifne 1365:Wexford 1322:England 1306:Columba 1232:brehons 1134:in his 1132:Ptolemy 1069:Priteni 1044:Tuosist 978:alcohol 859:History 822:Ireland 697:England 612:of the 576:Airlann 498:Ireland 352:English 312:Demonym 300:Belfast 285:Country 118:Ireland 75:Airlann 48:Ireland 19422:People 19409:Shelta 19363:French 19312:Celtic 19208:Jersey 19055:Orkney 18940:Jersey 18840:Albion 18708:Tribes 18655:Fianna 18442:Shelta 18386:Breton 18206:status 18144:Shinty 18119:Gouren 18083:Cnapan 18077:Cammag 17990:Imbolc 17913:Carnyx 17839:Tartan 17758:Carnyx 17525:Mannin 17501:Kernow 17489:Breizh 17359:Gaelic 17315:Fáinne 17260:Brehon 17234:Breton 17183:Druids 17037:Places 16744:Volcae 16689:Belgae 16650:· 16648: 16642:· 16640: 16634:· 16632: 16482:Cinema 16281:People 16230:Aos Sí 16217:Ulster 16212:Fenian 16202:Cycles 16132:Triads 16122:Poetry 16105:Annals 16082:Shelta 16035:Lúnasa 16015:Imbolc 15950:Poitín 15930:Coffee 15923:Drinks 15874:Coddle 15540:Cities 15491:Rivers 15481:Loughs 15166:Events 15024:topics 15016:topics 15002:topics 14929: 14894: 14853: 14812: 14774: 14746: 14706: 14653: 14632: 14607: 14565: 14533: 14503: 14344:27 May 13943: 13828:10 May 13793:4 July 13650: 13593: 13537: 13512: 13481: 13470:Dublin 13450: 13419: 13388: 13380: 13324: 13091:28 May 12868:28 May 12635:8 June 12506: 12277: 12222:28 May 12176: 12149: 12127: 12089: 11998: 11915: 11808:CSO.ie 11556: 11280: 11257:7 June 11195:Seanad 10927: 10593: 10413:30 May 10372:30 May 10335:2 June 9999: 9969: 9901: 9855: 9809: 9799:CSO.ie 9703: 9673: 9648: 9617: 9551: 9514: 9453: 9425: 9244: 9207: 9150: 9122: 9094: 9083:Cormac 9053: 8976: 8945: 8808: 8783: 8724: 8699: 8674: 8544: 8483: 8456: 8428: 8237: 8231:296171 8229: 8148: 8088: 8078: 7902: 7877:17 May 7862: 7832:27 May 7798: 7700: 7523: 7422: 7412:"Ériu" 6946: 6863: 6652:, and 6618:Energy 6517:, the 6513:, the 6430:, and 6389:$ 1459 6055:coddle 5994:Maasai 5941:salmon 5794:, and 5735:Boxing 5703:) and 5685:Ulster 5507:Tyrone 5496:, and 5450:hockey 5434:boxing 5397:Sports 5312:Lurgan 5276:kelvin 5147:Galway 5115:, and 5008:, the 4991:Irish 4976:Handel 4639:Irish 4584:, and 4574:Shelta 4501:French 4400:60,079 4381:64,596 4376:Bangor 4343:72,301 4324:85,279 4305:85,910 4300:Galway 4220:Dublin 4153:Dublin 4100:Armagh 4065:Galway 4053:Dublin 4049:Ulster 4037:Ulster 3984:Ulster 3928:, and 3900:. 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