Chaves, Portugal - Knowledge

2278: 3319: 53: 4570: 60: 494: 71: 78: 3160: 3284: 988:, and Verín. The waters of the spring, that are captured in three springs within Chaves, have mean temperatures of 73 °C (163 °F) (the hottest bicarbonate waters in Europe). The modern spa industry in Chaves use these waters for numerous treatments, including stomach, liver, intestinal, and kidney ailments, through oral ingestion. Many small guesthouses in the old part of the town are dependent on the influx of these visitors. The thermal spas are located between the castle and the river, in front of a large area of grass-covered park with playgrounds and tennis courts. 3300: 96: 2016:, between the Engenheiro Carmona Bridge and the Public Gardens, was opened to the public. It is an area with playgrounds, pedestrian and cycling paths, a beach football pitch, and a large grassy area. A modern pedestrian bridge was constructed to link the park and recreational area with the hot springs on the west bank of the river. At the same time cycling and walking paths were built on both banks of the river extending north for several kilometers. The pedestrian bridge, which is approximately 90 ft, is Chave's tallest and most expensive bridge. 2270: 1959: 809: 89: 416: 479: 937:. Two main faults cross and influence the tectonic activities: the north-northeast by south-southeast Chaves-Verin Fault and a fault system crossing near Faiões and Santo Estêvão. The first fault developed from late Hercynian tectonic episode occurring between 280 and 300 million years ago, that developed into an almost north–south direction into the lithosphere. Intense neotectonic activity reactivated these old fractures, originating in a complex pattern of faults in the sedimentary basin. 134: 4590: 505: 1978:

impeded the construction of homes outside the barriers. Consequently, space was limited and land primarily used for multi-purpose dwellings, resulting in very narrow streets and multi-story structures (with balconies that extend over the streets and protected the citizenry). Many of the lower floors were occupied by shops or small businesses, while the residents lived in the upper stories. Remnants of these verandas are still visible in the medieval quarter.

3292: 2262: 4934: 197: 532:, linking Rome to the region's natural resources. It was a military centre known for its baths, which lasted until the 16th century. This civilization constructed protective walls to protect the local population; spanned the river with the bridge; promoted the baths (with its warm medicinal waters); exploited local mines and alluvial deposits and other natural resources. Its importance led to the urban nucleus being elevated to the status of 3311: 921: 4578: 149: 465: 124: 997: 1036:

to 13–14 °C (55–57 °F). Summer brush fires can often make this season unpleasant although in recent years they have diminished, perhaps because most of the forest cover has been burnt. Chaves is one of the few places in Portugal with a dry March. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Chaves was −8.5 °C (16.7 °F) on 22 January 1983.

1031:, only 50 km (31 mi) away, can have up to five times the amount of precipitation Chaves gets in a year. Winters can be cold; January highs rarely surpass 15 °C (59 °F) and lows are often below zero. Fog often hovers over the valley during the winter, usually lifting by midday, but on rare occasions can last for days. 2057:. On the whole, the land is made up of small plots that are rarely economically viable. There is some dairy farming, and a milk production unit on the south side of town, but few cows can be seen in the valley. In general most of the farmers are of retirement age and farming is often pursued more as a hobby than as a profession. 1913:

In the past 127 years, the municipality has seen a 29% increase in local population (from 31815 in 1864 to 40940 in 1991). This was not a gradual nor homogeneous increase, since there were periods of extreme growth or rapid decline. During the 20th century, growth after 1920 is notably influenced by

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in the winter can often cause daytime temperatures to drop below 5 °C (41 °F). Snow is infrequent, especially in recent years although the surrounding hills often receive a dusting. Temperatures in July and August frequently pass 30 °C (86 °F) with nighttime temperatures dropping

1921:

The parish populations have seen fluctuations, although the most recent census show that 31 of these agglomerations had population levels in 1991 much lower than their first tabulation. Further, analysis of the data identifies that the municipal increase (29%) was primarily from the more urbanized

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Mineral waters are the clearest evidence of these recent tectonic fractures. The Penacova-Régua-Verín Fault, is an active formation that extends longitudinally for 500 kilometres, intermingled with other faults resulting in subterranean hydrology. The thermal springs, principally those in Campilho

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was charged with the defense of Chaves, but his 6000 men were unable to support its defense, and quickly abandoned the castle. An attempt to defend Chaves by Francisco Pizarro was futile, and the city surrendered to French forces shortly after the engagement. With too many troops to imprison Soult

1977:

have been declared historic zones. In these areas there are narrow multi-story dwellings, whose origin has been limited by the walled city. Historically, the old quarter was the city, and few buildings were located outside its walls, since its frontier location and the imminent risk of invasion

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was the main cause of extensive tectonic activities and it was responsible for the formation of the hydrothermal field within the region. The Chaves graben was formed by the relative motion of the block with different types of sediments being settled. The most recent formations are a sedimentary

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parochial church and former-cathedral (decommissioned when the bishopric was moved to Vila Real and abandoned after 716 A.D. during the Moorish invasion), was renovated in the 16th century, but the three nave church conserves many of the sturdy solid granite features and austere facade on the

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and Salus Vidago (in Vila de Vidago) have developed from this mixture of circumstances. With temperatures reaching 73 °C (163 °F), these mineral springs (bicarbonates, sodium, silicates and fluoride) in the vicinity of the city of Chaves, have provided a potential source of income.

5016: 980:, 30 km from Chaves (on the road to Vila Real). Despite its vastness and abundance of water, this thermal system is little utilized; of the nine groups of thermal springs there are only adequate installations in four of them: Chaves, Carvalhelhos, 1941:

Chaves has been isolated from the coastal urban centers and has suffered from a lack of convenient road communications. Recently, a new four-lane highway (A24) was opened to traffic. It links Chaves to Vila Real, and to the border with Spain. In

2096:

by the A7 (which acts as the gateway to the southern Trás-os-Montes), and the N103 from Bragança to Braga. Chaves is located 415 kilometres from Lisbon, 105 kilometres from Porto and just 55 kilometres from the district capital, Vila Real.

528:, constructing a nascent outpost and taking over the existing castros in the area. The settlement was located at the convergence of three important Roman roads: the Bracara Augusta, Asturica, and Lamecum that crossed the Roman Province of 2104:, a narrow gauge railway line which linked Chaves with Vila Real and Regua (the junction station for main line trains to Porto). The section between Chaves and Vila Real closed in 1990 and the remainder of the line closed in 2009. 5020: 754:

released many under oath, in order to continue the attack on the main forces who had retreated to the south. But Francisco Silveira did not quit, and as the main French went on to defeat the Anglo-Portuguese alliance at the

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met in 1230/1231. This was likely a self-serving decision on Fernando's part, as he was fearful that Leonese barons would support Sancho against him. Alfonso IX continued to occupy Chaves as a method of ensuring his wife,

735:. Yet, many nobles refused to break their oaths of fealty to Beatrice (including in Chaves), necessitating John's travel to Porto in force and scaring the nobles of Chaves and Bragança into capitulating. 417: 2024:

Agriculture and services are still the main sources of income. The traditional prosperity of Chaves comes, mainly, from a highly fertile plain, nine kilometres long and three to five wide, referred to as

2068:; there are several granite extraction and finishing industries located in Chaves, in addition to three brickworks, located on the south side of the city. Further, two mineral water plants, located in 5436:

The last bishop, Idacio (who remained in this position for 40 years) was Roman bishop in the 5th century (during the period of Suevian invasions along the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula).

1966:

The population of the city encompasses 17,535 residents in the parishes of Santa Cruz-Trinidade, Madalena, and Santa Maria Maior: these parishes form the urbanized population of the city of Chaves.

738:

The remnants of the Roman baths, and the houses used to assist the invalid, were demolished by the Count of Mesquitella at the end of the 17th century, in order to reinforce the defense of Chaves.

4539:), a sanctuary dedicated to an uncommon invocation to the image of Mary (responsible for aiding those with diseased-, crooked-/crossed-legs, or afflictions associated with walking, such as 628:

permanently reconquered Coimbra, establishing a firm buffer-zone to the south. He reconstructed, settled and encircled the settlement of Chaves with walls, in addition to establishing a

5498:

Monteiro Santos, F.A.; Dupis, A.; Andrade Afonso, A.R.; Mendes-Victor, L.A. (1995), "Magnetotelluric Observations Over the Chaves Geothermal Field (NE Portugal): Preliminary Results",

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were an important social gathering point, but fell into disuse as the town was slowly abandoned by attacks. The spas belong to a vast area of hydrothermal springs that stretch from

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or Marshall's Revolt, was signed in Chaves. Chaves was also a site of various religious apparitions, during the decade of 1830, eventually resulting in the construction of the

4193: 582:). Ironically, the Romans were complicit in Aquae Flaviae's near destruction. Barbarian dominion lasted until the Moors invaded from North Africa, defeating the Visigoth King 5004: 4102:

exterior and interior (such as the cylindrical columns supporting eight arches, a stone-ribbed dome covering the main chapel, stained glass and an unpainted oak ceiling).

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followed over their claims to the throne, which almost completely destroyed the village (it was settled in favour of Frumar, who imprisoned Idácio, the notable Bishop of

5507:

Santos, Fernando Ackio Monteiro; Afonso, Anthio Roque Andrade; Victor, Luis Alberto Mendes (1997), "Study of the Chaves Geothermal Field Using 3D Resistivity Modeling",

2134:), two medieval fortifications still exist: Santo Estêvão Tower (in the village of the same name north of Chaves) and Monforte Castle (in the hills east of the town). 5114:

The construction of the bridge was a remodelling of the existing bridge, which was constructed by various tribes that already lived in the vicinity (CUP, 1970, p.13)

3273:), built on a northern hill for a perceived possible Spanish invasion, during the Portuguese Restoration War, the fort was connected to the defensive line of Chaves. 438:(Spain). The population of the entire municipality in 2011 was 41,243, in an area of 591.23 km. The municipality is the second most populous of the district of 5718: 1922:

parishes, while peripheral rural/mountainous parishes show net decreases. Many of the local people have emigrated to settlements in northern Europe in addition to

601: 1733: 1914:

the restriction of trans-Atlantic emigration, just like after 1991, the population decreases were associated with liberal emigration policies as a result of the

4543:), families with young children would visit the sanctuary and bathe their children in a carved granite stone with "miraculous waters". In addition to chapel to 551:. Artefacts from the area around the Matriz church indicate that Aquae Flaviae's centre was located in this place, in addition to an ancient headstone showing 5596: 2678:(his coat-of-arms appears on the main door), as a chapel and military hospital, but includes many Neoclassic and Baroque elements (including a high facade). 3191: 2872:

Escola Primária e cantina escolar de Águas Frias/Escola Alfredo e Teresa Soares e Cantina Matilde Soares Mesquita/Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo de Águas Frias

878: 159: 4620: 2791: 1969:

Although many of the older buildings outside the historical walls were demolished to make way for apartment blocks, the medieval quarter with its

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king who destroyed the city, imprisoned the clergyman, but was later released and returned to his church (which had been severely damaged). The

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Later, these rooms were used to lodge families that had returned from the Portuguese colonies when these got their independence in the 1970s.

3334:), there are other buildings which have been artistically converted into hotel rooms, and which served the army as barracks for many years. 1601: 604:

at around 714-716, forcing many resisting Christians to escape from Chaves into the mountains in the northwest. The city was conquered by

4703: 5589: 4864: 4918: 1926:, but commonly return or visit their villages for weddings or village festivals. Many residents of Chaves have also immigrated to 5464:

Capela da Senhora do Engaranho/Capela da Senhora das Necessidades/Santuário da Senhora do Engaranho (IPA.00012008/PT011703060098)

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Evaluation of Geothermal Resources Between Lamego e Vila Verde da Raia: Geological Final Report (Program JGULE/ECE-JOUG-0009-C)

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would make the castle's fortifications obsolete, and its importance waned, while the historical battlements fell into ruins.

885:, the basin extends into the depression of the Verin Basin. One of the oldest formations in the region, it dates back to the 750: 4909: 4463:

Mosteiro de Nossa Senhora da Conceição/Liceu Fernão Magalhães/Liceu Nacional de Chaves/Escola Secundária Fernão de Magalhães

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Escola Agrária Móvel Alves Teixeira/Escola Agrícola de Vidago/Centro de Formação Técnico Profissional Agrária Alves Teixeira

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The Republican forces were eulogized in toponymic references in Lisbon, with the designation of an avenue in their honour (

4525:), it is the centre of annual (7 August) celebrations, when seven images of the saint are carried in religious processions. 516:. Remnants discovered in Mairos, Pastoria and São Lourenço, those associated with transient proto-historic settlements and 209: 5043: 1985:, transited by armies and sacked by enemies. Chaves was built, destroyed, and rebuilt several times by either faction ( 848:, strategically positioned in the northwest of the Iberian peninsula and accessed by important international highways. 697: 524:. The region has seen persistent human settlement since Roman legions conquered and occupied the fertile valley of the 263: 17: 5555: 5532: 5089: 3205: 829: 3318: 762: 4628: 659:, Portuguese knights attacked the Galician tenancy of his half-brother Martin Sanches (who lived in the kingdom of 1993:), when they occupied the castle (it is likely that for some periods the town was completely abandoned). In 1253, 1009: 933:

series (lacustrine, alluvial, colluvial, detritic, etc.) with variable thickness that had their origin during the

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The ornate rooftop of the Baroque-influence Church of São João de Deus, commonly known as the Church of Madalena

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The Church of the Misercórdia, built in the 17th century, is the dynastic resting place for some members of the

4970: 4868: 4751: 3258:), plans for a hill fort had persisted since the Middle Ages, but this fort was only constructed following the 1698: 4631:(1775–1833) a military officer, served in the office of Governor of Arms, and led Portuguese troops based in 369: 5140:

Thompson (1982), p.167; Hydatius wrote: Inter Frumarium et Rechimundum oritur de regni potestate dissensio (

1028: 749:. On 7 March 1808, Soult's forces invaded northern Portugal to remove British forces from Iberia. Brigadier 5522: 4724: 3233: 2060:

In addition to agriculture there are some small industries producing glass, tiles, and food products. Like

512:

Artefacts discovered in the region of Chaves identify the earliest settlement of humans dating back to the

349: 52: 5189: 5164: 4569: 3295:

The front facade of the parochial Church of Santa Maria Maior, former cathedral dating to the 11th century

456:, Chaves has developed into a regional center. The urban area or city proper has 17,535 residents (2001). 5708: 5092:[History of the Chamber]. Chaves, Portugal: Município do Concelho de Chaves. 2010. Archived from 4694: 4676: 3985:

Igreja Paroquial de Curral de Vacas/Igreja Paroquial de Santo António de Monforte/Igreja de Santo António

2811:

Quartel da Guarda Principal/Paços dos Duques de Bragança/Museu Flaviense/Repartição de Finanças de Chaves

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had estates in that region. Provoking Sanches to invade northern Portugal. The Leonese fought battles in

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In course, the name of Aquae Flaviae began to disappear, being supplanted by the more Hispanic-sounding

3259: 924:

A glimpse of the sedimentary Chaves basin, consisting of the parishes of Santa Maria Maior and Madalena

715:, since he left no male heirs. The potential loss of independence of Portugal, through her marriage to 269: 133: 37: 4655: 3163:

The former Keep Tower of Chaves, principal remnant of the castle and fortifications of medieval Chaves

1024: 5703: 4671: 3951: 789: 629: 4601:(1720–1820), an explorer and conquistador, he went to Brazil aged 16, conquering lands in the 2786:

Câmara Municipal e Cadeia de Torre de Ervededo/Associação Cultural e Recreativa da Torre de Ervededo

59: 5386: 4719: 4537:

Capela da Senhora do Engaranho/Capela da Senhora das Necessidades/Santuário da Senhora do Engaranho

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domain (1160). Owing to its geographic location (on Portugal's northern frontier with Spain), King

558:

Rome's hegemony lasted until the 3rd century, when, successively, the proto-Germanic tribes of the

493: 357: 2049:, while plots of vegetables are also commonplace in the local market. The main canal begins near 825: 692: 5462: 4098: 2273:

The former residence of the Majorat of Vilar de Perdizes, now the municipal palace/hall of Chaves

833: 712: 621: 5467:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico 4706:(1898-1992) member of the Portuguese Navy and a political and colonial administrator during the 4692:, 1921), a lawyer and politician, assassinated as Minister of the Interior, during the infamous 4608: 4603: 1043:

Climate data for Chaves, elevation: 360 m or 1,180 ft, 1971–2000 normals and extremes

4828: 4786: 4774: 4707: 2408: 1994: 624:. Battles between the Christians and Muslim forces then continued until the 11th century, when 443: 214: 110:

River, the typical balconies, the keep, one of the central gardens and one of the two churches.

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Escola Primária de Vilela do Tâmega/Centro de Convívio e Lavandaria Social de Vilela do Tâmega

2249:

Gravuras rupestres de Outeiro Machado/Estação rupestre de Outeiro Machado/Outeiro dos Machados

4754: 1005: 755: 732: 688: 652: 605: 431: 328: 233: 77: 3299: 2657:

Hospital da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Chaves/Lar da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Chaves

684: 660: 95: 70: 5677: 4758: 3159: 2093: 2061: 1943: 1027:

serve as a climatic barrier and lessen rainfall closer to the interior. Places such as the

845: 837: 821: 708: 633: 439: 338: 4903: 4881: 4802: 625: 8: 5682: 4667: 4532: 4522: 4503: 4496: 4480: 4469: 4458: 4447: 4436: 4425: 4414: 4403: 4392: 4381: 4370: 4359: 4348: 4337: 4326: 4315: 4304: 4293: 4282: 4271: 4260: 4249: 4238: 4230: 4219: 4208: 4197: 4183: 4172: 4161: 4150: 4139: 4128: 4117: 4106: 4090: 4079: 4068: 4057: 4046: 4035: 4024: 4013: 4002: 3991: 3980: 3969: 3958: 3939: 3912: 3901: 3890: 3879: 3868: 3857: 3846: 3835: 3824: 3813: 3802: 3791: 3780: 3769: 3758: 3747: 3736: 3725: 3714: 3703: 3692: 3681: 3670: 3659: 3648: 3637: 3626: 3615: 3604: 3593: 3582: 3571: 3560: 3549: 3538: 3527: 3516: 3505: 3494: 3483: 3472: 3461: 3450: 3439: 3428: 3417: 3406: 3395: 3384: 3373: 3362: 3351: 3340: 3266: 3251: 3237: 3223: 3209: 3195: 3173: 3142: 3131: 3120: 3109: 3098: 3087: 3076: 3065: 3054: 3043: 3032: 3021: 3010: 2999: 2988: 2977: 2966: 2955: 2944: 2933: 2922: 2911: 2900: 2889: 2878: 2867: 2856: 2839: 2828: 2817: 2806: 2795: 2781: 2770: 2759: 2748: 2737: 2726: 2715: 2704: 2693: 2682: 2675: 2663: 2652: 2641: 2630: 2619: 2608: 2597: 2586: 2575: 2564: 2553: 2542: 2531: 2520: 2509: 2498: 2487: 2476: 2465: 2454: 2443: 2412: 2398: 2387: 2376: 2365: 2354: 2343: 2332: 2321: 2310: 2299: 2288: 2244: 2233: 2222: 2211: 2200: 2189: 2178: 2167: 2156: 2145: 1616: 950: 774: 641: 410: 384: 5418:, was one of the four schools of surgery in the country, lasting until the last century. 4778: 4492: 3924: 1997:

supported the reconstruction of the castle. By 1258, Chaves was granted the status of a

5606: 5574: 4765:, and his refusal to swear public loyalty to the President of the Council of Ministers 3228:

Castelo de Monforte/Castelo de Monforte de Rio Livre/Castelo e cerca urbana de Monforte

2050: 724: 680: 668: 238: 5390: 2269: 637: 5551: 5544: 5528: 4762: 4735: 4488: 3304: 3185: 3184:

since 22 March 1938, the 14th century castle was constructed in the reign of King D.

2764:

Solar dos Viscondes do Rosário/Solar do Conde de Penamacor/Hotel Rural de Casas Novas

2030: 1915: 788:, confronted government forces, commanded by Colonel Ribeiro de Carvalho, during the 728: 716: 645: 5050:

Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)

4685: 4856: 4766: 4743: 3331: 3169: 2905:

Escola Primária de Faiões/Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo e Jardim de Infância de Faiões

864: 860: 704: 487: 5652: 4844: 2439:, identifiable by columns, that identify the bridge and its dedication to Emperor; 1958: 808: 88: 5657: 5637: 5565: 5508: 5047: 4939: 4894: 4632: 4515: 2089: 985: 977: 973: 882: 817: 742: 537: 123: 4581:

António Joaquim Granjo, (77th and 82nd) Prime Minister, assassinated during the

2428: 2013: 877:, mainly in the southern part of the urbanized area of Chaves and south-east of 525: 498: 107: 5497: 4643: 4556: 3928: 2432: 2419:), a symbol of Chaves, the bridge was constructed during the reign of Emperors 2107: 1020: 929: 785: 746: 540: 517: 478: 4810: 841: 226: 5697: 5290: 5142:"Between Frumar and Rechimund arose a dissension of the power of the kingdom" 5123:

Discovered in 2006, the archeological remnants were found and removed to the

5040: 4947: 4730: 4511: 2119: 2118:

The town of Chaves is built upon a long military history, that includes many

1935: 958: 720: 548: 472: 453: 174: 161: 5632: 2960:

Escola Primária de Santo Estêvão/Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo de Santo Estêvão

2265:

The emblematic symbol of Chaves, the historic Roman bridge of Emperor Trajan

1000:

An example of the winter climate in Chaves, in the shadow of the Castle Keep

4832: 4818: 4647: 4589: 4552: 4202:

Igreja Paroquial de Cimo de Vila de Castanheira/Igreja de São João Baptista

3950:

that depicted biblical scenes, while the wooden ceiling has a scene of the

2110:, a small, single runway airport for light aircraft, also serves the town. 889:

period ( between 488.3±1.7 to 443.7±1.5 million years ago), is composed of

859:

aligned on a north-northeast to south-southwest orientation bounded by the

795:

On 12 March 1929, the town of Chaves was elevated to the category of city.

521: 447: 379: 5093: 4897:(born 1972) a Canadian former soccer player with 395 club caps and 13 for 3884:

Igreja Paroquial de Paradela de Monforte/Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Neves

1981:

The walled city was at the forefront of the political turmoils during the

1623:), while locally the municipality is divided into the following parishes ( 784:

On 8 July 1912, forces loyal to the former monarchy, under the command of

676: 324: 5493:, Vila Real, Portugal: Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) 4836: 4711: 4485:

Capela de Nossa Senhora Aparecida/Santuário de Nossa Senhora da Aparecida

4474:

Capela do Côto/Capela de Nossa Senhora da Saúde/Santuário do Alto do Côto

3136:

Escola Comercial e Industrial de Chaves/Escola Secundária Dr. Júlio Dinis

2883:

Escola Primária de Casas dos Montes/Jardim de Infância de Casa dos Montes

1982: 1927: 547:. Its benefactor consequently influenced its toponymy, becoming known as 513: 504: 5672: 4658:(1849–1911) an Army officer, colonial administrator and governor of the 4188:

Igreja Paroquial de Loivos/Igreja de Santa Bárbara/Igreja de São Geraldo

3895:

Igreja Paroquial de Vila Verde da Raia/Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Neves

3796:

Igreja Paroquial de Vilela do Tâmega/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Assunção

648:, ordered the construction of a castle to protect the kingdom's border. 106:

From top left to right: The Câmara Municipal de Chaves (City Hall), the

5642: 4952: 4860: 4747: 3291: 2101: 1986: 1931: 1032: 898: 886: 852: 687:

seized Chaves, which remained in Leonese hands until the reign of King

345: 4577: 3818:

Igreja Paroquial de Lama de Arcos/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição

2304:

Edifício da Adega Cooperativa de Chaves/Cooperativa Agrícola de Chaves

2261: 2100:

Between 1921 and 1990 Chaves was the northern terminus station of the

2080:

It is serviced by A24 motorway, which links Chaves with the south, to

5445: 5441: 4518: 3862:

Igreja Paroquial de São Vicente/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Natividade

3310: 2420: 2012:

On 15 November 2009 an extensive green space on the east side of the

2006: 914: 906: 894: 867: 571: 563: 552: 544: 529: 468: 319: 245: 5041:

Uma população que se urbaniza, uma avaliação recente - Cidades, 2004

4166:

Igreja Paroquial de Vilarinho de Paranheiras/Igreja de São Francisco

816:

Chaves is in the extreme north of Portugal, bounded on the north by

5437: 5194:(2022 ed.). Biblioteca Digital de Castilla y León. p. 405 5169:(2022 ed.). Biblioteca Digital de Castilla y León. p. 357 3906:

Igreja Paroquial de Santa Cruz e Trindade/Igreja da Sagrada Família

2861:

Escola Conde Ferreira de Chaves/Centro Social e Paroquial de Chaves

2123: 2034: 920: 902: 871: 766: 427: 423: 202: 5647: 5617: 3262:, and saw service during the Napoleonic Invasion and Liberal Wars; 2971:

Escola Primária de São Lourenço/Jardim de Infância de São Lourenço

969: 435: 16:"Church of Santa Maria Maior" redirects here. For other uses, see 5662: 5622: 4540: 4213:

Igreja Paroquial de São Julião de Montenegro/Igreja de São Julião

3947: 3946:), while the interior was covered in 18th century blue-and-white 3931: 3920: 3287:

The Romanesque facade of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Azinheira

2085: 2065: 2053:

and crosses the valley on the right bank of the Tâmega as far as

964: 934: 910: 870:

formations. Mixed with the schistose complex, there are bands of

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is a Portuguese former footballer with 410 club caps and 11 for

3840:

Igreja Paroquial de Mairos/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Expectação

3178:

Castelo de Chaves e restos da fortificação abaluartada na cidade

2894:

Escola Primária de Casas Novas/Centro de Convívio de Casas Novas

2674:, this 18th-century building was built during the reign of King 446:, is 60 km south on the A24 motorway). With origins in the 4898: 4739: 4689: 3851:

Igreja Paroquial de Roriz/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Expectação

3829:

Igreja Paroquial de Vidago/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição

2775:

Casa do Morgado de Vilar de Perdizes/Câmara Municipal de Chaves

2424: 2069: 2054: 1990: 1923: 1615:

Government is administered by the Municipal Chamber of Chaves (

996: 981: 890: 856: 656: 617: 575: 464: 4912:(born 1980) a retired footballer with 361 club caps and 3 for 4144:

Igreja Paroquial de Póvoa de Agrações/Igreja de São Bartolomeu

3996:

Igreja Paroquial de Soutelinho da Raia/Igreja de Santo António

3070:

Casa na Rua do Abade de Baçal/Casa Onde Viveu o Abade de Baçal

148: 5267: 5265: 4612: 4235:

Igreja Paroquial de Nogueira da Montanha/Igreja de São Miguel

3785:

Igreja Paroquial de Eiras/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Assunção

3774:

Igreja Paroquial de Vilar de Nantes/Igreja do Divino Salvador

2436: 2315:

Escola Agrícola, de Artes e Ofícios/Escola Agrícola de Chaves

2081: 2038: 1947: 874: 672: 613: 609: 567: 559: 4607:, fighting local native tribes, and founding the village of 2205:

Povoado fortificado de Santiago do Monte/Crastas de Santiago

1762: 679:, where they defeated Portuguese forces, before retiring to 4794: 4040:

Igreja Paroquial de Santa Leocádia/Igreja de Santa Leocádia

3917:

Igreja e Provedoria da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Chaves

2005:). While the walls were eventually rebuilt, the advent of 570:

colonized the imperial settlements of Chaves. Wars between

483: 5262: 4980: 3873:

Igreja Paroquial de Cela/Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Neves

3330:(which for three centuries was resting place of the first 4710:. Minister of the Navy from 1958 to 1968 and created the 4491:, when three shepherd children (similar to the events in 4287:

Igreja Paroquial de Vilarelho da Raia/Igreja de São Tiago

4018:

Igreja Paroquial de Santo Estêvão/Igreja de Santo Estêvão

3730:

Passos da Via Sacra de Chaves/Capela do Senhor dos Passos

2183:

Povoado fortificado de Loivos/Povoado fortificado Muradal

2046: 2042: 520:, show a human presence in the Alto Tâmega dating to the 5604: 5546:

Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire

3422:

Capela de Nossa Senhora do Loreto/Capela de Santa Cabeça

2029:. Since the land can be irrigated with canals there is 5191:

PRIMERA CRÓNICA GENERAL. ESTORIA DE ESPAÑA DE ALFONSO X

5166:

PRIMERA CRÓNICA GENERAL. ESTORIA DE ESPAÑA DE ALFONSO X

4122:

Igreja Paroquial de Vila de Frade/Igreja de Santa Marta

3934:

and mythological sculptures, surmounted by an image of

957:) were known since the Roman period, when the town was 765:, which followed the Battle of Ruivães and which ended 741:

French forces invaded and attacked in 1807, during the

394: 4640:

Agostinho de Sousa Pinto de Barros Cachapuz, (PT Wiki)

4155:

Igreja Paroquial de Travancas/Igreja de São Bartolomeu

4095:

Igreja Paroquial de Chaves/Igreja de Santa Maria Maior

5550:, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2064:, located thirty kilometres south, this is a land of 1734:

Vidago, Arcossó, Selhariz e Vilarinho das Paranheiras

700:, would be able to enjoy her properties in Portugal. 4929: 4177:

Igreja Paroquial de Vilas Boas/Igreja de São Gonçalo

2448:

Edifício da Caixa Geral de Depósitos, CGD, de Chaves

1946:

the highway also connects with the A7 that leads to

909:

and schists were formed, metamorphosed by Hercynian

655:, when the king continued to provoke the ire of the 5370:"Monthly Averages for Chaves, Portugal (1971–2000)" 5017:"Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país" 4906:(born 1977) a retired footballer with 351 club caps 4309:

Igreja Paroquial de Redondelo/Igreja de São Vicente

4265:

Igreja Paroquial de Seara Velha/Igreja de São Tiago

4243:

Igreja Paroquial de Águas Frias/Igreja de São Pedro

4224:

Igreja Paroquial de Ervededo/Igreja de São Martinho

5543: 5506: 5237: 5235: 5225: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5209: 4921:(born 1983) a footballer with about 350 club caps. 4805:(1917– 2008), a surgeon and director of the 4320:Convento de São Francisco/Pousada de São Francisco 4073:Igreja Paroquial de Moreiras/Igreja de Santa Maria 4051:Igreja Paroquial de Santa Luzia / Capela Espanhola 4029:Igreja Paroquial de Anelhe/Igreja de Santa Eulália 4007:Igreja Paroquial de Sanjurge/Igreja de Santa Clara 3974:Igreja Paroquial de Oucidres/Igreja de Santo André 4793:against the Colonial Wars, and imprisoned by the 4650:, decorated for his defence of legitimist ideals; 4084:Igreja Paroquial de Soutelo/Igreja de Santa Maria 3963:Igreja Paroquial da Curalha/Igreja de Santo André 840:. Chaves is one of the six municipalities of the 5695: 4761:), known for his brokered military agreement in 4621:Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, 1st Count of Linhares 4111:Igreja Paroquial de Calvão/Igreja de Santa Maria 4062:Igreja Paroquial de Calvão/Igreja de Santa Maria 3114:Casa em Vilar de Nantes com Pinturas no Interior 2227:Santuário Rupestre de Bustelo/Fraga das Passadas 5719:Populated places established in the 1st century 5516:, Cambridge, England: Elsevier, pp. 85–102 5385: 5232: 5220: 5206: 4977:that promotes cultural products from the region 4967:- Official website of the thermal spa of Chaves 4847:(born 1947) a prelate of the Catholic Church, 4809:; promoted a modern thermal park system in the 731:, thus laying the seeds for his triumph at the 719:resulted in the rebellion by the Master of the 5187: 5162: 4508:Capela de São Caetano/Santuário de São Caetano 4298:Igreja Paroquial de Arcossó/Igreja de São Tomé 4276:Igreja Paroquial de Tronco/Igreja de São Tiago 3471:Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Sanjurg( 2624:Fonte de Mergulho de Santo António de Monforte 2243:Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Outeiro Machado ( 820:(Spain), on the east by the municipalities of 812:Chaves is sheltered by mountains on both sides 5590: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 4851:from 2006 to 2022, became a cardinal in 2018. 4674:. He became Prime Minister in 1921 after the 2943:Primary School of Santo António de Monforte ( 2800:Estádio Municipal Eng. Manuel Branco Teixeira 2792:Municipal Stadium Eng. Manuel Branco Teixeira 2651:Hospital of the Santa Casa da Misericóridia ( 2481:Edifício da Administração Florestal de Chaves 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 2998:Primary School of Vilarinho de Paranheiros ( 2949:Escola Primária de Santo António de Monforte 497:Roman bridge of Emperor Trajan crossing the 5570:, vol. 2, London, England: John Murray 4863:activist, killed when French intelligence ( 4419:Cruzeiro do Senhor da Piedade, em Castelões 4133:Igreja Paroquial de Oura/Igreja de Santiago 3004:Escola Primária de Vilarinho de Paranheiros 2731:Solar no Largo do Eirão/Solar dos Braganças 2122:or vestiges of battlements. Apart from the 1689:Planalto de Monforte (Oucidres e Borbadela) 1016:) with continental and oceanic influences. 5597: 5583: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 4670:(1857–1943) a military officer during the 3911:Church of the Santa Casa da Misericórida ( 2668:Hospital Real e Igreja de São João de Deus 2431:and connect the Roman provincial towns of 5456: 5454: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5053: 4642:(1786–1864), an officer during the 4479:Sanctuary of Nossa Senhora da Aparecida ( 4457:Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( 3954:, painted by Jerónimo Rocha Braga (1743). 3214:Castelo do Mau Vizinho/Castelo dos Mouros 2607:Fountain of Quinta de Humberto Teixeira ( 2492:Estação Fronteiriça de Vila Verde da Raia 832:and on the west by the municipalities of 632:in the community. It was in the reign of 545:Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus 469:Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus 5541: 5524:History of Portugal: Pamphlet Collection 4859:(1950–1985), freelance photographer and 4588: 4576: 4568: 4254:Igreja Paroquial de São Pedro de Sanfins 3845:Church of Nossa Senhora da Expectações ( 3834:Church of Nossa Senhora da Expectações ( 3317: 3309: 3298: 3290: 3282: 3188:, but today only the keep tower remains; 3158: 2758:Manorhouse of the Viscounts of Rosário ( 2486:Frontier Station of Vila Verde da Raia ( 2276: 2268: 2260: 1957: 995: 919: 807: 536:in 79 AD, during the reign of the first 503: 492: 477: 463: 5563: 5416:School of Anatomy and Surgery of Chaves 5322: 4704:Fernando de Quintanilha e Mendonça Dias 4547:there are smaller chapels dedicated to 3856:Church of Nossa Senhora da Natividade ( 3394:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Encarnação ( 3081:Casa e Capela da família Bastos em Oura 2618:Fountain of Santo António de Monforte ( 727:), who would garner the support of the 285:591.23 km (228.28 sq mi) 5696: 5451: 5306: 4623:(1755–1812) a nobleman and politician. 4487:), constructed on the site of an 1833 3823:Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( 3812:Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( 3801:Church of Nossa Senhora da Azinheira ( 3372:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( 2855:Primary School Count Ferreira Chaves ( 2221:Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Bustelo ( 2172:Povoado fortificado da Curalha/Castelo 1789: 1650:Eiras, São Julião de Montenegro e Cela 828:, on the south by the municipality of 711:, as she was heir presumptive to King 600:The area around Chaves surrendered to 5578: 5460: 4813:region, that includes the Chaves spa; 3790:Church of Nossa Senhora da Assunção ( 3779:Church of Nossa Senhora da Assunção ( 3400:Capela de Nossa Senhora da Encarnação 803: 683:with their spoils. At the same time, 586:at the beginning of the 8th century. 409: 5714:Municipalities of Vila Real District 5488: 5414:The military hospital, known as the 5391:"Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 38-40" 5362: 4755:President of the Portuguese Republic 4452:Cruzeiro do Cemitério de Vilela Seca 4364:Cruzeiro de Nossa Senhora da Piedade 3807:Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Azinheira 3460:Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Rosário ( 3438:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Piedade ( 3378:Capela de Nossa Senhora da Conceição 3361:Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Brotas ( 3009:Primary School of Vilela do Tâmega ( 2877:Primary School of Casas dos Montes ( 2613:Fonte da Quinta de Humberto Teixeira 2298:Agricultural Cooperative of Chaves ( 2232:Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Eiras ( 771:Santuário da Nossa Senhora Aparecida 250: 5520: 5461:Dinis, António (2005), SIPA (ed.), 4564: 4358:Cross of Nossa Senhora da Piedade ( 3923:church, was the main chapel of the 3889:Church of Nossa Senhora das Neves ( 3878:Church of Nossa Senhora das Neves ( 3867:Church of Nossa Senhora das Neves ( 3713:Chapel of Senhor dos Desamparados ( 3449:Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Pópulo ( 3416:Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Loreto ( 3383:Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Dores ( 3125:Termas Medicinais Romanas de Chaves 2987:Primary School of Vilar de Nantes ( 2844:Pelourinho de Monforte de Rio Livre 2536:Fonte de Mergulho no Lugar do Couto 2464:Estate of Macieira em Casas Novas ( 2287:Agrarian School of Alves Teixeira ( 707:, the nobility of Chaves supported 13: 5009: 4998: 4599:João Gonçalves da Costa, (PT Wiki) 3664:Capela do Olmo/Capela de São Simão 3488:Capela de Tariz/Capela de Pai Mogo 3477:Capela de Nossa Senhora do Rosário 3466:Capela de Nossa Senhora do Rosário 3444:Capela de Nossa Senhora da Piedade 3427:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Penha ( 3367:Capela de Nossa Senhora das Brotas 3130:Secondary School Dr. Júlio Dinis ( 2993:Escola Primária de Vilar de Nantes 1784: 1610: 940: 18:Santa Maria Maior (disambiguation) 14: 5730: 5567:The History of the Peninsular War 5005:Instituto Nacional de Estatística 4958: 4529:Sanctuary of Senhora de Engaranho 3719:Capela do Senhor dos Desamparados 3691:Chapel of Senhor do Bom Caminho ( 3455:Capela de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo 3405:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Lapa ( 3389:Capela de Nossa Senhora das Dores 2921:Primary School of Outeiro Jusão ( 2805:Palace of the Dukes of Braganza ( 2475:Forest Administration of Chaves ( 2470:Quinta da Macieira em Casas Novas 2381:Ponte das Caldas/Ponte do Ribelas 2075: 4932: 4248:Church of São Pedro de Sanfins ( 3433:Capela de Nossa Senhora da Penha 2965:Primary School of São Lourenço ( 2932:Primary School of Outeiro Seco ( 2927:Escola Primária de Outeiro Jusão 2866:Primary School of Águas Ferias ( 430:. It is 10 km south of the 195: 147: 132: 122: 94: 87: 76: 69: 58: 51: 5430: 5421: 5408: 5379: 5353: 5344: 5297: 5274: 5253: 5244: 5181: 4331:Cruzeiro com Alminhas em Calvão 3900:Church of the Sagrada Família ( 3768:Church of the Divino Salvador ( 3735:Chapel of Senhora de Livração ( 3697:Capela do Senhor do Bom Caminho 3411:Capela de Nossa Senhora da Lapa 3322:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Lapa 3220:Castle of Monforte de Rio Livre 2954:Primary School of São Estêvão ( 2938:Escola Primária de Outeiro Seco 2888:Primary School of Casas Novas ( 2780:Municipal Council of Ervededo ( 2596:Fountain of Povo de Castelões ( 2514:Fonte Velha em Casas dos Montes 2309:Agricultural School of Chaves ( 2150:Pedra Bulideira/Pedra Bolideira 2126:castle and 17th century forts ( 2113: 1758: 851:The region is dominated by the 640:and firmly integrated into the 23:Municipality in Norte, Portugal 5448:later destroyed the structure. 5188:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1906). 5163:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1906). 5156: 5147: 5134: 5117: 5108: 5034: 4775:Gentil de Valadares, (PT Wiki) 4430:Cruzeiro da Senhora da Portela 3746:Chapel of Senhora de Portela ( 3702:Chapel of Senhor do Calvário ( 3680:Chapel of Senhor dos Aflitos ( 3108:Residence of Vilar de Nantes ( 2747:Manorhouse of the Montalvões ( 2662:Hospital of São João de Deus ( 2525:Fonte de Mergulho de Castelões 2188:Castro of Outeiro dos Mouros ( 2137: 2072:, belong to the municipality. 1699:Santa Cruz-Trindade e Sanjurge 913:intrusions, at the end of the 779:Sanctuary of Our Lady Revealed 1: 5510:Journal of Applied Geophysics 5153:Robert Southey (1827), p. 172 4986: 4869:sank the Rainbow Warrior ship 4831:painter, formally trained in 4573:Ignácio Luis Madeira de Melo) 4441:Cruzeiro Alpendrado em Vidago 4424:Cross of Senhora da Portela ( 4413:Cross of Senhora da Piedade ( 4089:Church of Santa Maria Maior ( 3936:Nossa Senhora da Misericórdia 3763:Igreja Paroquial de Castelões 3741:Capela da Senhora da Livração 3724:Chapel of Senhor dos Passos ( 3592:Chapel of São João Baptista ( 3119:Roman Thermal Spa of Chaves ( 3097:Residence of Quinta da Mata ( 3064:Residence of Abade de Baçal ( 3059:Estação Ferroviária do Vidago 3048:Estação Ferroviária de Tâmega 3037:Estação Ferroviária de Chaves 2769:Municipal Council of Chaves ( 2725:Manorhouse of the Braganzas ( 2508:Fountain of Casa dos Montes ( 2199:Castro of Santiago do Monte ( 2194:Povoado do Outeiro dos Mouros 1442:Average rainfall mm (inches) 5375:. Instituto de Meteorologia. 5282:Avenida Defensores de Chaves 5271:Robert Southey (1827), p.174 5250:Robert Southey (1827), p.173 5129:Museum of the Flavian Region 4781:2006), a poet, known as the 4604:Sertão da Ressaca, (PT Wiki) 4510:), constructed in honour of 3752:Capela da Senhora da Portela 3708:Capela do Senhor do Calvário 3686:Capela do Senhor dos Aflitos 3278: 2976:Primary School of Selhariz ( 2736:Manorhouse of the Machados ( 2497:Fountain of Águas da Facha ( 855:Chaves sedimentary basin, a 798: 620:, and repopulated in 868 by 7: 4925: 4882:Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto 4629:Inácio Luís Madeira de Melo 4468:Sanctuary of Alto do Coto ( 4194:Church of São João Baptista 3598:Capela de São João Baptista 3154: 3086:Residence of Meio do Povo ( 3053:Railway Station of Vidago ( 3042:Railway Station of Tâmega ( 3031:Railway Station of Chaves ( 3026:Ponte Ferroviária do Tâmega 2982:Escola Primária de Selhariz 2709:Marcos do Couto de Ervededo 2692:Kiln of Povo de Castelões ( 2629:Fountain of Santa Marinha ( 2238:Santuário Rupestre de Eiras 2210:Castro of Vale de Lagares ( 1644:Cimo de Vila da Castanheira 1641:Calvão e Soutelinho da Raia 1512:Average precipitation days 1302:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1162:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 790:second monarchist incursion 10: 5735: 5500:Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 5482: 5341:Santos et al. (1997), p.88 5319:Santos et al. (1997), p.87 4973:- Official website of the 4835:, became a pioneer in the 4660:colony of Portuguese Timor 4502:Sanctuary of São Caetano ( 4353:Cruzeiro do Lugar do Couto 4314:Convent of São Francisco ( 4149:Church of São Bartolomeu ( 4138:Church of São Bartolomeu ( 4034:Church of Santa Leocádia ( 3570:Chapel of São Bernardino ( 3548:Chapel of São Bartolomeu ( 3493:Chapel of Santa Catarina ( 3339:Chapel of Espírito Santo ( 3260:Portuguese Restoration War 3020:Railway Bridge of Tâmega ( 2910:Primary School of Loivos ( 2899:Primary School of Faiões ( 2698:Forno do Povo de Castelões 2602:Forno do Povo de Castelões 2442:Caixa Geral de Depósitos ( 2019: 1662:Loivos e Póvoa de Agrações 1621:Câmara Municipal de Chaves 1599: 1042: 1029:Peneda-Gerês National Park 1019:The mountains between the 991: 761:On 20 September 1837, the 758:, Silveira retook Chaves. 459: 293:371 m (1,217 ft) 15: 5613: 5128: 5125:Museu da Região Flaviense 4803:Mário Carneiro, (PT Wiki) 4672:Portuguese First Republic 4408:Cruzeiro de São Sebastião 4347:Cross of Lugar do Couto ( 4160:Church of São Francisco ( 4023:Church of Santa Eulália ( 4012:Church of Santo Estêvão ( 3990:Church of Santo António ( 3979:Church of Santo António ( 3647:Chapel of São Sebastião ( 3526:Chapel of Santo António ( 3504:Chapel of Santa Marinha ( 3147:Moinho de Água da Curalha 2916:Escola Primária de Loivos 2720:Solar dos Azeredo em Oura 2281:Railway Station of Chaves 2155:Castro of Alto do Vamba ( 1802:— 1709:Santo António de Monforte 1602:Instituto de Meteorologia 1555: 1511: 1441: 1371: 1301: 1231: 1161: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 881:. To the north, and into 594: 407:Portuguese pronunciation: 390: 385:Nossa Senhora da Livração 378: 368: 356: 335: 318: 310: 302: 297: 289: 281: 276: 261: 256: 244: 232: 220: 208: 190: 155: 146: 118: 44: 35: 28: 5668:Santa Marta de Penaguião 5564:Southey, Robert (1827), 5542:Thompson, E. A. (1982), 5046:October 6, 2014, at the 4991: 4875: 4829:geometric abstractionist 4720:Francisco da Costa Gomes 4402:Cross of São Sebastião ( 4375:Cruzeiro em Outeiro Seco 4237:)* Church of São Pedro ( 4218:Church of São Martinho ( 3603:Chapel of São Martinho ( 3576:Capela de São Bernardino 3554:Capela de São Bartolomeu 3499:Capela de Santa Catarina 3345:Capela do Espírito Santo 3242:Castelo de Santo Estêvão 2681:Hotel-Palace of Vidago ( 2640:Fountain of Vila Frade ( 2503:Fonte das Águas da Facha 2453:Cine-Theatre of Chaves ( 2256: 2161:Povoado do Alto do Vamba 482:Remnants of the ancient 434:and 22 km south of 4981:Grupo Desportivo Chaves 4867:) detonated a bomb and 4849:Bishop of Leiria-Fátima 4656:José Celestino da Silva 4545:Our Lady of Necessities 4369:Cross of Outeiro Seco ( 4303:Church of São Vicente ( 4182:Church of São Geraldo ( 4171:Church of São Gonçalo ( 4116:Church of Santa Marta ( 4105:Church of Santa Marta ( 4078:Church of Santa Maria ( 4067:Church of Santa Maria ( 4056:Church of Santa Maria ( 4045:Church of Santa Luzia ( 4001:Church of Santa Clara ( 3968:Church of Santo André ( 3957:Church of Santo André ( 3653:Capela de São Sebastião 3625:Chapel of São Nicolau ( 3581:Chapel of São Geraldo ( 3532:Capela de Santo António 3515:Chapel of Santa Marta ( 3510:Capela de Santa Marinha 3328:Church of São Francisco 3326:In addition to the old 3234:Castle of Santo Estêvão 3141:Watermills of Curalha ( 2852:Pombal de Vila de Frade 2714:Manorhouse of Azeredo ( 2646:Fontes de Vila de Frade 2519:Fountain of Castelões ( 1953: 786:Henrique Paiva Couceiro 636:that it was taken from 622:Alfonso III of Asturias 602:invading Islamic forces 442:(the district capital, 5090:"História do Concelho" 4763:Portuguese West Africa 4757:(the second after the 4594: 4586: 4574: 4559:, and religious cross. 4536: 4507: 4484: 4473: 4462: 4451: 4446:Cross of Vilela Seca ( 4440: 4429: 4418: 4407: 4396: 4385: 4374: 4363: 4352: 4341: 4330: 4319: 4308: 4297: 4286: 4275: 4264: 4253: 4242: 4234: 4229:Church of São Miguel ( 4223: 4212: 4207:Church of São Julião ( 4201: 4187: 4176: 4165: 4154: 4143: 4132: 4121: 4110: 4094: 4083: 4072: 4061: 4050: 4039: 4028: 4017: 4006: 3995: 3984: 3973: 3962: 3943: 3916: 3905: 3894: 3883: 3872: 3861: 3850: 3839: 3828: 3817: 3806: 3795: 3784: 3773: 3762: 3751: 3740: 3729: 3718: 3707: 3696: 3685: 3674: 3663: 3652: 3641: 3630: 3619: 3614:Chapel of São Miguel ( 3609:Capela de São Martinho 3608: 3597: 3586: 3575: 3564: 3553: 3542: 3531: 3520: 3509: 3498: 3487: 3476: 3465: 3454: 3443: 3432: 3421: 3410: 3399: 3388: 3377: 3366: 3355: 3344: 3323: 3315: 3307: 3296: 3288: 3270: 3256:Forte de São Francisco 3255: 3241: 3227: 3213: 3199: 3177: 3164: 3146: 3135: 3124: 3113: 3103:Casa da Quinta da Mata 3102: 3091: 3080: 3069: 3058: 3047: 3036: 3025: 3014: 3003: 2992: 2981: 2970: 2959: 2948: 2937: 2926: 2915: 2904: 2893: 2882: 2871: 2860: 2843: 2833:Pelourinho de Ervededo 2832: 2821: 2810: 2799: 2785: 2774: 2763: 2752: 2741: 2730: 2719: 2708: 2697: 2687:Hotel Palace em Vidago 2686: 2667: 2656: 2645: 2635:Fonte de Santa Marinha 2634: 2623: 2612: 2601: 2591:Fonte do Largo do Olmo 2590: 2580:Fonte e Tanque da Mina 2579: 2568: 2563:Fountain of Lagoinha ( 2557: 2546: 2541:Fountain of Cruzeiro ( 2535: 2524: 2513: 2502: 2491: 2480: 2469: 2458: 2447: 2416: 2402: 2391: 2380: 2369: 2358: 2347: 2336: 2325: 2314: 2303: 2292: 2282: 2274: 2266: 2248: 2237: 2226: 2215: 2204: 2193: 2182: 2171: 2160: 2149: 2128:Forte de São Francisco 1963: 1620: 1001: 954: 925: 813: 778: 705:Portuguese Interregnum 663:), possibly since the 509: 508:Cannon near the castle 501: 490: 475: 314:70/km (180/sq mi) 5286:Avenida Casal Ribeiro 4884:(born 1960) known as 4592: 4580: 4572: 4397:Cruzeiro de São Bento 4281:Church of São Tiago ( 4270:Church of São Tiago ( 4259:Church of São Tiago ( 3927:, that included four 3919:), this 17th-century 3757:Church of Castelões ( 3669:Chapel of São Tiago ( 3658:Chapel of São Simão ( 3636:Chapel of São Roque ( 3631:Capela de São Nicolau 3587:Capela de São Geraldo 3559:Chapel of São Bento ( 3521:Capela de Santa Marta 3350:Chapel of Granjinha ( 3321: 3313: 3302: 3294: 3286: 3248:Fort of São Francisco 3206:Castle of Mau Vizinho 3162: 3075:Residence of Bastos ( 2838:Pillory of Monforte ( 2827:Pillory of Erdevedo ( 2703:Markers of Ervededo ( 2670:), also known as the 2558:Fonte Nova da Curalha 2552:Fountain of Curalha ( 2459:Cine-Teatro de Chaves 2342:Bridge of Guilherme ( 2280: 2272: 2264: 1961: 1721:Soutelo e Seara Velha 1006:Mediterranean climate 999: 923: 897:deposits. During the 846:district of Vila Real 811: 756:First Battle of Porto 733:Battle of Aljubarrota 606:Alfonso I of Asturias 507: 496: 481: 467: 337: • Summer ( 5678:Vila Pouca de Aguiar 5359:Santos et al. (1995) 4789:regime for his work 4759:Carnation Revolution 4609:Vitória da Conquista 4585:, a native of Chaves 4391:Cross of São Bento ( 4386:Cruzeiro de Sanjurge 4292:Church of São Tomé ( 4127:Church of Santiago ( 4097:), the 12th century 3620:Capela de São Miguel 3537:Chapel of Santiago ( 3482:Chapel of Pai Mogo ( 3265:Fort of São Neutel ( 3092:Casa do Meio do Povo 2822:Pelourinho de Chaves 2753:Solar dos Montalvões 2397:Bridge of Santiago ( 2353:Bridge of Meirinho ( 2331:Bridge of Erdevedo ( 2094:Vila Pouca de Aguiar 2062:Vila Pouca de Aguiar 1975:Rua de Santo António 1944:Vila Pouca de Aguiar 1715:São Pedro de Agostém 1677:Nogueira da Montanha 1092:Record high °C (°F) 830:Vila Pouca de Aguiar 763:Convention of Chaves 709:Beatrice of Portugal 651:During the reign of 634:Afonso I of Portugal 395:http://www.chaves.pt 311: • Density 175:41.74056°N 7.47139°W 5387:Diário da República 4975:Confraria de Chaves 4971:Confraria de Chaves 4668:Manuel Maria Coelho 4523:Counter Reformation 4380:Cross of Sanjurge ( 3675:Capela de São Tiago 3642:Capela de São Roque 3565:Capela de São Bento 3356:Capela da Granjinha 3271:Forte de São Neutel 3200:Castelo de Ervededo 3180:), classified as a 2849:Poldrado da Curalha 2816:Pillory of Chaves ( 2530:Fountain of Couto ( 2177:Castro of Muradal ( 2166:Castro of Curalha ( 2132:Forte de São Neutel 1777: 1668:Madalena e Samaiões 1556:Average snowy days 1372:Record low °C (°F) 1232:Daily mean °C (°F) 905:geological periods 642:Kingdom of Portugal 553:gladiatorial combat 171: / 5709:Cities in Portugal 5607:Vila Real District 5605:Municipalities of 5502:, pp. 208–211 5489:UTAD, ed. (1992), 4611:, in the state of 4595: 4587: 4575: 3543:Capela de Santiago 3324: 3316: 3308: 3297: 3289: 3192:Castle of Ervededo 3182:Monumento Nacional 3165: 2742:Solar dos Machados 2672:Church of Madalena 2585:Fountain of Olmo ( 2574:Fountain of Mina ( 2375:Bridge of Ribela ( 2283: 2275: 2267: 2051:Vila Verde da Raia 1964: 1769: 1738:Vila Verde da Raia 1002: 926: 844:, situated in the 814: 804:Physical geography 751:Francisco Silveira 725:John I of Portugal 685:Alfonso IX of León 661:Alfonso IX of León 608:in 773, alongside 510: 502: 491: 476: 422:) is a city and a 303: • Total 282: • Total 180:41.74056; -7.47139 5691: 5690: 5521:CUP, ed. (1970). 5303:CUP (1970), p.452 5259:CUP (1970), p.400 5241:CUP (1970), p.179 5229:CUP (1970), p.122 5217:CUP (1970), p.117 4904:Vítor Castanheira 4826: 4733: 4727: 4489:Marian apparition 4435:Cross of Vidago ( 4342:Cruzeiro de Eiras 4325:Cross of Calvão ( 3944:Our Lady of Mercy 3925:Dukes of Bragança 3305:House of Braganza 2569:Fonte da Lagoinha 2547:Fonte do Cruzeiro 2403:Ponte de Santiago 2364:Bridge of Missa ( 2359:Ponte do Meirinho 2337:Ponte em Ervededo 2144:Bulideira Stone ( 2031:intensive farming 1916:Maastricht Treaty 1911: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1776: 1744:Vilarelho da Raia 1724:Travancas e Roriz 1706:Santa Maria Maior 1607: 1606: 949:The hot springs ( 729:Portuguese Cortes 717:John I of Castile 626:Alfonso V of León 400: 399: 222:Intermunic. comm. 113:Pelourinho Square 5726: 5704:Chaves, Portugal 5599: 5592: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5560: 5549: 5538: 5517: 5515: 5503: 5494: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5458: 5449: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5419: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5395: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5351: 5350:UTAD, ed. (1992) 5348: 5342: 5339: 5320: 5317: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5260: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5230: 5227: 5218: 5215: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5145: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5096:on 10 April 2011 5086: 5051: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5019:. Archived from 5013: 5007: 5002: 4965:Termas de Chaves 4942: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4857:Fernando Pereira 4822: 4807:Caldas de Chaves 4797:(secret police); 4767:Marcello Caetano 4744:military officer 4729: 4723: 4565:Notable citizens 4521:orator from the 4495:) witnessed the 4493:Fátima, Portugal 4336:Cross of Eiras ( 3332:Duke of Braganza 3170:Castle of Chaves 2417:Ponte de Trajano 2409:Bridge of Trajan 2386:Bridge of Oura ( 2320:Bridge of Arco ( 2092:, connecting to 1962:Chaves nightlife 1791: 1786: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1763: 1750:Vilela do Tâmega 1040: 1039: 861:Hercynian massif 596: 488:Castle of Chaves 426:in the north of 421: 420: 419: 413: 411:[ˈʃavɨʃ] 408: 342: 201: 199: 198: 186: 185: 183: 182: 181: 176: 172: 169: 168: 167: 164: 151: 136: 126: 98: 91: 80: 73: 62: 55: 26: 25: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5658:Ribeira de Pena 5638:Mondim de Basto 5609: 5603: 5558: 5535: 5527:. CUP Archive. 5513: 5485: 5480: 5479: 5470: 5468: 5459: 5452: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5413: 5409: 5399: 5397: 5396:(in Portuguese) 5393: 5384: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5323: 5318: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5233: 5228: 5221: 5216: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5139: 5135: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5054: 5048:Wayback Machine 5039: 5035: 5026: 5024: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4961: 4940:Portugal portal 4938: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4895:Fernando Aguiar 4878: 4698:(Bloody Night); 4695:Noite Sangrenta 4677:Noite Sangrenta 4644:Peninsular Wars 4633:Salvador, Bahia 4583:Noite Sangrenta 4567: 4562: 3281: 3276: 3157: 3152: 2437:Bracara Augusta 2348:Ponte Guilherme 2259: 2254: 2216:Vale de Lagares 2140: 2116: 2090:Figueira da Foz 2078: 2022: 1956: 1907: 1906: 1773: 1771: 1761: 1756: 1741:Vilar de Nantes 1613: 1611:Human geography 1608: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 994: 986:Pedras Salgadas 978:Pedras Salgadas 943: 941:Thermal springs 806: 801: 747:Peninsular Wars 743:Siege of Chaves 665:Bishop of Braga 566:as well as the 462: 415: 414: 406: 364: 336: 196: 194: 179: 177: 173: 170: 165: 162: 160: 158: 157: 142: 141: 140: 139: 130: 129: 114: 111: 104: 103: 102: 101: 100: 99: 92: 83: 82: 81: 74: 65: 64: 63: 56: 40: 31: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 5732: 5722: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5602: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5561: 5556: 5539: 5533: 5518: 5504: 5495: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5450: 5429: 5420: 5407: 5378: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5321: 5305: 5296: 5273: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5231: 5219: 5205: 5180: 5155: 5146: 5133: 5116: 5107: 5052: 5033: 5008: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4968: 4960: 4959:External links 4957: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4919:João Fernandes 4916: 4907: 4901: 4892: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4853: 4852: 4841: 4840: 4827:(1920–2013) a 4815: 4814: 4799: 4798: 4771: 4770: 4716: 4715: 4700: 4699: 4688:(1881 – 4686:António Granjo 4682: 4681: 4680:(Bloody Night) 4664: 4663: 4652: 4651: 4636: 4635: 4625: 4624: 4617: 4616: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4526: 4500: 4477: 4466: 4455: 4444: 4433: 4422: 4411: 4400: 4389: 4378: 4367: 4356: 4345: 4334: 4323: 4312: 4301: 4290: 4279: 4268: 4257: 4246: 4227: 4216: 4205: 4191: 4180: 4169: 4158: 4147: 4136: 4125: 4114: 4103: 4087: 4076: 4065: 4054: 4043: 4032: 4021: 4010: 3999: 3988: 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2136: 2120:fortifications 2115: 2112: 2108:Chaves Airport 2077: 2076:Transportation 2074: 2021: 2018: 1955: 1952: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1767: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703:Santa Leocádia 1701: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1025:Trás-os-Montes 993: 990: 942: 939: 930:Alpine orogeny 805: 802: 800: 797: 745:, part of the 691:, when he and 630:Jewish quarter 461: 458: 432:Spanish border 398: 397: 392: 388: 387: 382: 376: 375: 372: 366: 365: 362: 360: 354: 353: 343: 333: 332: 322: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 295: 294: 291: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 274: 273: 266: 259: 258: 254: 253: 248: 242: 241: 236: 230: 229: 224: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 192: 188: 187: 153: 152: 144: 143: 137: 131: 127: 121: 120: 119: 116: 115: 112: 105: 93: 86: 85: 84: 75: 68: 67: 66: 57: 50: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 42: 41: 36: 33: 32: 29: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5731: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5653:Peso da Régua 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5600: 5595: 5593: 5588: 5586: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5569: 5568: 5562: 5559: 5557:0-299-08700-X 5553: 5548: 5547: 5540: 5536: 5534:1-00-128780-0 5530: 5526: 5525: 5519: 5512: 5511: 5505: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5486: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5424: 5417: 5411: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5371: 5365: 5356: 5347: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5300: 5293: 5292: 5291:Campo Pequeno 5287: 5283: 5277: 5268: 5266: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5193: 5192: 5184: 5168: 5167: 5159: 5150: 5143: 5137: 5126: 5120: 5111: 5095: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5023:on 2018-11-05 5022: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4930: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4845:António Marto 4843: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4738:; 1914– 4737: 4732: 4726: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4584: 4579: 4571: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4512:Saint Cajetan 4509: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3320: 3312: 3306: 3301: 3293: 3285: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3161: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2392:Ponte de Oura 2389: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326:Ponte do Arco 2323: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2279: 2271: 2263: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1960: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1936:United States 1933: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1917: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775:(1801 - 2011) 1770:Population of 1765: 1764: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1712:Santo Estêvão 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1659:Lama de Arcos 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1004:Chaves has a 998: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 966: 960: 959:Aquae Flaviae 956: 952: 947: 938: 936: 931: 922: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 873: 869: 866: 862: 858: 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 810: 796: 793: 791: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 752: 748: 744: 739: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 721:Order of Aviz 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 699: 694: 693:Ferdinand III 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 592: 591:Aquae Calidae 587: 585: 581: 580:Aquae Flaviae 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 556: 554: 550: 549:Aquae Flaviae 546: 542: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 506: 500: 495: 489: 485: 480: 474: 473:Aquae Flaviae 470: 466: 457: 455: 452: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 418: 412: 404: 396: 393: 389: 386: 383: 381: 377: 373: 371: 367: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 344: 340: 334: 330: 326: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 271: 267: 265: 262: • 260: 255: 252: 251:41 (see text) 249: 247: 243: 240: 237: 235: 231: 228: 225: 223: 219: 216: 213: 211: 207: 204: 193: 189: 184: 156:Coordinates: 154: 150: 145: 135: 125: 117: 109: 97: 90: 79: 72: 61: 54: 43: 39: 34: 27: 19: 5627: 5566: 5545: 5523: 5509: 5499: 5490: 5469:, retrieved 5463: 5432: 5423: 5415: 5410: 5398:. Retrieved 5381: 5364: 5355: 5346: 5299: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5255: 5246: 5196:. Retrieved 5190: 5183: 5171:. Retrieved 5165: 5158: 5149: 5141: 5136: 5124: 5119: 5110: 5098:. Retrieved 5094:the original 5036: 5025:. Retrieved 5021:the original 5011: 5000: 4974: 4885: 4833:architecture 4819:Nadir Afonso 4806: 4790: 4783:poet traitor 4782: 4777:(1916– 4712:Hydrographic 4693: 4675: 4648:Liberal Wars 4602: 4593:Nadir Afonso 4582: 4557:St. Benedict 4544: 3935: 3327: 3325: 3181: 2671: 2429:Tâmega River 2427:to span the 2131: 2127: 2117: 2114:Architecture 2106: 2099: 2079: 2059: 2026: 2023: 2014:Tâmega River 2011: 2002: 1998: 1980: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1940: 1920: 1912: 1759:Demographics 1730:Vala de Anta 1683:Outeiro Seco 1624: 1614: 1018: 1013: 1003: 962: 948: 944: 927: 850: 815: 794: 783: 770: 760: 740: 737: 723:(later King 702: 650: 599: 590: 588: 557: 534:municipality 533: 526:Tâmega River 522:Chalcolithic 511: 499:Tâmega river 471:, patron of 424:municipality 402: 401: 138:Coat of arms 38:Municipality 5284:), between 4948:Aquæ Flaviæ 4837:Kinetic art 4811:Alto Tâmega 4787:Estado Novo 4785:during the 4708:Estado Novo 4549:St. Catejan 4497:Virgin Mary 2138:Prehistoric 1983:Reconquista 1971:Rua Direita 1928:Connecticut 1753:Vilela Seca 1718:São Vicente 1632:Águas Frias 1033:Cold fronts 1023:region and 865:metamorphic 842:Alto Tâmega 713:Ferdinand I 703:During the 514:Paleolithic 454:Aquæ Flaviæ 358:Postal code 227:Alto Tâmega 178: / 5698:Categories 5643:Montalegre 5633:Mesão Frio 5471:23 October 5127:(English: 5027:2018-11-05 4987:References 4953:Chaves IPR 4910:João Alves 4861:Greenpeace 4748:politician 4714:Institute. 4662:1894-1908. 4533:Portuguese 4504:Portuguese 4481:Portuguese 4470:Portuguese 4459:Portuguese 4448:Portuguese 4437:Portuguese 4426:Portuguese 4415:Portuguese 4404:Portuguese 4393:Portuguese 4382:Portuguese 4371:Portuguese 4360:Portuguese 4349:Portuguese 4338:Portuguese 4327:Portuguese 4316:Portuguese 4305:Portuguese 4294:Portuguese 4283:Portuguese 4272:Portuguese 4261:Portuguese 4250:Portuguese 4239:Portuguese 4231:Portuguese 4220:Portuguese 4209:Portuguese 4198:Portuguese 4184:Portuguese 4173:Portuguese 4162:Portuguese 4151:Portuguese 4140:Portuguese 4129:Portuguese 4118:Portuguese 4107:Portuguese 4099:Romanesque 4091:Portuguese 4080:Portuguese 4069:Portuguese 4058:Portuguese 4047:Portuguese 4036:Portuguese 4025:Portuguese 4014:Portuguese 4003:Portuguese 3992:Portuguese 3981:Portuguese 3970:Portuguese 3959:Portuguese 3952:Visitation 3940:Portuguese 3913:Portuguese 3902:Portuguese 3891:Portuguese 3880:Portuguese 3869:Portuguese 3858:Portuguese 3847:Portuguese 3836:Portuguese 3825:Portuguese 3814:Portuguese 3803:Portuguese 3792:Portuguese 3781:Portuguese 3770:Portuguese 3759:Portuguese 3748:Portuguese 3737:Portuguese 3726:Portuguese 3715:Portuguese 3704:Portuguese 3693:Portuguese 3682:Portuguese 3671:Portuguese 3660:Portuguese 3649:Portuguese 3638:Portuguese 3627:Portuguese 3616:Portuguese 3605:Portuguese 3594:Portuguese 3583:Portuguese 3572:Portuguese 3561:Portuguese 3550:Portuguese 3539:Portuguese 3528:Portuguese 3517:Portuguese 3506:Portuguese 3495:Portuguese 3484:Portuguese 3473:Portuguese 3462:Portuguese 3451:Portuguese 3440:Portuguese 3429:Portuguese 3418:Portuguese 3407:Portuguese 3396:Portuguese 3385:Portuguese 3374:Portuguese 3363:Portuguese 3352:Portuguese 3341:Portuguese 3267:Portuguese 3252:Portuguese 3238:Portuguese 3224:Portuguese 3210:Portuguese 3196:Portuguese 3174:Portuguese 3143:Portuguese 3132:Portuguese 3121:Portuguese 3110:Portuguese 3099:Portuguese 3088:Portuguese 3077:Portuguese 3066:Portuguese 3055:Portuguese 3044:Portuguese 3033:Portuguese 3022:Portuguese 3011:Portuguese 3000:Portuguese 2989:Portuguese 2978:Portuguese 2967:Portuguese 2956:Portuguese 2945:Portuguese 2934:Portuguese 2923:Portuguese 2912:Portuguese 2901:Portuguese 2890:Portuguese 2879:Portuguese 2868:Portuguese 2857:Portuguese 2840:Portuguese 2829:Portuguese 2818:Portuguese 2807:Portuguese 2796:Portuguese 2782:Portuguese 2771:Portuguese 2760:Portuguese 2749:Portuguese 2738:Portuguese 2727:Portuguese 2716:Portuguese 2705:Portuguese 2694:Portuguese 2683:Portuguese 2664:Portuguese 2653:Portuguese 2642:Portuguese 2631:Portuguese 2620:Portuguese 2609:Portuguese 2598:Portuguese 2587:Portuguese 2576:Portuguese 2565:Portuguese 2554:Portuguese 2543:Portuguese 2532:Portuguese 2521:Portuguese 2510:Portuguese 2499:Portuguese 2488:Portuguese 2477:Portuguese 2466:Portuguese 2455:Portuguese 2444:Portuguese 2413:Portuguese 2399:Portuguese 2388:Portuguese 2377:Portuguese 2366:Portuguese 2355:Portuguese 2344:Portuguese 2333:Portuguese 2322:Portuguese 2311:Portuguese 2300:Portuguese 2289:Portuguese 2245:Portuguese 2234:Portuguese 2223:Portuguese 2212:Portuguese 2201:Portuguese 2190:Portuguese 2179:Portuguese 2168:Portuguese 2157:Portuguese 2146:Portuguese 2102:Corgo line 1995:Afonso III 1932:New Jersey 1747:Vilas Boas 1625:freguesias 1617:Portuguese 963:Waters of 951:Portuguese 907:quartzites 899:Ordovician 887:Ordovician 853:Quaternary 834:Montalegre 775:Portuguese 595:hot waters 593:(English: 298:Population 268:Nuno Vaz ( 257:Government 163:41°44′26″N 5683:Vila Real 5446:Visigoths 5442:barbarian 4839:movement; 4553:St. Blais 3279:Religious 2421:Vespasian 2007:artillery 1987:Christian 1692:Redondelo 915:Paleozoic 895:graywacke 872:graphitic 868:schistose 799:Geography 689:Sancho II 677:Guimarães 653:Afonso II 572:Remismund 564:Visigoths 530:Gallaecia 444:Vila Real 440:Vila Real 370:Area code 346:UTC+01:00 325:UTC±00:00 320:Time zone 290:Elevation 264:President 239:Vila Real 166:7°28′17″W 5673:Valpaços 5438:Frumario 5100:14 April 5044:Archived 4926:See also 4914:Portugal 4890:Portugal 4742:2001) a 4519:Theatine 4516:Catholic 3155:Military 2124:medieval 2035:potatoes 1686:Paradela 1674:Moreiras 1653:Ervededo 1600:Source: 1507:(25.06) 1157:(104.9) 1137:(103.1) 1132:(104.9) 1127:(104.9) 1122:(104.0) 911:granitic 903:Silurian 826:Valpaços 767:Chartist 669:Barcelos 428:Portugal 246:Parishes 234:District 203:Portugal 5663:Sabrosa 5623:Boticas 5483:Sources 5400:21 July 5198:10 June 5173:10 June 4791:Coração 4541:rickets 3948:azulejo 3932:columns 3921:Baroque 2676:John VI 2433:Astorga 2086:Coimbra 2066:granite 2027:"veiga" 2020:Economy 1934:in the 1695:Sanfins 1647:Curalha 1638:Bustelo 1502:(4.02) 1497:(3.50) 1492:(2.89) 1487:(1.52) 1482:(0.78) 1477:(0.72) 1472:(1.05) 1467:(2.22) 1462:(2.57) 1457:(1.07) 1452:(1.85) 1447:(2.87) 1437:(16.7) 1432:(17.6) 1427:(23.0) 1422:(28.8) 1417:(35.6) 1412:(37.6) 1407:(41.0) 1402:(35.6) 1397:(27.5) 1392:(26.6) 1387:(22.1) 1382:(18.1) 1377:(16.7) 1367:(44.5) 1362:(37.2) 1357:(40.8) 1352:(46.0) 1347:(51.6) 1342:(55.0) 1337:(56.1) 1332:(52.5) 1327:(46.9) 1322:(42.4) 1317:(37.6) 1312:(34.7) 1307:(33.4) 1297:(56.5) 1292:(45.0) 1287:(49.8) 1282:(57.2) 1277:(66.0) 1272:(71.1) 1267:(71.6) 1262:(66.4) 1257:(59.2) 1252:(53.6) 1247:(50.5) 1242:(45.7) 1237:(42.4) 1227:(68.6) 1222:(52.9) 1217:(58.6) 1212:(68.9) 1207:(80.4) 1202:(87.1) 1197:(87.3) 1192:(80.2) 1187:(71.2) 1182:(64.8) 1177:(63.3) 1172:(56.7) 1167:(51.3) 1152:(71.6) 1147:(74.3) 1142:(87.8) 1117:(92.3) 1112:(86.0) 1107:(81.5) 1102:(71.6) 1097:(65.3) 992:Climate 974:Galicia 965:Flavius 935:Miocene 883:Galicia 838:Boticas 822:Vinhais 818:Galicia 681:Galicia 584:Roderic 538:Flavian 518:castros 486:of the 460:History 451:civitas 391:Website 191:Country 5628:Chaves 5554: 5531: 4899:Canada 4750:, the 4740:Lisbon 4736:Chaves 4690:Lisbon 2425:Trajan 2070:Vidago 2055:Nantes 1991:Muslim 1924:France 1898:41,243 1887:43,667 1879:−10.8% 1876:40,940 1868:−19.8% 1865:45,883 1857:+40.6% 1854:57,243 1846:+10.7% 1843:40,702 1835:+15.6% 1832:36,781 1824:+83.3% 1821:31,815 1813:−45.2% 1810:17,356 1799:31,651 1772:Chaves 1727:Tronco 1671:Mairos 1656:Faiões 1635:Anelhe 1551:104.1 1048:Month 1010:Köppen 982:Vidago 961:; the 955:Caldas 891:schist 879:Faiões 875:slates 857:graben 698:Teresa 657:Papacy 618:Lamego 576:Frumar 541:Caesar 403:Chaves 380:Patron 306:41,243 210:Region 200: 108:Tâmega 30:Chaves 5648:Murça 5618:Alijó 5514:(PDF) 5394:(PDF) 5373:(PDF) 4992:Notes 4886:Adão, 4876:Sport 4779:Alvor 4725:ComTE 4613:Bahia 3929:Greek 3186:Dinis 2257:Civic 2082:Viseu 1948:Porto 1901:−5.6% 1895:2011 1890:+6.7% 1884:2001 1873:1991 1862:1981 1851:1960 1840:1930 1829:1900 1818:1864 1807:1849 1796:1801 1665:Maços 1548:13.2 1545:12.3 1527:11.7 1524:11.5 1515:11.7 1505:636.8 1500:102.1 1087:Year 1021:Minho 976:) to 970:Verín 673:Braga 646:Denis 614:Porto 610:Braga 568:Alani 560:Suebi 448:Roman 436:Verín 215:Norte 5552:ISBN 5529:ISBN 5473:2016 5440:, a 5402:2014 5288:and 5200:2023 5175:2023 5102:2011 4865:DGSE 4824:GOSE 4795:PIDE 4752:15th 4646:and 4555:and 2435:and 2423:and 2088:and 2039:corn 2003:town 2001:(or 1999:vila 1989:and 1973:and 1954:City 1930:and 1785:Pop. 1781:Year 1680:Oura 1595:1.4 1592:0.2 1568:0.2 1565:0.1 1562:0.3 1559:0.6 1542:9.5 1539:6.4 1536:3.0 1533:3.6 1530:5.3 1521:6.9 1518:9.0 1495:88.8 1490:73.3 1485:38.7 1480:19.8 1475:18.4 1470:26.7 1465:56.5 1460:65.2 1455:27.2 1450:47.1 1445:73.0 1435:−8.5 1430:−8.0 1425:−5.0 1420:−1.8 1395:−2.5 1390:−3.0 1385:−5.5 1380:−7.7 1375:−8.5 1345:10.9 1340:12.8 1335:13.4 1330:11.4 1295:13.6 1280:14.0 1275:18.9 1270:21.7 1265:22.0 1260:19.1 1255:15.1 1250:12.0 1245:10.3 1225:20.3 1220:11.6 1215:14.8 1210:20.5 1205:26.9 1200:30.6 1195:30.7 1190:26.8 1185:21.8 1180:18.2 1175:17.4 1170:13.7 1165:10.7 1155:40.5 1150:22.0 1145:23.5 1140:31.0 1135:39.5 1130:40.5 1125:40.5 1120:40.0 1115:33.5 1110:30.0 1105:27.5 1100:22.0 1095:18.5 1084:Dec 1081:Nov 1078:Oct 1075:Sep 1072:Aug 1069:Jul 1066:Jun 1063:May 1060:Apr 1057:Mar 1054:Feb 1051:Jan 972:(in 928:The 893:and 863:and 836:and 824:and 675:and 638:León 616:and 574:and 562:and 484:keep 363:5400 350:WEST 277:Area 128:Flag 4731:GOA 4514:(a 2130:and 2047:hay 2043:rye 2033:of 2025:the 1938:. 1627:): 1415:2.0 1410:3.1 1405:5.0 1400:2.0 1365:7.0 1360:2.9 1355:4.9 1350:7.8 1325:8.3 1320:5.8 1315:3.1 1310:1.5 1305:0.8 1290:7.2 1285:9.9 1240:7.6 1235:5.8 1014:Csa 781:). 597:). 374:276 339:DST 329:WET 5700:: 5453:^ 5389:. 5324:^ 5308:^ 5264:^ 5234:^ 5222:^ 5208:^ 5131:). 5055:^ 4821:, 4746:, 4728:, 4722:, 4551:, 4535:: 4506:: 4483:: 4472:: 4461:: 4450:: 4439:: 4428:: 4417:: 4406:: 4395:: 4384:: 4373:: 4362:: 4351:: 4340:: 4329:: 4318:: 4307:: 4296:: 4285:: 4274:: 4263:: 4252:: 4241:: 4233:: 4222:: 4211:: 4200:: 4186:: 4175:: 4164:: 4153:: 4142:: 4131:: 4120:: 4109:: 4093:: 4082:: 4071:: 4060:: 4049:: 4038:: 4027:: 4016:: 4005:: 3994:: 3983:: 3972:: 3961:: 3942:: 3915:: 3904:: 3893:: 3882:: 3871:: 3860:: 3849:: 3838:: 3827:: 3816:: 3805:: 3794:: 3783:: 3772:: 3761:: 3750:: 3739:: 3728:: 3717:: 3706:: 3695:: 3684:: 3673:: 3662:: 3651:: 3640:: 3629:: 3618:: 3607:: 3596:: 3585:: 3574:: 3563:: 3552:: 3541:: 3530:: 3519:: 3508:: 3497:: 3486:: 3475:: 3464:: 3453:: 3442:: 3431:: 3420:: 3409:: 3398:: 3387:: 3376:: 3365:: 3354:: 3343:: 3269:: 3254:: 3240:: 3226:: 3212:: 3198:: 3176:: 3145:: 3134:: 3123:: 3112:: 3101:: 3090:: 3079:: 3068:: 3057:: 3046:: 3035:: 3024:: 3013:: 3002:: 2991:: 2980:: 2969:: 2958:: 2947:: 2936:: 2925:: 2914:: 2903:: 2892:: 2881:: 2870:: 2859:: 2842:: 2831:: 2820:: 2809:: 2798:: 2784:: 2773:: 2762:: 2751:: 2740:: 2729:: 2718:: 2707:: 2696:: 2685:: 2666:: 2655:: 2644:: 2633:: 2622:: 2611:: 2600:: 2589:: 2578:: 2567:: 2556:: 2545:: 2534:: 2523:: 2512:: 2501:: 2490:: 2479:: 2468:: 2457:: 2446:: 2415:: 2401:: 2390:: 2379:: 2368:: 2357:: 2346:: 2335:: 2324:: 2313:: 2302:: 2291:: 2247:: 2236:: 2225:: 2214:: 2203:: 2192:: 2181:: 2170:: 2159:: 2148:: 2084:, 2045:, 2041:, 2037:, 1950:. 1918:. 1790:±% 1619:: 1589:0 1586:0 1583:0 1580:0 1577:0 1574:0 1571:0 1012:: 984:, 953:: 917:. 792:. 777:: 671:, 612:, 555:. 543:, 270:PS 5598:e 5591:t 5584:v 5537:. 5404:. 5294:. 5202:. 5177:. 5144:) 5104:. 5030:. 4871:. 4769:; 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