335:
40:
31:
48:
145:, which was itself lost in the 17th century. These drawings, although they are twice removed from the originals, show the variety of sources that the earliest illuminators used as models for manuscript illustration, including metalwork, frescoes, and floor mosaics. The Roman originals were probably fully painted miniatures.
34:
The title page and
Dedication from the Barberini MS. The texts read: "Valentinus, may you flourish in God" (top), "Furius Dionysius Filocalus illustrated this work" (in triangles), "Valentinus, enjoy reading this" (main in placard), on the left "Valentinus, may you live long and flourish", on the
90:
is sometimes used to describe the whole collection, and sometimes just the sixth part, which is the
Calendar itself. Other versions of the names ("Philocalus", "Philocalian", "Codex-Calendar of 354", etc.) are occasionally used. The text and illustrations are available online.
229:, a list of Popes, and the Calendar of Filocalus, from which copies of eleven miniatures survive. Among other information, it contains the earliest reference to Christmas (see Part 12 below) and the dates of Roman Games, with their number of
209:
was the leading scribe or calligrapher of the period, and possibly also executed the original miniatures. His name is on the dedication page. He was also a
Christian, living in a moment that lay on the cusp between a pagan and a
288:
At AD 1: "Hoc cons. dominus Iesus
Christus natus est VIII kal. Ian. d. Ven. luna xv." – "When these were consuls, Lord Jesus Christ was born 8 days before the kalends of January on the day of Venus Moon 15" – is a historical
198:, most scholars, following Meyer Schapiro, believe Peiresc would have been able to make a correct judgement on its age. For a full list of manuscripts with copies after the originals, see the external link.
185:
that the Codex
Luxemburgensis copied by Peiresc was actually the Roman original has not been accepted. Peiresc himself thought the manuscript was seven or eight hundred years old when he had it, and, though
311:
Line 1: "VIII kal. Ian. natus
Christus in Betleem Iudeae" – "Eighth day before the kalends of January Birth of Christ in Bethlehem of Judea" – is the oldest reference to Jesus' birth as an annual feast
249:
Part 4: images of the seven planets with a calendar of the hours - 5 surviving miniatures. Copies of the emblematic drawings appear in a
Carolingian text that portrays Mercury and Venus in
1511:
1176:
Nordenfalk, "Der
Kalendar vom Jahre 354 und die lateinische Buchmalerei des IV. Jahrhunderts" (Göteborg) 1936, noted in Schapiro 1940:270, reprinted in Schapiro,
334:
1093:
177:
on long-term loan, is clearly the most faithful. After
Peiresc's death in 1637 the manuscript disappeared. However some folios had already been lost from the
118:
times, by the 8th–9th centuries. A number of copies were made at that time, with and without illustrations, which in turn were copied during the
Renaissance.
236:
The contents are as follows (from the Barberini Ms. unless stated). All surviving miniatures are full-page, often combined with some text in various ways:
1577:
Die spätantiken Kanontafeln. Kunstgeschichtliche Studien über die eusebianische Evangelien-Konkordanz in den vier ersten Jahrhunderten ihrer Geschichte.
1556:
67:
is a compilation of chronological and calendrical texts produced in 354 AD for a wealthy Roman Christian named Valentinus by the calligrapher and
1138:
in 1600, is illustrated in part with figures drawn from the Codex-Calendar of 354 (Meyer Schapiro, "The Carolingian Copy of the Calendar of 354"
1628:
259:
Part 6: the Philocalian calendar – seven miniatures of personifications of the Months in this MS; the full set appears in other copies
1266:
This is a list of famous men (in no particular order) rather than a list of actual dictators. Only 10 names held the position of
1250:
1592:
1549:
1541:
1360:
Reckoning from Severus' death. This calculation gives 16 December 211, probably referring to his attempted murder during the
466:
269:·XXX" – "Birthday of the unconquered, games ordered, thirty races" – is the oldest literary reference to the pagan feast of
17:
1633:
451:
1185:
1087:
476:
1643:
134:
94:
Amongst other historically significant information, the work contains the earliest reference to the celebration of
243:
Part 2: images of the personifications of the cities of Rome, Alexandria, Constantinople and Trier - 4 miniatures
1435:
Severus abdicated in April 307 and was executed 5 months later. The author extends his reign up until his death.
1648:
296:
1324:
1658:
1219:
is given as December 25th in considerably earlier sources, but this is the first reference to a holiday or
497:
1653:
1377:
341:
319:
206:
71:
1585:
Von Picus bis Licinius: historischer Kommentar zu den „Chronica urbis Romae“ im Chronographen von 354.
852:
414:
133:, cod. Barberini lat. 2154). This was carefully copied, under the supervision of the great antiquary
1613:
1493:(The Transformation of the Classical Heritage 17). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
1074:
256:
Part 5: the signs of the Zodiac – no miniatures surviving in this manuscript; four in other copies
121:
The most complete and faithful copies of the illustrations are the pen drawings in a 17th-century
1461:
492:
486:
444:
149:
1237:
1154:
A. L. Frothingham, who noted Botticelli's source, in "The Real Title of Botticelli's 'Pallas'"
1058:
Salzman, p. 3: "the earliest full-page illustrations in a codex in the history of Western art".
503:
461:
211:
166:
75:
68:
279:
8:
1280:
986:
436:
1491:
On Roman Time: The Codex-Calendar of 354 and the Rhythms of Urban Life in Late Antiquity
1380:
is largely speculative and unknown. No primary source collaborates any of these lengths.
1224:
892:
868:
250:
226:
103:
1533:
1529:
1588:
1545:
1537:
1477:
1216:
1181:
924:
900:
798:
743:
518:
1444:
The original manuscript may have been written around 330, as there is no mention of
181:
before Peiresc received it, and other copies have some of these. The suggestion of
173:
The Vatican Barberini manuscript, made in 1620 for Peiresc, who had the Carolingian
47:
1307:
1293:
1199:
940:
635:
510:
395:
164:) who grasps a bound barbarian by the hair for his painting, traditionally called
1571:
849:
810:
734:
700:
530:
425:
300:
182:
130:
114:
The original volume has not survived, but it is thought that it still existed in
43:
Portrait of Constantius II, dispensing largesse, from part 7 of the Barberini MS
1467:
1422:
1403:
1267:
754:
678:
456:
384:
230:
275:
Part 7: consular portraits of the emperors – 2 miniatures (the last in the MS)
246:
Part 3: images of the emperors and the birthdays of the Caesars - 2 miniatures
1622:
1445:
358:
327:
Part 16: Chronicle of the City of Rome (a list of rulers with short comments)
187:
1576:
1638:
1135:
690:
389:
377:
283:
270:
39:
1178:
Selected Papers: volume 3, Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art
1321:
840:
481:
195:
138:
115:
1555:
On the problems with the edition part of this work, see Burgess, R. W.
1361:
1327:, who also gave Galba a larger reign ("nine months and thirteen days").
1188:
1003:
968:
908:
880:
872:
821:
787:
153:
122:
1206:(Yale University Press) 1984, ch. VIII "Conversions of intellectuals".
221:
as a calendar; it includes various texts and lists, including elegant
102:, although unique historical dates had been mentioned much earlier by
1348:
1220:
1015:
932:
888:
818:
761:
607:
595:
345:
126:
95:
78:
is lost, but several copies have survived. It is the earliest known
1399:
1395:
1344:
1254:
1163:
1035:
960:
916:
833:
829:
776:
723:
712:
630:
553:
542:
222:
30:
956:
667:
569:
365:
218:
1557:"The New Edition of the Chronograph of 354: A Detailed Critique"
1512:"The Chronograph of 354: its Manuscripts, Contents, and History"
1600:
Le calendrier de 354. Étude sur son texte et ses illustrations.
1127:
860:
656:
1612:
Online text and images, full introduction and bibliography at
1472:
1340:
948:
641:
619:
576:
471:
306:
Part 11: commemoration dates of past popes from AD 255 to 352
161:
79:
1161:.4 (October 1908), pp. 438-444, reidentified the subject as
1526:
Das Kalenderhandbuch von 354: Der Chronograph des Filocalus
973:
587:
564:
1107:
Hippolytus of Rome: Commentary on Daniel and 'Chronicon'.
1022:
991:
217:
The Chronography, like all Roman calendars, is as much an
148:
Various partial copies or adaptations survive from the
997:
1253:, who claimed ancestry from Marius and struck silver
695:
612:
1498:Late Antique and Early Christian Book Illumination
1028:
792:
624:
581:
35:right "Valentinus, may you live long and rejoice".
1620:
315:Part 13: bishops of Rome, the Liberian Catalogue
1524:Divjak, Johannes; Wischmeyer, Wolfgang (2014).
1305:Reckoning inclusively from his confirmation as
1227:had been celebrated for some time at this date.
240:Part 1: title page and dedication - 1 miniature
225:of the months. It also includes the important
1320:The writer most likely based his numbers from
292:Part 9: the dates of Easter from AD 312 to 411
109:
82:to have had full page illustrations. The name
1089:Hippolytus and the Original Date of Christmas
430:
370:
706:
661:
344:According to the Codex-Calendar of 354, the
309:Part 12: commemoration dates of the martyrs
1204:Christianizing the Roman Empire A.D.100-400
1249:The author probably confused Marcius with
979:
1040:
748:
683:
547:
419:
408:
781:
46:
38:
29:
27:Roman chronological and calendrical text
1580:Gothenburg: Oscar Isacsons Boktryckery.
1145:.4 (December 1940, pp. 270-272) p 270).
1085:
717:
14:
1621:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
728:
650:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1372:
1370:
1335:
1333:
1180:, 1980, Chatto & Windus, London,
402:
353:
194:(1681), the first systematic work of
1420:Reckoning from their appointment as
896:ruled 14 years, 4 months and 28 days
369:son of Mars and Ilia reigned for 38
1629:4th-century illuminated manuscripts
1614:Tertullian.org: Chronography of 354
1561:Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum
1500:. New York: George Braziller, 1977.
1347:'s reign seems to be reckoned from
1343:may have been a later addition, as
1075:Tertullian.org:Chronography of 354
1061:
920:ruled 5 years, 4 months and 20 days
864:ruled 1 year, 11 months and 18 days
856:ruled 5 years, 5 months and 29 days
24:
1504:
1409:
1383:
1367:
1330:
1096:from the original on March 3, 2013
1086:Schmidt, Tom (November 21, 2010),
904:ruled 1 year, 4 months and 14 days
876:ruled 2 years, 4 months and 9 days
845:ruled 5 years, 5 months and 5 days
814:ruled 3 years, 4 months and 2 days
770:
452:Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
98:as an annual holiday or feast, on
25:
1670:
1606:
964:ruled 2 years, 11 months, 2 days
944:ruled 6 years, 2 months, 12 days
803:
535:
514:ruled 3 years, 7 months, 6 days.
348:could accommodate 87,000 people.
333:
156:adapted a figure of the city of
135:Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
1438:
1429:
1354:
1314:
1299:
1296:(21 April 43 BC)
1286:
1283:(9 August 48 BC)
1273:
1260:
1243:
1230:
1156:American Journal of Archaeology
1008:
558:
324:Part 15: Chronicle of the Bible
1209:
1193:
1170:
1148:
1130:, a Carolingian manuscript of
1120:
1111:
1079:
1052:
998:16 years, 8 months and 12 days
672:
646:
523:
13:
1:
1483:
600:
1240:Q79, noted in Salzmann 1991.
707:18 years, 11 months, 14 days
613:12 years, 8 months, 28 days.
301:prefects of the city of Rome
7:
1454:
1378:Crisis of the Third Century
1105:. Schmidt is translator of
758:ruled 10 months and 12 days
671:ruled 20 years, 10 months,
201:
110:Transmission from antiquity
10:
1675:
1587:Stuttgart: Franz Steiner,
952:ruled 10 months and 5 days
793:6 years, 8 months, 18 days
636:17 years, 5 months, 5 days
557:ruled 13 years, 8 months,
522:ruled 56 years, 4 months,
207:Furius Dionysius Filocalus
190:had not yet published his
72:Furius Dionysius Filocalus
1634:4th-century history books
1516:Journal of Late Antiquity
152:and Renaissance periods.
1489:Salzman, Michele Renee.
1251:Lucius Marcius Philippus
1167:and unruly civic strife.
1046:
504:Rulership of the Caesars
1644:Culture of ancient Rome
1583:Pfund, Günther (2021).
1462:On Weights and Measures
1223:being celebrated. The
928:ruled 8 months, 12 days
150:Carolingian Renaissance
51:Personification of June
1376:The chronology of the
1311:on 17 September AD 14.
1236:University of Leiden,
1011:, 4 months and 15 days
320:14 regions of the City
223:allegorical depictions
212:Christian Roman Empire
167:Pallas and the Centaur
76:illustrated manuscript
52:
44:
36:
1649:Late Roman Empire art
1598:Stern, Henri (1953).
1536:). Wien: Holzhausen,
1225:feast of the Epiphany
788:Antoninus Elagaballus
415:L. Tarquinius Priscus
84:Calendar of Filocalus
50:
42:
33:
582:8 months and 12 days
179:Codex Luxemburgensis
175:Codex Luxemburgensis
143:Codex Luxemburgensis
1659:Early Christian art
1292:Reckoning from the
1281:Battle of Pharsalus
1279:Reckoning from the
980:21 years, 11 months
599:ruled 8 months and
437:Tarquinius Superbus
251:heliocentric orbits
88:Filocalian Calendar
18:Chronography of 354
1654:Specific calendars
749:11 months, 28 days
570:14 years, 5 months
548:8 months, 12 days.
354:Chronology of Rome
303:from 254 to 354 AD
227:Liberian Catalogue
104:Hippolytus of Rome
53:
45:
37:
1593:978-3-515-12875-9
1550:978-3-902976-30-7
1542:978-3-902976-29-1
1496:Weitzmann, Kurt.
1478:Menologia rustica
1339:The inclusion of
1217:Nativity of Jesus
1092:, chronicon.net,
1041:4 months, 16 days
1029:9 years, 8 months
825:ruled for 20 days
771:2 months, 15 days
718:8 months, 12 days
696:8 months, 12 days
684:8 months, 28 days
662:4 months, 27 days
554:Tiberius Claudius
519:Octavian Augustus
467:Valerius Pblicola
261:On December 25: "
192:De re diplomatica
16:(Redirected from
1666:
1602:Paris: Geuthner.
1572:Nordenfalk, Carl
1566:(2017): 383–415.
1449:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1407:
1392:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1337:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1294:Battle of Mutina
1290:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1215:The date of the
1213:
1207:
1200:Ramsay MacMullen
1197:
1191:
1189:On line at JSTOR
1174:
1168:
1152:
1146:
1140:The Art Bulletin
1124:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1059:
1056:
1042:
1039:ruled 15 years,
1030:
1026:
1010:
999:
995:
981:
977:
805:
802:ruled 13 years,
794:
783:
782:4 months, 2 days
772:
750:
747:ruled 17 years,
730:
719:
716:ruled 16 years,
708:
702:Marcus Antoninus
697:
685:
682:ruled 22 years,
674:
663:
660:ruled 19 years,
652:
648:
637:
626:
614:
602:
583:
571:
560:
549:
537:
534:ruled 22 years,
525:
511:C. Julius Caesar
462:Apulius Claudius
440:reigned 25 years
432:
421:
410:
406:
404:Marius Phillipus
399:reigned 32 years
396:Tullus Hostilius
391:
372:
337:
268:
264:
106:during 202–211.
101:
21:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1544:(volume 1) and
1521:(2012) 345–396.
1510:Burgess, R. W.
1507:
1505:Further reading
1486:
1457:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1419:
1410:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1338:
1331:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1194:
1175:
1171:
1153:
1149:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1099:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
769:ruled 6 years,
694:ruled 7 years,
546:ruled 3 years,
531:Tiberius Caesar
493:Luius Salinator
426:Servius Tullius
356:
351:
350:
349:
343:
338:
310:
287:
266:
262:
260:
204:
183:Carl Nordenfalk
131:Vatican Library
112:
99:
74:. The original
65:Calendar of 354
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1617:
1616:
1608:
1607:External links
1605:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1581:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1522:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:Roman calendar
1465:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1437:
1428:
1408:
1406:are all mixed.
1404:Maximinus Daza
1382:
1366:
1353:
1329:
1313:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1268:Roman dictator
1259:
1242:
1229:
1208:
1192:
1169:
1147:
1119:
1117:cf. M. Salzman
1110:
1078:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1032:
1020:
1012:
1000:
983:
965:
953:
945:
937:
929:
921:
913:
905:
897:
885:
877:
865:
857:
846:
838:
826:
815:
807:
795:
784:
773:
759:
751:
739:
731:
720:
709:
698:
686:
679:Antoninus Pius
675:
664:
653:
638:
627:
615:
603:
592:
584:
573:
561:
550:
539:
527:
515:
501:
500:
495:
490:
487:Quintus Fabius
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
457:Fabius Maximus
454:
442:
441:
433:
422:
411:
400:
392:
385:Numa Pompilius
381:
355:
352:
340:
339:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
325:
322:
316:
313:
307:
304:
293:
290:
276:
273:
257:
254:
247:
244:
241:
203:
200:
111:
108:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1671:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1448:(r. 306–334).
1447:
1446:Constantine I
1441:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:The names of
1391:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1257:in his honor.
1256:
1252:
1246:
1239:
1238:Ms. Vossianus
1233:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1186:0-7011-2514-4
1183:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1019:ruled 6 years
1018:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1005:
1001:
994:
990:
988:
984:
976:
972:
970:
966:
963:
962:
958:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:ruled 88 days
935:
934:
930:
927:
926:
922:
919:
918:
914:
912:ruled 77 days
911:
910:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
894:
890:
886:
884:ruled 88 days
883:
882:
878:
875:
874:
870:
866:
863:
862:
858:
855:
854:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
837:ruled 99 days
836:
835:
831:
827:
824:
823:
820:
816:
813:
812:
808:
801:
800:
796:
790:
789:
785:
780:rule 1 year,
779:
778:
774:
768:
767:
764:
760:
757:
756:
752:
746:
745:
740:
738:ruled 65 days
737:
736:
732:
726:
725:
721:
715:
714:
710:
704:
703:
699:
693:
692:
687:
681:
680:
676:
670:
669:
665:
659:
658:
654:
644:
643:
639:
633:
632:
628:
622:
621:
616:
610:
609:
604:
598:
597:
593:
591:ruled 90 days
590:
589:
585:
579:
578:
574:
567:
566:
562:
556:
555:
551:
545:
544:
540:
533:
532:
528:
521:
520:
516:
513:
512:
508:
507:
506:
505:
499:
496:
494:
491:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
446:
445:The Dictators
439:
438:
434:
428:
427:
423:
417:
416:
412:
405:
401:
398:
397:
393:
387:
386:
382:
379:
376:
368:
367:
363:
362:
361:
360:
359:Kings of Rome
347:
342:
336:
326:
323:
321:
318:Part 14: The
317:
314:
308:
305:
302:
298:
294:
291:
285:
284:Roman consuls
281:
277:
274:
272:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
232:
231:chariot-races
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
208:
199:
197:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
107:
105:
97:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
49:
41:
32:
19:
1599:
1584:
1575:
1563:
1560:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1497:
1490:
1460:
1440:
1431:
1421:
1356:
1316:
1306:
1301:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1245:
1232:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1136:Hugo Grotius
1131:
1122:
1113:
1106:
1100:December 29,
1098:, retrieved
1088:
1081:
1054:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1002:
992:
985:
974:
967:
955:
947:
939:
931:
923:
915:
907:
899:
887:
879:
867:
859:
848:
841:
828:
817:
809:
797:
786:
775:
765:
762:
753:
742:The deified
741:
733:
722:
711:
701:
689:The deified
688:
677:
666:
655:
649:, 4 months,
640:
629:
618:The deified
617:
606:The deified
605:
594:
586:
575:
563:
552:
543:C. Gallicula
541:
529:
517:
509:
502:
498:Iuius Brutus
443:
435:
424:
413:
407:reigned for
403:
394:
388:reigned for
383:
380:for 5 years.
378:Titus Tatius
374:
364:
357:
280:list (fasti)
271:Sol Invictus
235:
216:
205:
191:
178:
174:
172:
165:
157:
147:
142:
129:collection (
120:
113:
93:
87:
83:
64:
61:Chronography
60:
56:
54:
1322:Cassius Dio
1126:The Leiden
987:Constantius
482:Cincinnatus
472:Sulla Felix
429:reigned 46
196:paleography
139:Carolingian
116:Carolingian
100:December 25
69:illustrator
57:Chronograph
1623:Categories
1484:References
1362:Saturnalia
1134:edited by
1132:Phaenomena
969:Diocletian
909:Quintillus
881:Aemilianus
873:Volusianus
806:and 9 days
572:, 28 days.
538:, 28 days.
286:to AD 354
154:Botticelli
123:manuscript
1351:'s death.
1349:Vespasian
1221:feast day
1164:Florentia
1031:, 6 days.
1016:Maxentius
982:, 12 days
889:Gallienus
811:Maximinus
799:Alexander
766:the Great
763:Antoninus
608:Vespasian
596:Vitellius
346:Colosseum
295:Part 10:
289:reference
265:·INVICTI·
137:, from a
127:Barberini
125:from the
96:Christmas
1574:(1938).
1534:volume 2
1530:volume 1
1455:See also
1400:Galerius
1396:Maximian
1345:Domitian
1308:augustus
1255:denarius
1094:archived
1036:Licinius
1024:Maximian
993:Maximian
975:Maximian
961:Numerian
917:Aurelian
901:Claudius
893:Valerian
834:Balbinus
830:Pupienus
822:Gordians
804:8 months
777:Macrinus
735:Julianus
724:Pertinax
713:Commodus
673:14 days.
631:Domitian
601:11 days.
559:27 days.
536:7 months
477:Barbatus
420:28 years
418:reigned
409:36 years
390:41 years
278:Part 8:
202:Contents
188:Mabillon
158:Treberis
141:copy, a
1009:3 years
1004:Severus
957:Carinus
933:Florian
925:Tacitus
853:Philips
850:The two
842:Gordian
819:The two
744:Severus
729:75 days
668:Hadrian
651:1 days.
647:5 years
366:Romulus
299:of the
282:of the
219:almanac
1591:
1548:
1540:
1423:caesar
1402:, and
1184:
1128:Aratus
1027:ruled
1007:ruled
996:ruled
978:ruled
941:Probus
869:Gallus
861:Decius
791:ruled
727:ruled
705:ruled
657:Trajan
645:ruled
634:ruled
623:ruled
611:ruled
580:ruled
568:ruled
1473:Fasti
1341:Titus
1047:Notes
949:Carus
891:with
691:Verus
642:Nerva
620:Titus
577:Galba
524:1 day
431:years
371:years
162:Trier
80:codex
63:, or
1589:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1325:(63)
1182:ISBN
1102:2018
959:and
871:and
832:and
755:Geta
588:Otho
565:Nero
375:with
373:...
297:list
55:The
1639:354
989:and
971:and
625:...
489:(?)
312:day
86:or
1625::
1564:21
1559:,
1552:.
1532:,
1514:,
1411:^
1398:,
1385:^
1369:^
1332:^
1202:,
1159:12
1143:22
1063:^
447::
267:CM
233:.
214:.
170:.
59:,
1595:.
1528:(
1519:5
1426:.
1364:.
1270:.
526:.
263:N
253:.
160:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
