2882:
34:
407:
748:"In the share of Japheth lies Rus', Chud', and all the gentiles: Merya, Muroma, Ves', Mordva, Chud' beyond the portages, Perm', Pechera, Yam', Ugra, Litva, Zimegola, Kors', Let'gola, and Liv'. The Lyakhs, the Prussians, and Chud' border on the Varangian Sea." Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1953), p. 52.
366:
reminisce about the destruction of the Chuds when the Slavs were occupying their territories. When a Chud township was attacked, Chud women drowned themselves, along with their jewels and children, in order to avoid robbery or rape.
233:
In other Old East Slavic chronicles, the term "Chuds" refers to several Finnic tribes, early
Estonian groups in particular. Kievan rulers then collected tribute from the Chuds of the surrounding ancient Estonian county of
1323:
322:
river catchment areas
Finnish fennougrist Pauli Rahkonen has come to the conclusion, that the language spoken in the area has been Finnic only in the vicinity of the southern coasts of Lake Ladoga and the
290:
Chuds have traditionally been believed to belong to the group of Baltic-Finnic peoples, though there have been some debate as to which specific group. After the first encounter with the Chuds,
2424:
1230:
2583:
2578:
370:
In the chronicles which narrate about the founding of Russia, the Chuds are mentioned as one of the founder races, with the Slav and the
Varyags (Varangians).
1318:
496:
can also designate Komi heroes and heathens; Old
Believers; another people different from the Komi; or robbers—the latter two are the typical legends in
1337:
851:
254:). Most of the raids against Chuds described in medieval East Slavic chronicles occur in present-day Estonia. The border lake between Estonia and the
1082:
1536:
1332:
2087:
3062:
1099:
359:, the Chuds were described as exalted and beautiful. One characteristic of the Chuds was 'white-eyed', which means lightly colored eyes.
1030:
986:
649:
1525:
3072:
954:
759:
500:
folklore. In fact, the legends about Chuds (Čuđit) cover a large area in northern Europe from
Scandinavia to the Urals, bounded by
2894:
489:
is often used to denote the Veps. The name Chuds (or
Northern Chuds) has been used for Veps people also by some anthropologists.
1075:
965:
The
Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor
876:
725:
1040:
669:
Drannikova, Natalia; Larsen, Roald (30 September 2008). "Representations of the Chuds in
Norwegian and Russian Folklore".
2782:
2011:
294:
tended to call other Finnic-speaking peoples Chuds, and thus became a collective name for the Finno-Ugric neighbours in
3067:
923:
463:
895:
164:
Arguably, the earliest attested written use of the word "Chuds" to describe Baltic Finnic peoples (presumably early
1068:
784:
988:
SLA 218. Ukrainian
Literature and Culture. Excerpts from The Rus' Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, PVL)
222:
are said to have defeated "Chuds" in a battle in 1030 and then established the fort of "Yuryev" (in what is now
2303:
2881:
2640:
2373:
1789:
1717:
392:
Chuds or Tchuds are traditional generic villains in some Sami legends, as well as in the Sami-language movie
3077:
2329:
882:
526:
region. As late as 1920, people of that region used legends of the Chuds to scare small naughty children.
238:, possibly until 1061, when, according to the chronicles, Yuryev was burned down by Estonian tribe called
2613:
128:). Another hypothesis is that the term was derived from a transformation of the Finno-Ugric name for the
994:. Toronto: Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature, University of Toronto. p. 16. Archived from
516:. It has from this area spread to Trans-Ural region through mediation of migrants from European North.
2515:
2368:
251:
2966:
2678:
2343:
1346:
638:
344:
177:
52:
450:. Following the Russian conquests of Finland 1714–1809, and increasing contacts between Finns and
2775:
2398:
1091:
735:
247:
124:('foreign' or 'strange'), which in turn is derived from the Gothic word meaning 'folk' (compare
2159:
1988:
995:
860:
394:
85:
77:
909:
3082:
2451:
2164:
2135:
2072:
332:
89:
20:
643:
2856:
2598:
2209:
1423:
347:
toponymy in northern Russia carried out recently by
Finnish Finno-Ugrist Janne Saarikivi.
8:
2972:
2466:
2456:
2443:
2261:
2154:
2140:
270:. However, many ancient references to Chuds talk of peoples very far from Estonia, like
219:
105:
963:
729:
152:). This, however, would have required prominent Sami presence in trading centers around
2768:
2749:
2673:
2618:
2510:
2437:
2353:
1860:
686:
561:
513:
356:
2818:
2384:
2378:
2358:
2314:
2125:
1867:
1024:
957:(PSRL). Volume 2. 3rd Edition. Col. 15. Saint Petersburg: Typography of Edward Prats.
919:
891:
872:
690:
620:
182:
173:
981:(First edition published in 1930. The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction.)
2739:
2603:
2461:
2405:
2189:
2062:
1913:
1679:
1486:
864:
799:
678:
566:
451:
267:
145:
101:
69:
2870:
2850:
2744:
2693:
2668:
2588:
2544:
2492:
2418:
2026:
1973:
1953:
1948:
1933:
1890:
1826:
1664:
1649:
1430:
915:
853:
Substrata Uralica. Studies on finno-ugrian substrate in northern russian dialects
833:
Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja – Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne
535:
327:, but more upstream of the two rivers, the language, as based on the evidence of
324:
165:
1692:
609:"The Komi, Ethnic Stereotypes, and Nationalities Policy in Late Imperial Russia"
3031:
3016:
2956:
2950:
2844:
2833:
2791:
2658:
2648:
2348:
2308:
2274:
2243:
2236:
2174:
2100:
2077:
2006:
1943:
1918:
1669:
1549:
1437:
1225:
1199:
1194:
1046:
803:
199:
133:
682:
3056:
2890:
2814:
2683:
2634:
2520:
2481:
2476:
2432:
2321:
2256:
2251:
2229:
2204:
2184:
2067:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1938:
1853:
1846:
1832:
1654:
1635:
1630:
1617:
1507:
1500:
1375:
1266:
1235:
624:
343:
catchment area seem to have spoken Finnic languages based on the evidence of
319:
243:
195:
27:
944:
711:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 101.
33:
2734:
2471:
2057:
1978:
1928:
1903:
1774:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1625:
1569:
1473:
1460:
1395:
1307:
1302:
1288:
1137:
509:
475:
1060:
2915:
2724:
2714:
2653:
2570:
2392:
2288:
2146:
1983:
1923:
1839:
1779:
1764:
1659:
1402:
1312:
1204:
1109:
971:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325
825:
523:
501:
497:
462:
that the Russians were believed to find fit for the Finns. However, as a
211:
153:
129:
608:
586:
3021:
3001:
2943:
2937:
2593:
2526:
2500:
2486:
2281:
2179:
2120:
1813:
1769:
1589:
1579:
1294:
1240:
868:
471:
438:
315:
275:
215:
187:
37:
826:"Finno-Ugrian hydronyms of the River Volkhov and Luga catchment areas"
2805:
2729:
2559:
2534:
2413:
2267:
2130:
2095:
1802:
1687:
1641:
1493:
1389:
1381:
1255:
1250:
1150:
1122:
447:
340:
328:
263:
198:. It goes on to narrate that the Chud were among the founders of the
3041:
3006:
2983:
2978:
2908:
2863:
2554:
2363:
2169:
2049:
2042:
1797:
1749:
1731:
1702:
1604:
1574:
1416:
1410:
1354:
1210:
1180:
1170:
1143:
1129:
1115:
642:
470:
that was applied also to Finns and Estonians as late as during the
419:
406:
311:
299:
295:
207:
203:
587:"The Chud of the Vodskaya Pyatina in the light of new discoveries"
3036:
3026:
2902:
2838:
2827:
2709:
2688:
2608:
2549:
2505:
2031:
1999:
1993:
1898:
1880:
1875:
1707:
1599:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1468:
1360:
1273:
1245:
1175:
1165:
1157:
540:
505:
479:
459:
432:
423:
303:
235:
227:
97:
93:
2988:
2663:
2564:
2539:
2199:
2194:
2036:
2021:
1725:
1594:
1584:
1544:
1515:
1478:
1454:
1446:
1367:
1283:
1260:
1217:
785:"Could Kedipiv in East-Slavonic Chronicles be Keava hill fort?"
761:
The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia
373:
Folk etymology derives the word from Old East Slavic language (
363:
255:
116:
There are a number of hypotheses as to the origin of the term.
132:. Yet another hypothesis contends that it is derived from the
2961:
2335:
2295:
2223:
2215:
1908:
1821:
1807:
1739:
1697:
1610:
1186:
985:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (2013) .
443:
307:
298:
cultural tradition. Many writers contend that the Chuds were
291:
279:
223:
63:
2760:
1023:
962:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953).
2921:
410:
Chuds and other ethnic groups in 9th century Eastern Europe
40:
1030–1113. The lands of the Chuds are shown in the north.
504:
in the south, the northern and eastern districts of the
26:"Chude" redirects here. For the village in Poland, see
16:
Loose term for Finnic peoples in Old Russian chronicles
984:
961:
562:"The politico-religious landscape of medieval Karelia"
492:
In the mytho-poetical tradition of the Komi, the word
418:
was more often used for more eastern Finnic peoples,
310:
are descendants of the Chuds. In recent research on
398:from 1987, which is loosely based on such legends.
401:
159:
1034:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 322.
653:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). pp. 388=393.
3054:
668:
389:, wonderful, miraculous, excellent, attractive.
907:
84:) is a term historically applied in the early
2776:
1076:
951:The Chronicle according to the Hypatian Codex
664:
662:
660:
485:In present-day Russian vernacular, the word
186:, the Chud lived along the "Varangian Sea" (
1090:
2783:
2769:
1083:
1069:
724:
104:. It has also been used to refer to other
955:Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles
849:
839:. Helsinki: Finno-Ugric Society: 205–266.
720:
718:
657:
426:in particular, while some derivatives of
942:
908:Hjort, Mette; Lindqvist, Ursula (2016).
823:
584:
405:
32:
782:
3055:
757:
715:
120:could be derived from the Slavic word
2764:
1064:
901:
637:
606:
458:to be disparaging and hinting at the
1038:
706:
702:
700:
559:
350:
553:
331:in the area, has represented other
13:
3063:History of ethnic groups in Russia
936:
14:
3094:
1016:
731:The Pre- and Proto-historic Finns
697:
144:, meaning an enemy or adversary (
3073:Medieval ethnic groups of Europe
2880:
385:'weird'), or alternatively from
946:Лѣтопись По Ипатьевскому Списку
843:
817:
792:Estonian Journal of Archaeology
776:
522:has become a swear word in the
402:Use of term in historical times
160:Attestation in Slavonic sources
1231:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
751:
742:
631:
600:
578:
1:
2790:
546:
508:province, and passing by the
442:were applied to more western
169:
911:A Companion to Nordic Cinema
111:
64:
7:
529:
454:, Finns perceived the word
306:while Smirnov suggests the
285:
92:in the area of what is now
10:
3099:
804:10.3176/arch.2012.supv1.11
335:than Finnic. However, the
56:
25:
18:
3068:Social history of Estonia
2997:
2930:
2889:
2878:
2813:
2798:
2702:
2627:
2113:
2086:
1889:
1788:
1716:
1678:
1535:
1524:
1098:
1039:Savignac, David (trans).
850:Saarikivi, Janne (2006).
683:10.1080/08003830802302893
594:Fennoscandia Archeologica
474:, 1939–1940, between the
218:. The invading troops of
824:Rahkonen, Pauli (2011).
585:Ryabinin, E. A. (1987).
302:, Fasmer posits them in
178:Old East Slavic language
1092:Ethnic groups in Russia
1042:The Pskov 3rd Chronicle
1031:Encyclopædia Britannica
758:Tvauri, Andres (2012).
650:Encyclopædia Britannica
2808:names are not recorded
2804:are settlements whose
861:Tartu University Press
607:Jääts, Indrek (2009).
560:Lind, John H. (2004).
411:
172:1100, in the earliest
149:
81:
73:
41:
783:Mäesalu, Ain (2012).
764:. pp. 33, 59, 60
512:region, further into
409:
333:Finno-Ugric languages
90:Baltic Finnic peoples
36:
21:CHUD (disambiguation)
2628:Unrecognized peoples
2114:Other ethnic peoples
1424:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
707:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
644:"Finno-Ugrian"
574:(1). Helsinki: 3–11.
357:Russian folk legends
19:For other uses, see
3078:Finno-Ugric peoples
2973:Rurikovo Gorodische
2895:Dnieper trade route
2703:Assimilated peoples
1319:Meadow-Eastern Mari
798:(16supplser): 199.
220:Yaroslav I the Wise
180:. According to the
106:Finno-Ugric peoples
102:Northwestern Russia
2750:Siberian Bukharans
1909:Aukhovite Chechens
1861:Siberian Bukharans
1187:Aukhovite Chechens
888:on 30 August 2017.
734:. D. Nut. p.
613:The Russian Review
514:Komi-Permyak Okrug
412:
256:Russian Federation
202:state. along with
86:East Slavic annals
42:
3050:
3049:
2819:Volga trade route
2758:
2757:
2387:
2385:Astrakhan Kazakhs
2109:
2108:
1868:Zabolotnie Tatars
1347:Northwestern Mari
943:Izbornyk (1908).
878:978-9949-11-474-0
859:(Thesis). Tartu:
351:Chuds in folklore
183:Primary Chronicle
62:
3090:
2884:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2674:Crimean Italians
2643:
2573:
2529:
2495:
2462:Meskhetian Turks
2446:
2427:
2408:
2406:Sakhalin Koreans
2401:
2383:
2338:
2324:
2317:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2218:
2190:Crimean Karaites
2149:
2052:
2045:
2016:
2015:
2002:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1816:
1734:
1644:
1620:
1613:
1533:
1532:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1487:Astrakhan Tatars
1482:
1463:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1370:
1363:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1328:
1327:
1297:
1276:
1269:
1220:
1213:
1189:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1045:. Archived from
1035:
1027:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1000:
993:
980:
978:
976:
970:
958:
930:
929:
905:
899:
889:
887:
881:. Archived from
858:
847:
841:
840:
830:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
789:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
755:
749:
746:
740:
739:
726:Abercromby, John
722:
713:
712:
704:
695:
694:
666:
655:
654:
646:
635:
629:
628:
604:
598:
597:
591:
582:
576:
575:
557:
466:, it was rather
464:disparaging word
452:Saint Petersburg
414:Later, the word
377:, 'foreign'; or
337:Zavoloshka Chuds
272:Zavoloshka Chuds
258:is still called
171:
67:
61:romanized:
60:
58:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
2993:
2931:Other locations
2926:
2885:
2876:
2809:
2794:
2789:
2759:
2754:
2698:
2669:Caucasus Greeks
2641:Afro-Abkhazians
2639:
2623:
2569:
2525:
2493:Kola Norwegians
2491:
2442:
2423:
2404:
2397:
2334:
2320:
2313:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2214:
2145:
2105:
2082:
2048:
2041:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1885:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1827:Siberian Tatars
1812:
1784:
1730:
1712:
1674:
1640:
1616:
1609:
1527:
1520:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1459:
1445:
1436:
1431:Baikal Cossacks
1429:
1422:
1415:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1366:
1359:
1345:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1317:
1293:
1272:
1265:
1216:
1209:
1185:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1052:
1050:
1022:
1019:
1004:
1002:
998:
991:
974:
972:
968:
939:
937:Primary sources
934:
933:
926:
916:Wiley-Blackwell
906:
902:
885:
879:
856:
848:
844:
828:
822:
818:
808:
806:
787:
781:
777:
767:
765:
756:
752:
747:
743:
723:
716:
709:Ancient Karelia
705:
698:
667:
658:
636:
632:
605:
601:
589:
583:
579:
558:
554:
549:
536:Gauja Estonians
532:
404:
353:
325:Gulf of Finland
288:
190:), next to the
174:Rus' chronicles
162:
114:
53:Old East Slavic
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2659:Astrakhan Jews
2656:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2285:
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1001:on 30 May 2014
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1854:Kalmak Tatars
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1847:Eushta Tatars
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1833:Baraba Tatars
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1501:Mishar Tatars
1498:
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1491:
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1333:Mountain Mari
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1120:
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1111:
1108:
1107:
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1103:
1102:nationalities
1097:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1049:on 2020-08-31
1048:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1025:"Chude"
1021:
1020:
997:
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896:9949-11-474-8
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733:
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727:
721:
719:
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703:
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692:
688:
684:
680:
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672:
671:Acta Borealia
665:
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634:
626:
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348:
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293:
292:Slavic people
283:
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257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
231:
229:
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209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Old Prussians
193:
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185:
184:
179:
175:
167:
157:
155:
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147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
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109:
107:
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99:
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91:
87:
83:
79:
78:Northern Sami
75:
71:
66:
54:
50:
46:
39:
35:
29:
28:Chude, Poland
22:
3083:Baltic Finns
3011:
2971:
2951:White Shores
2949:
2942:
2914:
2907:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2843:
2826:
2801:
2719:
2472:Montenegrins
2160:Azerbaijanis
1989:Azerbaijanis
1474:Volga Tatars
1461:Tozhu Tuvans
1303:Komi-Permyak
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1041:
1029:
1003:. Retrieved
996:the original
987:
973:. Retrieved
964:
950:
945:
910:
903:
883:the original
852:
845:
836:
832:
819:
807:. Retrieved
795:
791:
778:
766:. Retrieved
760:
753:
744:
730:
708:
677:(1): 58–72.
674:
670:
648:
633:
616:
612:
602:
593:
580:
571:
565:
555:
519:
518:
493:
491:
486:
484:
476:Soviet Union
467:
455:
437:
431:
427:
415:
413:
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391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
372:
369:
361:
354:
336:
289:
271:
259:
239:
232:
194:(Poles) and
191:
181:
163:
141:
137:
125:
121:
117:
115:
48:
44:
43:
2654:Armeno-Tats
2571:Ural Swedes
2457:Macedonians
2452:Lithuanians
2289:Mingrelians
2165:Belarusians
2147:Cherkesogai
2010: [
1840:Chat Tatars
1336: [
1322: [
869:10138/19635
809:27 December
768:27 December
524:Arkhangelsk
502:Lake Ladoga
252:Harionenses
212:Ilmen Slavs
200:Kievan Rus'
154:Lake Ladoga
150:vainolainen
130:wood grouse
88:to several
3057:Categories
3002:Varangians
2957:Miklagarðr
2938:Bjarmaland
2903:Pallteskja
2614:Vietnamese
2599:Ukrainians
2527:Ruska Roma
2501:Pakistanis
2487:Norwegians
2444:Latgalians
2354:Hungarians
2315:Mennonites
2180:Bulgarians
2063:Tabasarans
1580:Kamchadals
1526:Indigenous
1295:Izhma Komi
1241:Kabardians
1053:2017-04-12
1005:26 January
975:26 January
547:References
472:Winter War
439:chukhonets
395:Pathfinder
381:'odd'; or
276:Mordovians
244:Sackalians
242:(probably
216:Varangians
188:Baltic Sea
38:Kievan Rus
2984:Smaleskja
2944:Khortitsa
2922:Kænugarðr
2916:Chernigov
2851:Hólmgarðr
2800:Names in
2792:Garðaríki
2745:Pumpokols
2740:Meshchera
2560:Spaniards
2535:Romanians
2467:Moldovans
2414:Krymchaks
2349:Hamshenis
2268:Adjarians
2262:Georgians
2210:Estonians
2155:Assyrians
2141:Armenians
2131:Americans
2096:Besermyan
2007:Kubachins
1949:Chamalals
1934:Bagvalals
1803:Kumandins
1732:Hamnigans
1688:Izhorians
1680:Northwest
1650:Nganasans
1642:Khandeyar
1537:Far North
1508:Nağaybäks
1494:Kryashens
1390:Ossetians
1382:Khandeyar
1256:Karelians
1251:Karachays
1151:Telengits
1123:Natukhajs
691:162346917
625:0036-0341
596:: 87–104.
448:Estonians
345:substrate
341:White Sea
329:hydronyms
264:Chud Lake
260:Chudskoye
248:Oeselians
166:Estonians
112:Etymology
3042:Blakumen
3007:Kylfings
2989:Súrdalar
2979:Særkland
2909:Gnezdovo
2864:Timerevo
2845:Duboviki
2834:Aldeigja
2694:Sireniki
2635:Africans
2584:Turkmens
2555:Slovenes
2511:Persians
2438:Latvians
2369:Japanese
2364:Italians
2170:Bosniaks
2078:Tsakhurs
2050:Karagash
2043:Ak Nogai
1974:Khwarshi
1954:Godoberi
1944:Botlikhs
1919:Akhvakhs
1891:Dagestan
1881:Tofalars
1798:Kamasins
1750:Negidals
1718:Far East
1703:Vepsians
1665:Yukaghir
1605:Alyutors
1575:Itelmens
1550:Chukchis
1417:Cossacks
1411:Russians
1355:Mordvins
1211:Besleney
1205:Cherkess
1181:Chechens
1171:Bashkirs
1158:Tubalars
1144:Chelkans
1138:Altaians
1130:Shapsugs
1116:Bzhedugs
728:(1898).
641:(1911).
530:See also
362:Russian
312:toponymy
300:Vepsians
286:Identity
274:between
204:Krivichs
126:Teutonic
3037:Khazars
3032:Bulgars
2967:Rostofa
2962:Móramar
2871:Balymer
2857:Sarskoe
2839:Álaborg
2828:Lyubsha
2815:Volkhov
2802:italics
2710:Agrzhan
2689:Qaratay
2679:Korlaks
2619:Yazidis
2609:Uyghurs
2550:Slovaks
2506:Pamiris
2425:Kurmanj
2393:Koreans
2379:Kazakhs
2359:Indians
2309:Germans
2275:Ingiloy
2205:Dungans
2175:Britons
2126:Afghans
2032:Lezgins
2000:Kaitags
1994:Dargins
1969:Karatas
1964:Hunzibs
1959:Hinukhs
1939:Bezhtas
1899:Abazins
1876:Teleuts
1790:Siberia
1708:Votians
1655:Selkups
1600:Koryaks
1565:Dolgans
1560:Chuvans
1555:Chulyms
1528:peoples
1469:Udmurts
1361:Mokshas
1274:Abugach
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1200:Chuvash
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1100:Titular
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3012:Chudes
2730:Muroma
2664:Buzava
2604:Uzbeks
2579:Tajiks
2565:Swedes
2540:Rusyns
2433:Kyrgyz
2330:Greeks
2257:Gagauz
2252:French
2200:Czechs
2195:Cubans
2121:Abkhaz
2068:Talysh
2058:Rutuls
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1979:Tindis
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1904:Aghuls
1822:Soyots
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1726:Evenks
1670:Yupiks
1636:Nenets
1631:Naukan
1618:Karaga
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2589:Turks
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2516:Poles
2482:Mugat
2419:Kurds
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2296:Svans
2224:Finns
2216:Setos
2136:Arabs
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1914:Avars
1808:Shors
1780:Ulchs
1775:Udege
1765:Oroks
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1660:Yughs
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