108:. Cirrha was built subsequently at the head of the gulf, and rose into a town from being the port of Crissa. This is in accordance with what we find in the history of other Grecian states. The original town is built upon a height at some distance from the sea, to secure it against hostile attacks, especially by sea; but in course of time, when property has become more secure, and the town itself has grown in power, a second place springs up on that part of the coast which had served previously as the port of the inland town. This was undoubtedly the origin of Cirrha, which was situated at the mouth of the river
199:. On the western side it extended as far north as Amphissa, which was situated at the head of that part of the plain. This plain, as lying between Crissa and Cirrha, might be called either the Crissaean or Cirrhaean, and is sometimes so designated by the ancient writers; but, properly speaking, there appears to have been a distinction between the two plains. The Cirrhaean plain was the small plain near the town of Cirrha, extending from the sea as far as the modern village of
148:, and then allowed to resume its former course; but scarcely had the thirsty Crissaeans drank of the poisoned water, than they were so weakened by its purgative effects that they could no longer defend their walls. This account sounds like a romance; but it is a curious circumstance that near the ruins of Cirrha there is a salt spring having a purgative effect like the hellebore of the ancients.
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grew into the town of Delphi, which claimed to be independent of Crissa. Thus Crissa declined, as Cirrha and Delphi rose in importance. The power of Cirrha excited the jealousy of the
Delphians, more especially as the inhabitants of the former city commanded the approach to the temple by sea.
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Cirrha was thus destroyed; but the fate of Crissa is uncertain. It is not improbable that Crissa had sunk into insignificance before this war, and that some of its inhabitants had settled at Delphi, and others at Cirrha. At all events, it is certain that Cirrha was the town against which the
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after the destruction of Cirrha. The name of the
Crissaean plain in its more extended sense might include the Cirrhaean, so that the latter may be regarded as a part of the former. The boundaries of the land dedicated to the god were inscribed on one of the walls of the Delphian temple.
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Moreover, the
Cirrhaeans levied exorbitant tolls upon the pilgrims who landed at the town upon their way to Delphi, and were said to have maltreated Phocian women on their return from the temple. In consequence of these outrages, the
223:. As of the mid-19th century, the remains of walls, enclosing a quadrangular space about a mile (1.6 km) in circuit, could be traced; and both within and without this space are the foundations of many large and small buildings.
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the
Stadium also. The Hippodrome always remained in the maritime plain; but at a later time the Stadium was removed to Delphi. Cirrha remained in ruins, and the Cirrhaean plain continued uncultivated down to the time of
203:, where it is divided by two projecting rocks from the larger and more fertile Crissaean plain, which stretches as far as Crissa and Amphissa. The small Cirrhaean plain on the coast was the one dedicated to
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140:, and curses imprecated upon any one who should till or dwell in it. Cirrha is said to have been taken by a stratagem which is ascribed by some to
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Between Crissa and Cirrha was a fertile plain, bounded on the north by
Parnassus, on the east by Cirphis, and on the west by the mountains of the
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was more ancient than Cirrha, and was situated inland a little southwest of Delphi, at the southern end of a projecting spur of
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169:, when the Amphissians dared to cultivate again the sacred plain, and attempted to rebuild the ruined town. This led to the
136:) and succeeded in taking the city, which was razed to the ground, and the plain in its neighbourhood dedicated to
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vengeance of the
Amphictyons was directed. The spoils of Cirrha were employed by the Amphictyons in founding the
144:. The town was supplied with water by a canal from the river Pleistus. This canal was turned off, filled with
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506:; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via
451:; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via
358:; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via
328:; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via
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In course of time the sea-port town of Cirrha increased at the expense of Crissa; and the sanctuary of
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was taken by Philip, to whom the
Amphictyons had entrusted the conduct of the war, in 338 BCE.
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The site of ancient Cirrha is identified at a hill called
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erroneously supposes that Cirrha was a later name of the
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75:on the coast, which served as the harbour of
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248:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
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245:, ed. (1854–1857). "Crissa".
16:Ancient Greek town in Phocis
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215:near the modern village of
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100:. Crissa gave name to the
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302:]. Vol. 42.15.
21:Cirrha (disambiguation)
586:. Vol. ix. p.419.
420:. Vol. ix. p.418.
382:. Vol. ix. p.418.
251:. London: John Murray.
500:Description of Greece
445:Description of Greece
352:Description of Greece
322:Description of Greece
295:Ab urbe condita Libri
112:, and at the foot of
163:Philip II of Macedon
213:Magoula Xeropigadas
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44:38.4296°N 22.4455°E
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527:11.20, 73.
256:References
201:Xeropegado
35:22°26′44″E
32:38°25′47″N
563:Histories
558:Herodotus
492:Pausanias
474:Frontinus
466:Polyaenus
437:Pausanias
397:Aeschin.
344:Pausanias
314:Pausanias
146:hellebore
81:Pausanias
538:Polybius
494:(1918).
439:(1918).
346:(1918).
316:(1918).
270:Polybius
182:Polybius
175:Amphissa
110:Pleistus
472:, 3.6;
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186:Artemis
106:Chrisso
85:Homeric
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578:Strabo
521:Pindar
496:"37.4"
481:3.7.6.
441:"37.7"
412:Strabo
374:Strabo
318:"37.5"
205:Apollo
188:, and
158:Pindar
138:Apollo
94:Crissa
88:Crissa
77:Delphi
57:Cirrha
525:Pyth.
348:"8.8"
298:[
217:Kirra
142:Solon
121:Pytho
69:Κίρρα
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633:ISBN
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