898:
in the collection and disposal of waste and to make further provision in relation to such waste; to restate the law defining statutory nuisances and improve the summary procedures for dealing with them, to provide for the termination of the existing controls over offensive trades or businesses and to provide for the extension of the Clean Air Acts to prescribed gases; to amend the law relating to litter and make further provision imposing or conferring powers to impose duties to keep public places clear of litter and clean; to make provision conferring powers in relation to trolleys abandoned on land in the open air; to amend the
Radioactive Substances Act 1960; to make provision for the control of genetically modified organisms; to make provision for the abolition of the Nature Conservancy Council and for the creation of councils to replace it and discharge the functions of that Council and, as respects Wales, of the Countryside Commission; to make further provision for the control of the importation, exportation, use, supply or storage of prescribed substances and articles and the importation or exportation of prescribed descriptions of waste; to confer powers to obtain information about potentially hazardous substances; to amend the law relating to the control of hazardous substances on, over or under land; to amend section 107(6) of the Water Act 1989 and sections 31(7)(a), 31A(2)(c)(i) and 32(7)(a) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974; to amend the provisions of the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 as regards the dumping of waste at sea; to make further provision as respects the prevention of oil pollution from ships; to make provision for and in connection with the identification and control of dogs; to confer powers to control the burning of crop residues; to make provision in relation to financial or other assistance for purposes connected with the environment; to make provision as respects superannuation of employees of the Groundwork Foundation and for remunerating the chairman of the Inland Waterways Amenity Advisory Council; and for purposes connected with those purposes.
586:(abbreviated "s.", plural "ss."). Each section has a distinct number, in continual sequence from "s. 1" (section one) onwards. If a section is subdivided or has subordinate elements, then these are known as subsections, each of which has a bracketed number; e.g., "s. 1(4)" is subsection 4 of section 1. Subsections are subdivided in turn into paragraphs, which are identified by an italicised letter; e.g., "s. 1(4)(
475:, the body which oversees SI drafting, noted that the correct way to cite these regulations would have been, "the Regulations made by the Secretary of State under section 7 of the Cremation Act 1902 and section 10 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1926 and dated 28th October 1930". This longer form of citation was used when the 1930 regulations were revoked by schedule 2 to the
569:, with the numbering resuming from "No. 1" at the start of each calendar year. The numbering mirrors that used for the UK's main series of SIs; thus the Prohibition of Traffic (Ardoyne, Belfast) Order (Northern Ireland) 2011 is cited as "SR 2011 No. 270". Previously this type of secondary legislation was numbered as "Statutory Rules and Orders (Northern Ireland)".
286:. The system of citation of Northern Ireland Acts of Parliament is almost identical to that for the Westminster Parliament, except that the change to numbering by calendar year happened earlier (starting in 1943), and that Northern Ireland Acts are cited in Westminster legislation with "(N.I.)" appended to the chapter number.
235:. Acts passed by each of these parliaments, except for the Parliament of Scotland, are cited in the same way as pre-1963 Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; i.e., by parliamentary session and chapter number. Acts passed by the Parliament of Scotland are cited by calendar year and chapter number.
897:
An Act to make provision for the improved control of pollution arising from certain industrial and other processes; to re-enact the provisions of the
Control of Pollution Act 1974 relating to waste on land with modifications as respects the functions of the regulatory and other authorities concerned
541:. Each of these is numbered as part of the sequence of UK SIs but is also numbered separately as part of a "W." series, with the numbering resuming from "W. 1" at the start of each calendar year. Thus, the Isle of Anglesey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 2012 is cited as "SI 2012 No. 2676 (W. 290)" ("
555:
Statutory instruments made by Order in
Council as primary legislation for Northern Ireland are numbered as part of the main UK series of SIs, but are also numbered separately as part of an "NI" series, with the numbering resuming from "NI 1" at the start of each calendar year. Legislation passed by
455:
The annual volumes of SIs before 1961, and all those for SR&Os, were organised by subject matter rather than by instrument number. This means that these instruments should ideally be cited by both number and page reference; thus the full citation for the
Trinidad and Tobago (Constitution) Order
436:
is cited as "SI 1998 No. 1126", or more simply as "SI 1998/1126". Commencement orders are also numbered separately as part of a "C." sub-series; this number is appended to the main number. Statutory
Instruments relating to Scotland were similarly numbered as part of an "S." sub-series until the
238:
Acts of the last session of the
Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". The numbering runs straight through, effectively merging the sessions: that is, the numbers for the Parliament of Great Britain's Acts continue
643:
The terminology used for the equivalent in secondary legislation of sections of an Act of
Parliament depends upon the particular type of instrument; however, the numbering system follows the same pattern. A comparison of terms and abbreviations is shown in the table below.
193:
Short titles were only introduced in the middle of the nineteenth century, and it was only by the late 1890s that every individual Act of
Parliament had one. Some earlier Acts that originally lacked a short title were given one by later legislation, most notably by the
615:
When an amendment to an Act requires the insertion of a new section part of the way through a numerical sequence, then sequential capital letters are used following the appropriate number; thus, a new section inserted between s. 1 and s. 2 will be numbered "s. 1A".
432:). Most individual SIs have what is generally referred to as a "short title" (despite none having a "long title"). Each SI is centrally registered and issued with a number; the numbering resumes from "1" at the start of each calendar year. Thus, the
501:). Each of these is separately numbered, with the numbering resuming from "No. 1" at the start of each calendar year; thus the Radioactive Substances Exemption (Scotland) Order 2011 is cited as "SSI 2011 No. 147", or more simply as SSI 2011/147.
463:
are also printed in appendices to the annual volumes of SIs. These instruments are not numbered, and are thus cited by page number only; e.g., the Fiji (Appeal to Privy
Council) Order in Council 1950 is cited as "SI 1950 Vol. II p. 1555".
449:
995:
Cairns, Pugh and Mustoe; assisted by
Holland. "Citation" in "Statutes". Chitty (ed). The English and Empire Digest. Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Limited. London. 1929. Volume 42. Part 10. Section 2. Page 779. Numbers 2090 to
202:
in 1922, an Act may have a different short title in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland because of the different legislation passed in the two states. Older Acts may also have a "conventional" short title, such as
242:
Some individual Acts from these parliaments have more than one citation, depending on the edition in which the Act is printed. Modern practice for the Parliaments of England and Great Britain is to follow the citations used in
433:
806:
Where an Act cites another Act by year, statute, session or chapter, or a section or other portion of another Act by number or letter, the reference shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be read as referring-
116:. The first public general Act passed in a year is "c. 1", the second is "c. 2", and so on; the first local Act of a year is "c. i", the second is "c. ii", and so on; while the first personal Act of a year is "c.
290:
294:
81:". The long title is more comprehensive in scope, providing a sometimes very detailed description of the Act's provisions that is too unwieldy for convenient citation; for example, the long title of the
652:
The naming and citation of provisions included in a schedule is the same across all forms of legislation as the system used for Westminster legislation, and has therefore been omitted from this table.
251:
412:(formerly the Church Assembly) follow the numbering conventions used for Westminster legislation, except that each Measure has a "Number" rather than a chapter number. For example, the
537:
143:. c. 40", meaning the 40th Act passed during the session that started in the 10th year of the reign of Elizabeth II and which finished in the 11th year of that reign. The
413:
944:
Owen Hood Phillips. "Citation" in "Statutes". A First Book of English Law. Fourth Edition. Sweet & Maxwell Limited. New Fetter Lane, London. 1960. Pages 98 to 101.
371:
448:
in place from 1894 to 1947 was less comprehensive. However, those instruments centrally registered and issued with a number follow the same pattern; thus the
424:
With the exception of Northern Ireland secondary legislation, each piece of secondary legislation made in the United Kingdom since 1948 has been numbered as a
289:
There is a difference in naming convention between Acts passed in Northern Ireland and Acts passed at Westminster but relating to Northern Ireland. Thus, the
100:
94:
467:
Older secondary legislation frequently lacks a short title. An example of an incorrect citation as a result of this can be found in regulation 3 of the
328:
947:
Theodore F T Plucknett. "The Citation of Statutes". A Concise History of the Common Law. Fifth Edition. 1956. Reprinted. Lawbook Exchange. 2001. Pages
128:
1109:
Woods, G D. "A Note on Citations of Statutes". A History of Criminal Law in New South Wales: The Colonial Period, 1788–1900. Federation Press. 2002.
911:
858:
1097:
Denman. "Citing Statutes". A Digest of the Law, Practice and Procedure Relating to Indictable Offences. Sweet and Maxwell. 1912. pp 108 & 109.
1067:
Webb, Maughan, Maughan, Keppel-Palmer and Boon. "Citing Legislation". Lawyers' Skills. Oxford University Press. 20th Ed. 2015. Section 5.8.1.1. pp
619:
The terminology for the structure of Acts and Measures of the devolved parliaments and assemblies follows that used for Westminster legislation.
1085:
Hanson, Kliem and Waters. "How to understand citations for domestic legislation". Learning Legal Skills and Reasoning. 5th Ed. Routledge. 2022.
1006:
Cheney (ed). A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History. New Edition. Revised by Jones. Cambridge University Press. 2000. Pages
391:
339:
954:
Craies and Hardcastle. "Citation". Treatise on the Construction and Effect of Statute Law. 2nd Ed. 1892. Chapter 3. Section 6. Pages
635:, rather than as a section. For Scottish legislation, the term "section" is used for Bills as for Acts of the Scottish Parliament.
472:
924:
C T Carr. "Citation of Statutes: The Mansfield Park Standard". Cambridge Legal Essays. W Heffer & Sons. 1926. Pages 71 to 81.
1078:
Elkington, Holtam, Shield and Verlander. "How do I cite Legislation?". Skills for Lawyers 2021/2022. CLP Legal Practice Guides.
1060:
Peter Butt. "Citation of Legislation". The Lawyer's Style Guide: A Student and Practitioner Guide. Hart Publishing. 2021. Pages
1209:
1141:
975:
Colquhoun. "Citation of Statutes". Finding the Law: A Handbook for Scots Lawyers. T & T Clark. 1999. Chapter 5.3. Page 52.
409:
383:
363:
215:
The Parliament of the United Kingdom came into being on 1 January 1801; before that date, legislation was passed either by the
1053:
Peter Meijes Tiersma. Parchment, Paper, Pixels: Law and the Technologies of Communication. University of Chicago Press. 2010.
1116:"2.0 Legislation" in "United Kingdom". Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citation. 2nd Ed. Aspen Publishing. 2009.
565:
351:
1286:
1251:
830:
82:
270:
All legislation passed by the various devolved parliaments and assemblies has both a short title and a long title.
51:
1173:
812:
319:
39:
279:
1224:
493:
224:
78:
262:
Only a small number of Acts passed by these parliaments have been given a short title by later legislation.
1090:
Askey and McLeod. "Citing statutes". Studying Law. Macmillan Study Skills. Red Globe Press. 2014. 2019. pp
255:(both of which are considered legally authoritative). These latter citations are also used in the official
343:
216:
1013:
Byron D Cooper, "Anglo-American Legal Citation: Historical Development and Library Implications" (1982)
818:(b) in the case of Acts not so included but included in the edition prepared under the direction of the
918:
560:
917:
George Chowdharay-Best, "The Citation of Acts of Parliament" (2000) 21 Statute Law Review 126 to 141.
612:. A "Part" may in turn be subdivided into "chapters". Other groupings are occasionally found as well.
608:
The sections within a lengthy or complex Act are sometimes grouped together for convenience to form a
840:
306:
245:
793:
520:
297:
is an Act passed at Westminster (note the different placement of "(Northern Ireland)" in the two).
183:
1281:
1228:. Vol. 44 (Fourth ed.). London: Butterworths. 1995. Note 5 to paragraph 1255, page 743.
1102:
Watt and Johns. Concise Legal Research. 6th Ed. Federation Press. 2009. Chapter 1. Section 5(d).
799:
627:
During its passage through the Westminster Parliament, each proposed enactment forming part of a
187:
1024:
Edgar Stewart Fay. Discoveries in the Statute-Book. Sweet & Maxwell. 1939. pp 62 & 63.
873:
232:
31:
1117:
1086:
1079:
1061:
1054:
1007:
948:
938:
1177:
1110:
1103:
1091:
1072:
1068:
955:
228:
220:
195:
136:
27:
1034:
Derek J Way. The Student's Guide to Law Libraries. Oyez Publications. 1967. Pages 15 to 17.
853:
8:
1155:
1039:
D J Way, "The Lawyer in the Library: A Short Account of English Legal Literature" (1961)
628:
488:
199:
171:
77:. A short title provides a convenient name for referring to an individual Act, such as "
1204:
1199:
1136:
826:
140:
1131:
1018:
878:
476:
104:, and cited accordingly. Each Act within each series is numbered sequentially with a
819:
515:
471:(SI 2006/92). Reference is made to "the Regulations as to Cremation (1930)", but the
572:
34:. It is relatively complex both due to the different sources of legislation in the
532:
510:
505:
166:
Earlier practice was to specify the parliamentary session by the year in which it
1098:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1014:
1000:
989:
982:
976:
969:
962:
931:
925:
601:
In schedules to an Act of Parliament, each distinct numbered element is called a
179:
156:
794:
Interpretation of citations by year, statute, session, chapter, number or letter
590:)". Subparagraphs are identified with lower-case Roman numerals; e.g., "s. 1(4)(
468:
556:
the Northern Ireland Assembly cites these instruments by the "NI" number only.
204:
170:
only – and sometimes to date its Acts accordingly. So, for example, the
160:
144:
35:
366:
of the National Assembly for Wales (2012–2020) are cited by calendar year and
1275:
1266:
1243:
981:"Proof and Citation of Statutes". Halsbury's Laws of England. 3rd Ed. 1952.
223:. Similarly, the Parliament of Great Britain came into being on 1 May 1707 (
595:
109:
132:
73:
1171:
112:. Since 1 January 1963, chapter numbers in each series are organised by
1254:. November 2006. p. 23–24 (s. 2.7) and 25–28 (s. 2.11)
930:
Carr. "The Present Method of Citation of Statutes". Reviewed at (1926)
605:(abbreviated "para."), which is subdivided in turn into subparagraphs.
67:
23:
456:
in Council 1950 would be "SI 1950 No. 510 (SI 1950 Vol. II p. 1156)".
550:
175:
1132:"Acts of Parliament Numbering and Citation Act 1962: Section 1"
961:
Dane and Thomas. "Citation of Statutes". How to Use a Law Library.
866:
582:
Each distinct "enactment" within an Act of Parliament is called a
182:
began in 1640. In consequence the Act is often referred to as the
937:
B, "Correct Mode of Describing a Statute" (1842) 6(2) The Jurist
573:
Citation of specific provisions within an act or other instrument
387:
367:
347:
324:
273:
265:
419:
1174:"Twentieth Report of Session 2005–06 (HL 139, HC 35-xx)"
139:
was held; thus the Jamaica Independence Act 1962 is cited as "
403:
45:
174:
was passed by the session 16 Cha. 1 in 1642 and is cited as
968:
Moys. "Citation of statutes". Manual of Law Librarianship.
437:
series of Scottish statutory instruments began (for which,
386:
of the Senedd Cymru (2020–) are cited by calendar year and
334:
239:
unbroken from the numbers for the Parliament of England's.
1172:
Joint Committee on Statutory Instruments (14 March 2006).
227:); before that date, legislation was passed either by the
965:. Sweet & Maxwell. 1979. Section 3-3. Page 44 et seq.
838:
Section 19(1)(b) refers to the edition commonly known as
372:
National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012
300:
450:
Trinidad and Tobago (Constitution) Order in Council 1950
1043:
Library Association Record 236 at 237 (No 7, July 1961)
1017:
Law Library Journal 3 at 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 17 and 28.
434:
Northern Ireland Negotiations (Referendum) Order 1998
249:, while for Scotland the citations used are those in
22:
includes the systems used for legislation passed by
1244:"Statutory Instrument Practice – 4th edition"
438:
329:
Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000
312:
825:(c) in any other case, to the Acts printed by the
551:Statutory instruments relating to Northern Ireland
129:Acts of Parliament Numbering and Citation Act 1962
1027:Glanville William. "Statutes". Learning the Law.
912:Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities
859:Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities
482:
1273:
108:, identifying it as a chapter of the (notional)
38:, and because of the different histories of the
829:, or under the superintendence or authority of
523:are numbered as Scottish statutory instrument.
346:(2003–2011) are cited by calendar year and the
309:are cited by calendar year and chapter number.
278:Each piece of legislation passed by the former
163:, although historically this was not the case.
1050:The Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 181
988:Halsbury's Statutes of England. 2nd Ed. 1950.
526:
477:Cremation (England and Wales) Regulations 2008
291:Criminal Evidence Act (Northern Ireland) 1923
274:Parliament of Northern Ireland (1921 to 1972)
266:Primary legislation passed by devolved bodies
131:are not by calendar year, but instead by the
420:Citation of secondary legislation as a whole
542:
395:
375:
355:
295:Criminal Appeal (Northern Ireland) Act 1930
127:Chapter numbers for Acts passed before the
88:Acts are today split between three series,
40:constituent countries of the United Kingdom
1157:Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954
404:Church of England legislation (since 1920)
392:Wild Animals and Circuses (Wales) Act 2020
46:Citation of primary legislation as a whole
1200:"Interpretation Act 1978: Section 19"
914:. Fourth Edition. Hart Publishing. 2012.
811:(a) in the case of Acts included in any
638:
563:is numbered sequentially as part of the
473:Joint Committee on Statutory Instruments
335:National Assembly for Wales (since 1999)
124:", and so on (note the use of italics).
50:Each piece of legislation passed by the
1165:
252:The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
210:
1274:
874:Case citation § England and Wales
815:printed by authority, to that edition;
622:
577:
469:Cremation (Amendment) Regulations 2006
416:is cited as "6 & 7 Geo. 6 No. 1".
410:General Synod of the Church of England
301:Northern Ireland Assembly (since 1999)
293:is an Act passed at Stormont, but the
198:; also, since the independence of the
186:: despite being passed in response to
20:Citation of United Kingdom legislation
647:
61:Each modern Act of Parliament has a
16:Sources of Law in the United Kingdom
720:Order made by a Secretary of State
566:statutory rules of Northern Ireland
531:A statutory instrument made by the
487:A statutory instrument made by the
352:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011
257:Chronological Table of the Statutes
24:devolved parliaments and assemblies
13:
559:Secondary legislation made by the
452:is numbered as "SI 1950 No. 510".
323:is cited by calendar year and the
14:
1298:
1267:Screencast introduction to OSCOLA
1236:
83:Environmental Protection Act 1990
1031:. Stevens. 1945. pp 30 & 32.
1003:The Law Times 568 (25 June 1927)
313:Scottish Parliament (since 1999)
282:(Stormont) was also known as an
52:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1252:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
831:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
813:revised edition of the statutes
54:("Westminster") is known as an
1216:
1192:
1148:
1124:
951:and 327. See further page 423.
891:
483:Scottish statutory instruments
327:"asp" number ; e.g., the
320:Act of the Scottish Parliament
280:Parliament of Northern Ireland
1:
985:. Section 5. Page 379 et seq.
905:
879:Case citation § Scotland
494:Scottish statutory instrument
79:Jamaica Independence Act 1962
1071:& 91. 21st Ed. 2017. pp
1046:"Books of the Month" (1964)
7:
847:
544:OS 2012 Rhif 2676 (Cy. 290)
527:Welsh statutory instruments
344:National Assembly for Wales
217:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
1303:
1225:Halsbury's Laws of England
661:Main division (1st level)
561:Northern Ireland Executive
538:Wales statutory instrument
446:statutory rules and orders
135:during which the relevant
1287:Law of the United Kingdom
1212:, 1978 c. 30 (s. 19)
841:The Statutes of the Realm
598:is not used in citation.
414:New Parishes Measure 1943
350:"nawm" number; e.g., the
307:Northern Ireland Assembly
246:The Statutes of the Realm
1144:, 1962 c. 34 (s. 1)
884:
870:, for American citations
667:Subdivision (3rd level)
664:Subdivision (2nd level)
521:High Court of Justiciary
370:"anaw" number; e.g. the
941:(No 273, 2 April 1842).
800:Interpretation Act 1978
461:prerogative instruments
408:Measures passed by the
390:"asc" number; e.g. the
32:prerogative instruments
1180:. p. 4 (para 1.2)
1160:, 1954 c. 33, s. 47(1)
836:
543:
396:
376:
356:
233:Parliament of Scotland
1210:The National Archives
1178:The Stationery Office
1142:The National Archives
804:
798:Section 19(1) of the
730:art. 1(1) or para. 1
706:art. 1(1) or para. 1
639:Secondary legislation
229:Parliament of England
221:Parliament of Ireland
196:Short Titles Act 1896
184:Adventurers' Act 1640
137:parliamentary session
120:", the second is "c.
85:is around 400 words.
28:secondary legislation
1019:Maurer School of Law
658:Type of legislation
426:statutory instrument
211:Historic legislation
133:year(s) of the reign
822:, to that edition;.
623:Parliamentary bills
578:Primary legislation
489:Scottish Government
374:is "2012 anaw 1" ("
354:is "2011 nawm 1" ("
305:Acts passed by the
141:10 & 11 Eliz. 2
90:public general Acts
1205:legislation.gov.uk
1137:legislation.gov.uk
854:Numbering of bills
394:is "2020 asc 2" ("
65:(also known as a "
820:Record Commission
791:
790:
696:Order in Council
648:Comparative table
516:Acts of Adjournal
331:is "2000 asp 5".
284:Act of Parliament
56:Act of Parliament
1294:
1263:
1261:
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533:Welsh Government
511:Court of Session
506:Acts of Sederunt
479:(SI 2008/2841).
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172:Adventurers' Act
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