947:
1115:
675:
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911:
1267:
1089:, and then the level reduced to about 150,000 per year until resuming to the 200,000 level beginning about 1980. In the mid-1990s to 2009, the levels rose to about 500,000 per year with considerable variation. In 1996, more than one million people became citizens through naturalization. In 1997, there were 1.41 million applications filed; in 2006, 1.38 million. The number of naturalized citizens in the United States rose from 6.5 million in the mid-1990s to 11 million in 2002. By 2003, the pool of immigrants eligible to become naturalized citizens was 8 million, and of these, 2.7 million lived in
586:. It is possible for a United States citizen to have dual citizenship; this can be achieved in various ways, such as by birth in the United States to a parent who is a citizen of a foreign country (or in certain circumstances the foreign nationality may be transmitted even by a grandparent) by birth in another country to a parent(s) who is/are a United States citizen/s, or by having parents who are citizens of different countries. Anyone who becomes a naturalized United States citizen is required to renounce any prior "allegiance" to other countries during the naturalization ceremony.
1144:
565:
338:
212:
1645:
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American democracy, such as freedom". One reviewer described the new citizenship test as "thoughtful". While some have criticized the new version of the test, officials counter that the new test is a "teachable moment" without making it conceptually more difficult, since the list of possible questions and answers, as before, will be publicly available. Six correct answers constitute a passing grade. The new test probes for signs that immigrants "understand and share
American values".
40:
1085:, "citizenship is a very, very valuable commodity". However, one study suggested legal residents eligible for citizenship, but who don't apply, tend to have low incomes (41%), do not speak English well (60%), or have low levels of education (25%). There is strong demand for citizenship based on the number of applications filed. From 1920 to 1940, the number of immigrants to the United States who became citizens numbered about 200,000 each year; there was a spike after
1659:
1585:, between five and six thousand relinquished citizenship each year in 2015 and 2016. United States nationality law treats people who performs potentially-expatriating acts with intent to give up United States citizenship as ceasing to be United States citizens from the moment of the act, but United States tax law since 2004 treats such individuals as though they remain United States citizens until they notify the State Department and apply for a
326:
1353:(on or after November 4, 1986) have United States citizenship at birth, as Congress has granted this status by law. People born in the Northern Mariana Islands before November 4, 1986, automatically gained U.S. citizenship on that date, but they could choose to give up U.S. citizenship and become non-citizen U.S. nationals within 6 months after the later of November 4, 1986, and the date they turned 18 years old.
843:'s long-standing interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment regardless of the citizenship or immigration status of their parents. The amendment states: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." There remains dispute as to who is "subject to the jurisdiction" of the United States at birth.
514:. There is no requirement to attend town meetings, belong to a political party, or vote in elections. However, a benefit of naturalization is the ability to "participate fully in the civic life of the country". Moreover, to be a citizen means to be vitally important to politics and not ignored. There is disagreement about whether popular lack of involvement in politics is helpful or harmful.
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citizenship for illegal immigrants. Many carried banners which read "We Have A Dream Too". One estimate is that there were 12 million illegal immigrants in the United States in 2006. Many
American high school students have citizenship issues. In 2008, it was estimated that there were 65,000 illegal immigrant students. The number was less clear for post-secondary education. A 1982
1415:. Census data affects state electoral clout; it also affects budgetary allocations. Including non-citizens in Census counts also shifts political power to states that have large numbers of non-citizens due to the fact that reapportionment of congressional seats is based on Census data, and including non-citizens in the census is mandated by the United States Constitution.
1056:, Section 322 was amended to extend also to children who generally reside outside the United States with a United States citizen parent, whether biological or adopted. The child must be in the legal and physical custody of the United States citizen parent, the child and parent must be lawfully present in the United States for the interview, and the child must take the
666: (1967) declared that a United States citizen did not lose his citizenship by voting in an election in a foreign country, or by acquiring foreign citizenship, if they did not intend to lose United States citizenship. United States citizens who have dual citizenship do not lose their United States citizenship unless they renounce it officially.
249:. United States citizens have the right to enter and leave the United States freely. Certain non-citizens, such as permanent residents, have similar rights. Unlike permanent residents, United States citizens do not have an obligation to maintain residence in the United States – they can leave for any length of time and return freely at any time.
1593:
Department official assesses whether the person acted voluntarily, intended to abandon all rights of United States citizenship, and understands the consequences of their actions. The State
Department strongly recommends that Americans intending to relinquish citizenship have another citizenship, but will permit Americans to make themselves
416:. While traveling abroad, if a person is arrested or detained by foreign authorities, the person can request to speak to somebody from the United States Embassy or Consulate. Consular officials can provide resources for Americans incarcerated abroad, such as a list of local attorneys who speak English. The
1439:, the foreign born represented 20.1% of the state's population of 8,754,560; of these, 636,000 were eighteen or older and hence eligible to vote; of eligible voters, 396,000 actually voted, which was about 62%. So foreign-born citizens vote in roughly the same proportion (62%) as native citizens (67%).
1038:
attempt to qualify more easily for United States citizenship ... But I think that service in the United States military has to be taken as a pretty serious commitment to the United States". By June 2003, twelve non-citizens had died while on active duty in the United States armed forces during the
886:
exist, and the relation is assumed to remain viable until death or until it is renounced or dissolved by some other legal process. Secondary schools ideally teach the basics of citizenship and create "informed and responsible citizens" who are "skilled in the arts of effective deliberation and action."
2794:
Lee Kuan Yew's offensive neo-authoritarianism ... is paternalistic, meritocratic, and decidedly undemocratic, has forged prosperity from abject poverty ... Doesn't liberation from filth and privation count as a human right? Jeffrey Sachs ... writes that 'good government' means relative
3985:
A set of flashcards designed to help applicants for United States citizenship learn basic civics has become one of the most popular items sold by the
Government Printing Office. But the US$ 8.50 flashcards — which contain questions and answers from the actual citizenship exam — won't help immigrants
3881:(USCIS) awarded the company a task order to conduct scanning, indexing and file management operations at a records digitization facility. The new agreement, which was signed during the company's fourth quarter fiscal year 2009, has a one-year performance period and a contract value of US$ 27 million.
1430:
of 1.1 million people who were granted citizenship from
September 1995 to September 1996 found 4,946 cases in which a criminal arrest should have disqualified an applicant or in which an applicant lied about his or her criminal history. Before the 2008 election, there was controversy about the speed
1037:
also become citizens more quickly. The option was not open to illegal immigrants. One analyst noted that "many immigrants, not yet citizens, have volunteered to serve in the United States military forces ... Some have been killed and others wounded ... Perhaps this can be seen as a cynical
611:
Under certain circumstances there are relevant distinctions between dual citizens who hold a "substantial contact" with a country, for example by holding a passport or by residing in the country for a certain period of time, and those who do not. For example, under the Heroes
Earnings Assistance and
4451:
The cost of becoming a United States citizen would more than double under a draft proposal by the
Clinton Administration, but the idea is drawing fire from advocates for immigrants. The Immigration and Naturalization Service has forwarded to the Justice Department a plan to raise a variety of fees,
2659:
Recipients of the award display exceptional accomplishments through professional achievements and leadership, civic participation, responsible citizenship, and demonstrate outstanding commitment to the United States while embodying the values and ideals that are inherent to this country, and within
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of the USCIS in processing applications; one report suggested that the agency would complete 930,000 applications in time for the newly processed citizens to vote in the
November 2008 election. Foreign-born naturalized citizens tend to vote at the same rates as natives. For example, in the state of
885:
and cannot vote, stand for, or hold public office. Upon the person's eighteenth birthday, they are considered to be full citizens, although no official ceremony takes place and no correspondence between the government and the new citizen occurs to acknowledge the relation. Citizenship is assumed to
547:
see benefits to non-involvement; he wrote "the very indifference of most people allows for a calm and healthy political climate". Kaplan elaborated: "Apathy, after all, often means that the political situation is healthy enough to be ignored. The last thing
America needs is more voters—particularly
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Then there are malls, with their own rules and security forces, as opposed to public streets; private health clubs as opposed to public playgrounds; incorporated suburbs with strict zoning; and other mundane aspects of daily existence in which—perhaps without realizing it, because the changes have
1601:
is imposed on some individuals relinquishing citizenship, but payment of the tax is not a legal prerequisite for relinquishing citizenship; rather, the tax and its associated forms are due on the normal tax due date of the year following relinquishment of citizenship. State
Department officials do
1483:
Generally, eligibility for citizenship is denied for the millions of people living in the United States illegally, although from time to time, there have been amnesties. In 2006, there were mass protests numbering hundreds of thousands of people throughout the United States demanding United States
640:
upon giving up United States citizenship and have lived in the United States for less than ten years in their lives, or who are dual citizens by birth residing in their other country of citizenship at the time of giving up United States citizenship and have lived in the United States for less than
4189:
I participated today in a panel at the Hudson Institute on dual citizenship. The subject was Hudson's John Fonte's paper lamenting dual citizenship and urging penalties for United States citizens who have foreign citizenship and exercise that citizenship by voting or running for office in foreign
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of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which grants U.S. citizenship at birth to people born in the United States. Hence, people born in an unincorporated territory of the United States are U.S. citizens at birth only if Congress has passed a citizenship statute for that territory;
1060:
before the age of 18 years (for those 14 years or older). The application (Form N-600K) may only be submitted by the United States citizen parent, or by the grandparent or legal guardian within 5 years of the parent's death. In 2006, there were 4,000 applications of citizenship using the physical
1019:
where United States forces are "stretched thin". One estimate was that in 2009 the US military had 29,000 foreign-born people currently serving who were not American citizens. In 2003, of 1.4 million service members, 37,000 active-duty members were not citizens, and of these, 20% had applied for
3553:
ABC News' Teddy Davis Reports: Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney backs an end to the policy known as chain migration but he has not yet reached a conclusion on the more controversial question of whether the United States should end birthright citizenship for children born in the United
2533:
It's been called 'the ultimate estate plan': moving to a desert island or other far-off locale to escape the clutches of the Internal Revenue Service. Indeed, hundreds of Americans do formally renounce their United States citizenship every year, many in order to protect their wealth from income,
1621:
A citizen does not lose United States citizenship when they perform such acts like seeking office in a foreign state. However, the higher office and more important role a citizen holds in a foreign government, the more limited the exercise of consular rights of United States citizenship will be:
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reported that "Mr. Darnell discovered that a 10-year-old conviction for domestic violence involving a former girlfriend, even though it had been reduced to a misdemeanor and erased from his public record, made him ineligible to become a citizen — or even to continue living in the United States".
937:
measures, then the agency could face a "welcome but overwhelming surge of Americans-in-waiting" and longer processing times for citizenship applications. The USCIS has made efforts to digitize records. A USCIS website allowed applicants to estimate the length of time required to process specific
1096:
Naturalization fees were US$ 60 in 1989; US$ 90 in 1991; US$ 95 in 1994; US$ 225 in 1999; US$ 260 in 2002; US$ 320 in 2003; US$ 330 in 2005. In 2007 application fees were increased from US$ 330 to US$ 595 and an additional US$ 80 computerized fingerprinting fee was added. The biometrics fee was
982:
sold flashcards for US$ 8.50 to help test-takers prepare for the test. In 2006, the government replaced the former trivia test with a ten-question oral test designed to "shun simple historical facts about America that can be recounted in a few words, for more explanation about the principles of
929:. It offers web-based services. The agency depends on application fees for revenue; in 2009, with a struggling economy, applications were down sharply, and consequently there was much less revenue to upgrade and streamline services. There was speculation that if the administration of president
4484:
Ellis had moved his Alexandria courtroom to Arlington National Cemetery to swear in immigrants from more than 30 countries as United States citizens, the first time a naturalization ceremony was held on the hallowed grounds in the cemetery's 144-year history. He wanted to impress upon the new
1000:
can also allow immigrant residents to become citizens. The military has had a tradition of "filling out its ranks" with aliens living in the United States. The financial and social benefits of citizenship can motivate persons to participate in potentially hazardous activities such as military
5333:
Although the term "criminal aliens" has no precise definition, its broadening use reflects a trend in dealing with immigrants. With the post-9/11 creation of DHS and its two agencies — Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) — a wide sector of aliens
3804:
To gain American citizenship, immigrants must be able to answer such questions as: What was the 49th state added to our Union? What color are the stars on our flag? And who wrote the Star Spangled Banner? Sound trivial? The US government thinks so, and plans to roll out a new pilot test this
1592:
Renunciation requires an oath to be sworn before a State Department officer and thus involves in-person attendance at an embassy or consulate, but applicants for CLNs on the basis of other potentially-expatriating acts must attend an in-person interview as well. During the interview, a State
1516:
criticized the crackdown against illegal immigrants since it "flooded the federal courts with nonviolent offenders, besieged poor communities, and dramatically increased the United States prison population, while doing little to solve the problem itself". Barry criticized the United States'
1278:
made a distinction between "citizenship" and "nationality" of the United States: all United States citizens are also United States nationals, but not all U.S. nationals are also U.S. citizens. Hence, it is possible for a person to be a national of the United States but not a U.S. citizen.
1210:
Sometimes, the government awarded non-citizen immigrants who died fighting for American forces with the posthumous title of United States citizen, but this is not considered honorary citizenship. In June 2003, Congress approved legislation to help families of fallen non-citizen soldiers.
778:
father, who had entered US territory before age 18 and lived in the United States for five years, to apply for United States citizenship for the first time. It also made the naturalization process quicker for American women's alien husbands. This law equalized expatriation, immigration,
1134:
in 2008. The judge who chose this venue explained: "I did it to honor our country's warriors and to give the new citizens a sense for what makes this country great". According to federal law, citizenship applicants who are also changing their names must appear before a federal judge.
1426:, in contrast, have exerted pressure to slow down the process. In 1997, there were efforts to strip the citizenship of 5,000 newly approved immigrants who, it was thought, had been "wrongly naturalized"; a legal effort to do this presented enormous challenges. An examination by the
4227:
A swelling number of Israelis are flying to the United States, armed with tattered United States high school diplomas and faded marriage certificates, to try to tap into an obscure clause in United States immigration law that enables some grandparents to pass citizenship to their
3843:
Reports this week that the United States citizenship agency was yet again struggling with a budget shortfall, and considering raising fees on the hopeful immigrants who are its main source of revenue, could have led any American to wonder what kind of beacon to the world we are
3128:
I want to summarize why I believe we are facing a real crisis. My reading showed me that there are 10 key steps that would-be despots always take when they are seeking to close down an open society or to crush a democracy movement, and we are seeing each of those in the US
402:
today, everyone except those whose income is derived from tax-exempt revenue (Subchapter N, Section 861 of the U.S. Tax Code) is required to file a federal income tax return. U.S. citizens are subject to federal income tax on worldwide income regardless of their country of
4968:
Happy Friday! Should the 2010 Census account for a person's citizenship status? At least two Republican lawmakers think so, arguing the forthcoming Congressional reapportionment should not be swayed by illegal immigrants, who whose numbers will give more seats to certain
1622:"Serving as a foreign head of state/government or foreign minister may affect the level of immunity from United States jurisdiction that a dual national may be afforded. All such cases should be referred to the Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for Consular Affairs".
5204:
A native of Poland, she has resided in the United States unlawfully for most of her 21 years. Unless federal immigration laws change and allow undocumented students like her to become legal residents, she won't be able to put her degree to use and work as an American
3667:
But teachers are quick to say that it takes more to produce a good citizen than using their 50-minute slices of a student's day for a week or two before the election to talk about the Presidential race. And convincing students that their ballots count is only part of
1361:
United States citizenship grants more privileges and rights than non-citizen United States nationality. For example, while non-citizen U.S. nationals can reside and work in the United States without restrictions, both they and foreign nationals and citizens are
1105:
and former Immigration and Naturalization Service Commissioner, doubted that fee increases deter citizenship-seekers. In 2009, the number of immigrants applying for citizenship plunged 62%; reasons cited were the slowing economy and the cost of naturalization.
267:
bars states from restricting citizens from voting on grounds of race, color, previous condition of servitude, sex, failure to pay any tax, or age (for citizens who are at least eighteen years old). Historically, many states and local jurisdictions have allowed
4154:
An easy assumption to make is that the men and women serving in our armed forces are American citizens. But that is not always the case. When the war broke out, and casualties started to mount, it was discovered that some who died were still waiting to become
3098:
Is America still America if millions of us no longer know how democracy works? When I speak on college campuses, I find that students are either baffled by democracy's workings or that they don't see any point in engaging in the democratic process. Sometimes
5054:
Immigration officials said on Friday that they expected to complete about 930,000 citizenship applications in the fiscal year ending September 30, reducing a huge backlog in a time frame that would allow many new citizens to register to vote in the November
5604:
1454:
regarding citizenship are highly technical and often confusing, and the agency is forced to cope with enforcement within a complex regulatory milieu. There have been instances in which applicants for citizenship have been deported on technicalities. One
1243:, a competitor of Virgin America, asked for a review of the situation, suggesting that Virgin violated a provision of United States law requiring "foreign ownership in a United States air carrier limited to 25% of the voting interest in the carrier".
2624:
The number of legal immigrants seeking to become United States citizens is surging, officials say, prompted by imminent increases in fees to process naturalization applications, citizenship drives across the country and new feelings of insecurity among
1097:
increased to US$ 85 in 2010. On December 23, 2014, the application fees were increased again from US$ 595 to US$ 640. The high fees have been criticized as putting up one more wall to citizenship. Increases in fees for citizenship have drawn criticism.
353:
may be considered the "sole differential obligation" between non-citizens and citizens; the federal and state courts "uniformly exclude non-citizens from jury pools today, and with the exception of a few states in the past, this has always been the
1052:(INA), added in 1994, enabled children of a United States citizen who did not become citizens at birth, to use the physical presence period in the United States of a grandparent who was a citizen to qualify for United States citizenship. Under the
4319:
The number of immigrants applying to become United States citizens plunged 62% last year as the cost of naturalization rose and the economy soured, according to an analysis released Friday by the National Council of La Raza, a Latino advocacy
3909:
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is committed to offering the best possible service to you, our customer. With our focus on customer service, we offer you a variety of services both before and after you file your
692:
town hall meetings. Men met regularly to discuss local affairs and make decisions. These town meetings were described as the "earliest form of American democracy" which was vital since citizen participation in public affairs helped keep
4111:
Stretched thin in Afghanistan and Iraq, the American military will begin recruiting skilled immigrants who are living in this country with temporary visas, offering them the chance to become United States citizens in as little as six
946:
889:
Americans who live in foreign countries and become members of other governments have, in some instances, been stripped of citizenship, although there have been court cases where decisions regarding citizenship have been reversed.
877:
A child of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five is considered a US citizen unless and until it is proven, before that child reaches the age of twenty-two, the child had not been born in the US.
5250:
1373:
if they want to become U.S. citizens. In order to be naturalized, non-citizen U.S. nationals must meet similar requirements to foreign nationals, meaning non-citizen nationals must pay a US$ 640 fee (as of May 29, 2023), pass a
5959:
838:
in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction as citizens. All babies born in the United States—except those born to enemy aliens in wartime or the children of foreign diplomats—enjoy United States citizenship under the
4706:
2021) ("Such consideration properly falls under the purview of Congress, a point on which we fully agree with the concurrence. These circumstances advise against the extension of birthright citizenship to American Samoa. We
4930:
The battle over voting rights will expand this week as lawmakers in Missouri are expected to support a proposed constitutional amendment to enable election officials to require proof of citizenship from anyone registering to
1470:
Overworked federal examiners under pressure to make "quick decisions" as well as "weed out security risks" have been described as preferring "to err on the side of rejection". In 2000, 399,670 applications were denied (about
1386:
The United States passport issued to non-citizen nationals of the United States contains the endorsement code 9 which states: "The bearer is a United States national and not a United States citizen" on the annotations page.
3068:
A few years ago, in an influential book called Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam, a professor of public policy at Harvard, warned of the decline in civic engagement, the loss of social capital that keeps neighborhoods and towns
1366:, although there is no constitutional prohibition against their doing so. By statute law, most non-citizen U.S. nationals pass their U.S. nationality to children born outside the United States, similarly to U.S. citizens.
1093:. In 2003, the number of new citizens from naturalization was 463,204. In 2007, the number was 702,589. In 2007, 1.38 million people applied for citizenship creating a backlog. In 2008, applications decreased to 525,786.
426:. Several types of immigrant visas require that the person requesting the visa be directly related to a United States citizen. Having United States citizenship facilitates the granting of IR and F visas to family members.
1403:
advocated legislation requiring illegal immigrants to first leave the country before being eligible to apply as citizens. Some measures to require proof of citizenship upon registering to vote have met with controversy.
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to eliminate the three-year waiting period and made service personnel immediately eligible for citizenship. In 2003, Congress voted to "cut the waiting period to become a citizen from three years down to one year" for
4900:
Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani sidestepped whether he supports giving illegal immigrants a path to citizenship without first requiring them to leave the country while campaigning Thursday in the Washington, D.C.
797:
United States citizenship is usually acquired by birth when a child is born within the territory of the United States. For the purposes of birthright citizenship, the territory of the United States consists of the 50
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I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or
1329:
upheld the government's position that American Samoa is not "in the United States" for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment and thus American Samoans are nationals but not citizens at birth, A 2021 ruling by the
762:
decision it was noted that "In all of the naturalization acts from 1790 to 1906 the privilege of naturalization was confined to white persons (with the addition in 1870 of those of African nativity and descent)",
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869:
Regardless of where they are born, children of United States citizens are United States citizens in most cases. Children born outside the United States with at least one United States citizen parent usually have
648:
United States citizens are required by federal law to identify themselves with a United States passport, not with any other foreign passport, when entering or leaving the United States. The Supreme Court case of
1382:
when they apply for citizenship, and they can count their legal residence and physical presence in unincorporated U.S. territories the same as presence in the U.S. proper toward the naturalization requirements.
432:. Perhaps the only quantifiable economic benefit of United States citizenship, citizens are not subject to additional withholding tax on income and capital gains derived from United States real estate under the
1562:
United States citizens can relinquish their citizenship, which involves abandoning the right to reside in the United States and all the other rights and responsibilities of citizenship. "Relinquishment" is the
969:
for five years (three if married to a United States citizen), be of "good moral character" (meaning no felony convictions), be of "sound mind" in the judgment of immigration officials, have a knowledge of the
1317:
is the only unincorporated territory of the United States where newborn infants become non-citizen U.S. nationals at birth. Although international law and Supreme Court dicta would regard persons born in a
5087:, examining voter registration by nativity, providing breakdowns for foreign-born citizens as a share of total state population, and detailing their turnout in the 2004 general election, and by ethnicity.
2339:
Note: A person is presumed to be a full citizen in the sense of having a duty to pay some types of taxes and serve on juries, upon reaching the age of majority. At present the age of majority is 18 years.
1510:. Undocumented immigrants who get arrested face difficulties in the courtroom as they have no constitutional right to challenge the outcome of their deportation hearings. In 2009, writer Tom Barry of the
442:. Generally, children born to two United States citizen parents abroad are automatically United States citizens at birth. When the parents are one United States citizen and one non-United States citizen,
117:, in which persons born within the territorial limits of the United States are presumed to be a citizen, or—providing certain other requirements are met—born abroad to a United States citizen parent, and
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4517:
Privately held air carrier Virgin America asked the Department of Transportation on Thursday to deny Alaska Airlines' repeated challenges to its United States citizenship status and close the case.
2068:, wherein there is no statute granting birthright citizenship there nor does the Citizenship Clause apply within those islands due to those islands being unincorporated territories (except for the
701:
in 1835. A variety of forces changed this relation during the nation's history. Citizenship became less defined by participation in politics and more defined as a legal relation with accompanying
641:
ten out of the past fifteen years. Similarly, the United States considers holders of a foreign passport to have a substantial contact with the country that issued the passport, which may preclude
164:
to the other country. A United States citizen retains United States citizenship when becoming the citizen of another country, should that country's laws allow it. United States citizenship can be
2843:
1395:
The issue of citizenship naturalization is a highly contentious matter in United States politics, particularly regarding illegal immigrants. Candidates in the 2008 presidential election, such as
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Alexis de Tocqueville, in his classic work Democracy in America, argued that one reason the American democracy he surveyed was so sturdy was that citizens took an active part in public affairs.
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was recruiting "skilled immigrants who are living in this country with temporary visas" by promising an opportunity to become citizens "in as little as six months" in exchange for service in
1463:, who applied for citizenship, and one Mr. Darnell from Canada who was married to an American with two children from this marriage, ran afoul of legal technicalities and faced deportation.
688:
Citizenship began in colonial times as an active relation between men working cooperatively to solve municipal problems and participating actively in democratic decision-making, such as in
160:
United States law permits multiple citizenship. Citizens of other countries who are naturalized as United States citizens may retain their previous citizenship, although they must renounce
1614:
Citizenship can be revoked under certain circumstances. For instance, if held that a naturalized person has concealed material evidence, willfully misrepresented themselves, or engaged in
5818:
298:
requires that legislators have been citizens for three years, and the Governor has been a citizen for five years, upon taking office. The United States Constitution requires that one be "
5823:
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The Clinton Administration will seek to strip the citizenship of nearly 5,000 immigrants who were wrongly naturalized in an immigration drive last year, Federal officials said today.
316:. Many federal government jobs require applicants to have United States citizenship. United States citizens can apply for federal employment within a government agency or department.
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1577:. "Renunciation" refers to two of those acts: swearing an oath of renunciation before a United States diplomatic or consular officer abroad, or before an official designated by the
1418:
There have been controversies based on speculation about which way newly naturalized citizens are likely to vote. Since immigrants from many countries have been presumed to vote
2456:
English: The Citizen's Almanac – Pub. M-76 (rev. 09/2014) – United States Citizenship and Immigration Services – Fundamental Documents, Symbols, and Anthems of the United States
6215:
2974:
Maria Sanchez was proud to become a United States citizen in 1985, but it did not completely erase the sense of loss she felt over having to give up her Mexican citizenship.
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has been criticized as being a "notoriously surly, inattentive bureaucracy" with long backlogs in which "would-be citizens spent years waiting for paperwork". Rules made by
5788:
978:
asked questions such as "How many stars are there in our flag?" and "What is the Constitution?" and "Who is the president of the United States today?" At one point, the
974:, and be able to speak and understand English unless they are elderly or disabled. Applicants must also pass a citizenship test. Until recently, a test published by the
4652:
United States Department of State. 8 FAM 302.1–4 Status of Inhabitants of Territories Not Mentioned in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Retrieved Jun 9, 2020.
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ceremonies. Most citizenship ceremonies take place at offices of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. However, one swearing-in ceremony was held at
771:
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On Wednesday, Michael Mukasey ruled that aliens have no constitutional right to challenge the outcome of their deportation hearings based on their lawyers' mistakes.
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107:
5128:
Dr. Pedro Servano always believed that his journey from his native Philippines to the life of a community doctor in Pennsylvania would lead to American citizenship.
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The withholding tax has made the voluntary component of tax collection much less important, and the professional military has limited the need for citizen soldiers.
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and has application generally limited to domestic matters. State citizenship may affect (1) tax decisions, (2) eligibility for some state-provided benefits such as
5966:
5877:
5867:
1326:
881:
While persons born in the United States are considered to be citizens and can obtain US passports, children under the age of eighteen are legally considered to be
2701:. If he does gain citizenship, he is considering the unusual prospect of running both the London Marathon on April 16 and the Olympic trials three weeks later in
5857:
3601:
744:
178, that a Japanese person, born in Japan but resident in the United States for twenty years, could not be naturalized under the law of the time and in 1923 in
4077:
Struggling to fill its depleted ranks using American citizenry, the US military is considering recruiting more non-US citizens, according to Pentagon officials.
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5835:
3166:
1687:
1436:
871:
831:
130:
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3242:
2086:
1987:
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1492:
751:
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which prospered because it had "relative safety from corruption, from breach of contract, from property expropriation, and from bureaucratic inefficiency".
443:
6251:
4703:
4599:
4587:
3052:
1378:
assessment, be fingerprinted and pass an English and civics examination. However, unlike foreign nationals, non-citizen U.S. nationals do not need to hold
1331:
3697:
A Federal judge yesterday restored the American citizenship of Rabbi Meir Kahane, the Brooklyn-born founder of the Jewish Defense League who emigrated to
1255:
6180:
5971:
1334:
similarly upheld the government's position and reversed a lower court ruling that said American Samoan plaintiffs were United States citizens at birth.
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1443:
922:
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3183:
2638:
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779:
naturalization, and repatriation rules between women and men. However, it was not applied retroactively, and was modified by later laws, such as the
87:
6271:
3613:
8 U.S.C. secs. 1402 (Puerto Rico), 1406 (Virgin Islands), and 1407 (Guam); 48 U.S.C. sec. 1801, US-NMI Covenant sec. 303 (Northern Mariana Islands).
2689:
Khalid Khannouchi, the world-record holder in the marathon, has still not given up hope of obtaining American citizenship in time to compete in the
6305:
6038:
5781:
1422:
if naturalized, there have been efforts by Democratic administrations to streamline citizenship applications before elections to increase turnout;
1363:
470:
Award was created by the USCIS to recognize the outstanding achievements of naturalized United States citizens, and past recipients include author
269:
446:. Non-citizen United States nationals also have a similar benefit (transmission of non-citizen United States nationality to children born abroad).
4039:
Though the Army had never gone abroad to hire foreign mercenaries, it had long filled out its ranks with aliens living in the United States (In
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6170:
6104:
5658:
5583:
2225:
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6246:
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4567:
4016:
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United States citizenship, which is attained through the naturalization process, brings many benefits to immigrants and to the United States.
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150:
141:
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the
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2390:
6343:
5981:
5954:
5774:
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792:
433:
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is restricted to citizens only. States are not required to extend the franchise to all citizens: for example, several states bar citizen
165:
114:
5162:
Hundreds of thousands of people demanding United States citizenship for illegal immigrants took to the streets in dozens of cities from
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3498:
2935:
6205:
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3956:
Senate Democrats have blocked a GOP attempt to require next year's census forms to ask people whether they are a United States citizen.
1728:
1236:
979:
236:
5188:
1407:
Controversy can arise when citizenship affects political issues. Whether to include questions about current citizenship status in the
938:
types of cases, to check application status, and to access a customer guide. The USCIS processes cases in the order they're received.
709:
has shrunk, the citizenship franchise has been expanded to include not just propertied white adult men but black men and adult women.
6434:
6383:
6175:
5107:
4206:
1723:
1122:
The citizenship process has been described as a ritual that is meaningful for many immigrants. Many new citizens are sworn in during
965:
People applying to become United States citizens must satisfy certain requirements. For example, applicants must generally have been
494:; and others. Further, citizenship status can affect which country an athlete can compete as a member of in competitions such as the
4826:"Title 8: Aliens and Nationality - PART 325: NATIONALS BUT NOT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES; RESIDENCE WITHIN OUTLYING POSSESSIONS"
2807:
6165:
5927:
5278:
683:
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states that "A United States citizen may naturalize in a foreign state without any risk to his or her United States citizenship."
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1451:
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to be treated as an American air carrier when jockeying with foreign governments for access to air routes and overseas airports.
1228:
1196:
1049:
417:
389:
1558:. According to the document, the subject had acquired no other nationality at the time of issuance; hence leaving him stateless.
1322:
as non-citizen nationals of the United States, the nationality status of these persons is not specifically mentioned by US law.
6109:
3022:
1427:
975:
287:
6373:
6326:
4699:
3326:
3282:
2500:
1164:
491:
187:
4413:"Citizenship Fee Increases In Context Figure 1. Naturalization Applications Processed and Pending at USCIS, FY 1985 to 2005"
1370:
524:
suggests that most Americans merely vote for president every four years, and sees this pattern as undemocratic. In her book
6220:
6079:
4955:
3112:
2065:
1258:
of the corporation. There is some degree of disagreement among legal authorities as to how exactly this may be determined.
99:
5312:
6300:
6190:
6130:
5895:
5455:
1325:
The U.S. government position regarding American Samoa began to be challenged in court in the 2010s. A 2016 ruling by the
1319:
898:
Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. constitution gives Congress the power "To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization".
746:
552:, in itself, is not always a sufficient condition to bring good outcomes, and pointed to authoritarian societies such as
377:
310:. The Constitution also stipulates that otherwise eligible citizens must meet certain age requirements for these offices.
307:
122:
5009:
4501:
4468:
4303:
4240:
3341:
See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(36) and 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(38) Providing the term "State" and "United States" definitions on the
3082:
6043:
5797:
5762:
Citizenship and the American Empire, Noted on the Legislative History of the United States Citizenship of Puerto Ricans
4788:
4434:
1586:
1547:
1485:
1057:
840:
239:, have similar rights; however, non-citizens, unlike citizens, may have the right taken away. For example, they may be
95:
444:
certain conditions about the United States citizen's parent's length of time spent in the United States need to be met
5976:
5737:
5710:
5486:
4631:
4623:
4529:
4263:"Instructions for Application for Citizenship and Issuance of Certicate Under Section 322 (Form N-600K Instructions)"
3441:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
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3369:
3361:
3346:
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2580:
2374:
2349:
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1302:
1270:
Message in the passport of an American Samoan stating that the passport holder is a national, not citizen, of the U.S
1227:, some carry US citizenship. US citizenship's main advantage for a corporation is the protection and support of the
1034:
590:
361:
283:
264:
216:
83:
5170:
on Monday in some of the most widespread demonstrations since the mass protests began around the country last month.
4718:
2808:"Title 8 of Code of Federal Regulations (8 CFR) \ 8 CFR Part 1337- Oath of allegiance \ § 1337.1 Oath of allegiance"
5517:
5424:
4766:
United States Department of State. 8 FAM 308.3-1 CNMI Applicants Claiming National Status. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
3969:
1518:
1423:
1419:
1292:
1123:
364:
of men has been in place at various times (both in war and in peace) in American history, most recently during the
3896:
3864:
2646:
730:
in the United States becomes a citizen. This is distinct from naturalized citizenship; in 1922 the Court held in
6368:
6094:
5845:
4559:
4541:' means (A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes
2795:
safety from corruption, from breach of contract, from property expropriation, and from bureaucratic inefficiency.
1703:
1480:
of all applications); in 2007, 89,683 applications for naturalization were denied, about 12% of those presented.
1025:
507:
4622:
2015) ("The sole such statutory provision that presently confers United States nationality upon non-citizens is
6363:
6135:
6003:
5228:
2957:
2072:, which is designated as an incorporated territory, therefore the Citizenship Clause is in force in the Atoll).
1578:
1172:
955:
467:
303:
235:. United States citizens have the right to reside and work in the United States. Certain non-citizens, such as
198:, state citizenship was a source of significant contention between the Union and the seceding Southern states.
4358:
2765:
been so gradual—we opt out of the public sphere and the "social contract" for the sake of a protected setting.
1597:
if they understand the consequences. There is a US$ 2,350 administrative fee for the process. In addition, an
6388:
6195:
5218:
4538:
1738:
1266:
1053:
714:
118:
31:
5146:
4991:
Remaking the Political Landscape: The Impact of Illegal and Legal Immigration on Congressional Apportionment
3566:
2052:
is permanently inhabited, there is no statute that bequeaths citizenship upon those born there nor does the
1857:
294:
have been citizens for nine years, before taking office. Most states have similar requirements: for example
125:
applies for citizenship and is accepted. The first of these two pathways to citizenship is specified in the
3208:
2124:
2034:
1959:
1884:
1818:
1346:
851:
819:
2426:
1543:
530:, Nelson argues that declining citizen participation in politics is unhealthy for long term prospects for
6295:
6200:
4863:
8 FAM 505.2-2 List of Current endorsements. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
4831:
4176:
1602:
not seek to obtain any tax information from the interviewee, and instruct the interviewee to contact the
1127:
299:
98:(however, not all citizens have the right to vote in all federal elections, for example, those living in
3651:
3005:
While New Hampshire has no minorities or big cities (there's plenty of both in upcoming primaries), the
153:
of the Constitution, the power to establish a "uniform rule of naturalization" is granted explicitly to
6160:
6125:
4883:
4825:
4615:
4262:
4171:
3536:
2219:
1156:
1102:
1082:
971:
827:
764:
369:
134:
4649:
8 FAM 302.1 Historical Background to Acquisition by Birth in United States Territories and Possessions
4335:
2492:
Beyond Citizenship : American Identity After Globalization: American Identity After Globalization
2239:
1998:
1923:
420:
may even intervene on the person's behalf. Non-citizen United States nationals also have this benefit.
6261:
5949:
2210:
1114:
30:
This article is about United States citizenship in general. For legal issues and naturalization, see
2430:
2106:
5944:
5939:
5922:
5633:
4138:
2454:
2057:
1866:
1800:
1603:
1350:
989:
859:
815:
674:
385:
381:
224:
4412:
4390:
4026:
3899:. United States government — United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. November 20, 2009
3184:"Defining "American": Birthright Citizenship and the Original Understanding of the 14th Amendment"
2906:
2555:
2016:
5905:
5840:
5680:
4374:
A record number of immigrants, more than 1 million, will become United States citizens this year.
4167:
1941:
1626:
1567:
covering all seven different potentially-expatriating acts (ways of giving up citizenship) under
780:
4884:"Giuliani Sidesteps Whether Illegals Should Get Citizenship Without First Leaving United States"
3742:
2534:
estate and gift taxes. But last week, Congress may have made life less rewarding for tax exiles.
2394:
2265:
2025:
1809:
726:
649 (1898), that per the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause an ethnic Chinese person
341:
Citizens are required to file United States taxes even if they do not live in the United States.
6336:
6063:
5910:
5351:
4662:
1782:
1713:
1447:
1399:, tried to "carve out a middle ground" on the issue of illegal immigration, but rivals such as
1247:
1188:
1008:
732:
604:
considered subjects from the United States as British by birth and forced them to fight in the
154:
44:
5502:
5440:
4558:, 423-24 (1998) ("Persons not born in the United States acquire by birth only as provided by
3827:
3517:"As Trump strikes at birthright citizenship, Americans – and Indians – look up 14th Amendment"
3316:
3272:
1356:
6185:
5998:
5605:"Advice About Possible Loss of U.S. Nationality and Seeking Public Office in a Foreign State"
4990:
4914:
3465:
2273:
2158:
2090:
1991:
1916:
1841:
1766:
1692:
1615:
1496:
755:
741:
723:
698:
660:
618:
517:
4858:
4762:
8 FAM 308.3 Non-Citizen U.S. Nationality in The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
4760:
4647:
4452:
including increasing the citizenship application to US$ 200 or more from the current US$ 95.
2007:
1932:
1791:
1204:
866:
whose father or mother (or both) are or were a citizen is a United States citizen by birth.
5334:
increasingly became the focus of joint efforts by immigration and law enforcement officers.
3858:"CSC Receives US$ 27 Million Task Order From United States Citizenship and Immigration ..."
3191:
2690:
2606:
1650:
1412:
1408:
1375:
582:
291:
191:
24:
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who had served in the armed forces. Spouses of citizens or non-citizens who served in the
223:, but male United States citizens and non-citizens are still required to register for the
8:
5255:
4667:
4610:
are not synonymous. While all citizens are nationals, not all nationals are citizens".);
4575:
1672:
1581:
within the United States during a state of war. Out of an estimated three to six million
966:
466:. The USCIS sometimes honors the achievements of naturalized United States citizens. The
272:; however, today this is limited to local elections in very few places. Citizens are not
2097:
1848:
1773:
1529:
agreed that "we are doing something dramatically wrong in our criminal justice system".
994:. This program permits foreigners to apply for a drawing to become a permanent resident.
622:
47:. The one shown above is a post-2007 issued passport. A passport is commonly used as an
6408:
6284:
6084:
6048:
5346:
4803:
8 FAM 308.9 Acquisition by Birth Abroad to Non-Citizen United States National Parent(s)
4679:
4583:
4550:
3521:
3342:
3149:
3141:
2880:
2611:
2190:
2115:
2053:
1950:
1875:
1499:
1465:
1296:
1068:
1003:
954:
sailor receives his certificate of United States citizenship from the commander of the
951:
934:
663:
642:
487:
373:
195:
126:
91:
79:
5251:"Trump again raises much-debated but rarely tested question of birthright citizenship"
4542:
4533:
4304:"Number of Immigrants Applying for United States Citizenship Is Down 62%, Study Finds"
4064:
4043:, an honorable service record gave aliens citizenship in three years instead of five.)
3788:
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2353:
6140:
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5743:
5733:
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5706:
5498:
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1224:
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1148:
863:
597:
526:
475:
273:
48:
4595:
4214:
3026:
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910:
612:
Relief Tax (HEART) Act of 2008, United States citizens in general are subject to an
6378:
6348:
6266:
5915:
5900:
5084:
5070:
4802:
2870:
2639:"'Outstanding American by Choice Award' Announced by the United States Citizenship"
2584:
1629:, a woman holding United States citizenship could lose it simply by marriage to an
1598:
1573:
1180:
1118:
December 21, 1973 Congress Hall Program and Welcome Letter from Pres. Richard Nixon
899:
803:
613:
549:
538:
256:
4336:"Number of Immigrants Who Became United States Citizens: Fiscal Year 1920 to 2008"
3381:
3373:
3350:
2268:
Downsizing Democracy: How America Sidelined Its Citizens and Privatized Its Public
616:
if they give up United States citizenship, but there are exceptions (specifically
564:
6053:
6028:
5547:
5387:
4635:
4627:
4021:
3632:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3365:
3299:
3274:
The Specter of Sex: Gendered Foundations of Racial Formation in the United States
2490:
2378:
2300:
1664:
1306:
1251:
1240:
1200:
1168:
914:
651:
605:
3713:
917:
received his certificate of United States citizenship from Judge Phillip Forman.
6290:
6256:
6210:
4683:
3235:"Trump wants to end birthright citizenship. A judge he appointed says he can't"
3153:
2453:
Services, USCIS-United States Citizenship and Immigration (September 1, 2014),
2358:
2049:
1521:
as being "fives times greater than the average rate in the rest of the world".
1314:
1232:
1098:
1021:
835:
548:
badly educated and alienated ones—with a passion for politics". He argued that
521:
479:
5747:
5720:
392:
writes, "The professional military has limited the need for citizen soldiers".
6428:
6398:
6393:
6321:
6089:
5570:
5410:
5371:
5223:
5163:
4870:
4812:
4773:
3919:
3761:
3588:
3484:
3204:
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2440:
2413:
2327:
2177:
2069:
1682:
1594:
1512:
1396:
1192:
823:
706:
600:
when the British captured American ships and forced them back to Europe. The
569:
511:
399:
103:
75:
5463:. 66th Annual Canadian Tax Foundation Annual Conference. Toronto. p. 20
5083:
Note: click on "New Jersey" MPI election profiles for all 50 states and the
2361:' means the conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth,
6358:
6099:
6033:
5732:(First/Unabridged ed.). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
5703:
You Are Not American: Citizenship Stripping from Dred Scott to the Dreamers
5320:
4040:
2914:
2751:
1503:
1456:
1357:
Legal distinctions between United States citizens and non-citizen nationals
1300:
otherwise, they become non-citizen U.S. nationals at birth instead, as per
1184:
1086:
930:
862:
is a United States citizen by birth. Also, every person born in the former
543:
4388:
4359:"The United States Citizenship Test: Learning, And Earning, Their Stripes"
3714:"Article 1 - The Legislative Branch : Section 8 - Powers of Congress"
3297:
2133:
1442:
There has been controversy about the agency in charge of citizenship. The
430:
Ability to invest in United States real property without triggering FIRPTA
5685:
5482:
4607:
4603:
3179:
3006:
1697:
1677:
1630:
1564:
1507:
1460:
1400:
1338:
1282:
1175:
pursuant to authorization granted by Congress. The eight individuals are
1012:
882:
847:
811:
775:
689:
471:
457:
453:
365:
240:
220:
59:
39:
4743:
1658:
1551:
987:
One way to become a permanent resident is to apply to the US government
263:
from voting, even after they have completed any custodial sentence. The
4545:
3970:"Study guide for United States citizenship test omits freedom of press"
3633:"8 U.S. Code § 1401 – Nationals and citizens of United States at birth"
2875:
2702:
2305:
1432:
1379:
1090:
1030:
902:
provide for acquisition of citizenship by persons not born in the U.S.
799:
568:
Dual citizenship means persons can travel with two passports. Both the
295:
183:
161:
142:
4638:("Nationals but not citizens; residence within outlying possessions").
2674:"Olympics; Marathon Runner's United States Citizenship Is on the Line"
1205:
Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez
376:
force, although both male United States citizens and male non-citizen
182:, in contrast, signifies a relation between a person and a particular
5167:
2698:
1708:
694:
601:
596:
The earliest recorded instances of dual citizenship began before the
573:
553:
531:
350:
330:
169:
63:
20:
6403:
6353:
5994:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
5659:"[USC02] 8 USC 1435: Former citizens regaining citizenship"
4241:"Chapter 5 – Child Residing Outside of the United States (INA 322)"
3998:
3681:"Metro Dateline; American Citizenship Restored to Kahane Published"
3602:
Birthright citizenship in the United States#Political controversies
2992:
2987:
2863:"At Home in Two Countries: The Past and Future of Dual Citizenship"
1968:
1893:
1718:
1555:
1526:
1522:
1131:
1039:
495:
1261:
337:
5569:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5548:"7 FAM 1240: Interagency Coordination and Reporting Requirements"
5409:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5370:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4869:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4811:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4772:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4391:"Immigrant Families and Workers — Trends in Naturalization (pdf)"
4389:
Michael Fix; Jeffrey S. Passel; Kenneth Sucher (September 2003).
3918:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3760:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3587:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3483:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2829:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2475:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2439:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2412:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2326:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2176:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
678:
A Welcome to United States Citizenship – Pub. M-76 (rev. 09/1970)
580:
A person who is considered a citizen by more than one nation has
483:
440:
Transmission of United States citizenship to children born abroad
302:" and a United States resident for fourteen years in order to be
5108:"Perfectly Legal Immigrants, Until They Applied for Citizenship"
4793:
Danny Cevallos. CNN. February 11, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
1502: (1982), entitled illegal immigrants to free education from
1143:
360:
is not currently required in the United States, but a policy of
6413:
5388:"7 FAM 1210: Loss and Restoration of United States Citizenship"
5313:"A Death in Texas — Profits, poverty, and immigration converge"
3944:
3698:
2862:
2694:
1062:
702:
325:
260:
71:
67:
5730:
American by Birth: Wong Kim Ark and the Battle for Citizenship
5457:
FATCA in Canada: The 'Cure' for a United States Place of Birth
3301:
New Frontiers of Democracy: The Story of America in Transition
705:
and privileges. While the realm of civic participation in the
669:
452:. Naturalized United States citizens are no longer considered
211:
6440:
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
4805:. Foreign Affairs Manual. United States Department of State.
4522:
3986:
learn much about the role of the press in American democracy.
3009:
town-hall meeting was the earliest form of American democracy
2721:. Hopewell, New Jersey: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 5.
1550:
of the United States, issued by the United States Embassy in
1231:
in legal or bureaucratic disputes. For example, the airline
758:
204, that an Indian person could not be naturalized. In the
5279:"Mukasey Limits Ineffective Assistance Challenge for Aliens"
5039:"Goal Set for Reducing Backlog on Citizenship Applications"
1342:
1016:
855:
807:
774:
allowed a foreign-born child of a US citizen mother and an
5678:
5584:"[USC02] 8 USC 1451: Revocation of naturalization"
4574:
Aug. 13, 2018) (case involving a United States citizen in
826:. Citizenship, however, was not specified in the original
5425:"Considering 'Citizenship Taxation': In Defense of FATCA"
3567:"The Constitution of the United States: Amendments 11–27"
2064:
page for more information). The same can be said for the
5967:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
5010:"United States Is Seeking To Strip 5,000 Of Citizenship"
4682:
does not extend birthright citizenship to those born in
4057:"United States military may recruit foreigners to serve"
2263:
2191:"Hooven & Allison Co. v. Evatt, 324 U.S. 652 (1945)"
950:
Military service is often a key to citizenship; here, a
190:, and (3) eligibility for state political posts such as
4096:"United States Military Will Offer Path to Citizenship"
3156:
did not begin to break down until the twentieth century
925:, commonly abbreviated as USCIS. It is a bureau of the
43:
United States nationality gives the right to acquire a
5796:
4502:"Virgin America to DOT: Dismiss citizenship challenge"
4435:"Agency Plans to Double United States Citizenship Fee"
2905:
Webel, Beth; Gandhu, Christopher (December 19, 2011).
2303:("Nationals and citizens of United States at birth");
1688:
Birthright citizenship in the United States of America
1283:
Historic and current grants of non-citizen nationality
1065:
comprises 90% of those taking advantage of the clause.
921:
The agency in charge of admitting new citizens is the
3298:
Ervin Eugene Lewis; Merritt Madison Chambers (1935).
1337:
Unlike people born in American Samoa, people born in
834:
specifically defined persons who were either born or
384:
and may be called up in the event of a future draft.
5599:
5597:
3020:
2425:
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services:
1640:
424:
Increased ability to sponsor relatives living abroad
5972:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
5679:Abdelfatah, Rund; Ramtin Arablouei (June 9, 2022).
5347:"7 FAM 1220: Developing a Loss-of-Nationality Case"
5073:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
4719:"American Samoans Are Not Born Into US Citizenship"
4415:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
4338:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
3741:. United States Department Of State. Archived from
3464:. State of South Dakota. April 2003. Archived from
2558:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
2270:(book) by Matthew A. Crenson and Benjamin Ginsberg"
1618:, then they may have their naturalization revoked.
1295:are not "in the United States" for purposes of the
172:via a formal procedure at a United States embassy.
19:"U.S. citizen" redirects here. For the people, see
5516:Dentino, William L.; Manolakas, Christine (2012).
4469:"Judge Offers Lesson In United States Citizenship"
3879:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
2240:"Top 10 Reasons to become a United States citizen"
2214:(6th ed.). United States. 1990. p. 1533.
923:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
5594:
4592:Ricketts v. Attorney General of the United States
3291:
2515:
1364:not allowed to vote in federal or state elections
290:have been citizens for seven years, and that all
6426:
5933:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
5515:
4915:"Voter ID Battle Shifts to Proof of Citizenship"
3140:Note: after the Fourteenth Amendment during the
2776:
2744:
1532:
178:signifies membership in the country as a whole;
5242:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5140:
5138:
5136:
4485:citizens the sacrifices made for their freedom.
4393:. Urban Institute — Immigration Studies Program
4301:
4136:
3825:
3649:
3321:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 203–.
3314:
2936:"US State Department Services Dual Nationality"
1293:unincorporated territories of the United States
1262:Distinction between citizenship and nationality
255:for federal office in all fifty states and the
201:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5065:
5063:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4499:
4462:
4460:
4200:
4198:
4166:
3941:"Senate blocks census US-citizenship question"
3789:"United States to unveil new citizenship test"
3226:
2985:
2958:"United States Mexicans Gain Dual Citizenship"
2488:
2264:Heineman (book reviewer), Robert (July 2004).
1633:or certain aliens ineligible for citizenship.
113:There are two primary sources of citizenship:
6247:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
5782:
5518:"The Exit Tax: A Move in the Right Direction"
5105:
5036:
4993:Center for Immigration Studies, October 2003.
4495:
4493:
4384:
4382:
4356:
4330:
4328:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4204:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4085:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3891:
3889:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3537:"Romney Eyeing End to Birthright Citizenship"
3083:"Hey, Young Americans, Here's a Text for You"
2770:
2740:
2738:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2518:"New Law Makes Escape Tougher For Tax Exiles"
2433:, page 28 of 58 in PDF, page 25 in hard copy
1254:, corporate citizenship is determined by the
1151:was awarded with the honorary distinction of
414:Consular protection outside the United States
5382:
5380:
5189:"Should Colleges Enroll Illegal Immigrants?"
5186:
5175:
5144:
5133:
5030:
5007:
4466:
3967:
3578:National Archives and Records Administration
3499:"The Real Origins of Birthright Citizenship"
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3144:, blacks became technically enfranchised as
2671:
2607:"Surge Seen in Applications for Citizenship"
2259:
2257:
1609:
247:Freedom to enter and leave the United States
6344:Democratic backsliding in the United States
5982:Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act
5299:
5270:
5090:
5060:
4996:
4936:
4906:
4457:
4427:
4195:
4048:
4017:"National Affairs: Passport to Citizenship"
4009:
3786:
3673:
3529:
3318:Generations: Rethinking Age and Citizenship
3308:
3270:
2950:
2904:
2509:
2062:American Samoan citizenship and nationality
1625:From September 22, 1922, to the passage of
1539:Relinquishment of United States nationality
793:Birthright citizenship in the United States
670:History of citizenship in the United States
434:Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act
149:The second is provided for in U.S. law. In
5789:
5775:
5276:
5210:
4989:, May 29, 2010; see also, Steve Camarota,
4912:
4876:
4838:United States Government Publishing Office
4784:
4782:
4490:
4405:
4379:
4350:
4325:
4280:
4160:
4117:
4082:
3961:
3925:
3886:
3855:
3849:
3810:
3767:
3643:
3110:
3080:
3050:
3025:. Brigham Young University. Archived from
2735:
2665:
2636:
2630:
2591:
2539:
2224:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1729:Undocumented students in the United States
1237:United States Department of Transportation
1155:230 years after he fought and died in the
941:
893:
846:By acts of Congress, every person born in
329:United States citizens may be summoned to
5727:
5447:
5377:
5355:. Department of State. September 19, 2014
5339:
5310:
5219:"Trump Challenges Birthright Citizenship"
5071:"Role of Foreign-born Voters in Election"
4054:
3304:. American Education Press, Incorporated.
3257:
3169:in 1919 after a constitutional amendment.
3021:Jean Bethke Elshtain (October 29, 1996).
2874:
2254:
1724:Natural born citizen of the United States
1606:directly with any questions about taxes.
1369:Non-citizen U.S. nationals can apply for
1109:
786:
5554:. Department of State. November 12, 2015
5416:
5394:. Department of State. December 19, 2014
5147:"Immigrants, backers demand citizenship"
4948:"Eye Opener: Citizenship and the Census"
2452:
1744:
1542:
1265:
1214:
1142:
1113:
1001:service. For example, a 2009 article in
945:
909:
684:Nationality law in the American Colonies
673:
563:
336:
324:
210:
38:
5989:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
5945:Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
4779:
4716:
2495:. Oxford University Press. p. 99.
2482:
1734:Undocumented youth in the United States
1289:federal government of the United States
1276:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
1138:
1050:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
215:The United States military has been an
86:and laws of the United States, such as
6427:
6226:United States Virgin Islands residents
5522:William & Mary Business Law Review
5248:
5216:
4302:Tara Bahrampour (September 12, 2009).
3826:Editorial staff (September 25, 2009).
3104:
3074:
3044:
3014:
2979:
2716:
1583:United States citizens residing abroad
1428:Immigration and Naturalization Service
976:Immigration and Naturalization Service
765:1906 being the most recent legislation
502:
288:United States House of Representatives
227:within 30 days of their 18th birthday.
5770:
5700:
5665:from the original on October 9, 2023.
5590:from the original on October 9, 2023.
5491:Michigan Journal of International Law
5481:
4612:Mohammadi v. Islamic Republic of Iran
3877:CSC (NYSE: CSC) announced today that
3497:Jones, Martha S. (October 31, 2018).
3496:
3315:Richard Marback (February 16, 2015).
3023:"Democracy at Century's End (speech)"
2860:
2777:Robert D. Kaplan (December 1, 1997).
2745:Robert D. Kaplan (December 1, 1997).
1167:" has been granted eight times by an
1165:Honorary Citizen of the United States
626:) for those who are either under age
492:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
314:Right to apply for federal employment
5819:House Electors Qualifications Clause
5453:
5217:Farley, Robert (November 13, 2015).
4790:Should American Samoans be citizens?
4500:Harry R. Weber (September 4, 2009).
4139:"Citizenship For Immigrant Soldiers"
3650:Susan Jo Keller (October 27, 1996).
3232:
2867:European Journal of American Studies
2489:Peter J. Spiro (December 31, 2007).
2075:
2066:United States Minor Outlying Islands
1700:(general discussion for all nations)
1081:According to a senior fellow at the
5422:
5249:Barnes, Robert (October 30, 2018).
4357:William Booth (November 17, 1996).
4094:Julia Preston (February 14, 2009).
3897:"USCIS Processing Time Information"
3345:, Immigration and Nationality Act.
2719:American Politics: Playing the Game
1984:United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1976:
1901:
1826:
1751:
1459:doctor and his wife, both from the
1320:United States Minor Outlying Island
1171:or by a proclamation issued by the
905:
872:birthright citizenship by parentage
747:United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
559:
308:vice president of the United States
74:, protections, and benefits in the
13:
6216:Northern Mariana Islands residents
5798:Voting rights in the United States
5672:
4205:Miriam Jordan (October 16, 2007).
3991:
3939:Andrew Taylor (November 5, 2009).
3178:
3172:
3053:"Jersey; An Exercise In Community"
2810:. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
2556:"Citizenship and Civic Engagement"
2516:Martin A. Vaughan (May 28, 2008).
2446:
2427:Citizenship Through Naturalization
2393:. Travel.state.gov. Archived from
1587:Certificate of Loss of Nationality
1548:Certificate of Loss of Nationality
1411:questions has been debated in the
380:are required to register with the
280:Freedom to stand for public office
82:derived from and protected by the
14:
6451:
5977:Federal Voting Assistance Program
5755:
4860:8 FAM 505.2 Passport Endorsements
4717:Pampuro, Amanda (June 16, 2021).
3787:Ben Arnoldy (November 17, 2006).
3233:Paul, Deanna (October 30, 2018).
3111:Naomi Wolf (September 27, 2007).
2201:
2183:
2161:. Travel.state.gov. April 1, 2011
2093:202 (1982) is available from:
1994:204 (1923) is available from:
1919:178 (1922) is available from:
1844:649 (1898) is available from:
1769:253 (1967) is available from:
286:requires that all members of the
121:, a process in which an eligible
6435:Citizenship of the United States
6384:Ranked-choice voting in the U.S.
6301:Women's poll tax repeal movement
5651:
5619:
5611:. March 12, 2019. Archived from
5576:
5564:
5540:
5509:
5475:
5404:
5365:
5106:Julia Preston (April 12, 2008).
5037:Julia Preston (March 15, 2008).
4946:Ed O'Keefe (November 19, 2009).
4864:
4806:
4767:
4137:Tatiana Morales (July 4, 2003).
3913:
3755:
3582:
3478:
3081:Naomi Wolf (November 25, 2007).
3051:Paula Span (November 20, 2005).
2986:Jonathan Alter (March 3, 2010).
2861:Spiro, Peter J. (January 2017).
2824:
2470:
2434:
2407:
2321:
2171:
1657:
1643:
1390:
1076:
1020:citizenship. In 2002, President
243:if convicted of a serious crime.
56:Citizenship of the United States
5928:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
5846:Privileges or Immunities Clause
5546:
5454:Berg, Roy (November 30, 2014).
5386:
5345:
5187:Eddy RamĂrez (August 7, 2008).
5145:Laura Parker (April 11, 2006).
4974:
4852:
4818:
4796:
4754:
4736:
4710:
4689:
4655:
4641:
4255:
4233:
4055:Tom Regan (December 26, 2006).
4025:. April 2, 1951. Archived from
3731:
3706:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3594:
3559:
3509:
3490:
3450:
3355:
3335:
3159:
3134:
2928:
2898:
2854:
2836:
2800:
2710:
2573:
2419:
2383:
2310:Department of Homeland Security
2042:
1380:permanent residency of the U.S.
927:Department of Homeland Security
349:is only imposed upon citizens.
78:. It serves as a foundation of
6206:District of Columbia residents
6136:Multiple non-transferable vote
6059:Voter registration in the U.S.
6004:Election Assistance Commission
5824:Congressional Elections Clause
5311:Tom Barry (November 1, 2009).
5277:Dan Slater (January 9, 2009).
5229:Annenberg Public Policy Center
4467:Jerry Markon (June 12, 2008).
4207:"Citizenship via Grandparents"
3271:Sally Kitch (August 6, 2009).
2779:"Was Democracy Just a Moment?"
2747:"Was Democracy Just a Moment?"
2672:Jere Longman (March 3, 2000).
2605:Julia Preston (July 5, 2007).
2368:
2342:
2333:
2290:
2232:
2151:
1225:persons in the eyes of the law
712:The Supreme Court affirmed in
468:Outstanding American by Choice
304:president of the United States
1:
6389:National Voting Rights Museum
5999:Help America Vote Act of 2002
5008:Eric Schmitt (May 24, 1997).
4539:national of the United States
3968:Bill Nichols (May 16, 2006).
3828:"A Commitment to Citizenship"
3739:"Citizenship and Nationality"
3554:States to illegal immigrants.
3462:Department of Social Services
3277:. SUNY Press. pp. 179–.
2637:PRNewswire (April 27, 2009).
2242:. American Immigration Center
2145:
1834:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
1739:United States nationality law
1533:Relinquishment of citizenship
1332:10th Circuit Court of Appeals
1054:Child Citizenship Act of 2000
772:Equal Nationality Act of 1934
715:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
32:United States nationality law
6252:Timeline of women's suffrage
5193:U.S. News & World Report
4674:2015) ("The judgment of the
4177:U.S. News & World Report
2907:"Cut United States tax ties"
1347:United States Virgin Islands
852:United States Virgin Islands
820:United States Virgin Islands
202:Rights, duties, and benefits
51:and as proof of citizenship.
7:
6306:History of direct democracy
6296:Selma to Montgomery marches
6039:Initiatives and referendums
4913:Ian Urbina (May 12, 2008).
4832:Code of Federal Regulations
4696:Fitisemanu v. United States
3856:PRNewswire (May 26, 2009).
3637:Legal Information Institute
3458:"3222 Citizenship by Birth"
3113:"Books: The End of America"
2306:"United States Citizenship"
2056:apply there since it is an
1636:
1256:principal place of business
1128:Arlington National Cemetery
450:Protection from deportation
407:
10:
6456:
6126:First-past-the-post voting
5896:U.S. Department of Justice
3343:United States Federal Code
3167:achieved the right to vote
2134:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1536:
1103:Migration Policy Institute
1083:Migration Policy Institute
1066:
1061:presence of grandparents.
980:Government Printing Office
790:
681:
456:and cannot be placed into
370:United States Armed Forces
284:United States Constitution
265:United States Constitution
237:lawful permanent residents
233:Freedom to reside and work
29:
23:. For the legal term, see
18:
6314:
6262:Woman Suffrage Procession
6234:
6153:
6118:
6072:
6021:
6014:
5950:Voting Rights Act of 1965
5886:
5804:
5728:Nackenoff, Carol (2021).
5627:"54 Stat. 1137 1936-1941"
4548:to the United States.");
4061:Christian Science Monitor
3793:Christian Science Monitor
2431:A Guide to Naturalization
1610:Revocation of citizenship
1101:, a senior fellow at the
767:in question at the time.
537:However, writers such as
320:
206:
6201:American Samoa residents
5940:Civil Rights Act of 1960
5923:Civil Rights Act of 1957
5705:. Boston: Beacon Press.
2058:unincorporated territory
1351:Northern Mariana Islands
1291:takes the position that
1229:United States government
1067:Not to be confused with
860:Northern Mariana Islands
816:Northern Mariana Islands
576:permit dual citizenship.
418:United States government
386:Johns Hopkins University
382:Selective Service System
102:), live and work in the
16:Legal status in the U.S.
5906:Enforcement Act of 1870
5841:Equal Protection Clause
5487:"Citizenship Overreach"
5423:Lee, Young Ran (2017).
5283:The Wall Street Journal
4723:Courthouse News Service
4211:The Wall Street Journal
4003:www.dvprogram.state.gov
3701:more than 15 years ago.
2988:"Who Cares About Iowa?"
2522:The Wall Street Journal
2363:by any means whatsoever
1627:Nationality Act of 1940
1519:high incarceration rate
942:Pathways to citizenship
894:Naturalized citizenship
781:Nationality Act of 1940
697:"sturdy", according to
510:is not required in the
458:deportation proceedings
5911:Second Enforcement Act
5701:Frost, Amanda (2021).
5681:"By Accident of Birth"
5661:. United States Code.
5586:. United States Code.
5552:Foreign Affairs Manual
5392:Foreign Affairs Manual
5352:Foreign Affairs Manual
4663:Tuaua v. United States
4268:. UCSIS. July 13, 2017
3652:"Bringing Up Citizens"
2717:Rouder, Susan (1977).
2391:"Legal Considerations"
2211:Black's Law Dictionary
1909:Ozawa v. United States
1714:History of citizenship
1559:
1271:
1248:diversity jurisdiction
1189:Hannah Callowhill Penn
1160:
1119:
1110:Citizenship ceremonies
1009:United States Military
998:Military participation
962:
918:
787:Birthright citizenship
733:Ozawa v. United States
679:
577:
358:Military participation
342:
334:
300:a natural born Citizen
228:
147:
115:birthright citizenship
52:
45:United States passport
6364:Elections in the U.S.
6221:Puerto Rico residents
5960:covered jurisdictions
5615:on December 20, 2023.
4170:(November 30, 2005).
2660:each of its citizens.
2365:".) (emphasis added).
2274:Independent Institute
1745:Explanatory footnotes
1704:Citizenship education
1693:Birthright generation
1616:subversive activities
1546:
1269:
1250:in the United States
1215:Corporate citizenship
1177:Sir Winston Churchill
1146:
1117:
1048:. Section 322 of the
949:
913:
699:Alexis de Tocqueville
677:
567:
340:
328:
219:since the end of the
214:
194:. At the time of the
192:United States senator
139:
88:freedom of expression
42:
5085:District of Columbia
4067:on February 27, 2009
4029:on November 23, 2010
3468:on February 25, 2011
3245:on November 16, 2018
2946:on October 14, 2012.
2691:2008 Summer Olympics
1651:United States portal
1409:United States Census
1376:good moral character
1246:For the purposes of
1197:Marquis de Lafayette
1139:Honorary citizenship
832:Fourteenth Amendment
804:District of Columbia
623:§ 877A(g)(1)(b)
388:political scientist
270:non-citizens to vote
257:District of Columbia
176:National citizenship
145:wherein they reside.
131:Fourteenth Amendment
25:United States person
5256:The Washington Post
4952:The Washington Post
4576:removal proceedings
4473:The Washington Post
4441:. September 4, 1997
4363:The Washington Post
4308:The Washington Post
3867:on February 1, 2013
3745:on January 20, 2008
3687:. February 21, 1987
3622:8 U.S.C. sec. 1403.
3525:. October 31, 2018.
3214:on October 30, 2010
3180:Ho, James Chiun-Yue
3117:The Washington Post
3087:The Washington Post
2649:on February 1, 2013
2397:on January 14, 2010
2125:Library of Congress
2035:Library of Congress
1960:Library of Congress
1885:Library of Congress
1819:Library of Congress
1673:Accidental American
967:permanent residents
550:civic participation
508:Civic participation
503:Civic participation
378:permanent residents
372:are a professional
217:all-volunteer force
6409:Voter registration
6285:Give Us the Ballot
6181:Transgender people
6085:Grandfather clause
6049:Provisional ballot
5429:Florida Tax Review
5323:on August 23, 2011
5112:The New York Times
5043:The New York Times
5014:The New York Times
4958:on January 6, 2010
4919:The New York Times
4680:Citizenship Clause
4580:Anderson v. Holder
4551:Miller v. Albright
4534:§ 1101(a)(22)
4439:The New York Times
4172:"Dual citizenship"
4100:The New York Times
3832:The New York Times
3718:usconstitution.net
3685:The New York Times
3656:The New York Times
3522:The Times of India
3142:American Civil War
3057:The New York Times
2962:The New York Times
2876:10.4000/ejas.11962
2844:"Dual Nationality"
2678:The New York Times
2612:The New York Times
2354:§ 1101(a)(23)
2054:Citizenship Clause
1560:
1466:The New York Times
1452:federal government
1327:D.C. Circuit Court
1297:Citizenship Clause
1272:
1161:
1120:
1069:Grandfather clause
1058:oath of allegiance
1004:The New York Times
963:
935:immigration reform
919:
680:
643:security clearance
578:
488:John Shalikashvili
343:
335:
229:
196:American Civil War
127:Citizenship Clause
108:federal assistance
80:fundamental rights
53:
6422:
6421:
6369:Electoral College
6191:African Americans
6149:
6148:
6141:One man, one vote
6110:Voter suppression
5639:on March 31, 2016
4986:Los Angeles Times
4840:. August 29, 2011
4678:is affirmed; the
4602:July 30, 2018) ("
3328:978-0-8143-4081-3
3284:978-1-4384-2754-6
3029:on March 18, 2012
2502:978-0-19-972225-9
2220:cite encyclopedia
2208:"United States".
1157:Revolutionary War
1149:Kazimierz Pulaski
958:George Washington
864:Panama Canal Zone
598:French Revolution
527:Bad for Democracy
476:Nobel Peace Prize
390:Benjamin Ginsberg
368:. Currently, the
274:compelled to vote
180:state citizenship
106:, and to receive
49:identity document
6447:
6379:Electoral system
6374:Electoral reform
6349:Disfranchisement
6337:Native Americans
6327:Campaign finance
6272:U.S. suffragists
6267:Silent Sentinels
6196:Native Americans
6019:
6018:
5916:Ku Klux Klan Act
5901:Enforcement Acts
5791:
5784:
5777:
5768:
5767:
5751:
5724:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5667:
5666:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5638:
5632:. Archived from
5631:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5609:travel.state.gov
5601:
5592:
5591:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5462:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5384:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5319:. Archived from
5308:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5289:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5184:
5173:
5172:
5159:
5157:
5142:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5123:
5114:. Archived from
5103:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5067:
5058:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5020:
5005:
4994:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4954:. Archived from
4943:
4934:
4933:
4927:
4925:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4890:. March 23, 2007
4880:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4822:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4800:
4794:
4786:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4714:
4708:
4693:
4687:
4659:
4653:
4645:
4639:
4564:Jaen v. Sessions
4560:Acts of Congress
4536:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4299:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4213:. Archived from
4202:
4193:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4134:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4091:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4063:. Archived from
4052:
4046:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3936:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3874:
3872:
3863:. Archived from
3853:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3823:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3454:
3448:
3359:
3353:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3268:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3241:. Archived from
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3207:. Archived from
3188:
3176:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3002:
3000:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2964:. March 20, 2003
2954:
2948:
2947:
2942:. Archived from
2940:travel.state.gov
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2878:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:travel.state.gov
2840:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2686:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2645:. Archived from
2634:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2602:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2372:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2215:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2159:"Get a passport"
2155:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2079:
2073:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1755:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1599:expatriation tax
1579:attorney general
1576:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1309:
1181:Raoul Wallenberg
1124:Independence Day
1046:Grandparent rule
906:Agency in charge
900:Acts of Congress
639:
638:
634:
631:
625:
614:expatriation tax
591:State Department
583:dual citizenship
560:Dual citizenship
539:Robert D. Kaplan
188:higher education
94:, the rights to
6455:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6310:
6230:
6145:
6114:
6080:Electoral fraud
6068:
6064:Voting in space
6054:Recall election
6029:Absentee ballot
6010:
5888:
5882:
5806:
5800:
5795:
5758:
5740:
5713:
5691:
5689:
5675:
5673:Further reading
5670:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5603:
5602:
5595:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5565:
5557:
5555:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5529:
5514:
5510:
5480:
5476:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5421:
5417:
5405:
5397:
5395:
5385:
5378:
5366:
5358:
5356:
5344:
5340:
5326:
5324:
5309:
5300:
5287:
5285:
5275:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5215:
5211:
5197:
5195:
5185:
5176:
5155:
5153:
5143:
5134:
5121:
5119:
5118:on July 6, 2022
5104:
5091:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5047:
5045:
5035:
5031:
5018:
5016:
5006:
4997:
4981:Census Nonsense
4979:
4975:
4961:
4959:
4944:
4937:
4923:
4921:
4911:
4907:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4807:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4780:
4768:
4759:
4755:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4715:
4711:
4694:
4690:
4660:
4656:
4646:
4642:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4510:
4508:
4498:
4491:
4477:
4475:
4465:
4458:
4444:
4442:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4367:
4365:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4312:
4310:
4300:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4220:
4218:
4203:
4196:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4161:
4147:
4145:
4135:
4118:
4104:
4102:
4092:
4083:
4070:
4068:
4053:
4049:
4032:
4030:
4015:
4014:
4010:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3978:
3976:
3966:
3962:
3949:
3947:
3937:
3926:
3914:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3870:
3868:
3854:
3850:
3836:
3834:
3824:
3811:
3797:
3795:
3785:
3768:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3690:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3660:
3658:
3648:
3644:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3546:
3544:
3543:. July 22, 2007
3535:
3534:
3530:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3495:
3491:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3360:
3356:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3313:
3309:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3269:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3239:Washington Post
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3164:
3160:
3139:
3135:
3121:
3119:
3109:
3105:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3075:
3061:
3059:
3049:
3045:
3032:
3030:
3019:
3015:
2998:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2859:
2855:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2787:
2785:
2775:
2771:
2757:
2755:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2715:
2711:
2705:, friends said.
2682:
2680:
2670:
2666:
2652:
2650:
2635:
2631:
2617:
2615:
2603:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2540:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2487:
2483:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2435:
2424:
2420:
2408:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2322:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2295:
2291:
2278:
2276:
2262:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2217:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2172:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2080:
2076:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1759:Afroyim v. Rusk
1756:
1752:
1747:
1665:Politics portal
1663:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1612:
1568:
1541:
1535:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1393:
1359:
1301:
1285:
1264:
1252:civil procedure
1241:Alaska Airlines
1223:are considered
1217:
1201:Casimir Pulaski
1169:act of Congress
1141:
1112:
1079:
1072:
1026:executive order
944:
915:Albert Einstein
908:
896:
830:. In 1868, the
795:
789:
686:
672:
652:Afroyim v. Rusk
636:
632:
629:
627:
617:
606:Napoleonic Wars
562:
505:
482:who was CEO of
410:
331:serve on a jury
323:
209:
204:
123:legal immigrant
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6329:
6324:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6291:Freedom Summer
6288:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6257:Suffrage Hikes
6254:
6249:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6211:Guam residents
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6131:Gerrymandering
6128:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6016:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6006:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5969:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5898:
5892:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5878:26th Amendment
5875:
5873:24th Amendment
5870:
5868:23rd Amendment
5865:
5863:19th Amendment
5860:
5858:17th Amendment
5855:
5853:15th Amendment
5850:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5836:14th Amendment
5833:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5810:
5808:
5805:Constitutional
5802:
5801:
5794:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5757:
5756:External links
5754:
5753:
5752:
5738:
5725:
5711:
5698:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5650:
5618:
5593:
5575:
5539:
5508:
5474:
5446:
5415:
5376:
5338:
5298:
5269:
5241:
5209:
5174:
5132:
5089:
5059:
5029:
4995:
4973:
4935:
4905:
4875:
4851:
4817:
4795:
4778:
4753:
4735:
4709:
4688:
4684:American Samoa
4676:district court
4654:
4640:
4630:."); see also
4598:, p.5 note 3 (
4590:2012) (same);
4521:
4489:
4456:
4426:
4404:
4378:
4349:
4324:
4279:
4254:
4232:
4228:grandchildren.
4217:on May 2, 2008
4194:
4168:Michael Barone
4159:
4116:
4081:
4047:
4008:
3990:
3960:
3924:
3885:
3848:
3809:
3766:
3730:
3705:
3672:
3642:
3624:
3615:
3606:
3593:
3558:
3528:
3508:
3489:
3449:
3354:
3334:
3327:
3307:
3290:
3283:
3256:
3225:
3171:
3158:
3154:discrimination
3133:
3103:
3073:
3043:
3013:
2978:
2949:
2927:
2897:
2853:
2835:
2799:
2769:
2734:
2727:
2709:
2664:
2629:
2590:
2585:§ 1401(c)
2572:
2538:
2508:
2501:
2481:
2445:
2418:
2382:
2367:
2359:naturalization
2341:
2332:
2289:
2253:
2231:
2200:
2182:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2107:Google Scholar
2074:
2050:American Samoa
2041:
2017:Google Scholar
1975:
1942:Google Scholar
1900:
1867:Google Scholar
1825:
1801:Google Scholar
1749:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
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1706:
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1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
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1654:
1638:
1635:
1611:
1608:
1574:§ 1481(a)
1537:Main article:
1534:
1531:
1392:
1389:
1371:naturalization
1358:
1355:
1315:American Samoa
1284:
1281:
1263:
1260:
1233:Virgin America
1216:
1213:
1163:The title of "
1140:
1137:
1111:
1108:
1099:Doris Meissner
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1043:
1007:said that the
995:
990:Diversity Visa
960: (CVN-73)
943:
940:
907:
904:
895:
892:
791:Main article:
788:
785:
671:
668:
561:
558:
522:Dana D. Nelson
504:
501:
500:
499:
480:Indra K. Nooyi
464:Other benefits
461:
447:
437:
427:
421:
409:
406:
405:
404:
393:
355:
322:
319:
318:
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311:
277:
250:
244:
225:military draft
208:
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119:naturalization
66:with specific
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6452:
6441:
6438:
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6433:
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6415:
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6407:
6405:
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6400:
6399:Secret ballot
6397:
6395:
6394:Redistricting
6392:
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6380:
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6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
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6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6322:Ballot access
6320:
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6307:
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6152:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:Vote dilution
6117:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6105:Voter ID laws
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6090:Literacy test
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:Postal voting
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6005:
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5997:
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5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
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5958:
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5909:
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5847:
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5842:
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5834:
5832:
5831:1st Amendment
5829:
5825:
5822:
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5817:
5816:
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5812:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5799:
5792:
5787:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5739:9780700631926
5735:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5712:9780807051429
5708:
5704:
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5688:
5687:
5682:
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5664:
5660:
5654:
5635:
5628:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5572:
5571:public domain
5553:
5549:
5543:
5527:
5523:
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5504:
5500:
5496:
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5488:
5484:
5478:
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5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5411:public domain
5393:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5373:
5372:public domain
5354:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5335:
5322:
5318:
5317:Boston Review
5314:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5295:
5284:
5280:
5273:
5258:
5257:
5252:
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5230:
5226:
5225:
5224:FactCheck.org
5220:
5213:
5206:
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4909:
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4804:
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4785:
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4774:public domain
4765:
4763:
4757:
4749:
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4728:September 13,
4724:
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4629:
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4624:8 U.S.C.
4621:
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4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
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4584:673 F.3d 1089
4581:
4577:
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4408:
4392:
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4320:organization.
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3987:
3975:
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3935:
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3920:public domain
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3806:
3794:
3790:
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3779:
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3763:
3762:public domain
3744:
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3669:
3657:
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3638:
3634:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3603:
3597:
3590:
3589:public domain
3579:
3568:
3562:
3555:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3485:public domain
3467:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3442:8 U.S.C.
3439:
3435:
3434:8 U.S.C.
3431:
3427:
3426:8 U.S.C.
3423:
3419:
3418:8 U.S.C.
3415:
3411:
3410:8 U.S.C.
3407:
3403:
3402:8 U.S.C.
3399:
3395:
3394:8 U.S.C.
3391:
3387:
3386:8 U.S.C.
3383:
3379:
3378:8 U.S.C.
3375:
3371:
3370:8 U.S.C.
3367:
3363:
3362:8 U.S.C.
3358:
3352:
3348:
3347:8 U.S.C.
3344:
3338:
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3261:
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3240:
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3229:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3192:The Green Bag
3185:
3181:
3175:
3168:
3165:Note: women
3162:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3088:
3084:
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2886:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2832:
2831:public domain
2822:
2814:September 16,
2809:
2803:
2796:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2728:0-395-24971-6
2724:
2720:
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2704:
2700:
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2679:
2675:
2668:
2661:
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2586:
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2545:
2543:
2535:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2478:
2477:public domain
2458:
2457:
2449:
2442:
2441:public domain
2432:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2414:public domain
2396:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2375:8 U.S.C.
2371:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2328:public domain
2311:
2307:
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2298:
2297:8 U.S.C.
2293:
2286:
2275:
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2258:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2178:public domain
2160:
2154:
2150:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:Plyler v. Doe
2078:
2071:
2070:Palmyra Atoll
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1999:CourtListener
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1924:CourtListener
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1858:CourtListener
1850:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1783:CourtListener
1775:
1768:
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1754:
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1732:
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1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Birth tourism
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1623:
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1607:
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1600:
1596:
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1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:Boston Review
1509:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:Plyler v. Doe
1487:
1486:Supreme Court
1481:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1437:2008 election
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:Rudy Giuliani
1391:Controversies
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1323:
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1316:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:Mother Teresa
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:Polish Count
1145:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1077:Strong demand
1070:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
999:
996:
993:
991:
986:
985:
984:
981:
977:
973:
968:
961:
959:
953:
948:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
916:
912:
903:
901:
891:
887:
884:
879:
875:
873:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
841:Supreme Court
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:Palmyra Atoll
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
784:
782:
777:
773:
768:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:
710:
708:
707:public sphere
704:
700:
696:
691:
685:
676:
667:
665:
662:
658:
654:
653:
646:
644:
624:
620:
615:
609:
607:
603:
602:British Crown
599:
594:
592:
587:
585:
584:
575:
571:
570:United States
566:
557:
555:
551:
546:
545:
540:
535:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
513:
512:United States
509:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
445:
441:
438:
435:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
411:
401:
400:United States
397:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:all-volunteer
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
345:
344:
339:
332:
327:
315:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
238:
234:
231:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
146:
144:
138:
137:which reads:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
104:United States
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:United States
73:
69:
65:
62:that entails
61:
57:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
6359:Election law
6331:
6277:Publications
6186:Young adults
6100:Voter caging
6034:Early voting
6022:Voter access
5889:and agencies
5887:Federal laws
5729:
5702:
5692:September 3,
5690:. Retrieved
5684:
5653:
5641:. Retrieved
5634:the original
5621:
5613:the original
5608:
5578:
5556:. Retrieved
5551:
5542:
5530:. Retrieved
5525:
5521:
5511:
5494:
5490:
5483:Spiro, Peter
5477:
5465:. Retrieved
5456:
5449:
5432:
5428:
5418:
5396:. Retrieved
5391:
5357:. Retrieved
5350:
5341:
5332:
5327:December 16,
5325:. Retrieved
5321:the original
5316:
5293:
5288:December 16,
5286:. Retrieved
5282:
5272:
5260:. Retrieved
5254:
5244:
5232:. Retrieved
5222:
5212:
5203:
5198:November 19,
5196:. Retrieved
5192:
5161:
5156:November 19,
5154:. Retrieved
5150:
5127:
5122:November 19,
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