66:
40:
417:
243:
50:
1183:
1996:
1727:
1178:
1254:
5663:
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2090:, it lets these cleaners produce foam and work better without need for water softening. Citric acid is the active ingredient in some bathroom and kitchen cleaning solutions. A solution with a six percent concentration of citric acid will remove hard water stains from glass without scrubbing. Citric acid can be used in shampoo to wash out wax and coloring from the hair. Illustrative of its chelating abilities, citric acid was the first successful
2071:
1579:
5675:
1257:
1804:. Consequently, it forms complexes even with alkali metal cations. However, when a chelate complex is formed using all three carboxylate groups, the chelate rings have 7 and 8 members, which are generally less stable thermodynamically than smaller chelate rings. In consequence, the hydroxyl group can be deprotonated, forming part of a more stable 5-membered ring, as in
1259:
1258:
2319:
Although a weak acid, exposure to pure citric acid can cause adverse effects. Inhalation may cause cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. Over-ingestion may cause abdominal pain and sore throat. Exposure of concentrated solutions to skin and eyes can cause redness and pain. Long-term or repeated
2128:
in creams, gels, and liquids. Used in foods and dietary supplements, it may be classified as a processing aid if it was added for a technical or functional effect (e.g. acidulent, chelator, viscosifier, etc.). If it is still present in insignificant amounts, and the technical or functional effect is
2058:). Citric acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid can be used in
1706:
for the chemical synthesis of citric acid starting either from aconitic or isocitrate (also called alloisocitrate) calcium salts under high pressure conditions; this produced citric acid in near quantitative conversion under what appeared to be a reverse, non-enzymatic
1775:
between about pH 2 and pH 8. In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. The SSC 20X hybridization buffer is an example in common use. Tables compiled for biochemical studies are available.
1745:. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when citric acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C. Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous)
3465:
2911:
2600:
Silva, Andre M. N.; Kong, Xiaole; Hider, Robert C. (2009). "Determination of the pKa value of the hydroxyl group in the α-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by 13C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems".
1956:(the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis). In short, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl-CoA, which is then converted into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate.
3068:
Silva, Andre M. N.; Kong, Xiaole; Hider, Robert C. (2009). "Determination of the pKa value of the hydroxyl group in the α-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems".
1967:. This effect is advantageous: high concentrations of citrate indicate that there is a large supply of biosynthetic precursor molecules, so there is no need for phosphofructokinase to continue to send molecules of its substrate,
3177:
Matzapetakis, M.; Raptopoulou, C. P.; Tsohos, A.; Papaefthymiou, V.; Moon, S. N.; Salifoglou, A. (1998). "Synthesis, Spectroscopic and
Structural Characterization of the First Mononuclear, Water Soluble IronâCitrate Complex,
1912:. The cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. The chemical energy released is available under the form of
3463:
Saleem, Muhammad Hamzah; Ali, Shafaqat; Rehman, Muzammal; Rizwan, Muhammad; Kamran, Muhammad; Mohamed, Ibrahim A.A.; Khan, Zaid; Bamagoos, Atif A.; Alharby, Hesham F.; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Liu, Lijun (August 1, 2020).
1598:
have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/L in the juices). The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from
2033:
Citric acid can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid is used with
2383:
This still does not make the lemon particularly strongly acidic. This is because, as a weak acid, most of the acid molecules are not dissociated so not contributing to acidity inside the lemon or its juice.
1191:
3596:
Strang J, Keaney F, Butterworth G, Noble A, Best D (April 2001). "Different forms of heroin and their relationship to cook-up techniques: data on, and explanation of, use of lemon juice and other acids".
2236:
can be used as an inhibitor of kidney stones by increasing urine citrate levels, useful for prevention of calcium stones, and increasing urine pH, useful for preventing uric acid and cystine stones.
2230:, either dry or as a concentrated solution in water. It should be removed after soldering, especially with fine wires, as it is mildly corrosive. It dissolves and rinses quickly in hot water.
1158:
1718:
in beverages, some 20% in other food applications, 20% for detergent applications, and 10% for applications other than food, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and in the chemical industry.
3233:
Bergeron, Raymond J.; Xin, Meiguo; Smith, Richard E.; Wollenweber, Markus; McManis, James S.; Ludin, Christian; Abboud, Khalil A. (1997). "Total synthesis of rhizoferrin, an iron chelator".
2007:
Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies. Within the
1699:
it with calcium hydroxide to yield calcium citrate salt, from which citric acid is regenerated by treatment with sulfuric acid, as in the direct extraction from citrus fruit juice.
2086:
from boilers and evaporators. It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. By chelating the metals in
5636:
1646:
could produce citric acid from sugar. However, microbial production of citric acid did not become industrially important until World War I disrupted
Italian citrus exports.
3397:
Shweky, Itzhak; Bino, Avi; Goldberg, David P.; Lippard, Stephen J. (1994). "Syntheses, Structures, and
Magnetic Properties of Two Dinuclear Iron(III) Citrate Complexes".
1233:
1260:
1268:
1113:
2252:
can be produced via thermal isomerization of itaconic acid anhydride. The required itaconic acid anhydride is obtained by dry distillation of citric acid.
5243:
5238:
5631:
2833:
2405:
2022:. Citric acid has 247 kcal per 100 g. In the United States the purity requirements for citric acid as a food additive are defined by the
65:
1771:
of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4. The speciation diagram shows that solutions of citric acid are
2991:
1282:
3466:"Individual and combined application of EDTA and citric acid assisted phytoextraction of copper using jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) seedlings"
3125:
Maniatis, T.; Fritsch, E. F.; Sambrook, J. 1982. Molecular
Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
2473:
1714:
Global production was in excess of 2,000,000 tons in 2018. More than 50% of this volume was produced in China. More than 50% was used as an
3376:
Xiang Hao, Yongge Wei, Shiwei Zhang (2001): "Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic property of a binuclear iron(III) citrate complex".
466:
3719:
140:
1783:
like oranges and lemons depends on the citric acid concentration, with a higher concentration of citric acid resulting in a lower pH.
1275:
3799:
2673:
2802:. Hippolyte BailliĂšre, foreign bookseller to the Royal College of Surgeons, and to the Royal Society, 219, Regent Street. p.
39:
4059:
3983:
4017:
J. Zheng; F. Xiao; L. M. Qian; Z. R. Zhou (December 2009). "Erosion behavior of human tooth enamel in citric acid solution".
3018:
2877:
2708:
2429:
1921:
1058:
294:
4145:
2217:
1364:
1663:
in 1929. In this production technique, which is still the major industrial route to citric acid used today, cultures of
1603:
for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes; these values vary within species depending upon the
3273:
2850:
4044:
3361:
3161:
431:
2726:"Quantitative Assessment of Citric Acid in Lemon Juice, Lime Juice, and Commercially-Available Fruit Juice Products"
2146:
Citric acid is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties.
1789:
of citric acid can be prepared by careful adjustment of the pH before crystallizing the compound. See, for example,
5731:
4248:
4091:
2359:
1797:
49:
1380:
5741:
2103:
1139:
2018:. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many
3520:"ASTM A967 / A967M - 17 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts"
2774:
2648:
1431:
1089:
5746:
5736:
5706:
3825:"The effects of a single evening dose of alkaline citrate on urine composition and calcium stone formation"
1227:
374:
238:
5726:
2027:
1779:
Conversely, the pH of a 1 mM solution of citric acid will be about 3.2. The pH of fruit juices from
395:
5667:
5553:
2578:
2413:
1761:
1182:
880:
180:
5711:
5558:
4680:
1696:
250:
2481:
2210:
are alkaline, so a mild acid is used to neutralize and stop their action quickly, but commonly used
5298:
4485:
4138:
2304:
1305:
412:
3136:
2803:
5679:
5543:
5523:
5480:
5452:
4470:
2188:
2110:
1805:
5518:
5495:
4725:
4705:
3726:
2338:
2207:
1972:
1949:
1913:
1692:
1030:
4870:
4700:
3143:
2867:
2244:
Citric acid is a versatile precursor to many other organic compounds. Dehydration routes give
1971:, into glycolysis. Citrate acts by augmenting the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of
1896:
cid) cycle or the Krebs cycle, a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants, and bacteria.
1177:
5616:
5548:
5470:
4855:
2894:
2333:
2181:
1767:
values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 3.128, 4.761, and 6.396 at 25 °C. The pK
1634:
1205:
1170:
867:
78:
3640:
2220:
can be used as a blood acid regulator. The citric acid is included to improve palatability
2082:, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of
5272:
4241:
3477:
3302:
3033:
2930:
2023:
1968:
1941:
1708:
1611:
1582:
Lemons, oranges, limes, and other citrus fruits contain high concentrations of citric acid.
383:
88:
5346:
4358:
3897:
R. L. Shriner; S. G. Ford; l. J. Roll (1931). "Citraconic
Anhydride and Citraconic Acid".
2658:, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-06-02)
2543:
8:
5721:
5580:
5563:
5422:
5209:
4475:
4131:
3751:
2916:
isolate: II. Optimization of process parameters through statistical experimental designs"
2677:
1960:
1464:
200:
106:
3806:
3481:
3306:
3037:
2934:
2797:
1649:
In 1917, American food chemist James Currie discovered that certain strains of the mold
416:
242:
160:
116:
5621:
5485:
5283:
5184:
5048:
4994:
4966:
4805:
4675:
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4319:
3696:
3663:
3622:
3573:
3538:
3501:
3325:
3290:
3094:
3049:
2750:
2725:
2133:
2035:
2019:
730:
4123:
3870:
R. L. Shriner; S. G. Ford; l. J. Roll (1931). "Itaconic anhydride and itaconic acid".
3840:
3246:
5701:
5601:
5586:
5460:
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5320:
5315:
5199:
4865:
4690:
4660:
4490:
4480:
4284:
4215:
3953:
3852:
3844:
3800:"An Investigation of the Chemistry of Citric Acid in Military Soldering Applications"
3701:
3683:
3614:
3578:
3560:
3505:
3493:
3445:
3357:
3330:
3269:
3157:
3153:
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2846:
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2425:
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2099:
1881:
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1676:
1651:
1622:
1499:
1449:
1358:
986:
5533:
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3098:
3053:
1659:
began industrial-level production using this technique two years later, followed by
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5475:
5356:
5267:
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5214:
5204:
5189:
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4545:
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3320:
3310:
3242:
3215:
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2838:
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1503:
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1457:
1400:
1396:
1124:
933:
765:
599:
489:
4640:
2965:
2842:
2444:
440:
InChI=1S/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
346:
5716:
5655:
5611:
5596:
5528:
5397:
5336:
5277:
5137:
5084:
5068:
5058:
4984:
4976:
4951:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4850:
4755:
4745:
4685:
4655:
4625:
4615:
4565:
4535:
4495:
4435:
4395:
4299:
4274:
4234:
3774:
3424:
JOHNSON, WARREN C.; QUILL, LAURENCE L.; DANIELS, FARRINGTON (September 1, 1947).
2410:
Nomenclature of
Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013
2404:
2308:
2249:
2192:
2155:
2113:
1944:, and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and
1858:
1772:
1750:
1626:
1617:
Industrial-scale citric acid production first began in 1890 based on the
Italian
1498:
found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is
1476:
1318:
450:
InChI=1/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
3951:
Roger Adams; H. M. Chiles; C. F. Rassweiler (1925). "Acetonedicarboxylic Acid".
3425:
2513:
2184:, used for both qualitative and quantitative identification of reducing sugars.
2042:
formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (
339:
5513:
5351:
5194:
5063:
5043:
4989:
4860:
4825:
4735:
4645:
4635:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4520:
4353:
4309:
3679:
3441:
3261:
2351:
2233:
2163:
2008:
1945:
1801:
1790:
1730:
1703:
1660:
1495:
1374:
3555:
3489:
3385:
3082:
2614:
2129:
no longer present, it may be exempt from labeling <21 CFR §101.100(c)>.
1342:
5695:
5465:
5162:
4946:
4898:
4785:
4765:
4695:
4570:
4525:
4405:
4330:
4304:
3966:
3937:
3910:
3883:
3848:
3687:
3564:
3497:
3449:
2622:
2365:
2355:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2170:
2139:
Citric acid is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown
2119:
2059:
2039:
1909:
1643:
1630:
1003:
827:
726:
722:
584:
574:
276:
231:
20:
4057:
3315:
2799:
Elements of chemistry, including the applications of the science in the arts
5538:
5490:
5376:
5371:
5254:
5108:
5098:
4918:
4730:
4540:
4455:
4415:
4348:
4186:
4159:
3824:
3705:
3618:
3582:
3334:
3090:
2950:
2759:
2630:
2321:
2000:
1995:
1933:
1901:
1780:
1688:
1618:
1595:
1445:
1437:
1119:
805:
3856:
3519:
3176:
2899:. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. pp. 15â27.
2869:
A History of Lactic Acid Making: A Chapter in the
History of Biotechnology
2741:
2421:
1281:
5606:
5113:
5081:
4956:
4845:
4820:
4800:
4770:
4670:
4620:
4605:
4390:
4289:
3610:
2211:
1953:
1726:
1684:
1655:
could be efficient citric acid producers, and the pharmaceutical company
1639:
1294:
849:
4430:
4098:
3410:
1904:
with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for
1267:
220:
5427:
4515:
4510:
4450:
4420:
4410:
4338:
4181:
3950:
2095:
2087:
2047:
1964:
1937:
1861:
groups to form any of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and mixed esters.
1586:
Citric acid occurs in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably
1453:
1274:
845:
823:
801:
779:
758:
708:
514:
284:
251:
191:
4710:
3268:(5. ed., international ed., 3. printing ed.). New York: Freeman.
3219:
3045:
2556:
2102:
in the 1940s. In the 1950s, it was replaced by the far more efficient
1978:
Citrate is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of
1952:, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into
5093:
4875:
4835:
4795:
4720:
4560:
4445:
4400:
2777:[Note about lemon juice, as well as ways to crystallize it].
2224:
2199:
2125:
2083:
2079:
2055:
2051:
1905:
1786:
1749:(76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It
1738:
1510:
is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as
1472:
1468:
1434:
1102:
1972.34 kJ/mol (471.4 kcal/mol, 2.24 kcal/g) (monohydrate)
962:
5341:
3291:"Strongly bound citrate stabilizes the apatite nanocrystals in bone"
1800:
for the formation of these complexes are quite large because of the
1373:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
5626:
5432:
5412:
5407:
5381:
5361:
5123:
5103:
5017:
5012:
4780:
4715:
4665:
4585:
4440:
4385:
4372:
4176:
4016:
2174:
2012:
1680:
1604:
1600:
1404:
1240:
314:
268:
211:
3019:"Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers"
1675:-containing medium to produce citric acid. The source of sugar is
1629:, which was isolated and converted back to the acid using diluted
139:
5437:
5366:
5118:
5027:
5004:
4830:
4810:
4775:
4650:
4500:
4465:
4425:
4294:
4266:
3896:
3869:
2517:
2448:
1979:
1746:
1742:
1672:
1668:
783:
772:
735:
718:
714:
550:
326:
2775:"AnmÀrkning om Citron-saft, samt sÀtt at crystallisera densamma"
2593:
2070:
1578:
5417:
4890:
4840:
4790:
4760:
4750:
4740:
4630:
4610:
4600:
4575:
4555:
4550:
4530:
4505:
4460:
4314:
4279:
4257:
4191:
4168:
4155:
3137:"[16] Preparation of buffers for use in enzyme studies"
3017:
Goldberg, Robert N.; Kishore, Nand; Lennen, Rebecca M. (2002).
2140:
2091:
1656:
1587:
1573:
1441:
1410:
1407:
171:
2992:"Global Citric Acid Markets Report, 2011-2018 & 2019-2024"
2910:
Lotfy, Walid A.; Ghanem, Khaled M.; El-Helow, Ehab R. (2007).
1975:, another sign that there is no need to carry out glycolysis.
5637:
University of
California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
4343:
3991:
3112:
2651:
in
Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.);
1854:
1591:
1507:
1491:
358:
151:
129:
3595:
3262:"Section 16.2: The Glycolytic Pathway Is Tightly Controlled"
2723:
2187:
Citric acid can be used as an alternative to nitric acid in
2109:
In industry, it is used to dissolve rust from steel, and to
400:
4880:
4201:
3232:
2964:
Lamberti, Vincent; Gutierrez, Eddie N. (November 1, 1977).
2831:
Verhoff, Frank H.; Bauweleers, Hugo (2014). "Citric Acid".
1796:
The citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations. The
1757:
1215:
540:
305:
2653:
2120:
Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and foods
1691:
solution. After the mold is filtered out of the resulting
1621:
industry, where the juice was treated with hydrated lime (
4226:
3396:
3353:
2872:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 140â5.
589:
310 °C (590 °F; 583 K) decomposes from 175
3289:
Hu, Y.-Y.; Rawal, A.; Schmidt-Rohr, K. (December 2010).
1211:
1096:
1985.3 kJ/mol (474.5 kcal/mol, 2.47 kcal/g), 1960.6
4153:
3426:"Rare Earths Separation Developed on Manhattan Project"
2724:
Penniston KL, Nakada SY, Holmes RP, Assimos DG (2008).
2256:
can be synthesized by dehydration of citric acid using
2239:
2159:
1607:
and the circumstances under which the fruit was grown.
3664:"Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Patients With CKD"
1610:
Citric acid was first isolated in 1784 by the chemist
4058:
British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat (2009).
3462:
3350:
Food Composition Data: Production, Management and Use
3260:
Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy; Tymoczko, John (2003).
3016:
1959:
High concentrations of cytosolic citrate can inhibit
1753:
with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C.
269:
3537:
Tang, Sheau-Chung; Yang, Jen-Hung (April 10, 2018).
2136:
and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels.
1219:
3822:
3662:Chen, Wei; Abramowitz, Matthew K. (February 2014).
3423:
3347:
3288:
2909:
1733:
diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid
293:
5632:University of California Citrus Experiment Station
3259:
3253:
2169:Citric acid is used as an odorless alternative to
3539:"Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin"
2963:
2830:
2406:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
2062:to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye.
5693:
3752:"The Darkroom Cookbook: 3rd Edition (Paperback)"
345:
338:
3823:Berg, C.; Larsson, L.; Tiselius, H. G. (1992).
3348:Greenfield, Heather; Southgate, D.A.T. (2003).
3295:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2065:
1256:
115:
19:"E330" redirects here. For the locomotive, see
3661:
3067:
2966:"Chemical processes for preparing citric acid"
2834:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2779:Kungliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar
2599:
2214:leaves a strong vinegar odor in the darkroom.
2094:used for total ion-exchange separation of the
1936:and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into
4242:
4139:
1486:is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the
3923:
3341:
2656:, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69
1574:Natural occurrence and industrial production
4092:"Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Fifteenth Edition"
2865:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2400:
2398:
2158:properties of citrates are used to control
1999:Powdered citric acid being used to prepare
1721:
4249:
4235:
4146:
4132:
3720:"Pickling and Passivating Stainless Steel"
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
1963:, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of
1463:More than two million tons of citric acid
415:
241:
199:
3695:
3572:
3554:
3470:Environmental Technology & Innovation
3324:
3314:
2749:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2074:Structure of an iron(III) citrate complex
1927:
382:
93:2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
3536:
2698:
2453:
2395:
2311:of citric acid in fuming sulfuric acid.
2198:Citric acid can be used as a lower-odor
2069:
1994:
1725:
1614:, who crystallized it from lemon juice.
1577:
972:
4045:"Effect of Citric Acid on Tooth Enamel"
3978:
3976:
3430:Chemical & Engineering News Archive
2817:
2772:
2579:"Ionization Constants of Organic Acids"
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2362:(tricarballylic acid, carballylic acid)
411:
219:
5694:
4275:Australian and Papuan wild limes group
3924:Bruce, W. F. (1937). "Aconitic Acid".
3390:
3134:
2892:
2795:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2496:
2202:as part of the process for developing
1932:Citrate can be transported out of the
1313:345 °C (653 °F; 618 K)
1299:155 °C (311 °F; 428 K)
579:156 °C (313 °F; 429 K)
232:
43:Stereo skeletal formula of citric acid
4230:
4127:
3380:, volume 26, issue 4, pages 384â387.
3370:
2789:
2674:"Citric acid | C6H8O7 - PubChem"
2668:
2666:
2664:
1922:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
443:Key: KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
179:
159:
5674:
4084:
4051:
3994:. September 18, 2018. Archived from
3973:
2522:
2371:
2327:
2240:Synthesis of other organic compounds
2218:Citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate
1869:
1123:
3988:International Chemical Safety Cards
3772:
3749:
3668:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
2912:"Citric acid production by a novel
2896:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2637:
453:Key: KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYAM
329:
313:
53:Ball-and-stick model of citric acid
13:
2661:
1880:Citrate is an intermediate in the
1737:Citric acid can be obtained as an
1252:
48:
38:
14:
5758:
4119:
3148:. Vol. 1. pp. 138â146.
2320:consumption may cause erosion of
2180:Sodium citrate is a component of
1990:
1702:In 1977, a patent was granted to
1467:every year. It is used widely as
527:g/mol (monohydrate)
5673:
5662:
5661:
5650:
5649:
2360:propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
1181:
1176:
1090:Heat of combustion, higher value
64:
4037:
4010:
3944:
3917:
3890:
3863:
3816:
3805:. June 19, 1995. Archived from
3792:
3766:
3743:
3725:. Euro-inox.org. Archived from
3712:
3655:
3633:
3589:
3530:
3512:
3456:
3417:
3282:
3226:
3170:
3128:
3119:
3105:
3061:
3010:
2984:
2957:
2903:
2886:
2859:
2766:
2717:
2692:
2557:"Data for Biochemical Research"
2377:
1985:
1864:
1448:, it is an intermediate in the
1377:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
4031:10.1016/j.triboint.2008.12.008
3145:Methods in Enzymology Volume 1
2943:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.032
2773:Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1784).
2571:
2549:
2438:
2414:The Royal Society of Chemistry
1900:catalyzes the condensation of
1140:Occupational safety and health
1:
4914:Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
3841:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36795-2
3247:10.1016/S0040-4020(96)01061-7
2866:H. Benninga (June 30, 1990).
2843:10.1002/14356007.a07_103.pub3
2389:
2149:
1695:, citric acid is isolated by
5352:Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
3154:10.1016/0076-6879(55)01020-3
2699:Apleblat, Alexander (2014).
2223:Citric acid is an excellent
2078:Citric acid is an excellent
2066:Cleaning and chelating agent
2026:, which is published by the
1857:at one or more of its three
7:
2781:. 2nd series (in Swedish).
2581:. Michigan State University
2559:. ZirChrom Separations, Inc
2344:
2028:United States Pharmacopoeia
1331:or concentration (LD, LC):
34:
10:
5763:
4256:
3680:10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.017
3641:"Tissues that fight germs"
3442:10.1021/cen-v025n035.p2494
3378:Transition Metal Chemistry
3058:(Link added 4 August 2024)
2546:. Retrieved on 2014-06-02.
2162:in household cleaners and
2124:Citric acid is used as an
1873:
1756:Citric acid is a tribasic
1741:(water-free) form or as a
474:OC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O
18:
5645:
5572:
5559:Johann Christoph Volkamer
5506:
5451:
5390:
5329:
5297:
5268:Orange-flowered oxanthera
5252:
5223:
5171:
5149:
5136:
5077:
5036:
5026:
5003:
4975:
4937:
4889:
4691:Myrtle-leaved orange tree
4681:Midknight Valencia Orange
4369:
4328:
4264:
4200:
4167:
3556:10.3390/molecules23040863
3490:10.1016/j.eti.2020.100895
3083:10.1007/s10534-009-9224-5
2615:10.1007/s10534-009-9224-5
2314:
1884:, also known as the TCA (
1440:. It occurs naturally in
1371:
1327:
1157:
1137:
1132:
1106:
996:
979:
523:g/mol (anhydrous), 210.14
482:
462:
427:
99:
87:
77:
72:
63:
33:
3967:10.15227/orgsyn.005.0005
3938:10.15227/orgsyn.017.0001
3911:10.15227/orgsyn.011.0028
3884:10.15227/orgsyn.011.0070
3779:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3026:J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
2307:can also be prepared by
2305:Acetonedicarboxylic acid
1722:Chemical characteristics
1687:, or other inexpensive,
1228:Precautionary statements
5732:Food acidity regulators
5544:Walter Tennyson Swingle
5524:Lena B. Smithers Hughes
5215:Brown River finger lime
4019:Tribology International
3386:10.1023/A:1011055306645
3316:10.1073/pnas.1009219107
2837:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
2796:Graham, Thomas (1842).
2350:Closely related acids:
2208:Photographic developers
2173:for fabric dyeing with
1806:ammonium ferric citrate
5742:Photographic chemicals
5519:Robert Willard Hodgson
5210:Australian finger lime
4726:Palestinian sweet lime
4706:New Zealand grapefruit
4154:Digestives, including
4097:. 2006. Archived from
3829:The Journal of Urology
2923:Bioresource Technology
2893:Currie, James (1917).
2730:Journal of Endourology
2654:NIST Chemistry WebBook
2339:Japanese Pharmacopoeia
2075:
2004:
1950:acetyl-CoA carboxylase
1928:Other biological roles
1914:Adenosine triphosphate
1908:and is converted into
1734:
1583:
1452:, which occurs in the
1263:
1153:Skin and eye irritant
54:
44:
5617:List of citrus fruits
5190:Australian round lime
4856:Variegated pink lemon
3732:on September 12, 2012
2742:10.1089/end.2007.0304
2422:10.1039/9781849733069
2334:British Pharmacopoeia
2073:
1998:
1948:regulates the enzyme
1729:
1581:
1262:
52:
42:
5273:Large-leaf oxanthera
5185:New Guinea wild lime
4025:(11â12): 1558â1564.
3643:. CNN. July 14, 2004
3611:10.1081/ja-100103561
2484:on November 29, 2014
2024:Food Chemicals Codex
1969:fructose 6-phosphate
1942:fatty acid synthesis
1709:Krebs cycle reaction
1612:Carl Wilhelm Scheele
1245:(fire diamond)
89:Preferred IUPAC name
5747:Tricarboxylic acids
5737:Household chemicals
5707:Alpha hydroxy acids
5581:The Citrus Industry
5564:Herbert John Webber
5423:Orange flower water
5278:Wavy-leaf oxanthera
4476:Fairchild tangerine
3835:(3 Pt 2): 979â985.
3482:2020EnvTI..1900895S
3411:10.1021/ic00101a001
3399:Inorganic Chemistry
3307:2010PNAS..10722425H
3301:(52): 22425â22429.
3214:(50): 13266â13267.
3135:Gomori, G. (1955).
3113:"SSC - OpenWetWare"
3038:2002JPCRD..31..231G
2935:2007BiTec..98.3470L
2680:on January 19, 2022
2248:and its anhydride.
2038:in a wide range of
2020:dietary supplements
1961:phosphofructokinase
1924:for the discovery.
1853:Citric acid can be
1798:stability constants
1353:mg/kg (rats, oral)
600:Solubility in water
350: (monohydrate)
277:(antioxidants, ...)
30:
5727:E-number additives
5622:Mother Orange Tree
5284:Oxanthera brevipes
5244:Clymenia polyandra
5239:Clymenia platypoda
5200:Maiden's wild lime
5195:Russell River lime
4947:Cleopatra mandarin
4806:Smith Red Valencia
4526:Indian wild orange
3812:on March 15, 2020.
2182:Benedict's reagent
2134:alpha hydroxy acid
2132:Citric acid is an
2076:
2054:, and cleaning of
2036:sodium bicarbonate
2005:
1920:received the 1953
1735:
1584:
1381:Infobox references
1264:
55:
45:
28:
5689:
5688:
5602:Cold-hardy citrus
5587:Citrus production
5321:Trifoliate orange
5293:
5292:
5261:
5232:
5178:
5156:
5132:
5131:
5044:Hong Kong kumquat
4990:Mountain "citron"
4967:Willowleaf orange
4716:Orangelo/Chironja
4661:Melanesian papeda
4481:Florentine citron
4362:
4224:
4223:
4216:Hydrochloric acid
4072:on April 11, 2009
3954:Organic Syntheses
3926:Organic Syntheses
3405:(23): 5161â5162.
3220:10.1021/ja9807035
3046:10.1063/1.1416902
2929:(18): 3470â3477.
2914:Aspergillus niger
2879:978-0-7923-0625-2
2710:978-3-319-11232-9
2540:Fisher Scientific
2431:978-0-85404-182-4
2372:Explanatory notes
2328:Compendial status
2204:photographic film
2100:Manhattan Project
2011:it is denoted by
1882:citric acid cycle
1876:Citric acid cycle
1870:Citric acid cycle
1716:acidity regulator
1677:corn steep liquor
1665:Aspergillus niger
1652:Aspergillus niger
1625:) to precipitate
1623:calcium hydroxide
1500:trisodium citrate
1458:aerobic organisms
1450:citric acid cycle
1389:Chemical compound
1387:
1386:
1359:Safety data sheet
1206:Hazard statements
987:Crystal structure
858:g/100 g (25
836:g/100 g (25
814:g/100 g (25
792:g/100 g (25
569:°C, monohydrate)
396:CompTox Dashboard
141:Interactive image
59:
58:
16:Weak organic acid
5754:
5712:Chelating agents
5677:
5676:
5665:
5664:
5653:
5652:
5592:Citrus rootstock
5549:ChĆzaburĆ Tanaka
5507:Citrus botanists
5357:Grapefruit juice
5259:
5230:
5205:Mount White lime
5176:
5154:
5147:
5146:
5142:wild limes group
5078:Kumquat hybrids
5034:
5033:
4939:Mandarin oranges
4786:Satsuma mandarin
4546:Jamaican tangelo
4356:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4104:on July 22, 2011
4103:
4096:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4065:. Archived from
4064:
4060:"Index, BP 2009"
4055:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3998:on July 12, 2018
3980:
3971:
3969:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3775:"Sodium citrate"
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3750:Anchell, Steve.
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3599:Subst Use Misuse
3593:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3558:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3394:
3388:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3208:J. Am. Chem. Soc
3174:
3168:
3167:
3141:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3023:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2998:. March 19, 2019
2988:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2920:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2828:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2676:. Archived from
2670:
2659:
2646:
2635:
2634:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2547:
2537:
2520:
2511:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2480:. Archived from
2470:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2402:
2384:
2381:
2114:stainless steels
1918:Hans Adolf Krebs
1898:Citrate synthase
1849:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1773:buffer solutions
1569:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1504:triethyl citrate
1496:polyatomic anion
1465:are manufactured
1429:
1401:skeletal formula
1397:organic compound
1352:
1319:Explosive limits
1284:
1277:
1270:
1255:
1235:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1185:
1180:
1127:
1099:
1082:
1075:
1051:
1044:
1023:
1020:J/(mol·K) (26.85
1019:
1012:
997:Thermochemistry
974:
970:
956:
950:
934:Refractive index
861:
857:
839:
835:
817:
813:
795:
791:
755:
754:
753:
745:
744:
702:
698:
692:
688:
682:
678:
672:
668:
662:
658:
652:
648:
642:
638:
632:
628:
622:
618:
612:
608:
592:
568:
564:
559:g/cm (anhydrous)
558:
526:
522:
508:
490:Chemical formula
420:
419:
404:
402:
386:
349:
342:
331:
317:
297:
271:
253:
245:
234:
223:
203:
183:
163:
143:
119:
68:
35:
31:
27:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5641:
5612:Japanese citrus
5597:Citrus taxonomy
5568:
5554:Ikuro Takahashi
5529:David Mabberley
5502:
5447:
5398:Calcium citrate
5386:
5337:Calamansi juice
5325:
5303:
5301:
5289:
5260:(former genera)
5258:
5248:
5231:(former genera)
5229:
5219:
5177:(former genera)
5175:
5167:
5155:(former genera)
5153:
5141:
5139:
5128:
5085:Citrofortunella
5079:
5073:
5069:Malayan kumquat
5064:Jiangsu kumquat
5037:Kumquat species
5022:
4999:
4971:
4933:
4929:Yemenite citron
4924:Moroccan citron
4909:Diamante citron
4904:Corsican citron
4885:
4851:Valencia orange
4746:Ponderosa lemon
4616:Kobayashi mikan
4486:Forbidden fruit
4436:Cara cara navel
4396:Bergamot orange
4371:
4370:True and hybrid
4365:
4324:
4320:Ryukyu mandarin
4310:Mountain citron
4300:Mandarin orange
4260:
4255:
4225:
4220:
4196:
4163:
4152:
4122:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3949:
3945:
3922:
3918:
3895:
3891:
3868:
3864:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3748:
3744:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3594:
3590:
3535:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3461:
3457:
3422:
3418:
3395:
3391:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3356:. p. 146.
3346:
3342:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3258:
3254:
3231:
3227:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3139:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3066:
3062:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2962:
2958:
2918:
2908:
2904:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2829:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2794:
2790:
2771:
2767:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2647:
2638:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2538:
2523:
2512:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2454:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2416:. p. 747.
2403:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2347:
2330:
2317:
2309:decarboxylation
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2250:Citraconic acid
2242:
2193:stainless steel
2164:pharmaceuticals
2152:
2122:
2080:chelating agent
2068:
1993:
1988:
1930:
1878:
1872:
1867:
1859:carboxylic acid
1847:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1770:
1765:
1724:
1627:calcium citrate
1576:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1506:. When citrate
1477:chelating agent
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1310:
1307:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1230:
1208:
1194:
1173:
1150:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:Std enthalpy of
1049:
1045:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
989:
968:
954:
952:
948:
947:1.493â1.509 (20
944:
942:
926:
919:
917:
910:
908:
901:
899:
889:
859:
855:
837:
833:
815:
811:
793:
789:
769:
762:
752:
749:
748:
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
736:
733:
700:
696:
694:
690:
686:
684:
680:
676:
674:
670:
666:
664:
660:
656:
654:
650:
646:
644:
640:
636:
634:
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
590:
566:
562:
560:
556:
524:
520:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:
478:
475:
470:
469:
458:
455:
454:
451:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
423:
405:
398:
389:
369:
353:
332:
320:
300:
287:
263:
226:
206:
186:
166:
146:
133:
122:
109:
95:
94:
83:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5671:
5659:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5576:
5574:
5573:Related topics
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5534:Clément Rodier
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5514:Clara H. Hasse
5510:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5311:
5309:
5299:Related genera
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5144:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4985:Celebes papeda
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4871:XĂŁ ÄoĂ i orange
4868:
4863:
4861:Volkamer lemon
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4736:Pixie mandarin
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4636:Lemonade fruit
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4596:Kinkoji unshiu
4593:
4588:
4583:
4581:Kawachi bankan
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4521:Imperial lemon
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Kumquats group
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4128:
4121:
4120:External links
4118:
4116:
4115:
4083:
4050:
4036:
4009:
3972:
3943:
3916:
3889:
3862:
3815:
3791:
3765:
3742:
3711:
3674:(2): 311â317.
3654:
3632:
3588:
3529:
3511:
3455:
3416:
3389:
3369:
3362:
3340:
3281:
3275:978-0716746843
3274:
3252:
3241:(2): 427â434.
3225:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3162:
3127:
3118:
3104:
3077:(5): 771â778.
3060:
3032:(1): 231â370.
3009:
2996:prnewswire.com
2983:
2970:Google Patents
2956:
2902:
2885:
2878:
2858:
2852:978-3527306732
2851:
2816:
2788:
2765:
2736:(3): 567â570.
2716:
2709:
2691:
2660:
2636:
2609:(5): 771â778.
2592:
2570:
2548:
2521:
2495:
2452:
2437:
2430:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2352:isocitric acid
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2316:
2313:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2241:
2238:
2234:Alkali citrate
2151:
2148:
2121:
2118:
2067:
2064:
2009:European Union
1992:
1991:Food and drink
1989:
1987:
1984:
1946:allosterically
1929:
1926:
1874:Main article:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1802:chelate effect
1791:sodium citrate
1768:
1763:
1723:
1720:
1704:Lever Brothers
1661:Citrique Belge
1575:
1572:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1502:; an ester is
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1375:standard state
1372:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1234:P305+P351+P338
1231:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
985:
982:
981:
977:
976:
965:
959:
958:
945:
940:
932:
929:
928:
924:
915:
906:
897:
891:
887:
877:
876:
873:
864:
863:
852:
842:
841:
830:
820:
819:
808:
798:
797:
786:
776:
775:
767:
760:
750:
741:
711:
705:
704:
603:
598:
595:
594:
587:
581:
580:
577:
571:
570:
553:
547:
546:
543:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:
517:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
485:
484:
480:
479:
477:
476:
473:
465:
464:
463:
460:
459:
457:
456:
452:
449:
448:
446:
442:
439:
438:
430:
429:
428:
425:
424:
422:
421:
408:
406:
394:
391:
390:
388:
387:
379:
377:
371:
370:
368:
367:
363:
361:
355:
354:
352:
351:
343:
335:
333:
325:
322:
321:
319:
318:
310:
308:
302:
301:
299:
298:
290:
288:
283:
280:
279:
273:
265:
264:
262:
261:
257:
255:
247:
246:
236:
228:
227:
225:
224:
216:
214:
208:
207:
205:
204:
196:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
176:
174:
168:
167:
165:
164:
156:
154:
148:
147:
145:
144:
136:
134:
127:
124:
123:
121:
120:
112:
110:
105:
102:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
61:
60:
57:
56:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5759:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5682:
5681:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5135:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:Round kumquat
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:Meiwa kumquat
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4995:Ichang papeda
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4899:Balady citron
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:Sweet limetta
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Rhobs el Arsa
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Nagpur orange
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:LimĂłn de Pica
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:Bitter orange
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4368:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:Mangshanyegan
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4285:Ichang papeda
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4046:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4013:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3984:"Citric acid"
3979:
3977:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3754:. Focal Press
3753:
3746:
3728:
3721:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3642:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3605:(5): 573â88.
3604:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
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3379:
3373:
3365:
3363:9789251049495
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
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3292:
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3277:
3271:
3267:
3263:
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3248:
3244:
3240:
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3221:
3217:
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3165:
3163:9780121818012
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3131:
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3114:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3055:
3051:
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3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
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2997:
2993:
2987:
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2967:
2960:
2952:
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2940:
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2917:
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2881:
2875:
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2870:
2862:
2854:
2848:
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2840:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2580:
2574:
2558:
2552:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:"citric acid"
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2366:Acids in wine
2364:
2361:
2357:
2356:aconitic acid
2353:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:sulfuric acid
2255:
2254:Aconitic acid
2251:
2247:
2246:itaconic acid
2237:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:white vinegar
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2098:, during the
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2060:food coloring
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:aconitic acid
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1781:citrus fruits
1777:
1774:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1697:precipitating
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:, hydrolyzed
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:are fed on a
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1631:sulfuric acid
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:citrus fruits
1580:
1571:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:citrus fruits
1439:
1436:
1433:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:Pharmacology
1105:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1004:Heat capacity
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
984:
983:
978:
966:
964:
961:
960:
946:
939:
935:
931:
930:
923:
914:
905:
896:
892:
886:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:
866:
865:
853:
851:
847:
844:
843:
831:
829:
828:diethyl ether
825:
822:
821:
809:
807:
803:
800:
799:
787:
785:
781:
778:
777:
774:
770:
763:
756:
734:Insoluble in
732:
728:
727:ethyl acetate
724:
720:
716:
712:
710:
707:
706:
604:
601:
597:
596:
588:
586:
585:Boiling point
583:
582:
578:
576:
575:Melting point
573:
572:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
542:
539:
538:
534:
531:
530:
518:
516:
513:
512:
494:
491:
487:
486:
481:
472:
471:
468:
461:
447:
437:
436:
433:
426:
418:
414:
413:DTXSID3020332
410:
409:
407:
397:
393:
392:
385:
381:
380:
378:
376:
373:
372:
365:
364:
362:
360:
357:
356:
348:
344:
341:
337:
336:
334:
328:
324:
323:
316:
312:
311:
309:
307:
304:
303:
296:
292:
291:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
274:
272:
267:
266:
259:
258:
256:
254:
249:
248:
244:
240:
237:
235:
233:ECHA InfoCard
230:
229:
222:
218:
217:
215:
213:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
195:
193:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
175:
173:
170:
169:
162:
158:
157:
155:
153:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
135:
131:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
111:
108:
104:
103:
98:
90:
86:
80:
76:
71:
67:
62:
51:
47:
41:
37:
36:
32:
26:
22:
21:FS Class E330
5678:
5666:
5654:
5579:
5539:Robert Soost
5491:Phytophthora
5471:CTV/Tristeza
5402:
5377:Yuja-hwachae
5372:Orange juice
5314:
5305:
5282:
5253:
5224:
5172:
5150:
5109:Mandarinquat
5099:Citrangequat
5054:Oval kumquat
4919:Greek citron
4731:Persian lime
4591:Khasi papeda
4541:Jaffa orange
4456:Coorg orange
4416:Blood orange
4359:sweet orange
4210:
4204:preparations
4187:Pancrelipase
4106:. Retrieved
4099:the original
4086:
4074:. Retrieved
4067:the original
4053:
4039:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4002:September 9,
4000:. Retrieved
3996:the original
3987:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3807:the original
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3778:
3768:
3756:. Retrieved
3745:
3734:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3714:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3635:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3524:www.astm.org
3523:
3514:
3473:
3469:
3458:
3436:(35): 2494.
3433:
3429:
3419:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3377:
3372:
3349:
3343:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3266:Biochemistry
3265:
3255:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3211:
3207:
3172:
3144:
3130:
3121:
3107:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3029:
3025:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2995:
2986:
2981:(US 4056567)
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2959:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2905:
2895:
2888:
2868:
2861:
2832:
2807:. Retrieved
2798:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2703:. Springer.
2700:
2694:
2684:December 19,
2682:. Retrieved
2678:the original
2652:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2551:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:the original
2478:chemister.ru
2477:
2440:
2409:
2379:
2322:tooth enamel
2318:
2303:
2243:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2197:
2186:
2179:
2168:
2153:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2108:
2077:
2043:
2040:effervescent
2032:
2015:
2006:
2001:lemon pepper
1986:Applications
1977:
1958:
1934:mitochondria
1931:
1902:oxaloacetate
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1865:Biochemistry
1852:
1795:
1785:
1778:
1755:
1736:
1713:
1701:
1689:carbohydrate
1664:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1619:citrus fruit
1616:
1609:
1585:
1483:
1481:
1462:
1446:biochemistry
1438:organic acid
1392:
1391:
1328:
1306:Autoignition
1241:
1197:
1159:
1149:Main hazards
1138:
1068:
1037:
1008:
937:
921:
918:= 6.39, 6.40
912:
903:
894:
884:
869:
806:amyl acetate
535:white solid
359:RTECS number
100:Identifiers
29:Citric acid
25:
5607:Hesperidium
5403:Citric acid
5173:Microcitrus
5163:Desert lime
5151:Eromocitrus
5114:Procimequat
4957:Nanfengmiju
4866:Winged lime
4846:Tsunonozomi
4821:Sweet lemon
4816:Suruga yuko
4801:Shonan Gold
4771:Rough lemon
4671:Meyer lemon
4606:Kishu mikan
4566:Kakadu lime
4491:Ginger lime
4391:Assam lemon
4290:Kaffir lime
4211:Citric acid
4076:February 4,
3235:Tetrahedron
3002:October 28,
2701:Citric acid
2649:Citric acid
2585:January 11,
2563:January 11,
2544:Citric acid
2212:acetic acid
2189:passivation
2096:lanthanides
1954:malonyl-CoA
1743:monohydrate
1685:corn starch
1640:Penicillium
1637:discovered
1633:. In 1893,
1599:0.005
1393:Citric acid
1343:median dose
1329:Lethal dose
1308:temperature
1295:Flash point
1192:Signal word
1143:(OHS/OSH):
992:Monoclinic
850:1,4-dioxane
713:Soluble in
532:Appearance
483:Properties
239:100.000.973
161:CHEBI:30769
82:Citric acid
5722:Condiments
5696:Categories
5668:Production
5461:Black spot
5428:Orange oil
5140:and Papuan
5138:Australian
4516:Hyuganatsu
4511:Heen naran
4451:Clementine
4421:Byeonggyul
4411:Blood lime
4339:Grapefruit
4182:Pancreatin
4108:4 February
3899:Org. Synth
3872:Org. Synth
3758:January 1,
3736:2013-01-01
3549:(4): 863.
3476:: 100895.
2785:: 105â109.
2390:References
2150:Other uses
2088:hard water
2052:bath bombs
2048:bath salts
1982:crystals.
1965:glycolysis
1938:acetyl-CoA
1892:arboxylic
1855:esterified
1787:Acid salts
1751:decomposes
1731:Speciation
1693:suspension
1494:, and the
1454:metabolism
1430:. It is a
1171:Pictograms
1052:J/(mol·K)
980:Structure
846:Solubility
824:Solubility
802:Solubility
780:Solubility
709:Solubility
515:Molar mass
384:XF417D3PSL
285:IUPHAR/BPS
192:ChemSpider
181:ChEMBL1261
128:3D model (
107:CAS Number
79:IUPAC name
5496:citricola
5486:Mal secco
5476:Exocortis
5304:properly
5255:Oxanthera
5094:Calamansi
4962:Tachibana
4836:Tangerine
4796:Shangjuan
4721:Oroblanco
4676:Micrantha
4561:Kaji Nemu
4446:Citrumelo
4401:Bizzarria
4373:cultivars
3849:0022-5347
3784:August 2,
3773:PubChem.
3688:0272-6386
3565:1420-3049
3543:Molecules
3506:219432688
3498:2352-1864
3450:0009-2347
3071:Biometals
2975:August 4,
2623:0966-0844
2603:BioMetals
2445:CID 22230
2225:soldering
2200:stop bath
2175:acid dyes
2156:buffering
2126:acidulant
2111:passivate
2084:limescale
2003:seasoning
1906:aconitase
1739:anhydrous
1635:C. Wehmer
1473:flavoring
1469:acidifier
1432:colorless
1399:with the
1162:labelling
1061:formation
1031:Std molar
963:Viscosity
953:1.46 (150
545:Odorless
366:GE7350000
260:201-069-1
252:EC Number
5702:Citrates
5656:Category
5627:Orangery
5481:Greening
5453:Diseases
5433:Orangeat
5413:Limonene
5408:Lemonene
5391:Products
5382:Yuja tea
5362:Lemonade
5316:Poncirus
5302:(perhaps
5226:Clymenia
5124:Yuzuquat
5104:Limequat
5028:Kumquats
5018:Dangyuja
5013:Banpeiyu
4952:ShÄ«kwÄsÄ
4781:Sanbokan
4701:Nasnaran
4666:Melogold
4586:Key lime
4441:Citrange
4431:Cam sĂ nh
4386:Amanatsu
4177:Diastase
3706:23932089
3619:11419488
3583:29642579
3352:. Rome:
3335:21127269
3099:11615864
3091:19288211
3054:94614267
2951:17317159
2760:18290732
2631:19288211
2408:(2014).
2345:See also
2284:CCH=C(CO
2280:H â HO
2013:E number
1844:·2H
1681:molasses
1605:cultivar
1508:trianion
1242:NFPA 704
1133:Hazards
1128:)
1114:ATC code
973:aq. sol.
971:cP (50%
699:w/w (100
565:g/cm (18
270:E number
212:DrugBank
5680:Commons
5438:Succade
5367:Limeade
5347:Curaçao
5119:Sunquat
5005:Pomelos
4977:Papedas
4891:Citrons
4831:Tangelo
4811:Sudachi
4776:Samuyao
4756:Rangpur
4711:Ćgonkan
4686:Murcott
4656:Mandora
4651:Mandelo
4626:Komikan
4501:Hassaku
4466:Dekopon
4426:Biasong
4331:hybrids
4267:species
4169:Enzymes
4156:enzymes
3857:1507355
3697:3946919
3627:8516420
3574:6017965
3478:Bibcode
3326:3012505
3303:Bibcode
3034:Bibcode
2931:Bibcode
2809:June 4,
2751:2637791
2518:PubChem
2514:CID 311
2488:June 1,
2449:PubChem
2296:H + H
2276:C(OH)CO
2030:(USP).
1980:apatite
1916:(ATP).
1810:[NH
1760:, with
1747:ethanol
1673:glucose
1669:sucrose
1484:citrate
1456:of all
1198:Warning
1122: (
1120:A09AB04
1083:kJ/mol
1079:â1543.8
1033:entropy
927:= 14.4
881:Acidity
784:ethanol
773:toluene
719:alcohol
715:acetone
689:w/w (90
679:w/w (80
669:w/w (70
659:w/w (60
649:w/w (50
639:w/w (40
629:w/w (30
619:w/w (20
609:w/w (10
551:Density
519:192.123
509:
327:PubChem
221:DB04272
117:77-92-9
5717:Citrus
5466:Canker
5418:Neroli
5342:Chƫhai
5330:Drinks
5306:Citrus
4841:Tangor
4791:Setoka
4761:Reikou
4751:Ponkan
4741:Pompia
4631:Laraha
4611:Kiyomi
4601:Kinnow
4576:Kanpei
4556:Kabosu
4551:Kabbad
4536:Jabara
4531:Iyokan
4506:Hebesu
4496:Haruka
4471:Encore
4461:Daidai
4381:Alemow
4354:Orange
4329:Major
4315:Pomelo
4280:Citron
4258:Citrus
4192:Pepsin
3905:: 28.
3878:: 70.
3855:
3847:
3704:
3694:
3686:
3647:May 8,
3625:
3617:
3581:
3571:
3563:
3504:
3496:
3448:
3360:
3333:
3323:
3272:
3160:
3097:
3089:
3052:
2949:
2876:
2849:
2758:
2748:
2707:
2629:
2621:
2428:
2358:, and
2315:Safety
2141:heroin
2092:eluant
2056:grease
1657:Pfizer
1592:Lemons
1560:O(COO)
1492:esters
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