Claire Lee Chennault

1237: 1226: 941:. The 14th Air Force bombed the supply lines of the advancing Japanese and Chennault reported to Washington that his "boys" had shot down 210 Japanese planes in the aerial battles over Hengyang. However, the Chinese soldiers holding Hengyang were ill-equipped, with the American journalist Teddy White reporting that only a third of the Chinese infantrymen had rifles, their artillery consisted of just two French artillery guns from World War I, and the majority lived on starvation rations of one bowl of rice per day. Despite their bravery in resisting Japanese assaults on Hengyang all through July and August 1944, the Chinese weaknesses in regards to weapons and food began to tell with Xue reporting his men badly needed supplies to hold Hengyang. Channault wanted to airdrop food, weapons and ammunition to the 10th Army but was vetoed by Stilwell on the grounds that to air drop supplies would "set a precedent for further demands that could not be met." Chennault did have the pilots of the 14th Air Force brave Japanese anti-aircraft fire to fly in as low as 300 feet to drop supplies of food, ammunition and medical supplies, but Xue stated he needed far more. A request from Chennault to air drop 500 tons of weapons to the 10th Army was rejected by Stilwell as a "waste of effort." On 7 August 1944, Xue reported the Imperial Japanese Army had broken his defense lines and entered Hengyang and the next day, Hengyang fell with Xue ordering his men to abandon the city. Fenby wrote that Hengyang would have probably fallen as the Japanese had committed overwhelming force, but the city could have held out far longer than the seven weeks that it did if only Xue and his 10th Army had received more supplies, stating that Stilwell was remiss in attempting to command Sino-American forces fighting in Burma and in China at the same time. 930:—the largest Japanese offensive of all time—that committed 1 million Japanese soldiers to action. The 14th Air Force was involved in strafing and bombing attacks against the Japanese advancing on the city of Changsha, which Japanese had tried and failed to take three previous times since 1938, making the city into a symbol of Chinese defiance. Relations between Stilwell and Chennault reached their low point in 1944. Stilwell used the success of Operation Ichi-Go as proof the fallacy of Chennault's claim that air power alone could defeat Japan while Chennault accused of Stilwell of deliberately taking a defeatist attitude as a gambit to force Chiang to cede more powers of command to him. As the Japanese took Changsha in June 1944, Chennault criticized Stilwell for trying to command the Chinese armies from Burma, sending a message to Washington saying no-one had seen Stilwell in southern China recently. 1108: 463: 137: 1910: 1748: 110: 2206: 1757: 148: 1862: 1816: 1926: 1873: 1782: 1798: 161: 1903: 1825: 2247:"AVG fighter aircraft came from a Curtiss assembly line producing Tomahawk IIB models for the Royal Air Force in North Africa. The Tomahawk IIB was similar to the U.S. Army's earlier P-40B model, and there is some evidence that Curtiss used leftover components from that model in building the fighters intended for China. The fighters were purchased without "government-furnished equipment" such as reflector gunsights, radios and wing guns; the lack of those items caused continual difficulties for the AVG in Burma and China. 1919: 915:

going to visit brothels, regardless of what the rules said, and that was better to have them visit a brothel whose women were inspected for venereal diseases than one that was not since a man in the hospital for a venereal disease was one less man who could participate in the war. Stilwell was enraged when he heard about Chennault's brothel and promptly had it shut down by saying it was disgraceful that an officer of the US Army Air Force would open such an establishment. British Field Marshal

384: 1835: 2218: 1764: 1776: 1742: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1810: 1730: 40: 1791: 1692: 1674: 1654: 1612: 1634: 1590: 1572: 1547: 1523: 1501: 1483: 1463: 127: 666: 1880: 399:, on September 6, 1893, although there is no documentary proof of his birthdate or place of birth. For most of his life, he gave 1890 as his birth year, but his widow corrected that to 1893 after his death. His parents were John Stonewall Jackson Chennault and Jessie (née Lee) Chennault. His surname is of French origin; the French pronunciation is "Shen-OH", but his family pronounced it "Shen-AWLT". 653: 2194: 414:. He began misrepresenting his year of birth as either 1889 or 1890, possibly because he was too young to attend college after he graduated from high school and so his father added three years to his age. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1901 and he was raised by his aunt, Louise Chase, along with his brother and her sons. 692:

the President of the United States, an agreement was reached to provide China the 100 P-40B Tomahawk aircraft which had originally been built for Britain, but which the British were persuaded to give up in preference for newer models rapidly being built. With an agreement reached, General Mao returned to China aboard the

1340:, and Chennault Park, also in Monroe, are also named in his honor. Nell Martien Calloway, named for her grandmother, Nell Thompson Chennault, and the daughter of Rosemary Simrall and Simrall's first husband, Norman Hopkins Martien Jr. (1926–2012), is the director of the Chennault Aviation and Military Museum in Monroe. 1236: 1225: 726:

in Burma along with the slow introduction of replacement fighter aircraft were continual impediments although the AVG received 50 replacement P-40E fighters from USAAF stocks that had been originally scheduled for shipment to Britain but cancelled by the Tomahawk's inferior flight performance to German fighters.

1135:. His honorary promotion was authorized by a special bill of relief passed by Congress, likely the first of such bills for a retired USAF officer. A statutory waiver was required to promote a retiree like Chennault who was not otherwise on duty or eligible for promotion. He and Anna Chan are interred at 739:

single-handed. The U.S. Army was opposed to that scheme and raised obstacles by noting that being able to reach Japan depended on Chiang's troops being able to build and protect airfields and bases close enough to Japan, which they doubted that he could do. It also had little confidence in Chennault.

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said that the cancer, the result of years of smoking cigarettes, would kill him in six months. He and his wife took the opportunity to tour Europe one last time, and they landed in Taiwan in January 1958 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of CAT. Chennault was very weak, unable to cut the cake. He and

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for his pilots and recruited English-speaking prostitutes from Hong Kong who fled to the inland of China to escape the Japanese. He argued that his men needed sex and it was better to have his "boys" visit a brothel that was regularly inspected to reduce venereal diseases. Chennault felt his men were

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Poor health (deafness and chronic bronchitis), disputes with superiors, and the fact that he was passed over as unqualified for promotion led Chennault to resign from the military on April 30, 1937; he separated from the service at the rank of major. As a civilian, he was recruited to go to China and

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The schnellbomber (fast bomber) was just what the Japanese needed... the Japanese believed that they could force Chiang Kai-Shek and his government to submit using only strategic bombing... the Japanese planes planned to penetrate Chinese airspace and use superior speed to avoid fighter interception

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The official Army history notes that 23 July 1941 FDR "approved a Joint Board paper which recommended that the United States equip, man, and maintain the 500-plane Chinese Air Force proposed by Currie. The paper suggested for the force to embark on a vigorous program to be climaxed by the bombing of

1095:. The book covers his entire life but is especially detailed in recording his experience in China. The difficulties that he faced in modernizing fighter tactics, even in emphasizing airpower as a weapon, are clearly explained. His disagreements with and criticisms of the theater commander, General 958:

overland route continued throughout 1944 and was completed in January 1945. Training of the new Chinese divisions commenced; however, predictions of monthly tonnage (65,000 per month) over the road were never achieved. By the time Nationalist armies began to receive large amounts of supplies via the

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dominated the skies over Burma, a superiority that was never to be relinquished. At the same time, logistical support reaching India and China via the Hump finally reached levels permitting an Allied offensive into northern Burma. Chennault had long argued for expansion of the airlift, doubting that

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Stilwell and Chennault loathed each other partly because of their very different personalities, which were described by the British journalist Jonathan Fenby as a clash between Stilwell, the New England Puritan and proud "Yankee" who "prized moral courage" above all else, and Chennault, the Southern

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CAMCO delivered 99 Tomahawks before war broke out. (Many of those were later destroyed in training accidents.) The 100th fuselage was trucked to a CAMCO plant in Loiwing, China, and later made whole with parts from damaged aircraft. Shortages in equipment with spare parts almost impossible to obtain

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with Captain (should be Major) Chennault, Dr. Soong, and General Mao on December 21. On April 25, 1941, the United States and China formally signed a $ 50 million stabilization agreement to support the Chinese currency. By December 23, 1940, upon approval by the War Department, State Department, and

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The sharply differing assessments held by Stillwell and Chennault came out in a meeting in 1943 with President Roosevelt, who asked both commanders for their opinion of Chiang. Stillwell stated: "He's a vacillating, tricky, undependable old scoundrel who never keeps his word." Chennault by contrast

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Chennault recruited some 300 American pilots and ground crew, posing as tourists, who were adventurers or mercenaries, not necessarily idealists out to save China. But under Chennault they developed into a crack fighting unit, always going against superior Japanese forces. They became the symbol of

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Despite the military advice, U.S. civilian leaders were captivated by the idea of China winning the war with Japan swiftly with only a few U.S. airmen and planes. It was adopted by top civilian officials including Treasury Secretary Morgenthau and President Roosevelt himself. However, the American

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Chennault believed that the Fourteenth Air Force, operating out of bases in China, could attack Japanese forces in concert with Nationalist troops. For his part, Stilwell wanted air assets diverted to his command to support the opening of a ground supply route through northern Burma to China. The

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Chiang Kai-shek favored Chennault's plans, since he was suspicious of British colonial interests in Burma. He was also concerned about alliances with semi-independent generals supporting the Nationalist government, and was concerned that a major loss of military forces would enable his Communist

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A year before the U.S. officially entered the war, Chennault developed an ambitious plan for a sneak attack on Japanese bases. His Flying Tigers would use U.S. bombers and U.S. pilots, all with Chinese markings. He made the fantastic claim that a handful of fliers and planes could win the war

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His children from the first marriage were Col. John Stephen Chennault, USAF Ret. (1913–1977), Max Thompson Chennault (1914–2001), Charles Lee Chennault (1918–1967), Peggy Sue Chennault Lee (1919–2004), Claire Patterson Chennault (November 24, 1920 – October 3, 2011), David Wallace Chennault

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The Soviet Volunteer Group, as well as Chinese pilots flying new Russian fighters supplied via Operation Zet, would have their first taste of combat as the Japanese forces closed in on Nanking. With the pre-war Chinese Air Force down to its last few Hawks, the reinforcements came just in

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Thus, Claire Chennault became America's "first military leader" to be publicly recognized for striking a blow against the Japanese military forces – despite not being a member of the American military, but a civilian mercenary who was paid and promoted to colonel by Chiang Kai-Shek.

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The Flying Tigers fought the Japanese for seven months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Chennault's three squadrons used P-40s, and his tactics of "defensive pursuit", formulated in the years when bombers were actually faster than intercepting fighter aircraft, to guard the

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in 1894 forbidding marriage between whites and non-whites, Chennault had been informed by his lawyer that his marriage to Anna was illegal in Louisiana, and to ensure his will was respected, Chennault—who lived in Monroe, Louisiana—had his will probated in Washington, D.C.

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Cheung, 2015, p. 74. The Soviet-made fighters burning low-grade fuel simply did not have the performance necessary to engage the high-tech Japanese raiders with superchargers and burning high-octane... Chinese fighters could make only one slow firing-pass at the Japanese

654: 1099:, who was trained in the infantry and seen by Chennault as unappreciative of the capabilities of airpower, are a major portion of the memoirs. The book ends with his retirement from the Air Force and his return to China six months later to aid the nation's recovery. 703:, on January 24, 1941. Chennault followed shortly after with a promise from the War Department and President Roosevelt to be delivered to Chiang Kai-shek that several shipments of P-40C fighters were forthcoming along with pilots, mechanics, and aviation supplies. 656: 604:

on October 26, on a special mission for Chiang Kai-shek. By 1940, seeing that the Chinese Air Force in dire need because of obsolescent aircraft, ill-trained pilots and shortage of equipment, Chiang again sent Chennault, accompanied by Chinese Air Force General

523:" of mercenary pilots. In late 1937, the Chinese Air Force considered attacking the Japanese home islands with bombers launched from the mainland of China with Chennault in an advisory role. Various pilots of the International Squadron, specifically the 959:

Ledo Road, the war had ended. Instead, the airlift continued to expand until the end of the war, after delivering 650,000 tons of supplies, gasoline, and military equipment. Chennault was replaced as commander of the U.S. 14th Air Force by Lt. Gen.

2517:就在人們為轟炸機一事發愁時，美、英、法、荷等國的多名志願飛行員來到中國參戰，同時帶來了馬丁-139WC(B-10)轟炸機4架、伏爾梯V-11輕轟炸機7架和剛剛從歐美淘汰的諾斯洛普G2E(Gamma)輕轟炸機數架。國民黨空軍似乎又看到了希望，但外籍飛行員卻稱執行這項任務風險太大，提出了讓國民黨政府無法接受的天價酬金。針對此情況，國民黨政府航委會決定由中方飛行員來執行這一任務。這時，編在委員長侍從室的專機飛行員徐煥升上尉自告奮勇地提出由他負責重新組建遠征轟炸隊的具體事宜。 657: 1152:

Chennault was twice married and had a total of ten children, eight by his first wife, the former Nell Thompson (1893–1977), an American of British ancestry, whom he met at a high school graduation ceremony and subsequently wed in

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told Roosevelt: "Sir, I think the Generalissimo is one of the two or three greatest military and political leaders in the world today. He has never broken a commitment or promise to me." Chennault was supported in his disputes by

617:, with the following goal: "to get as many fighter planes, bombers, and transports as possible, plus all the supplies needed to maintain them and the pilots to fly the aircraft." Together, they departed on October 15, 1940, from 1896: 4081: 524: 944:

The Japanese ground forces advanced and seized Chennault's forward bases. Slowly, however, the greater numbers and greater skill of the Allied air forces began to assert themselves. By mid-1944, Major General

878:, Churchill asked the name of the American officer in a loud voice that was overheard by the U.S. delegation and produced an embarrassed silence, finally broken when announced: 'I'm glad he's on our side.'" 743:

attack never took place: The Nationalist Chinese had not built and secured any runways or bases close enough to reach Japan, just as the military had warned. The bombers and crews arrived after the Japanese

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in which officials of the Kuomintang as well as semi-independent army officers has diverted aid intended for the Nationalist armies. Shortly before his death, Chennault was asked to testify before the

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The Chennault daughters from the second marriage are Claire Anna Chennault (born February 8, 1949 - October 22, 2023) and Cynthia Louise Chennault (born 1950), a retired professor of Chinese at the

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training. He and his wife, Nell, moved to West Carroll Parish where he served as principal of Kilbourne School from 1913 to 1915. At the onset of World War I, he graduated from Officers' School at

3305: 1382:. The Kunming Flying Tigers Museum opened on December 20, 2012, on the 71st anniversary of the first combat in Kunming of the Flying Tigers. Chennault is among the "foreign friends of China" that 4161: 4111: 655: 2298:

Birthdate: Encyclopedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite 2010 and www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/107526/major-general-claire-lee-chennault/ give 1890 as birth year

4141: 4116: 2307: 4131: 4061: 767:, senior Chinese officials in Chongqing released details of the first aerial attack made by the group, when the American flyers encountered 10 Japanese aircraft heading to raid 1111:

Claire Lee Chennault's headstone at Arlington National Cemetery, Memorial Day, 2017. Buried on the right is Col. John Stephen Chennault, his eldest son from his first marriage.

919:, who met both Stillwell and Chennault in late 1943, wrote that Stillwell was a "hopeless crank with no vision" and Chennault was "a very gallant airman with a limited brain." 515:

in August, Chennault became Chiang Kai-shek's chief air adviser, assisted in the training of new Chinese Air Force pilots, and sometimes flew scouting missions in an export

4166: 1157:, Louisiana, on December 24, 1911. The marriage ended in divorce in 1946, long after his service in China started. He had two daughters by his second wife, Chen Xiangmei ( 520: 332: 4146: 346:

was focused primarily on high-altitude bombardment. Chennault retired from the United States Army in 1937, and went to work as an aviation adviser and trainer in China.

4121: 3353: 1355:, honoring Chennault's AVG Curtiss P-40 fighter aircraft nickname. A large display of General Chennault's orders, medals and other decorations has been on loan to the 426:

between 1909 and 1910, having given his birth month as June in order to meet their requirement that enrolling students be aged 16 "at nearest birthday", and underwent

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with incendiary bombs but were all declined because of the "exorbitant remuneration" demanded by the foreign "volunteers". The mission was ultimately tasked to Capt.

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Chongqing is also home to a Flying Tigers Memorial and Exhibition dedicated to Chennault and his aviators. It is opposite the former residence of General Stilwell.

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to focus on individualized aid assistance with specific goals, with close monitoring by US advisers. Those viewpoints may have reflected his experiences during the

3466: 511:, known to Americans as "Madame Chiang", was in charge of the Aeronautical Commission and thus became Chennault's immediate supervisor. Upon the outbreak of the 503:

Chennault arrived in China in June 1937. He had a three-month contract at a salary of $ 1,000 per month, charged with making a survey of the Chinese Air Force.

1169:(1923–1980), Robert Kenneth Chennault (1925–2006), and Rosemary Louise Chennault Simrall (September 27, 1928 – August 25, 2013). John Chennault commanded the 2389: 3277: 3255: 542:, Soviet-made bomber and fighter aircraft increasingly replenished China's battered air force units previously equipped with US-made aircraft, such as the 4106: 3313: 1038: 809:, Chennault also made a great contribution by training a new generation of Chinese fighter pilots. The Flying Tigers were formally incorporated into the 800: 4171: 3998: 578:

Province in southwestern China, to reorganize and train new Chinese Air Force cadets at the academy along the American army air corps training model.

4086: 3514: 1034: 4136: 4096: 4046: 2559: 4176: 3931: 1374:, on one of the old airstrips used by the Flying Tigers in the 1940s. On the 65th anniversary of the Japanese surrender, former U.S. President 1347:

aircraft, nicknamed "Joy", is on display at the riverside war memorial in Baton Rouge, painted in the colors of the Flying Tigers. In 2006 the

355:). He headed both the volunteer group and the uniformed U.S. Army Air Forces units that replaced it in 1942. He feuded constantly with General 3951: 922:

In November 1943 the Japanese Army air forces were ready to challenge Allied forces again, and they began night and day raids on Calcutta and

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Freemasonry, and he later was elevated to the 32nd degree in K.C.C.H. League City Lodge No. 1053, League City, Texas. He was also a Shriner.

3904: 3063: 1181: 3129:"International communism (Communist encroachment in the Far East) / Consultation with Maj. Gen. Claire Lee Chennault, United States Army" 1107: 4101: 4071: 4066: 1973: 282: 2846: 4126: 4026: 3200: 1985: 462: 251: 3915: 4156: 3425: 2448: 1366:, due to his role against the Communist forces during the Chinese Civil War. However, this changed following the establishment of 906:, Chiang's politically powerful wife, who was one of the richest women in 1930s China and, unlike her husband, fluent in English. 894:

route would provide supplies and new equipment for a greatly expanded Nationalist force of twenty to thirty modernized divisions.

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in June 1945. Following the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Chennault retired from the Army Air Forces on October 31, 1945.

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had already begun negotiations for an increase in financial aid with U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Federal Loan Administrator

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any ground supply network through Burma could provide the tonnage needed to re-equip Chiang's divisions. However, work on the

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Washington provided the money. How to obtain the shopping list of aircraft, aviation supplies, volunteers, and funds for the

571: 874:, a member of the Joint Planning Staff, as 'resembling a Red Indian Chief who had just taken somebody's scalp.' Turning to 4151: 4091: 2385: 916: 852: 747:

in December 1941, and were used for the war in Burma, as they lacked the range to reach Japan from secure bases in China.

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the "Three Musketeers". The group performed at the 1928 National Air Races. In 1932, as a pursuit aviation instructor at

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on November 1, arriving at San Francisco on November 14. They reported to the Chinese Ambassador to the United States,

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on the Chinese mainland to limit their use against Allied forces advancing towards Japan in the two Pacific campaigns.

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gentleman and "Good Ole Boy", who accepted "human foibles" as natural. For example, Chennault opened up a brothel in

3403: 3369: 2161: 1961: 1951: 1356: 272: 266: 2378: 2025: 1379: 1325: 1116: 875: 539: 3653:. Slidell, Louisiana: American Legion Generals Ward & Chennault & Lt. Helseth Post No. 1 (China), 1988. 2166: 2007: 1992: 1510: 1259: 999: 871: 439: 130: 3337: 4036: 2716: 2081: 2038: 1659: 1599: 1041:, which was investigating the causes of the 1949 fall of China to the communists. Together with Army General 810: 164: 3534:

Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2024). "What Did the CCP Learn from the Past?". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).

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bases while their fighters contested Allied air intrusions over Burma. In April 1944, the Japanese launched

4041: 1879: 1559: 1534: 1387: 1298: 1189: 1161:), a young reporter for the Central News Agency whom he married on December 2, 1947. She became one of the 847:

magazine photo coverage of Chennault took place in its Monday, December 6, 1943, issue. Shortly before the

447: 343: 327:(September 6, 1893 – July 27, 1958) was an American military aviator best known for his leadership of the " 202: 140: 3511: 1390:

discourses in an effort to recognize the contributions of other countries to China's national liberation.

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Throughout the war Chennault was engaged in a bitter dispute with the American ground commander, General

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Schaller, Michael. "American Air Strategy in China, 1939–1941: The Origins of Clandestine Air Warfare,"

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Michael Schaller, "American Air Strategy in China, 1939–1941: The Origins of Clandestine Air Warfare."

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Following their victory in the Fourth Battle of Changsha, the Japanese began to advance on the city of

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Chennault was a fierce advocate of "pursuit" or fighter-interceptor aircraft during the 1930s when the

20: 1834: 1775: 1741: 1622: 1418: 1019: 950: 559: 451: 443: 368: 3598: 3564:"President Ma meets Anna Chennault, widow of Flying Tigers Lieutenant General Claire Lee Chennault" 3438:

Rosholt, Malcolm, Jack Gadberry and Myron D. Levy. "Chennault Enshrined in Aviation Hall of Fame".

2176: 2120: 1398: 1321: 1003: 512: 233: 136: 2530: 1370:, with Chennault being viewed more positively. In 2005, the "Flying Tigers Memorial" was built in 3875: 3539: 3067: 2156: 2002: 1702: 1617: 1468: 1367: 1329: 1313: 1193: 700: 435: 1895: 1855: 1848: 1841: 1809: 4056: 1747: 1317: 1302: 1128: 764: 744: 677: 547: 483: 431: 372: 1115:

Chennault was diagnosed with carcinoma (cancer) in his left lung in late 1957. The doctors at

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movements. Returning to China, he purchased several surplus military aircraft and created the

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In addition to the above, Chennault received several other foreign orders and decorations.

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occupation of northern Burma throughout the mid- and late 1950s, providing support for the

830: 688: 669: 586: 212: 207: 3940: 1756: 722:. Their first battle occurred on December 20, 1941, with aircraft flying out of Kunming. 632: 8: 3496: 2823: 1291: 1197: 1042: 991: 475: 3417: 2433: 1861: 1815: 349:

Starting in early 1941, Chennault commanded the 1st American Volunteer Group (nicknamed

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Preemptive Strike: The Secret Plan That Would Have Prevented the Attack on Pearl Harbor

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Preemptive Strike: The Secret Plan That Would Have Prevented the Attack on Pearl Harbor

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General Claire Lee Chennault: A Guide to His Papers in the Hoover Institution Archives

3396:"Celebrating more than 100 years of the Freemasonry: famous Freemasons in the history" 1422:, Chennault (as commander of the American Volunteer Group) was played by the Canadian 1127:

in the U.S. Air Force on July 18, 1958, nine days before his death on July 27, at the

3863: 3848: 3833: 3808: 3793: 3760: 3745: 3723: 3705: 3676: 3661: 3632: 3543: 3271: 3180: 3042: 2909: 2867: 2827: 2565: 2094: 1072: 1033:

Chennault testified and provided written statements to the Senate Joint Committee on

927: 855: 822: 693: 589:, Chennault, accompanied by four Chinese officials, boarded the Pan American Airways 516: 160: 3695:

Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 6: 1956–1960, Biography Resource Center

2734:"American Air Strategy in China, 1939–1941: The Origins of Clandestine Air Warfare." 1886: 1872: 1781: 836:

Chennault had 900 aircraft at his disposal, which was more than Japan had in China.

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for flight, spoke of Chennault's unorthodox methods and of his strong personality.

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during World War I. Following the war he graduated from pursuit pilot training at

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Testimony to the Senate Joint Committee on the Armed Forces and Foreign Relations

2379:"Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917-1952, Volume 1 – A thru L" 2258: 2151: 2146: 2141: 1966: 1824: 1287: 1096: 983: 887: 863: 504: 396: 388: 360: 356: 277: 67: 3925: 3771: 590: 3481: 3472:, Hendersonville, North Carolina, September 9, 1990. Retrieved: March 25, 2013. 3118:, letter dated June 20, 1951, and supplemental statement, Appendix 00, p. 3342. 2059: 1423: 1402: 1158: 987: 903: 784: 646: 508: 310: 246: 1918: 474:

Into the mid-1930s Chennault led and represented the 1st Pursuit Group of the

383: 4010: 3563: 3512:"Former U.S. President James Carter attends peace festival in central China." 3215:"Stars on Tombstones: Honorary Promotions of Air Corps and Air Force Leaders" 2012: 1433: 1279: 1275: 1263: 1209: 1030: 1006:

in the late 1940s and were later used in supply missions to French forces in

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Military personnel of the Republic of China in the Second Sino-Japanese War

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in Washington, D.C., by his widow Anna since the museum's opening in 1976.

1344: 1290:, a former AVG crew chief and the technical sergeant who repaired a downed 1267: 1249: 1046: 543: 532: 336: 238: 1308:

Chennault is commemorated by a statue in the Republic of China's capital,

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was further discussed in a meeting held at the home of Treasury Secretary

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in 1942. Prior to that, Chennault had rejoined the Army with the rank of

642: 610: 606: 467: 228: 84: 3780:"1900 United States Federal Census, Franklin Parish, Louisiana, Ward 2." 3702:

OSPREY AIRCRAFT OF THE ACES 126: Aces of the Republic of China Air Force

2706: 486:, Chennault re-organized the team as "Three Men on the Flying Trapeze". 3823: 3306:"Nixon Tried to Spoil Johnson's Vietnam Peace Talks in '68, Notes Show" 2733: 2700: 1383: 1080: 1011: 780: 637:

Chennault's mission to Washington generated the concept of creating an

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was strategically essential in order to fix many vital elements of the

3910: 3719:

Flying Tigers: Claire Chennault and His American Volunteers, 1941-1942

3256:"Arlington Cemetery - News Relating to Alcohol Rehab & Drug Rehab" 2561:

War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929–1949.

1729: 755:

Chennault's 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) – better known as the "

39: 3891:

War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929–1949

1980: 1007: 955: 618: 597: 528: 446:, on April 23, 1922, and remained in the service after it became the 403: 359:, the U.S. Army commander in China, and helped China's Generalissimo 288: 971: 1790: 934: 923: 665: 495:

join a small group of American civilians training Chinese airmen.

3779: 2582:"The Flying Tigers American Volunteer Group – Chinese Air Force." 1691: 1673: 1653: 1633: 1611: 1589: 1571: 1546: 1522: 1500: 1482: 1462: 1371: 938: 839:

The first magazine photo coverage of Chennault took place within

818: 806: 768: 760: 759:" – began training in August 1941 and was primarily based out of 730:

America's military might in Asia. They became the Flying Tigers.

719: 711: 626: 567: 188: 126: 3497:"Chennault Aviation and Military Museum Director Nell Calloway." 621:, transited at Hong Kong where they boarded Pan Am Boeing B-314 434:

in Indiana, and was transferred to the Aviation Division of the

2906:

Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early 20th century

2434:"Claire Lee Chennault and the Problem of Intelligence in China" 2113: 2074: 1309: 1162: 1079:

of the Congress. When a committee member asked him who won the

1057: 911: 718:(CAMCO) before they were delivered to the AVG training unit at 714:, they were unloaded, assembled and test flown by personnel of 575: 2822:. New Approaches to International History series. London, UK: 4162:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

3243:

Burial Detail: Chennault, Claire L (Section 2, Grave 873-3-4)

3066:. The Fall of Saigon. Air America Association. Archived from 2893:

Chiang Kai-Shek China's .Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost

2564:

Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001.

1363: 707: 633:

Creation of the American Volunteer Group, the "Flying Tigers"

585:(fast bombers flying without fighter escorts) campaign raged 4112:

Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

3792:. Spartanburg, South Carolina: Southeastern Printing, 1985. 3644:

A History of Early Kilbourne, Louisiana, West Carroll Parish

2965: 2960:

Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost

2938:

Chiang Kai-Shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost

763:, Burma, and Kunming, Yunnan. Just weeks after the Japanese 3882:

Xu, Guangqiu. "The Chinese Air Force with American Wings."

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For many years Chennault was viewed negatively within the

1173:, called the "Aleutian Tigers", during the World War Two. 843:

magazine in the Monday, August 10, 1942, issue. The first

450:

in 1926. Chennault became the Chief of Pursuit Section at

3452:"U.S. #2187 40¢ Claire Chennault Great Americans Series." 2717:"China-Burma-India Theater: Stillwell's Mission to China" 1393:

On October 7, 2015, Republic of China (Taiwan) president

3000: 2986: 2974: 2952: 2943: 2919: 2880: 4117:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

3660:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University Alabama Press, 2003. 3651:

A Pictorial History of China Post 1, Part I – 1919–1959

1274:. The ceremony was headed by retired Brigadier General 641:

of pilots and mechanics to serve in China. By then Dr.

4132:

United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II

4062:

Honorary commanders of the Order of the British Empire

3879:

Vol. 19, Nos. 2–3, Spring-Summer 1988, pp. 51–66.

3603:

Texas State Historical Association - Handbook of Texas

3385:, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, pp. 40–41. 2864:

Warlord: A Life of Winston Churchill at War, 1874-1945

3646:. Louisiana, Kilbourne. Ernest Allen publisher, 2006. 3383:

Anna Chnnault: Informal Diplomacy and Asian Relations

2388:. pp. 354–356. USAF historical studies: no. 91. 2182: 1682:

Regular Army (United States Army Air Forces), Retired

1196:

officer from 1943 to 1966 and subsequent resident of

1188:

Claire P. Chennault, one of Claire Lee's sons, was a

1056:'s arms embargo had been a key factor in the loss of 4142:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

3790:

The Flying Key Brothers and Their Flight To Remember

1580:

Regular Army (United States Army Air Corps), Retired

1378:

and PRC officials unveiled a statue of Chennault in

1245:

Anna Chennault receiving a commemorative medal from

4167:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

2866:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 392. 2820:

The Fear of Chinese Power: an International History

2339: 2337: 2282: 2280: 2278: 1491:

Officers' Reserve Corps (Signals, Aviation Section)

937:held by the 10th Chinese Army commanded by General 710:on third-country freighters during spring 1941. At 4147:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 3830:The Maverick War: Chennault and the Flying Tigers 3524:, September 8, 2010. Retrieved: September 8, 2010. 1258:In December 1972, Chennault was inducted into the 982:Chennault, unlike Stilwell, had a high opinion of 661:US Army Air Forces video:"Flying Tigers Bite Back" 519:fighter. His duties also included organizing the " 4122:Recipients of the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun 3697:. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Thomson Gale, 1980. 3642:Allen, Ernest, and Kilbourne Historical Society. 3631:. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2006. 3482:"Services for last son of Gen. Claire Chennault." 3400:Mathawan Lodge No 192 F.A. & A.M., New Jersey 2458: 2370: 1368:diplomatic relations between the PRC and the U.S. 395:Chennault is generally said to have been born in 4008: 3276:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3114:Chennault, Claire Lee (Major-General, retired). 2334: 2275: 2261:was the White House official dealing with China. 1312:, as well as by monuments on the grounds of the 771:and successfully shot down four of the raiders. 19:"Chennault" redirects here. For other uses, see 3928:at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website 3847:. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1973. 3344:, October 5, 2011. Retrieved: October 15, 2011. 2661:Dr. T.V. Soong: President of the Bank of China. 2308:"United States Census, 1940: Claire Chennault." 1722:Chennault's decorations include the following: 1123:Chennault was promoted to the honorary rank of 817:on April 7, 1942. Three days later he was made 609:, to the United States to meet with banker Dr. 438:on November 27, 1917. He learned to fly in the 387:Chennault's birthplace and his home located in 3873:Smith, William M. Jr. "The Making of a Hero." 3372:. familytreemaker.genealogy.com, June 7, 2010. 3258:. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010 3082: 1401:to Chennault, which was accepted by his widow 986:and advocated international support for Asian 866:, Chennault "had been nicknamed 'The Hawk' by 851:issue appeared, Chennault encountered British 581:On October 21, 1939, as the Imperial Japanese 3770:Leary, William M. "Chennault, Claire Lee" in 3467:"Great American Stamp Honors Gen. Chennault." 3168: 3166: 3023: 3021: 2740:(JSTOR), Edition 28, issue 1, 1976. pp. 3–19. 2723:, 1953, p. 23. Retrieved: September 17, 2014. 2681:"McCook's Glen Beneda and the Flying Tigers." 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 1397:awarded a medal commemorating victory in the 587:terror on the cities of Chengdu and Chongqing 535:and Lt. Tong Yen-bo of the 8th Bomber Group. 3860:China Pilot: Flying for Chiang and Chennault 2962:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 p. 417. 2365:"Claire Lee Chennault and the Flying Tigers" 1278:, and a portrait of Chennault by cartoonist 1083:, his response was blunt: "The Communists." 898:Chinese adversaries to gain the upper hand. 881: 783:, Rangoon, and other strategic locations in 676:Louisiana Veterans Memorial & Museum in 3704:. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. 3030: 2940:, New York: Carrol & Graf, 2004 p. 383. 2895:, New York: Carrol & Graf, 2004 p. 400. 2686:, January 5, 2009. Retrieved: May 22, 2009. 2609:"Chinese Air Force vs. the Empire of Japan" 787:and western China against Japanese forces. 4107:People from West Carroll Parish, Louisiana 3172: 3163: 3018: 2861: 2715:Romanus, Charles F. and Riley Sunderland. 2630: 2367:, vac.gov.tw; retrieved November 28, 2009. 1473:Officers' Reserve Corps (Infantry Section) 1180:. As the State of Louisiana had passed an 1091:In 1949, Chennault published his memoirs, 470:E, 1934 as leader of "The Flying Trapeze". 38: 4172:Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta 3556: 3039:Air America; from World War II to Vietnam 2904:Peterson, Barbara Bennett (ed.). (2000). 1717: 1494:27 November 1917 (accepted 5 March 1918) 1052:, and others, Chennault claimed that the 4087:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees 3536:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment 3140: 3138: 3091:"The CIA and Drugs: Just Say 'Why Not?'" 2898: 1945:U.S. Army Air Forces Command Pilot Badge 1106: 970: 664: 651: 466:Capt. C.L Chennault poses in front of a 461: 417: 382: 3620: 3428:from the original on November 17, 2018. 3036: 2376: 821:. Twelve days later he was promoted to 706:The 100 planes were crated and sent to 4137:United States Army Air Forces generals 4097:People from Franklin Parish, Louisiana 4047:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 4009: 3832:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. 3588:Official Army Register, 1946, p. 832. 3418:"Famous men members of Masonic Lodges" 3333: 3331: 2531:"The Soviet Volunteer Group In Action" 2431: 1334:Chennault Aviation and Military Museum 1165:'s chief lobbyists in Washington, DC. 1077:House Un-American Activities Committee 716:Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company 4177:Republic of China Air Force personnel 3527: 3370:"Descendants of Claire Lee Chennault" 3338:"Lt. Col. Claire Patterson Chennault" 3303: 3135: 3061: 3041:(4th ed.). Bangkok: Asia Books. 2817: 2811: 2791:"Domei Says Japs Downed Five Ships," 2454:from the original on October 1, 2019. 1120:Anna flew back to the United States. 733: 566:, Claire Lee Chennault went along to 16:American military aviator (1893–1958) 4052:Deaths from lung cancer in Louisiana 3886:16.1 (1998): 61–81. covers 1929–1949 3715: 3658:Chennault: Giving Wings to the Tiger 3533: 3201:"Major General Claire Lee Chennault" 2778:"'Crazy' Maneuver Used by Colonel," 2528: 2464: 2395:from the original on August 31, 2021 2386:Air Force Historical Research Agency 2343: 2286: 2234: 1516:1 July (accepted 14 September) 1920 3599:"Chennault, Claire Lee (1893–1958)" 3328: 2804:"American Fliers Engage Japanese," 1067:was distributed and encouraged the 1063:Chennault advocated changes in how 1018:force. The same force supplied the 998:). The aircraft facilitated aid to 13: 3916:Biographical sketch at USAF Museum 3862:. New York: Brassey's Inc., 1995. 3773:American National Biography Online 3422:American Canadian Grand Lodge ACGL 3406:from the original on May 10, 2008. 3062:Adams, Capt. Ed (March 26, 2005). 1178:University of Florida, Gainesville 525:14th International Bomber Squadron 311:Anna Chennault (née Chen Xiangmei) 14: 4188: 4102:People from Waterproof, Louisiana 4072:Military personnel from Louisiana 4067:Louisiana State University alumni 3898: 3222:Air & Space Operations Review 2852:. Retrieved: September 17, 2014. 2782:, New Orleans, December 20, 1941. 2762:"Burma Road Air Defense Scores." 2011:with one silver and three bronze 1411: 1349:University of Louisiana at Monroe 367:to remove Stilwell in 1944. The 4127:United States Air Force generals 4027:Air Corps Tactical School alumni 3845:Flying Tiger: Chennault of China 3304:Baker, Peter (January 2, 2017). 3088: 2847:"Time cover (December 6, 1943)." 2494: 2216: 2204: 2192: 2162:History of the Republic of China 1962:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 1952:Army Distinguished Service Medal 1931: 1924: 1917: 1908: 1901: 1894: 1885: 1878: 1871: 1860: 1854: 1847: 1840: 1833: 1823: 1814: 1808: 1796: 1789: 1780: 1774: 1762: 1755: 1746: 1740: 1728: 1690: 1672: 1652: 1632: 1610: 1588: 1570: 1545: 1521: 1499: 1481: 1461: 1439: 1357:Smithsonian Air and Space Museum 1235: 1224: 1142: 1002:during the struggle against the 750: 552:Soviet volunteer combat aviators 273:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 267:Army Distinguished Service Medal 159: 146: 135: 125: 108: 4157:Knights of the Legion of Honour 3905:Flying Tigers Memorial in China 3591: 3582: 3505: 3490: 3475: 3460: 3445: 3432: 3410: 3388: 3375: 3363: 3347: 3297: 3288: 3248: 3236: 3207: 3193: 3121: 3108: 3055: 2855: 2840: 2808:, Chungking, December 20, 1941. 2798: 2785: 2772: 2756: 2743: 2726: 2689: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2625:and drop their bombs in safety. 2606: 2600: 2590: 2575: 2552: 2522: 2488: 2479: 2470: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2250: 2241: 2026:Order of Blue Sky and White Sun 1595:Major (restored to active duty) 1351:renamed its athletic teams the 1336:, located near the entrance to 1326:Chennault International Airport 1208:Chennault was initiated to the 1117:Walter Reed Army Medical Center 562:was pushed hinterland with the 3926:Chennault Claire Lee Chennault 3675:. New York: Ballantine, 1978. 3312:. pp. A11. Archived from 3285:. Retrieved: December 2, 2009. 3176:Claire Chennault: Flying Tiger 2529:Matt, P. E. (April 28, 2015). 2358: 2349: 2325: 2316: 2301: 2292: 2167:Republic of China Armed Forces 2008:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 1993:American Defense Service Medal 1511:United States Army Air Service 1416:In the 1945 U.S. wartime film 1260:National Aviation Hall of Fame 1203: 489: 1: 4077:Military personnel from Texas 3922: (archived July 18, 2006) 3759:. London: John Murray, 2004. 3360:. Retrieved: August 27, 2013. 3037:Robbins, Christopher (2005). 2769:Chongqing, December 20, 1941. 2229: 2039:Order of the Cloud and Banner 1977:with bronze oak leaf cluster 1600:United States Army Air Forces 1297:Chennault was honored by the 1252:on her husband's behalf, 2015 811:United States Army Air Forces 550:, and were also augmented by 457: 378: 333:Chinese Nationalist Air Force 3911:Short biography of Chennault 3457:. Retrieved: March 25, 2013. 3455:Mystic Stamp Company Catalog 3354:"Rosemary Chennault Simrall" 2971:Fenby, Jonathan pp. 417–418. 2753:(2006) is a popular version. 2268: 1689: 1671: 1651: 1631: 1609: 1587: 1569: 1560:United States Army Air Corps 1544: 1535:United States Army Air Corps 1520: 1498: 1480: 1460: 1299:United States Postal Service 825:, and then within a year to 564:Fall of Shanghai and Nanjing 344:United States Army Air Corps 203:1st American Volunteer Group 7: 4152:Recipients of the Air Medal 4092:People from Commerce, Texas 3941:Claire Lee Chennault papers 3937:, 1942 article on Chennault 3690:. New York: Putnam's, 1949. 3673:The Ragged, Rugged Warriors 3502:. Retrieved: July 17, 2013. 3487:. Retrieved: July 17, 2013. 2795:, Tokyo, December 20, 1941. 2377:Fogerty, Robert P. (1953). 2313:. Retrieved: July 19, 2015. 2172:National Revolutionary Army 2134: 2056:Honorary Knight Grand Cross 2052:Order of the British Empire 1305:(1980–2000) postage stamp. 1247:Republic of China President 1137:Arlington National Cemetery 1129:Ochsner Foundation Hospital 1060:to the Nationalist armies. 498: 153:Republic of China Air Force 97:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 4193: 3822:(1976) 28#1 pp. 3–19 3064:"The Beginning of the End" 2587:. Retrieved: May 20, 2011. 2106:Order of Polonia Restituta 2020:World War II Victory Medal 1974:Distinguished Flying Cross 1364:People's Republic of China 1086: 975:Chennault and second wife 966: 870:Magazine and described by 794:flight training school at 540:Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1937 507:'s English-speaking wife, 424:Louisiana State University 283:Distinguished Flying Cross 21:Chennault (disambiguation) 18: 3995: 3986: 3978: 3973: 3807:. The Lyons Press, 1987. 3740:. Palo Alto, California: 3517:November 6, 2012, at the 2908:. M.E. Sharp publishing. 2721:U.S. Army in World War II 2585:flyingtigersavg.22web.net 2432:Bergin, Bob (June 2010). 2257:Japan in November 1941." 1986:World War I Victory Medal 1943: 1727: 1664:Army of the United States 1644:Army of the United States 1623:Army of the United States 1426:. In the pilot movie for 1215: 1147: 1020:US intelligence community 882:China-Burma-India theater 862:. According to historian 556:Chinese Air Force Academy 452:Air Corps Tactical School 369:China-Burma-India theater 297: 259: 252:China-Burma-India Theater 221: 195: 179: 171: 119: 103: 91: 74: 54: 46: 37: 30: 4032:American anti-communists 3974:Awards and achievements 3966:Generals of World War II 3952:"Chennault and Stilwell" 3757:Burma: The Forgotten War 3742:Hoover Institution Press 3693:"Claire Lee Chennault", 3568:english.president.gov.tw 3179:. Infobase. p. 95. 3146:"Colonel John Chennault" 2652:Byrd 1987, Chapters 7–8. 2501:www.flyingtiger-cacw.com 2177:Whampoa Military Academy 2121:China War Memorial Medal 1399:Second Sino-Japanese War 1322:Chennault Air Force Base 1102: 790:As the commander of the 639:American Volunteer Group 513:Second Sino-Japanese War 234:Second Sino-Japanese War 3893:(Grove/Atlantic, 2001). 3876:North Louisiana History 3540:Leiden University Press 3224:: 16. December 10, 2022 2997:Fenby, Jonathan p. 420. 2983:Fenby, Jonathan p. 419. 2949:Fenby, Jonathan p. 416. 2818:Crean, Jeffrey (2024). 2441:Studies in Intelligence 2003:American Campaign Medal 1703:United States Air Force 1372:Huaihua, Hunan Province 1338:Monroe Regional Airport 1314:Louisiana State Capitol 701:Los Angeles, California 3989:Cover of Time Magazine 3843:Scott, Robert Lee Jr. 3015:Fenby, Jonathan p. 421 2862:D'Este, Carlo (2008). 2099:Knight Commander (KCB) 1718:Awards and decorations 1380:Zhijiang County, Hunan 1303:Great Americans series 1182:anti-miscegenation law 1112: 1029:In 1951, now retired, 1022:and others during the 979: 765:attack on Pearl Harbor 745:attack on Pearl Harbor 680: 662: 548:Boeing 281 Peashooters 521:International Squadron 478:-based Army Air Corps 471: 444:Ellington Field, Texas 432:Fort Benjamin Harrison 392: 373:Imperial Japanese Army 363:to convince President 314:(1947–1958, his death) 3999:Charles Edward Wilson 3982:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3716:Ford, Daniel (2016). 3283:arlingtonCemetery.org 3095:Third World Traveller 2643:Byrd 1987, Chapter 8. 2485:Byrd 1987, Chapter 7. 2476:Byrd 1987, Chapter 6. 2413:Byrd 1987, Chapter 3. 2331:Byrd 1987, Chapter 1. 1324:, now the commercial 1272:James H. Kindelberger 1110: 1054:Truman administration 974: 961:George E. Stratemeyer 668: 660: 465: 418:Early military career 386: 172:Years of service 131:U.S. Army Air Service 4037:American Protestants 3736:Hessen, Robert, ed. 3621:General bibliography 3381:Forslund, Catherine 2613:www.warbirdforum.com 2125:(Republic of China) 2082:WWII Croix de Guerre 2045:(Republic of China) 1705:, Retired (honorary) 1429:Black Sheep Squadron 831:Fourteenth Air Force 689:Henry Morgenthau Jr. 670:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 574:, in the capital of 325:Claire Lee Chennault 213:Fourteenth Air Force 208:China Air Task Force 165:U.S. Army Air Forces 32:Claire Lee Chennault 4042:Aviators from Texas 3785:, January 20, 2007. 3686:Chennault, Claire. 3173:Earle Rice (2003). 2824:Bloomsbury Academic 2732:Schaller, Michael. 2322:Hessen 1983, p. ix. 1432:, he was played by 1190:U.S. Army Air Force 1043:Albert C. Wedemeyer 992:Civil Air Transport 951:Eastern Air Command 594:California Clipper 476:Montgomery, Alabama 422:Chennault attended 141:U.S. Army Air Corps 3959:Air Force Magazine 3945:Hoover Institution 3820:American Quarterly 3310:The New York Times 3294:Byrd 1987, p. 367. 2738:American Quarterly 2699:28.1 (1976): 3–19 2697:American Quarterly 2507:on October 9, 2021 1698:Lieutenant general 1419:God Is My Co-Pilot 1388:his foreign policy 1320:and at the former 1171:343d Fighter Group 1125:lieutenant general 1113: 1050:Oscar C. Badger II 1004:Chinese Communists 980: 947:George Stratemeyer 734:Plan to bomb Japan 681: 663: 472: 402:He grew up in the 393: 184:Lieutenant General 4005: 4004: 3996:Succeeded by 3993:December 6, 1943 3884:War & Society 3868:978-1-57488-051-9 3838:978-0-31200-618-1 3828:Schultz, Duane. 3729:978-0-692-73473-5 3722:. Warbird Books. 3700:Cheung, Raymond. 3637:978-1-5922-8913-4 3627:Armstrong, Alan. 3570:. October 7, 2015 3048:978-974-8303-51-2 2873:978-0-06-057573-1 2833:978-1-350-23394-2 2684:mccookgazette.com 2570:978-0-313-32004-0 2235:Explanatory notes 2129: 2128: 2101:(United Kingdom) 2095:Order of the Bath 2032:Republic of China 1939: 1938: 1712: 1711: 1640:Brigadier general 1476:27 November 1917 1163:Republic of China 1073:Chinese Civil War 1039:Foreign Relations 1000:Nationalist China 928:Operation Ichi-Go 856:Winston Churchill 829:, commanding the 823:brigadier general 792:Chinese Air Force 699:, departing from 672:"Joy" at the USS 658: 436:Army Signal Corps 322: 321: 315: 307: 87:, Louisiana, U.S. 65:September 6, 1893 50:"Old Leatherface" 4184: 3979:Preceded by 3971: 3970: 3962: 3961:. December 2015. 3956: 3805:The Flying Tiger 3733: 3688:Way of a Fighter 3671:Caidin, Martin. 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3531: 3525: 3509: 3503: 3494: 3488: 3479: 3473: 3464: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3358:Monroe News-Star 3351: 3345: 3342:Natchez Democrat 3335: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3219: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3170: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3142: 3133: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3070:on July 20, 2011 3059: 3053: 3052: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3016: 3013: 2998: 2995: 2984: 2981: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2958:Fenby, Jonathan 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2936:Fenby, Jonathan 2934: 2917: 2902: 2896: 2891:Fenby, Jonathan 2889: 2878: 2877: 2859: 2853: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2815: 2809: 2806:Associated Press 2802: 2796: 2793:Associated Press 2789: 2783: 2780:Associated Press 2776: 2770: 2765:Associated Press 2760: 2754: 2749:Alan Armstrong, 2747: 2741: 2730: 2724: 2713: 2704: 2693: 2687: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2604: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2579: 2573: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2503:. Archived from 2492: 2486: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2438: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2394: 2383: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2311:familysearch.org 2305: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2262: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2086:with bronze Palm 2067:Légion d'honneur 1957:oak leaf cluster 1941: 1940: 1935: 1928: 1921: 1912: 1905: 1898: 1889: 1882: 1875: 1864: 1858: 1851: 1844: 1837: 1827: 1818: 1812: 1800: 1793: 1784: 1778: 1766: 1759: 1750: 1744: 1732: 1725: 1724: 1694: 1685:31 October 1945 1676: 1656: 1636: 1614: 1592: 1574: 1549: 1525: 1506:First lieutenant 1503: 1488:First lieutenant 1485: 1469:First lieutenant 1465: 1444: 1443: 1284:General Electric 1239: 1228: 1093:Way of a Fighter 994:(later known as 860:Cairo Conference 804: 659: 623:American Clipper 619:Chongqing, China 615:Washington, D.C. 560:Jianqiao Airbase 440:Army Air Service 313: 305: 163: 151: 150: 149: 139: 129: 121: 114: 112: 111: 81: 64: 62: 42: 28: 27: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3992: 3984: 3954: 3950: 3920:Wayback Machine 3901: 3896: 3788:Owen, Stephen. 3730: 3710:978 14728 05614 3623: 3618: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3550: 3532: 3528: 3519:Wayback Machine 3510: 3506: 3495: 3491: 3480: 3476: 3465: 3461: 3450: 3446: 3437: 3433: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3352: 3348: 3336: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3316:on May 25, 2022 3302: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3269: 3268: 3261: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3171: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3144: 3143: 3136: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3089:Blum, William. 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3001: 2996: 2987: 2982: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2935: 2920: 2903: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2874: 2860: 2856: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2816: 2812: 2803: 2799: 2790: 2786: 2777: 2773: 2761: 2757: 2748: 2744: 2731: 2727: 2714: 2707: 2694: 2690: 2679:Sehnert, Walt. 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2631: 2617: 2615: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2591: 2580: 2576: 2557: 2553: 2539: 2537: 2527: 2523: 2510: 2508: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2265: 2259:Lauchlin Currie 2255: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2217: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2183: 2181: 2152:James H. Howard 2147:Pappy Boyington 2142:Jimmy Doolittle 2137: 2124: 2111: 2109: 2100: 2098: 2087: 2085: 2072: 2070: 2057: 2055: 2044: 2042: 2029: 2010: 1995: 1976: 1967:Legion of Merit 1954: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1820: 1819: 1813: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1720: 1442: 1414: 1288:Gerhard Neumann 1286:vice-president 1256: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1218: 1206: 1150: 1145: 1105: 1097:Joseph Stilwell 1089: 984:Chiang Kai-shek 969: 888:Joseph Stilwell 884: 798: 753: 736: 652: 649:on October 17. 635: 572:Wujiaba Airbase 501: 492: 460: 420: 397:Commerce, Texas 389:Commerce, Texas 381: 361:Chiang Kai-shek 357:Joseph Stilwell 318: 293: 278:Legion of Merit 243: 217: 187: 158: 156: 147: 145: 144: 134: 109: 107: 99: 83: 79: 68:Commerce, Texas 66: 60: 58: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4190: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3994: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3948: 3938: 3929: 3923: 3913: 3908: 3900: 3899:External links 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889:Xu, Guangqiu. 3887: 3880: 3871: 3858:Smith, Felix. 3856: 3841: 3826: 3816: 3803:Samson, Jack. 3801: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3755:Latimer, Jon. 3753: 3734: 3728: 3713: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3669: 3656:Byrd, Martha. 3654: 3647: 3640: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3590: 3581: 3555: 3548: 3542:. p. 42. 3526: 3504: 3489: 3474: 3470:The Times-News 3459: 3444: 3431: 3409: 3387: 3374: 3362: 3346: 3327: 3296: 3287: 3247: 3245:– ANC Explorer 3235: 3206: 3192: 3185: 3162: 3134: 3120: 3107: 3081: 3054: 3047: 3029: 3017: 2999: 2985: 2973: 2964: 2951: 2942: 2918: 2897: 2879: 2872: 2854: 2839: 2832: 2810: 2797: 2784: 2771: 2755: 2742: 2725: 2705: 2688: 2672: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2629: 2599: 2589: 2574: 2558:Xu, Guangqiu. 2551: 2535:Pacific Eagles 2521: 2495:Chai, George. 2487: 2478: 2469: 2457: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2369: 2357: 2348: 2333: 2324: 2315: 2300: 2291: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2249: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2213: 2201: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2117: 2110:Knight's Cross 2102: 2090: 2089: 2078: 2063: 2060:United Kingdom 2047: 2046: 2035: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013:campaign stars 2005: 2000: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1948: 1947: 1937: 1936: 1929: 1922: 1914: 1913: 1906: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1883: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1853: 1846: 1839: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1821: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1794: 1787: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1719: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1700: 1695: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1669: 1668: 1667:14 March 1943 1665: 1662: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1647:22 April 1942 1645: 1642: 1637: 1629: 1628: 1627:10 April 1942 1625: 1620: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1598:Regular Army ( 1596: 1593: 1585: 1584: 1583:30 April 1937 1581: 1578: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1565:11 March 1935 1563: 1558:Regular Army ( 1556: 1550: 1542: 1541: 1540:12 April 1929 1538: 1533:Regular Army ( 1531: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1509:Regular Army ( 1507: 1504: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1466: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1441: 1438: 1424:Raymond Massey 1413: 1412:Film portrayal 1410: 1403:Anna Chennault 1282:was unveiled. 1244: 1243: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1205: 1202: 1194:U.S. Air Force 1159:Anna Chennault 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1104: 1101: 1088: 1085: 988:anti-communist 968: 965: 904:Soong Mei-ling 883: 880: 853:Prime Minister 785:Southeast Asia 752: 749: 735: 732: 647:Jesse H. Jones 634: 631: 600:, arriving at 583:schnellbombing 509:Soong Mei-ling 500: 497: 491: 488: 480:aerobatic team 459: 456: 454:in the 1930s. 419: 416: 380: 377: 320: 319: 317: 316: 308: 304:Nell Thompson 301: 299: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 280: 275: 270: 263: 261: 257: 256: 255: 254: 249: 247:Burma Campaign 242: 241: 236: 231: 225: 223: 219: 218: 216: 215: 210: 205: 199: 197: 193: 192: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 123: 117: 116: 105: 101: 100: 95: 93: 89: 88: 82:(aged 64) 76: 72: 71: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4189: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4057:Flying Tigers 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4000: 3991: 3990: 3983: 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1758: 1754: 1749: 1743: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1715: 1708:18 July 1958 1707: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1679:Major general 1678: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1660:Major general 1658: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1608: 1605:7 April 1942 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1440:Dates of rank 1437: 1435: 1434:George Gaynes 1431: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:Milton Caniff 1277: 1276:Jimmy Stewart 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264:Leroy Grumman 1262:, along with 1261: 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