666:
642:
540:
214:
598:
654:
574:
252:
610:
685:
712:
627:
724:
555:
274:
40:
1291:
ensévelie sous les sables ; l'autre reste encore debout, & quoi qu'on ne voye point le piedestal sur lequel elle est posée, à cause des sables, qui l'environnent & le couvrent absolument, il est aisé de connoître en mesurant un des côtés de la base de celle, qui est renversée, que ce qu'on ne voit point de celle, qui est debout, n'est pas fort considérable. Les quatre côtés de ces
Aiguilles sont couverts de figures hiéroglyphiques, dont malheureusement nous avons perdu la connoissance, & qui sans doute renfermoient des mystéres, qui resteront toujours ignorés.
700:
25:
751:
586:
236:
1314:
Quelques
Auteurs anciens ont écrit, que ces deux Obélisques se trouvoient de leur tems dans le Palais de Cléopatre; mais ils ne nous disent point, qui les y avoit fait mettre. Il est à croire, que ces Monumens font bien plus anciens, que la Ville d'Aléxandrie, & qu'on les fit apporter de quelque
1214:
Both obelisks were standing when 'Abd al-Latif visited Egypt towards the close of the XIIth century A.D., for, speaking of
Alexandria, he says that he saw two obelisks in the middle of the building, which were larger than the small ones of Heliopolis, but smaller than the two large ones. He calls
375:
Some ancient authors have written that these two
Obelisks were found in their time in the Palace of Cleopatra; but they do not tell us who had placed them there. It is believed that these monuments are much older than the City of Alexandria, and that they were brought from some place in Egypt, to
356:
Cleopatra's
Needles: After this famous monument, the oldest and most curious in modern Alexandria are these two Needles, or Obelisks, which are attributed to Cleopatra, without anyone knowing too well on what basis. One is now overturned, and almost buried under the sands; the other still remains
340:
wrote "Within on the North towards the Sea are two square obeliskes each of one intire stone, full of
Egyptian Hieroglyphicks, the one standing, the other fallen, I thinke either of them thrice as bigge as that at Constantinople, or the other at Rome, & therefore left behind as too heavy for
1290:
Aiguilles de
Cleopatre. Après ce fameux monument ce qu'il y a de plus ancien & de plus curieux dans l'Aléxandrie moderne, ce sont ces deux Aiguilles, ou Obélisques, que l'on attribue à Cleopatre, sans qu'on sçache trop bien sur quel fondement. L'une est aujourd'hui renversée, & presque
1315:
endroit de l'Egypte, pour l'ornement de ce Palais. Cette conjecture a d'autant plus de fondement, qu'on sçait, que, du tems de la fondation d'Aléxandrie, on ne faisoit plus de ces
Monumens couverts d'Hiéroglyphes, dont on avoit déja perdu long-tems auparavant & l'intelligence & l'usage
446:
to arrange for an equivalent monument in London. He stated that he was informed that the owner of the land in
Alexandria where the British needle lay had proposed to break it up for building material. Alexander campaigned to arrange for the transportation. In 1876 he went to Egypt and met
597:
539:
723:
573:
376:
decorate this Palace. This conjecture is well founded, as we know that at the time of the foundation of
Alexandria, these monuments covered with hieroglyphs were no longer made, the understanding and use of which had already been lost long before.
213:
1014:
Winkler, Ε. M. (1996-12-01). "Die ägyptischen Obeliske von New York und London - Einfluss der Umweltbedingungen auf die Verwitterung / Egyptian Obelisks (Cleopatra's Needles) of New York City and London - Environmental History and Weathering".
665:
641:
336:, but of a deeper red, and speckled alike, called Pharos Needle, standing where once stood the pallace of Alexander: and another lying by, and like it, halfe buried in rubbidge." Two decades later, another English traveller
609:
1215:
them "Cleopatra's big needles." One of them fell down, probably during the earthquake which took place in 1301, when the Nile cast its boats a bowshot on the land and the walls of Alexandria were thrown down.
819:'At Alexandria I saw two obelisks near the shore of the sea, in the midst of the ramparts, the greater of the two small ones, and the smaller of the two large ones.' Also a 2021 translation
684:
341:
transportation: neere these obeliskes, are the ruines of Cleopatraes Palace high upon the shore, with the private Gate, whereat she received her Marke Antony after their overthrow at Actium".
1230:
A Relation of a Journey Begun an Dom. 1610. Foure Bookes Coutaining a Description of the Turkish Empire, of Aegypt, of the Holy Land, of the Remote Parts of Italt, and Islands Adjoyning
779:
The reference to Cleopatra claimed by Budge does not appear in available versions of Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi's work. See for example the 1800 bilingual version (both Latin and Arabic)
554:
711:
843:(Heliopolis): "I also saw two obelisks in Alexandria, on the seafront in the middle of the built-up area, bigger than these small ones but smaller than the two enormous ones."
318:
described them as "Cleopatra's big needles". At this point, both obelisks were still standing – it is thought that the toppling of one of the obelisks happened during the
653:
523:
for the United States remaining a friendly neutral as the European powers – France and Britain – maneuvered to secure political control of the Egyptian Government.
1059:
299:, which translates as: "In the eighteenth year Of Augustus Cæsar, Barbarus, prefect Of Egypt, caused this obelisk to be placed here, Pontius being the architect"
804:'In Alexandria, I saw two obelisks on the sea shore in the middle of the building, larger than these little ones and smaller than the two great ones';
617:
128:
1202:
Cleopatra's Needles and Other Egyptian Obelisks: A Series of Descriptions of All the Important Inscribed Obelisks, with Hieroglyphic Texts, Translations, Etc
863:
Merriam, A. C. (1883). The Caesareum and the Worship of Augustus at Alexandria. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1869-1896), 14, p. 8
1150:
Voyage du sieur Paul Lucas, fait en MDCCXXIV, &c. par ordre de Louis XIV dans la Turquie, l'Asie, Sourie, Palestine, Haute & Basse Egypte, &c
118:. They stood in Alexandria for almost two millennia until they were re-erected in London and New York City in 1878 and 1881 respectively. Together with
460:
1617:
1552:
1353:
470:
On September 7th 1940, the pedestal of the needle and one of it's surrounding sphinxes were scarred by debris cast by a nearby bomb, dropped by a
626:
251:
750:
143:
during its rapid modernization. The London needle was presented to the United Kingdom in 1819, but remained in Alexandria until 1877 when Sir
1567:
380:
Images from 18th and 19th century Alexandria show two needles, one standing and the other fallen. The London needle was the fallen needle.
332:
wrote of his 1610 journey: "Of Antiquities there are few remainders: onely an Hieroglyphicall Obelisk of Theban marble, as hard welnigh as
197:
810:
Vidi in Alexandria duos Obelifcos fuper littore maris, in medio munimenti, majores his quidem parvis, magnis autem illis duobus minores
699:
1083:
188:
Damage to the obelisks by weather conditions in London and New York has been studied, notably by Professor Erhard M. Winkler of the
516:
421:
151:
1108:
1463:
1337:
1174:
832:
487:
456:
71:
1484:
585:
1572:
872:
1494:
110:
Publius Rubrius Barbarus. Since at least the 17th century the obelisks have usually been named in the West after the
63:
1393:. Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO): Photography: The World through the Lens. John C. Nimmo. p. 199.
1582:
1413:. Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO): Photography: The World through the Lens. John C. Nimmo. p. 2.
1557:
1612:
1534:
367:
67:
1424:
396:
273:
225:
1592:
1528:
1451:
884:
464:
427:
Two prior suggestions had been made to transport the needle to London – in 1832 and in the 1850s after the
144:
1137:. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie (in German). Vol. 9. Münster: Lit. pp. 217–219.
267:
158:. Both Wilson and Gorringe published books commemorating the transportation of the Needles: Wilson wrote
119:
95:
87:
969:"Historical Implications in the Complexity of Destructive Salt Weathering: Cleopatra's Needle, New York"
913:. Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO): Photography: The World through the Lens. John C. Nimmo.
512:
278:
178:
75:
50:
39:
1587:
1512:
1404:
1384:
924:
Winkler, Erhard M. (1965). "Weathering Rates As Exemplified by Cleopatra's Needle in New York City".
904:
546:
155:
1486:
The New York obelisk, or, How Cleopatra's Needle came to New York and what happened when it got here
515:, on 22 February 1881. It was secured in May 1877 by judge Elbert E. Farman, the then-United States
1278:
Description de l'Egypte ... compose sur les memoires du de Maillet ancien consul de france au Caire
323:
311:
189:
1562:
123:
103:
1518:
497:
435:
1327:
1597:
1577:
1303:
1164:
1135:
Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus
561:
417:
362:
337:
319:
310:
The earliest known post-classical reference to the obelisks was by the Cairo-based traveller
173:, which had been built a few years earlier in 1870, whilst the New York needle was placed in
1307:
1602:
933:
795:ورايت بالاسكندرية مسلتين علي سيف البحر في وسط العمارة اكبر من هذه الصغار واصغر من العظيمتين
478:. The damage is still visible today, and a plaque on the western sphinx records the event.
443:
307:
derives from the French name, "Les aiguilles de Cléopâtre", when they stood in Alexandria.
182:
83:
420:
gave Britain the fallen obelisk as a gift. However, Britain's prime minister at the time,
345:
255:
8:
1205:. Books on the archæology of Egypt and Western Asia. Religious tract society. p. 166
814:
799:
406:
402:
170:
31:
937:
241:
Modern photograph of the Alexandria location of the needles, now containing a statue of
1607:
1040:
996:
333:
315:
147:, a distinguished anatomist and dermatologist, sponsored its transportation to London.
140:
1490:
1459:
1333:
1170:
1044:
1032:
988:
949:
828:
467:, agreed to cover the costs of the transportation, which took place in October 1877.
410:
111:
24:
1527:
1511:
1024:
980:
941:
448:
428:
136:
107:
1408:
1388:
1276:
1252:
1228:
1200:
908:
888:
822:
790:
782:
545:
1554 map of Alexandria showing both Cleopatra's Needles (standing and fallen) in
945:
154:, secured the other needle for the United States. The needle was transported by
824:
A Physician on the Nile: A Description of Egypt and Journal of the Famine Years
805:
291:
283:
1060:"Egyptian archaeologist 'ashamed' of London's treatment of Cleopatra's Needle"
1546:
1036:
992:
953:
633:
504:
384:
329:
242:
115:
508:
500:
the possible transportation of an obelisk from Egypt to the United States.
235:
174:
91:
46:
1028:
424:, hesitated on having it brought to the country due to shipping expenses.
738:
193:
99:
1000:
968:
493:
220:
296:
ANNO XVIII CAESARIS BARBARVS PRAEF AEGYPTI POSVIT ARCHITECTANTE PONTIO
840:
741:
475:
471:
984:
890:
Cleopatra's Needle: With Brief Notes on Egypt and Egyptian Obelisks
734:
160:
Cleopatra's Needle: With Brief Notes on Egypt and Egyptian Obelisks
520:
452:
1332:. DK Eyewitness Travel Guide. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2013.
1312:(in French). De l'imprimerie de la Maison Royale des Orphelins.
1456:
Egypt and Its Betrayal: Personal Recollections by Elbert Farman
730:
383:
The location is now the site of a statue of Egyptian statesman
733:
at the base of London's Cleopatra's Needle. The scars on the
439:
79:
135:
The removal of the obelisks from Egypt was presided over by
1452:"Cleopatra's Needle - Negotiations by which it was secured"
827:. Library of Arabic Literature. NYU Press. pp. 74–75.
784:
Abdollatiphi Historiæ Ægypti compendium,: Arabice et Latine
1109:"Hawass threatens to take 'Cleopatra's Needle' out of NYC"
1166:
Needles from the Nile: Obelisks and the Past as Property
1354:"Egyptians are upset by Britain's disregard for a gift"
1275:
Le Mascrier, Jean-Baptiste; de Maillet, Benoît (1735).
1007:
973:
Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology
288:
L IΗ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ ΒΑΡΒΑΡΟΣ ΑΝΕΘΗΚΕ ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ ΠΟΝΤΙΟΥ
618:
The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
1274:
917:
756:
Close-up of one side of New York's Cleopatra's Needle
132:
as " most striking monuments of ancient Alexandria".
16:
Ancient Egyptian obelisks in New York City and London
1482:
200:, has called for their restoration or repatriation.
1417:
496:, Isma'il Pasha suggested to American journalist
1544:
1076:
960:
821:al-Baghdādī, A.L.; Mackintosh-Smith, T. (2021).
219:Aiguilles de Cleopatra (Cleopatra's Needles) in
737:were from fragments of a bomb dropped during a
185:, also built just a few years earlier in 1872.
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1169:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 37–38.
1431:. Central Park Conservancy. February 12, 2015
1194:
1192:
717:View of London's needle from mid-Thames, 2009
150:In the same year, Elbert E. Farman, the then-
1489:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
344:In 1735, the former French consul in Egypt,
1370:
1220:
691:Cleopatra's needle being brought to England
1189:
1051:
1397:
1309:Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie: Tome premier
1257:(fourth ed.). Crooke. pp. 62–63
1101:
676:
1429:The Official Website of Central Park NYC
1403:
1383:
1329:DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Egypt: Egypt
1132:
903:
272:
250:
1618:Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
1553:15th-century BC establishments in Egypt
1268:
1162:
1156:
1013:
966:
923:
761:
705:Close-up of London's Cleopatra's Needle
671:The inscribed crabs, as they were found
74:. The obelisks were originally made in
1545:
1449:
1250:
1244:
1226:
1057:
1023:(6). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 519–530.
1017:Restoration of Buildings and Monuments
883:
122:, they were described in the 1840s in
102:. In 13/12 BCE they were moved to the
1198:
1152:. Vol. 2. Rouen. pp. 24–25.
1147:
1084:"Hawass fears for Cleopatra's Needle"
615:1830s lithograph from David Robert's
152:United States Consul General at Cairo
1568:1881 establishments in New York City
169:The London needle was placed on the
794:
603:1809 (only New York needle visible)
591:1803 (only New York needle visible)
13:
1476:
488:Cleopatra's Needle (New York City)
481:
277:Decorative Roman crab, now at the
14:
1629:
1504:
1281:(in French). Genneau. p. 142
839:: Following a section discussing
932:(2). Informa UK Limited: 50–52.
749:
722:
710:
698:
683:
664:
652:
640:
625:
608:
596:
584:
572:
553:
538:
531:
390:
322:, which also damaged the nearby
281:, with a bilingual inscription:
234:
212:
38:
23:
1443:
1346:
1320:
1296:
1141:
1126:
926:Journal of Geological Education
773:
492:In 1869, at the opening of the
314:in c.1200 CE, who according to
139:, who had greatly indebted the
1535:New International Encyclopedia
897:
877:
866:
857:
781:al-Baghdādī, M.D.A.L. (1800).
431:; however, neither proceeded.
1:
1058:Heyman, Taylor (2018-10-15).
850:
519:at Cairo, as a gift from the
203:
526:
465:William James Erasmus Wilson
401:The London needle is in the
145:William James Erasmus Wilson
7:
1529:"Cleopatra's Needles"
1513:"Cleopatra's Needles"
967:Winkler, Erhard M. (1980).
946:10.5408/0022-1368-xiii.2.50
647:1880 (New York needle only)
579:1798 (both needles visible)
566:Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie
438:was inspired on a visit to
368:Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie
10:
1634:
1405:Gorringe, Henry Honychurch
1385:Gorringe, Henry Honychurch
905:Gorringe, Henry Honychurch
513:Metropolitan Museum of Art
485:
397:Cleopatra's Needle, London
394:
279:Metropolitan Museum of Art
179:Metropolitan Museum of Art
162:(1877) and Gorringe wrote
51:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1573:Ancient Egyptian obelisks
1483:D'Alton, Martina (1993).
1133:Pfeiffer, Stefan (2015).
287:
156:Henry Honychurch Gorringe
86:period, inscribed by the
64:ancient Egyptian obelisks
1254:A Voyage Into the Levant
766:
455:of Egypt, together with
324:Lighthouse of Alexandria
312:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
190:University of Notre Dame
62:are a separated pair of
350:Description de l'Egypte
260:Description de l'Egypte
226:Description de l'Égypte
198:Minister of Antiquities
104:Caesareum of Alexandria
1558:15th-century BC steles
1519:Encyclopedia Americana
1199:Budge, E.A.W. (1926).
893:. Brain & Company.
809:
677:In London and New York
659:1884 (New York needle)
507:needle was erected in
498:William Henry Hurlbert
463:. Alexander's friend,
436:James Edward Alexander
411:Golden Jubilee Bridges
378:
359:
300:
295:
270:
1613:Muhammad Ali of Egypt
1450:Farman, E.E. (1908).
1233:. Barren. p. 114
1029:10.1515/rbm-1996-5145
693:, George Knight, 1877
562:Frederic Louis Norden
373:
363:Frederic Louis Norden
354:
320:1303 Crete earthquake
276:
264:Aiguille de Cléopâtre
254:
1163:Elliott, C. (2022).
1148:Lucas, Paul (1724).
979:(2). JSTOR: 94–102.
762:Notes and references
547:Belon's Observations
444:Place de la Concorde
196:, a former Egyptian
1593:Victoria Embankment
1583:Cleopatra's Needles
1251:Blount, H. (1650).
1227:Sandys, G. (1615).
938:1965JGeoE..13...50W
511:, just west of the
407:Victoria Embankment
403:City of Westminster
305:Cleopatra's Needles
171:Victoria Embankment
60:Cleopatra's Needles
49:, just outside the
32:Victoria Embankment
418:Muhammad Ali Pasha
316:E. A. Wallis Budge
301:
271:
141:Khedivate of Egypt
1465:978-1-63391-136-9
1410:Egyptian Obelisks
1390:Egyptian Obelisks
1339:978-1-4093-4045-4
1176:978-1-80085-510-6
910:Egyptian Obelisks
834:978-1-4798-0624-9
818:
803:
560:1737 sketch from
474:plane as part of
459:then the British
346:Benoît de Maillet
298:
256:Benoît de Maillet
177:just outside the
164:Egyptian Obelisks
1625:
1588:Diplomatic gifts
1539:
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1113:Daily News Egypt
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429:Great Exhibition
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223:, from the 1809
216:
108:prefect of Egypt
42:
27:
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985:10.2307/1493742
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885:Wilson, Erasmus
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873:Egypt and Nubia
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482:New York needle
399:
393:
348:, wrote in his
268:Pompey's Pillar
249:
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129:Egypt and Nubia
120:Pompey's Pillar
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1563:1878 in London
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1505:External links
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1598:Thutmose III
1578:Central Park
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1361:. Retrieved
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1304:Norden, F.L.
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1117:. Retrieved
1115:. 2011-01-09
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1090:. 2022-11-10
1088:Ahram Online
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96:19th dynasty
92:Thutmose III
88:18th dynasty
59:
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47:Central Park
1603:Ramesses II
739:World War I
729:One of two
194:Zahi Hawass
100:Ramesses II
84:New Kingdom
45:New York's
1547:Categories
1363:2018-10-10
1285:2022-11-11
1261:2022-11-12
1237:2022-11-12
1209:2022-11-10
1182:2022-11-10
1119:2022-11-10
1094:2022-11-10
1069:2022-11-10
851:References
632:1870s, by
494:Suez Canal
262:, showing
221:Alexandria
204:Alexandria
76:Heliopolis
1608:Cleopatra
1435:April 15,
1425:"Obelisk"
1045:131283762
1037:1864-7022
993:0044-9466
954:0022-1368
841:Ain Shams
742:airstrike
527:Galleries
476:The Blitz
472:Luftwaffe
434:In 1867,
416:In 1819,
409:near the
405:, on the
361:In 1755,
303:The name
112:Ptolemaic
30:London's
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1306:(1755).
907:(1885).
887:(1877).
735:pedestal
731:sphinxes
357:upright.
258:'s 1735
166:(1885).
98:pharaoh
90:pharaoh
78:(modern
1538:. 1905.
1522:. 1920.
1001:1493742
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817:
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521:Khedive
453:Khedive
334:Porphir
106:by the
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791:Arabic
451:, the
371:that:
114:Queen
68:London
1041:S2CID
997:JSTOR
806:Latin
767:Notes
440:Paris
292:Latin
284:Greek
80:Cairo
1491:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1437:2019
1334:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1033:ISSN
989:ISSN
950:ISSN
829:ISBN
815:lit.
800:lit.
503:The
290:and
266:and
94:and
70:and
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