623:(NEB), which bought a 43% interest in the company in 1976, but this injection of funds was found to be too late as by this point, other companies were starting to make similar products at lower costs on the market. The NEB streamlined Sinclair Radionics' product line, selling off the watch and television lines, and brought in Norman Hewitt as a managing director to assist Sinclair. While Sinclair made efforts to work with Hewitt and the NEB, his relationship with these worsened, as the NEB had little faith in Sinclair's vision. By 1979, the NEB opted to break up Sinclair Radionics, holding its instruments division as Sinclair Electronics, and selling its television division to
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762:, and during a time of recession and high unemployment in the UK, was positioned by Sinclair as a low-cost home computer for productivity applications. However, it also proved to be a popular gift for teenagers and young adults that year. This led to a number of these young people learning to program on the ZX Spectrum, using its newfound colour support, to make quirky video games inspired by
430:, excelling in mathematics. Sinclair had little interest in sports and found himself out of place at school. By the time he was ten, his father had financial problems. He had branched out from machine tools and planned to import miniature tractors from the U.S.; he had to give up the business. Because of his father's problems, Sinclair had to move school several times. After a time at
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television technology was already in advanced development to bypass the limitations of CRT. The TV80 was a commercial flop, only 15,000 units being produced. Despite these commercial failures, both the C5 and TV80 have since been considered products ahead of their time, with the C5 a precursor to the
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The continued success of the computer market continued to help boost
Sinclair Research's profit. In 1982, the company had a pre-tax profit of £9.2 million on a turnover of £27.6 million. Sinclair himself was estimated to a net value of over £100 million in 1983, two years after launching the first of
457:
During his early years, Sinclair earned money mowing lawns and washing up in a café, earning 6d (2½p) more than the permanent staff. Later he went for holiday jobs at electronic companies. At
Solartron he inquired about the possibility of electrically propelled personal vehicles. Sinclair applied for
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through
Sinclair Research, another attempt at a personal electric vehicle following the Sinclair C5. The X-1 was first announced in 2010, and incorporated design aspects that the C5 had been panned for, including an open egg-like shell for the rider with a more ergonomic seat, a more powerful motor
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cost about £700, and
Sinclair believed he could get the price of a system to under £100. Keeping the cost low was also essential for Sinclair to avoid his products from becoming outpriced by American or Japanese equivalents as had happened to several of the Sinclair Radionics products. In May 1979,
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electric bicycle. By 2003, Sinclair
Research was collaborating with Hong Kong-based firm Daka. A laboratory was set up for Daka near Croydon to develop products on a royalty basis. The two firms collaborated on a Sea Scooter and a wheelchair drive. In 1997, he invented the Sinclair XI, which was a
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and Apple but at about half their cost. However, towards the end of 1984, the market for personal computers in the United
Kingdom became cautious; Sinclair Research had entered into a small price war with Acorn Computers. The price drops meant that consumers saw these computers as more toys rather
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which launched in
January 1985. The Sinclair C5 was considered a significant failure, having been developed without any market research. It was widely criticised and widely ridiculed for its high price, its toy-like appearance, lack of safety features and exposure to the elements, and the need for
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Despite his involvement in computing, Sinclair did not use the
Internet, stating that he does not like to have "technical or mechanical things around me" as it distracts from the process of invention. In 2010, he said that he did not use computers himself, and preferred using the telephone rather
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wristwatch. The latter product, introduced in 1975, was a significant failure for
Sinclair: in addition to being unable to meet demand, the watch itself was found to be inaccurate and difficult to service, and its battery life was too short. Sinclair Radionics suffered its first financial loss in
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project at
Science of Cambridge; it was launched in February 1980 at £79.95 in kit form and £99.95 ready-built. The ZX80 was immediately successful, and besides sales in the UK, Sinclair also sought to introduce the computer into the United States. Science of Cambridge was subsequently renamed
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As Sinclair Research continued to be successful, Sinclair launched a new company, Sinclair Vehicles Ltd., in March 1983 to develop electric vehicles, using 10% of the capital generated by Sinclair Research and selling some of his own shares to fund the new venture. Sinclair had an interest in
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of the ZX Spectrum sprung up within these countries, further boosting the start of video game development by similar bedroom coders. The ZX Spectrum went on to become the UK's most-sold computer, selling more than 5 million units before it was discontinued in 1992. Sinclair Research computers
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His first marriage with Ann ended in divorce after twenty years around 1985 due to the pressure from the ongoing financial issues he had with his companies. From his marriage with Ann, he had three children. In 2010 Sinclair married Angie Bowness, a former dancer at a
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On 16 September 2021, Sinclair died in London following an illness related to cancer that he had for over a decade. He was 81 years old. Sinclair was remembered on his death for his contributions towards computing and video games by numerous people, including
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device, to work. George Sinclair's son, George William "Bill" Sinclair, wanted to take religious orders or become a journalist. His father suggested he train as an engineer first; Bill became a mechanical engineer and remained in the field. At the outbreak of
526:, which appeared in January 1959. It was re-printed late that year and nine times subsequently. His practical stereo handbook was published in June 1959 and reprinted seven times over 14 years. The last book Sinclair wrote as an employee of Bernard's was
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than productivity tools, and Sinclair Research missed its planned sales milestones for the 1984 holiday season. Into 1985, Acorn fell under investigation which propagated solvency concerns throughout the computer industry, including Sinclair Research.
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was launched at £125 for the 16 kB RAM version and £175 for the 48 kB version. It was the first computer in the ZX line to support colour output. The ZX Spectrum remained more affordable than other computers on the market, including the BBC Micro,
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was preparing to run a television series to teach viewers about computing and programming, both Sinclair and Curry pressured the BBC to choose computers from their respective companies to use as the primary tool. This pushed the development of the
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electric vehicles since the 1970s at Sinclair Radionics, and had been working with Tony Wood Rogers, a former Radionics employee, since 1979 to start developing prototypes of a new vehicle for the market. The company's only product was the
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the user to pedal the vehicle up steeper hills. Whilst Sinclair had anticipated 100,000 C5's would be sold in the first year, only 14,000 units were produced and 4,500 sold before the C5 line was terminated in August that same year.
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for £5 million. Sinclair Research Ltd. was reduced to an R&D business and holding company, with shareholdings in several spin-off companies, formed to exploit technologies developed by the company. These included Anamartic Ltd.
722:. Despite losing out to the BBC, Sinclair's push had established the ZX80 and ZX81 as one of the most-sold brands of computers across the UK and the United States as well as establishing a deal with distribution in Japan with
879:, planned to help Sinclair Research through its £12 million acquisition via Pergamon's Hollis Brothers division, announced in June 1985. However the deal was aborted in August 1985 as Sinclair found an offer with the
2544:"Oh God no", says Sir Clive Sinclair, "I was once asked and I said I can't, I'm an atheist. Actually I think I did have a couple, once, but I can't say I looked after them. Sort of lost them, or forgot about them."
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handheld television set. The failure of the C5, along with a weakened computer market, forced Sinclair to sell most of his companies by 1986. Through 2010, Sinclair concentrated on personal transport, including the
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and its calculator division to ESL Bristol. Sinclair himself left the company at this point. Effectively NEB wrote off its estimated £7 million investment into Sinclair Radionics as a loss. Sinclair was given a
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than email. In 2014, he predicted, "Once you start to make machines that are rivalling and surpassing humans with intelligence, it's going to be very difficult for us to survive. It's just an inevitability."
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I think they are atrociously amateurish. They are marvellous at making programmes and so on, but by God they should not be making computers, any more than they should be making BBC cars or BBC toothpaste
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the ZX computers. With the additional funds, Sinclair converted the Barker & Wadsworth mineral water bottling factory into the company's headquarters in 1982. In January 1983, American news magazine
662:, and planned for Curry to develop technology from ideas from the school. An early product from Science of Cambridge was a wrist calculator kit, which helped to keep the company financially afloat.
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ahead as Sinclair's standard for the BBC. The ZX81 was launched at £49.95 in kit form and £69.95 ready-built, by mail order. Ultimately, the BBC chose Acorn and standardized on a successor to the
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By 1990, Sinclair Research consisted of Sinclair and two other employees down from 130 employees at its peak in 1985, and its activities later concentrated on personal transport, including the
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list: cost per set 9/11 (49½p), plus coloured wire and solder, nuts and bolts, plus celluloid chassis (drilled) for nine shillings (45p). Also in the book are the advertisement rates for
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Sinclair received several honours for his contributions towards helping establish the personal computer industry in the United Kingdom. In 1983, he was awarded Honorary Degrees of
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at 6d (2½p) each in boxes of 10,000. He then carried out his own quality control tests, and marketed his renamed MAT 100 and 120 at 7s 9d (38¾p) and 101 and 121 at 8s 6d (42½p).
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following his death described Sinclair as a tenacious inventor whose career was a triumph of perseverance similar to that of many of Britain's greatest inventors, such as Sir
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with Hauser in 1978. Acorn became a direct competitor to Sinclair's products, with the Acorn System 75 as its answer to the MK14, effectively an MK14 chip with a keyboard.
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312:. Sinclair Research is widely recognised for its importance in the early days of the British and European home computer industry, as well as helping to give rise to the
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had started appearing on the market. Sinclair came up with the idea of selling a microprocessor teaching kit, and in June 1978, Science of Cambridge launched the
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1847:Švelch, Jaroslav (2017). "Keeping the Spectrum alive: Platform fandom in a time of transition". In Swalwell, Melanie; Stuckey, Helen; Ndalianis, Angela (eds.).
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and sought a backer for its production in kit form. Eventually he found someone who agreed to buy 55% of his company for £3,000, but the deal didn't finalise.
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519:(5/6 (27½p) per line or part line). Sinclair estimated producing 1,000 a month, placing orders with suppliers for 10,000 of each component to be delivered.
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His last appearance as assistant editor was in April 1969. Through UTP, Sinclair had access to thousands of devices from 36 manufacturers. He contacted
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Sinclair continued to direct Sinclair Research as they continued the ZX Spectrum line of computers through 1983 and 1984 as well as launching the
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The lack of funds for Sinclair Research and the failure of the C5 created financial difficulties for Sinclair. Sinclair Vehicles was placed into
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and larger battery storage, and an effectively lower cost accounting for inflation than the C5. However, the X-1 failed to reach the market.
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The popularity of the ZX Spectrum spread to Western Europe. While Sinclair could not import into Eastern European countries still within the
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By the late 1960s and early 1970s, Sinclair Radionics was producing handheld electronic calculators, miniature televisions, and the digital
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To follow up on the MK14, Sinclair started looking to build a personal computer. At around that time (1979), premade systems such as the
419:. A telegram arrived shortly afterwards, bringing the news that their home in Ealing had been bombed. Sinclair's father found a house in
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which they sold through word of mouth and mail order. So-called "bedroom coders" using the ZX Spectrum gave rise to the start of the
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and took one of his circuit designs; he was rejected for precociousness. While still at school he wrote his first article for
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was available but did not sound right. Sinclair Radionics was formed on 25 July 1961. Sinclair made two attempts to raise
796:," and Sinclair was one of six individuals from the computing industry who were spotlighted in the accompanying feature.
572:, their properties and applications and hoped they might be available by the end of 1962. Sinclair undertook a survey of
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658:, establish a "lifeboat" company, called Science of Cambridge Ltd, in July 1977, called such as they were located near
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261:(30 July 1940 – 16 September 2021) was an English entrepreneur and inventor, best known for being a pioneer in the
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1975–1976, and Sinclair sought potential investors to help recover the lost funds. He eventually worked with the
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2736:"Bill Gates on dangers of artificial intelligence: 'I don't understand why some people are not concerned'"
1993:
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726:. A number of user groups, magazines and third party accessories for both computers started to appear.
568:. Sinclair appeared in the publication as an assistant editor in March 1962. Sinclair described making
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accounted for 45% of the British market in 1984, including those from British and American companies.
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obtained a licence to manufacture and market Sinclair's computers in the United States under the name
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chip, in June 1978. As Sinclair began working on the MK14's successor, Curry was in discussions with
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While Sinclair was dealing with the NEB and had seen problems developing, he had a former employee,
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By the time that Sinclair had left Radionics and joined Curry at Science of Cambridge, inexpensive
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603:) and ordered rejects to repair. He produced a design for a miniature radio powered by a couple of
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Sinclair's Micro Kit was formalised in an exercise book dated 19 June 1958, three weeks before his
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Transistor Circuits Manual 3 - Eleven Tested Transistor Circuits using Prefabricated Circuit Units
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Sinclair's father and grandfather were engineers; both had been apprentices at the shipbuilders
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purchased a portrait of Sinclair by photographer Simon Lewis for its permanent collection.
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Clive Sinclair was born to George Sinclair and Thora Edith Ella Marles on 30 July 1940, in
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in 1939, he was running his own machine tools business in London, and later worked for the
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300:(the UK's first mass-market home computer for less than £100) and in the early 1980s, the
8:
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Sinclair, unable to find capital, joined United Trade Press (UTP) as technical editor of
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1493:"Sinclair Radionics advertisement in December 1962 issue of Practical Wireless magazine"
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by October 1985, and in April 1986, Sinclair sold the bulk of Sinclair Research to
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modern day electric car and the TV80 comparable to watching videos on smartphones.
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for commuters which was small enough to fit in a handbag. He also developed the
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Sinclair also had several commercial failures, including the Sinclair Radionics
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in Berkshire. His brother Iain was born in 1943 and his sister Fiona in 1947.
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1821:"How the ZX Spectrum Helped Make the 80s Video Gaming's Most Creative Decade"
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1028:. This second marriage lasted for seven years before also ending in divorce.
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After he left school at the age of 18, he sold miniature electronic kits by
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1881:"RIP Sir Clive Sinclair, creator of UK's famed ZX Spectrum gaming computer"
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1536:"Sinclair 'Black Watch' with LED display | Science Museum Group Collection"
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kits and licensed some technology. Then he took his design for a miniature
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Sinclair was a poker player and appeared in the first three series of the
858:) brand in 1984 intended to compete with business lines of computers from
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In 1961, Sinclair registered Sinclair Radionics Ltd. His original choice,
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2707:"Out of control AI will not kill us, believes Microsoft Research chief"
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2231:"1985: Clive Sinclair saved by Dixons as Guinness closes in on Bell's"
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and an estimated £10,000 package with the dissolution of his company.
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2516:"NPG P365; Sir Clive Sinclair - Portrait - National Portrait Gallery"
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1133:
Practical Transistor Audio Amplifiers for the Home Constructor Book 1
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420:
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78:
2075:
Brooks, Richard (15 December 1985). "C5 – an electric dream fades".
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Transistor Subminiature Receivers Handbook for the Home Constructor
770:. By 1984, over 3,500 games had been released for the ZX Spectrum.
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411:. He and his mother left London for safety to stay with an aunt in
365:
for his contributions to the personal computer industry in the UK.
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3134:
3008:"Interview – Sir Clive Sinclair: 'I don't use a computer at all'"
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Sinclair Computers Ltd, and then again to Sinclair Research Ltd.
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1197:"Interview from Practical Compµting magazine, Volume 5 Issue 7"
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343:
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1769:"Clive Sinclair and the offbeat brilliance of the ZX Spectrum"
718:—originally named Acorn Proton, but ultimately branded as the
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Another noted misfire for Sinclair was the Sinclair Research
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2466:"List of all Honorary Graduates and Chancellor's Medallists"
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to advertise his inventions and buy components. He designed
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and also as the founder of several companies that developed
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Transistor Receivers Book 2 - Transistor Superhet Receivers
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in 1961. He produced the world's first slimline electronic
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2761:"Sir Clive Sinclair: Tireless inventor ahead of his time"
2679:"Syntax era: Sir Clive Sinclair's ZX Spectrum revolution"
2491:"Honorary graduates, fellows and Imperial College medals"
2025:"Sinclair C5 electric trike goes on sale – archive, 1985"
1703:"Sir Clive Sinclair: Tireless inventor ahead of his time"
1630:
859:
843:
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2128:"Home computing pioneer Sir Clive Sinclair dies aged 81"
2842:"The games industry pays tribute to Sir Clive Sinclair"
2068:
1973:. Vol. 121, no. 1. 3 January 1983. p. 12
1001:
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portable computer and satellite television receivers).
799:
646:
2436:"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"
681:, and opted to leave Science of Cambridge to co-found
507:. Sinclair drew a radio circuit, Model Mark I, with a
288:) in 1972. Sinclair then moved into the production of
2653:"Sir Clive Sinclair: 'I don't use a computer at all'"
2358:"Sinclair X-1: Sir Clive Tries Another Electric Bike"
1742:"ZX Spectrum:the legacy of a computer for the masses"
2787:"Sir Clive Sinclair: Computing pioneer dies aged 81"
1458:
1456:
1323:(Interview). Interviewed by Richard Sharpe. London.
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Sinclair authored electronics constructor books for
834:, a flatscreen portable mini television utilising a
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at the time (9d (3¾p)/word, minimum 6/- (30p)) and
272:
After spending several years as assistant editor of
368:
19:For the Somerset Maugham Award-winning author, see
2562:
2560:
2303:
1230:
1147:Transistorized Test Equipment and Servicing Manual
3837:People educated at St George's College, Weybridge
2548:, 'Godparenthood that rests on fame, not faith',
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842:had been released in Japan in 1982. Furthermore,
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1579:"Inventor; Trying Again In Consumer Electronics"
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1215:
1213:
1175:22 Tested Circuits Using Micro Alloy Transistors
522:Sinclair wrote a book for Bernard's Publishing,
2814:"Global tributes pour in to Sir Clive Sinclair"
2634:"Clive Sinclair on 'elegant' electric vehicles"
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1911:
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607:and made a deal with Semiconductors to buy its
2332:"Archive interview — Sir Clive Sinclair, 2003"
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1339:"Sir Clive Sinclair: innovator extraordinaire"
599:(who at that time sold semiconductors made by
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2970:Sir Clive Sinclair at Planet Sinclair website
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1210:
1000:spin-off. Sinclair was an atheist. He had an
450:in physics, pure maths, and applied maths at
16:English entrepreneur and inventor (1940–2021)
2023:Harry, Roy; Large, Peter (11 January 2018).
1898:
1869:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1565:
1364:
650:The ZX80 home computer was launched in 1980.
3067:Sinclair computers, derivatives, and clones
2952:"30 Dumb Inventions: Mini Television, 1966"
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1603:
1601:
1514:Mister Transistor's Historic Semiconductors
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2874:. No. 73580, p.33. 18 September 2021.
2265:. p. 49 – via www.ivorcatt.org.
2022:
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1024:nightclub and who represented England for
41:
3003:British Mensa biography of Clive Sinclair
2997:"'Move over Segway, I'm planning the C6'"
2839:
2586:
2329:
2051:"Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?"
1792:
1647:
3852:People from the London Borough of Ealing
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1598:
1510:"Vintage Semiconductors Ltd transistors"
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1314:
1278:
1256:, a one-off TV drama about Sinclair and
1161:Modern Transistor Circuits for Beginners
910:
809:
728:
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528:Modern Transistor Circuits for Beginners
491:
377:. His grandfather George Sinclair was a
2889:Adamson, Ian; Kennedy, Richard (1986).
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994:. He won the first series final of the
3774:
2893:. London: Penguin Books. 224 pp.
2840:Batchelor, James (20 September 2021).
2733:
2355:
2228:
2126:Siddique, Haroon (16 September 2021).
2074:
1991:
1846:
1793:Pratchett, Rhianna (24 January 2004).
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1739:
1576:
1286:"Biography of Sir Clive Sinclair . . "
1194:
927:Sinclair had planned to introduce the
792:named the personal computer the 1982 "
3608:
3039:
2891:Sinclair and the "Sunrise" Technology
2566:
1915:
1879:Machkovech, Sam (17 September 2021).
1091:Practical Transistor Receivers Book 1
524:Practical transistor receivers Book 1
481:
3634:
2904:
2812:Flarehty, Nick (17 September 2021).
2651:Garfield, Simon (28 February 2010).
2567:Bates, Stephan (17 September 2021).
2383:
2256:
2200:"Hollis Pulls Out of Sinclair Offer"
2154:
2010:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1818:
1727:
1664:
1641:
1559:
1540:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
1479:
1462:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1375:
1358:
1315:Sinclair, Clive (28 February 2019).
1272:
1263:
1004:of 159, and was a member of British
800:Sinclair Vehicles and market decline
635:
499:pocket calculator (launched in 1972)
2356:Sorrel, Charlie (5 November 2010).
1992:Golden, Frederic (3 January 1983).
1767:Stuart, Keith (17 September 2021).
1577:Bailey, Elizabeth (12 April 1981).
1343:BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT
1317:"Interview with Sir Clive Sinclair"
817:electric vehicle (launched in 1985)
13:
3832:People educated at Highgate School
3817:Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
2608:"Sinclair dreams of 'flying cars'"
2554:(London), 28 February 1998, p. 15.
2411:"Honorary graduates, 1980 to 1989"
2229:Brooks, Richard (11 August 1985).
1331:
962:Queen's 1983 Birthday Honours List
14:
3868:
3031:National Portrait Gallery, London
2925:
2734:Holley, Peter (29 January 2015).
2384:Dunn, Michael (8 December 2014).
2330:Coppinger, Rob (2 January 2018).
2049:Stewart, Jack (9 December 2014).
1395:"Biography of Sir Clive Sinclair"
1327:from the original on 12 May 2021.
1154:Transistor Audio Amplifier Manual
535:
415:, where they eventually moved to
3124:
2999:, Jonathan Duffy, BBC News, 2003
2095:The Centre for Computing History
979:
369:Early life, family and education
226:
199:
2882:
2861:
2833:
2805:
2753:
2727:
2699:
2671:
2644:
2626:
2600:
2594:"Sir Clive Sinclair – Obituary"
2538:
2508:
2483:
2458:
2428:
2403:
2377:
2349:
2323:
2295:
2269:
2259:"Dinosaur Computers: Sir Clive"
2250:
2222:
2192:
2169:"Sinclair to Sell British Unit"
2083:
2042:
2016:
2004:
1985:
1959:
1947:
1840:
1812:
1786:
1760:
1740:Stuart, Keith (23 April 2012),
1733:
1721:
1695:
1670:
1613:"Sinclair: a Corporate History"
1553:
1528:
1502:
1485:
1441:
1417:
1076:
915:Sinclair on an X-Bike prototype
899:) and Cambridge Computer Ltd. (
777:at the time, numerous low-cost
452:St. George's College, Weybridge
222:
195:
3842:Sustainable transport pioneers
2975:"The Rising Star of Cambridge"
2386:"Sir Clive Sinclair interview"
1916:Feder, Barnaby (19 May 1985).
1819:Lean, Tom (11 February 2016).
1393:Goodenough, Jan (March 2000).
1245:
1188:
964:. In 1984, he was honoured by
935:
924:radio the size of a 10p coin.
906:
269:in the 1970s and early 1980s.
1:
2302:Webster, Ben (13 July 2006).
1994:"Other Maestros of the Micro"
1232:"Sir Clive Sinclair obituary"
1181:
2305:"Remember the C5? The Zike?"
1795:"Death of the bedroom coder"
1168:Transistor Circuits Manual 5
1126:Transistor Circuits Manual 4
1112:Transistor Circuits Manual 2
530:, published in May 1962. At
333:, and the Sinclair Research
7:
3027:Portraits of Clive Sinclair
2596:. Mensa. 16 September 2021.
673:kit, based on the National
442:in London in 1955, and his
428:Boxgrove Preparatory School
314:British video game industry
10:
3873:
3122:
803:
639:
570:silicon planar transistors
485:
150:slimline pocket calculator
18:
3733:
3642:
3568:
3504:
3472:
3438:
3265:
3234:
3216:
3177:
3156:
3133:
3073:
2977:(column), David Tebbutt,
2947:Sinclair Research website
2520:National Portrait Gallery
2277:"Farewell Clive Sinclair"
1098:Practical Stereo Handbook
974:National Portrait Gallery
621:National Enterprise Board
476:
296:, producing the Sinclair
259:Sir Clive Marles Sinclair
245:
237:
174:
127:
119:
102:
86:
56:
40:
30:
3802:English company founders
2958:28 December 2010 at the
2257:Catt, Ivor (June 2003).
768:UK's video game industry
331:battery electric vehicle
3807:British cycle designers
2495:Imperial College London
1678:"Sinclair Research Ltd"
1195:Hayman, Martin (1982).
1010:New York City Marathons
966:Imperial College London
897:wafer-scale integration
737:was introduced in 1982.
660:University of Cambridge
609:micro-alloy transistors
559:transistor pocket radio
357:Sinclair was appointed
21:Clive Sinclair (author)
2868:"Tenacious Inventor".
2440:Heriot-Watt University
1918:"Inventing the Future"
950:Heriot-Watt University
916:
818:
738:
651:
592:
500:
278:Sinclair Radionics Ltd
3847:British poker players
2909:. London: Duckworth.
2905:Dale, Rodney (1985).
2470:University of Warwick
1177:; 1963. (22 circuits)
1170:; 1963. (14 circuits)
1163:; 1962. (35 circuits)
1156:; 1962. (32 circuits)
1135:; 1961. (32 circuits)
1128:; 1960. (11 circuits)
1121:; 1960. (11 circuits)
1114:; 1960. (13 circuits)
1107:; 1960. (50 circuits)
1093:; 1959. (30 circuits)
1071:Alexander Graham Bell
954:University of Warwick
914:
883:of only £10 million.
813:
732:
649:
586:
495:
473:to the hobby market.
363:1983 Birthday Honours
294:Sinclair Research Ltd
61:Clive Marles Sinclair
3352:ZX Spectrum based:
3078:Science of Cambridge
2569:"Sir Clive Sinclair"
2526:on 17 September 2021
2178:The Associated Press
2091:"Sinclair TV80/FTV1"
1241:. 16 September 2021.
1173:Barnards 181 :
1166:Barnards 179 :
1159:Barnards 177 :
1152:Barnards 176 :
1145:Barnards 175 :
1138:Barnards 174 :
1131:Barnards 173 :
1124:Barnards 168 :
1117:Barnards 167 :
1110:Barnards 163 :
1103:Barnards 151 :
1096:Barnards 149 :
1089:Barnards 148 :
997:Celebrity Poker Club
972:. In 1988, London's
705:On hearing that the
543:Sinclair Electronics
434:, Sinclair took his
267:consumer electronics
225: 2010;
198: 1962;
3560:Magnum Light Phaser
3525:Rotronics Wafadrive
3512:Beta Disk Interface
3076:Sinclair Research /
2985:"Sinclair bows out"
2793:. 16 September 2021
2767:. 16 September 2021
2283:. 16 September 2021
1967:"A New World Dawns"
1849:Fans and Videogames
1709:. 16 September 2021
1201:worldofspectrum.net
794:Machine of the Year
587:Sinclair Radionics
578:Instrument Practice
566:Instrument Practice
276:, Sinclair founded
274:Instrument Practice
3496:FDD3000 Disk Drive
3482:Neptun 156 Monitor
3252:ZX Spectrum clones
3218:Cambridge Computer
3010:, Simon Garfield,
2907:The Sinclair Story
2415:University of Bath
2216:The New York Times
2174:The New York Times
2157:, pp. 171–180
2013:, pp. 151–160
1944:, pp. 119–115
1922:The New York Times
1855:. pp. 57–74.
1730:, pp. 109–118
1584:The New York Times
1405:on 2 February 2008
1296:on 2 February 2008
946:University of Bath
917:
819:
741:In February 1982,
739:
652:
597:Semiconductors Ltd
593:
591:(launched in 1975)
545:, had been taken;
517:Practical Wireless
501:
497:Sinclair Executive
488:Sinclair Radionics
482:Sinclair Radionics
464:Practical Wireless
426:Sinclair attended
398:Ministry of Supply
286:Sinclair Executive
263:computing industry
185:Ann Trevor-Briscoe
136:Sinclair Radionics
3822:Sinclair Research
3797:English inventors
3769:
3768:
3643:Brands and models
3602:
3601:
3589:Richard Altwasser
3555:Stack Light Rifle
3550:RAM Music Machine
3505:Other peripherals
3473:Timex peripherals
3440:Sinclair Research
3179:Timex Corporation
3169:ZX Spectrum Vega+
2936:Marcus Williamson
2847:GamesIndustry.biz
2715:. 28 January 2015
2687:. 5 December 2014
2263:ELECTRONICS WORLD
1667:, pp. 95–108
942:Doctor of Science
806:Sinclair Vehicles
656:Christopher Curry
642:Sinclair Research
636:Sinclair Research
605:hearing aid cells
536:constructor books
513:Radio Constructor
458:a holiday job at
325:Sinclair Vehicles
282:pocket calculator
256:
255:
144:Sinclair Vehicles
140:Sinclair Research
120:Years active
90:16 September 2021
3864:
3857:English atheists
3812:Knights Bachelor
3751:Riese und Müller
3636:Folding bicycles
3629:
3622:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3406:ZX Spectrum Next
3362:CZ Spectrum Plus
3164:ZX Spectrum Vega
3157:Licenced systems
3128:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3036:
2993:, Issue 51, 1986
2987:, John Gilbert,
2920:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2555:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2522:. Archived from
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2446:on 18 April 2016
2442:. Archived from
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2206:. 10 August 1985
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:The Sunday Times
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1645:
1644:, pp. 89–94
1639:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1574:
1563:
1562:, pp. 77–88
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1482:, pp. 11–12
1477:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1401:. Archived from
1390:
1379:
1373:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1345:. 12 March 2020.
1335:
1329:
1328:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1292:. Archived from
1282:
1276:
1270:
1261:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1208:
1207:
1192:
1026:Miss Europe 1995
987:Late Night Poker
968:by being made a
870:The Daily Mirror
836:cathode ray tube
749:. In April, the
630:golden handshake
323:wristwatch, the
230:
228:
224:
203:
201:
197:
148:Inventor of the
93:
70:
68:
45:
28:
27:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3729:
3638:
3633:
3603:
3598:
3564:
3500:
3468:
3434:
3378:Scorpion ZS-256
3270:
3269:related systems
3268:
3261:
3240:
3230:
3212:
3173:
3152:
3129:
3120:
3110:ZX Spectrum 128
3080:
3077:
3069:
3064:
2960:Wayback Machine
2941:The Independent
2928:
2923:
2917:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2740:Washington Post
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2649:
2645:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2558:
2551:The Independent
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2227:
2223:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2124:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1648:
1640:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1617:Planet Sinclair
1611:
1610:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1575:
1566:
1560:& Dale 1985
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1469:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1438:, pp. 6, 7
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1391:
1382:
1374:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1246:
1229:
1228:
1211:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1079:
1046:Debbie Bestwick
982:
938:
909:
867:, the owner of
808:
802:
683:Acorn Computers
667:microprocessors
644:
638:
551:startup capital
490:
484:
479:
440:Highgate School
379:naval architect
371:
359:Knight Bachelor
348:folding bicycle
250:Knight Bachelor
233:
232:
229: 2017)
220:
216:
213:
205:
202: 1985)
193:
189:
186:
170:
115:
98:
97:London, England
95:
91:
82:
72:
66:
64:
63:
62:
52:
36:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Clive Sinclair
3789:
3784:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3761:Clive Sinclair
3758:
3756:Andrew Ritchie
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Rick Dickinson
3581:
3580:John Pemberton
3578:
3576:Clive Sinclair
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3491:FDD Disk Drive
3488:
3483:
3480:
3479:TS2040 Printer
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3459:ZX Interface 2
3456:
3454:ZX Interface 1
3451:
3445:
3443:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3408:
3350:
3288:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:ZX80/81 clones
3243:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3148:ZX Spectrum +3
3145:
3143:ZX Spectrum +2
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3024:
3018:Clive Sinclair
3015:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2966:magazine, 1966
2949:
2944:
2927:
2926:External links
2924:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2902:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2860:
2832:
2804:
2778:
2752:
2726:
2698:
2670:
2643:
2640:. 2 July 2010.
2625:
2614:. 30 June 2008
2599:
2585:
2556:
2537:
2507:
2482:
2457:
2427:
2402:
2376:
2348:
2322:
2294:
2268:
2249:
2221:
2191:
2180:. 18 June 1985
2159:
2144:
2107:
2082:
2067:
2041:
2015:
2003:
1984:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1897:
1868:
1861:
1839:
1811:
1785:
1759:
1732:
1720:
1694:
1682:Science Museum
1669:
1646:
1629:
1597:
1564:
1552:
1527:
1501:
1484:
1467:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1380:
1363:
1348:
1330:
1307:
1277:
1262:
1244:
1209:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1083:Bernard Babani
1078:
1075:
981:
978:
937:
934:
908:
905:
876:Pergamon Press
865:Robert Maxwell
804:Main article:
801:
798:
764:British humour
747:Timex Sinclair
679:Hermann Hauser
640:Main article:
637:
634:
547:Sinclair Radio
534:, he wrote 13
532:Bernard Babani
486:Main article:
483:
480:
478:
475:
432:Reading School
370:
367:
290:home computers
254:
253:
247:
243:
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239:
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218:
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211:
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191:
187:
184:
183:
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178:
176:
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146:
131:
129:
128:Known for
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
114:
113:
110:
106:
104:
100:
99:
96:
94:(aged 81)
88:
84:
83:
73:
60:
58:
54:
53:
46:
38:
37:
35:Clive Sinclair
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3869:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
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3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
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3790:
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3780:
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3777:
3762:
3759:
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3656:
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3648:
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3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3595:
3594:Steve Vickers
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
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3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3464:ZX Microdrive
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:Komputer 2086
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:ZX81 based:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3267:Compatible or
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
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3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:Sinclair User
2986:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2916:0-7156-1901-2
2912:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2899:0-14-008774-5
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2821:
2820:
2819:EeNews Europe
2815:
2808:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2546:Rosie Millard
2541:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2391:
2387:
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2333:
2326:
2311:
2306:
2298:
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2278:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1956:, p. 114
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1862:9781138679672
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1661:
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1657:
1655:
1653:
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1638:
1636:
1634:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1586:
1585:
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1537:
1531:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1404:
1400:
1399:British Mensa
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1290:British Mensa
1287:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:Charles Cecil
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Satya Nadella
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:Stringfellows
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
993:
989:
988:
980:Personal life
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
933:
930:
925:
922:
913:
904:
902:
898:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
877:
872:
871:
866:
861:
857:
853:
848:
845:
841:
840:Sony Watchman
837:
833:
828:
825:
816:
812:
807:
797:
795:
791:
790:
783:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
748:
744:
736:
731:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Sinclair ZX81
708:
703:
700:
696:
691:
690:Commodore PET
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
648:
643:
633:
631:
626:
622:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
585:
581:
579:
575:
574:semiconductor
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
498:
494:
489:
474:
472:
467:
465:
461:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
390:
389:mine sweeping
386:
385:
380:
376:
366:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:in 1980 with
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
212:Angie Bowness
207:
206:
180:
179:
177:
173:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
111:
108:
107:
105:
101:
89:
85:
80:
76:
59:
55:
50:
44:
39:
29:
26:
22:
3760:
3746:Alex Moulton
3741:David T. Hon
3715:Swift Folder
3575:
3486:TS2050 Modem
3416:One Per Desk
3324:CZ 1500 Plus
3320:CZ 1000 Plus
3276:ZX80 based:
3106:ZX Spectrum+
3012:The Observer
3011:
2988:
2978:
2963:
2939:
2906:
2890:
2869:
2863:
2853:20 September
2851:. Retrieved
2845:
2835:
2825:20 September
2823:. Retrieved
2817:
2807:
2797:16 September
2795:. Retrieved
2781:
2771:17 September
2769:. Retrieved
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2710:
2701:
2691:17 September
2689:. Retrieved
2682:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:The Guardian
2656:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2588:
2578:17 September
2576:. Retrieved
2573:The Guardian
2572:
2549:
2540:
2530:17 September
2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
2519:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:the original
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2389:
2379:
2369:16 September
2367:. Retrieved
2361:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2336:The Engineer
2335:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:
2297:
2287:17 September
2285:. Retrieved
2280:
2271:
2262:
2252:
2242:20 September
2240:. Retrieved
2234:
2224:
2214:– via
2210:20 September
2208:. Retrieved
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2173:
2162:
2137:16 September
2135:. Retrieved
2132:The Guardian
2131:
2100:17 September
2098:. Retrieved
2085:
2076:
2070:
2060:16 September
2058:. Retrieved
2044:
2034:16 September
2032:. Retrieved
2029:The Guardian
2028:
2018:
2006:
1997:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1927:18 September
1925:. Retrieved
1921:
1890:17 September
1888:. Retrieved
1885:Ars Technica
1884:
1848:
1842:
1832:18 September
1830:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1804:30 September
1802:. Retrieved
1799:The Guardian
1798:
1788:
1778:17 September
1776:. Retrieved
1773:The Guardian
1772:
1762:
1751:, retrieved
1747:The Guardian
1745:
1735:
1723:
1713:17 September
1711:. Retrieved
1706:
1697:
1687:17 September
1685:. Retrieved
1681:
1672:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1590:18 September
1588:. Retrieved
1582:
1555:
1545:16 September
1543:. Retrieved
1539:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1487:
1465:, p. 13
1450:, p. 11
1443:
1431:
1419:
1409:25 September
1407:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1342:
1333:
1320:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1289:
1280:
1251:
1247:
1236:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1085:publishers:
1080:
1077:Publications
1057:
1054:David Braben
1042:Oliver Twins
1030:
1018:
1014:
995:
985:
983:
939:
929:Sinclair X-1
926:
918:
888:receivership
885:
881:Dixons Group
874:
868:
856:Quantum Leap
849:
829:
820:
787:
784:
772:
740:
704:
695:Jim Westwood
687:
664:
653:
613:
594:
577:
576:devices for
565:
563:
546:
542:
540:
527:
523:
521:
516:
512:
502:
468:
463:
456:
425:
402:
394:World War II
382:
381:who got the
372:
356:
352:Sinclair X-1
318:
273:
271:
258:
257:
109:Entrepreneur
92:(2021-09-16)
71:30 July 1940
47:Sinclair in
25:
3787:2021 deaths
3782:1940 births
3660:Bike Friday
3442:peripherals
3430:Jupiter Ace
3336:Ringo R-470
3328:CZ Spectrum
3300:Lambda 8300
3102:ZX Spectrum
1426:, p. 4
1378:, p. 3
1361:, p. 2
1321:Archives IT
1300:11 November
1275:, p. 1
1258:Chris Curry
1067:James Dyson
936:Recognition
907:Later years
854:(short for
852:Sinclair QL
824:Sinclair C5
815:Sinclair C5
775:Soviet bloc
751:ZX Spectrum
735:ZX Spectrum
616:Black Watch
589:Black Watch
337:flatscreen
321:Black Watch
310:Sinclair QL
306:ZX Spectrum
162:ZX Spectrum
134:Founder of
103:Occupations
3776:Categories
3449:ZX Printer
3410:QL based:
2979:MicroScope
2883:References
2395:5 February
2341:19 January
2184:4 December
1753:8 February
1182:References
716:Acorn Atom
509:components
471:mail order
417:Teignmouth
67:1940-07-30
3734:Designers
3655:Bickerton
3530:Multiface
3426:SAM Coupé
3370:Dubna 48K
3292:Apply 300
3257:QL clones
3236:Lists of
3199:(TC 2068)
2871:The Times
2310:The Times
2236:The Times
2155:Dale 1985
2011:Dale 1985
1954:Dale 1985
1942:Dale 1985
1853:Routledge
1728:Dale 1985
1665:Dale 1985
1642:Dale 1985
1480:Dale 1985
1463:Dale 1985
1448:Dale 1985
1436:Dale 1985
1424:Dale 1985
1376:Dale 1985
1359:Dale 1985
1273:Dale 1985
1253:Micro Men
1238:The Times
1034:Elon Musk
992:Channel 4
956:. He was
720:BBC Micro
421:Bracknell
409:Middlesex
123:1961−2010
81:, England
79:Middlesex
3690:Montague
3680:Di Blasi
3670:Brompton
3545:SpecDrum
3535:Kempston
3517:DISCiPLE
3412:CST Thor
3386:Kay 1024
3382:Sprinter
3366:Didaktik
3358:Pentagon
3332:NE-Z8000
3278:MicroAce
3197:T/S 2068
3192:T/S 1500
3187:T/S 1000
2956:Archived
2932:Obituary
2791:BBC News
2765:BBC News
2712:BBC News
2684:BBC News
2659:. London
2638:BBC News
2612:BBC News
2315:10 April
2055:BBC News
1707:BBC News
1622:30 April
1325:Archived
958:knighted
760:Apple II
625:Binatone
505:A-levels
448:S-levels
444:A-levels
436:O-levels
384:paravane
308:and the
238:Children
112:inventor
3827:Mensans
3705:Pashley
3700:Neobike
3695:Moulton
3424:Other:
3420:Q40/Q60
3316:CZ 1500
3312:CZ 1000
3308:CZ 2000
3296:AS-1000
3208:TC 3256
3203:TC 2048
3135:Amstrad
3029:at the
2745:2 April
2719:2 April
2500:5 March
2475:5 March
2450:5 March
2420:5 March
2281:EE News
2204:Reuters
1977:4 April
1149:; 1961.
1142:; 1961.
1100:; 1959.
960:in the
944:by the
892:Amstrad
601:Plessey
460:Mullard
375:Vickers
361:in the
231:
219:
215:
204:
192:
188:
175:Spouses
49:Bristol
3710:Strida
3650:A-bike
3569:People
3540:Currah
3374:Hobbit
3304:CP-200
3286:NE-Z80
3238:clones
3014:, 2010
2981:, 1983
2913:
2897:
2663:23 May
2618:6 July
1859:
1516:. 2010
1063:leader
1052:, and
1040:, the
970:fellow
779:clones
758:, and
756:VIC-20
724:Mitsui
477:Career
405:Ealing
344:A-bike
252:(1983)
246:Awards
75:Ealing
51:, 1992
3725:Xootr
3685:Giant
3675:Dahon
3665:Birdy
3402:Robik
3394:TK90X
3340:TK82C
2363:Wired
1520:5 May
1496:(PDF)
1059:Times
1006:Mensa
743:Timex
675:SC/MP
413:Devon
284:(the
221:(
217:
194:(
190:
3720:Tern
3521:MB02
3398:TK95
3348:TK85
3344:TK83
3282:TK80
3097:ZX81
3092:ZX80
3087:MK14
3022:IMDb
2964:Life
2911:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2855:2021
2827:2021
2799:2021
2773:2021
2747:2016
2721:2016
2693:2021
2665:2011
2620:2011
2580:2021
2532:2021
2502:2021
2477:2021
2452:2021
2422:2021
2397:2017
2371:2021
2343:2018
2317:2024
2289:2021
2244:2021
2212:2021
2186:2009
2139:2021
2102:2021
2062:2021
2036:2021
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