519:
1141:
1165:
1153:
29:
1177:
345:
1208:
172:, specifically in a complicated area geologists call the Cocos-Nazca spreading system. From the rise the plate is pushed eastward and pushed or dragged (perhaps both) under the less dense
1444:
1326:
518:
268:
north of the Cocos Plate is thought to have separated from the Cocos Plate 5–10 million years ago. The boundary between the two plates appears to lack a definite
1193:
1385:
1215:
1331:
1306:
272:, yet they are regarded as distinct. After its separation from the Cocos Plate, the Rivera Plate started acting as an independent microplate.
1511:
316:
441:
408:
1521:
1506:
1223:
292:
1526:
888:
288:
1066:
1480:
1181:
1201:
1086:
180:. The subducted leading edge heats up and adds its water to the mantle above it. In the mantle layer called the
527:
458:
39:
615:
434:
393:
Paul J. Grim, "Connection of the Panama fracture zone with the
Galapagos rift zone, eastern tropical Pacific"
346:"A geodynamical perspective on the subduction of Cocos and Rivera plates beneath Mexico and Central America"
1516:
1475:
1341:
413:
197:
971:
276:
1531:
788:
192:
under great pressure. As a result, to the northeast of the subducting edge lies the continuous arc of
828:
1501:
1169:
427:
1019:
1224:
1157:
1061:
280:
723:
683:
125:. The Cocos Plate is bounded by several different plates. To the northeast it is bounded by the
1470:
1371:
1114:
1076:
1071:
1054:
808:
113:, which rides upon it. The Cocos Plate was created approximately 23 million years ago when the
1268:
1245:
1438:
1376:
481:
320:
216:
16:
Young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the
Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America
1232:
989:
911:
901:
848:
843:
783:
648:
585:
508:
498:
360:
284:
258:
224:
126:
688:
8:
1351:
1104:
873:
638:
161:
414:
Martin
Meschede and Udo Barckhausen, "Plate tectonic evolution of the Cocos-Nazca plate"
364:
1361:
1321:
1119:
1109:
1034:
1029:
926:
773:
718:
575:
152:
and lies approximately 550 km (342 mi; 297 nmi) southwest of the Costa Rican mainland.
1449:
1039:
1004:
838:
778:
768:
728:
663:
254:
247:
243:
236:
228:
189:
165:
392:
1405:
1044:
743:
628:
486:
368:
1366:
1288:
1236:
1049:
984:
868:
703:
698:
653:
643:
633:
550:
471:
450:
296:
269:
220:
173:
130:
106:
372:
1400:
1346:
1311:
1145:
1009:
961:
916:
878:
833:
733:
673:
623:
555:
476:
232:
114:
98:
1495:
1433:
1413:
1380:
1336:
1228:
1124:
956:
946:
941:
931:
921:
906:
823:
793:
763:
748:
738:
713:
708:
605:
580:
540:
535:
503:
466:
181:
134:
102:
85:
77:
1454:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1390:
1356:
1316:
1276:
1014:
896:
818:
813:
798:
678:
668:
595:
590:
565:
491:
265:
145:
122:
110:
73:
1258:
1099:
1094:
1024:
999:
994:
863:
858:
853:
803:
758:
753:
693:
658:
600:
570:
545:
169:
138:
118:
979:
936:
201:
177:
149:
1140:
1301:
1293:
951:
205:
419:
193:
121:. The Cocos Plate also broke into two pieces, creating the small
209:
283:
were results of the subduction of the Cocos Plate beneath the
208:, and a belt of earthquakes that extends farther north, into
185:
28:
295:
were generated by the subduction of this plate beneath the
339:
337:
334:
317:"Here are the Sizes of Tectonic or Lithospheric Plates"
235:. The western boundary is another mid-ocean ridge, the
343:
1493:
215:The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the
144:The only land above water on the Cocos Plate is
117:broke into two pieces, which also created the
1209:
435:
287:. The devastating El Salvador earthquakes in
344:Manea, V.C.; Manea, M.; Ferarri, L. (2013).
1216:
1202:
1152:
442:
428:
27:
416:: reconstructing its geological evolution
1494:
1197:
423:
1176:
449:
133:. To the west it is bounded by the
13:
14:
1543:
402:
1512:Geology of the Galápagos Islands
1481:List of seismic faults in Mexico
1175:
1164:
1163:
1151:
1139:
517:
250:lies along the Galapagos Rise. (
160:The Cocos Plate was created by
1067:South American–Antarctic Ridge
386:
309:
1:
302:
227:. The southern boundary is a
1522:Geology of the Pacific Ocean
1507:Geography of Central America
1476:List of faults in Costa Rica
1342:Gulf of California Rift Zone
219:. The eastern boundary is a
198:Central America Volcanic Arc
184:, mantle rock melts to make
7:
373:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.12.039
277:1985 Mexico City earthquake
148:, which is administered by
10:
1548:
1527:Geology of Central America
1020:Galápagos Spreading Center
155:
1463:
1399:
1287:
1267:
1244:
1133:
1085:
970:
887:
614:
526:
515:
457:
83:
69:
61:
53:
45:
35:
26:
21:
176:, in the process called
137:and to the south by the
1327:Chapala Tula Fault Zone
1062:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
281:2017 Chiapas earthquake
1471:Rivera Triple Junction
1445:San Pedro Mártir Basin
1372:Rivera Transform Fault
1115:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
1087:Ancient oceanic ridges
1077:Southwest Indian Ridge
1072:Southeast Indian Ridge
809:Philippine Mobile Belt
105:off the west coast of
1439:Middle America Trench
217:Middle America Trench
1441:(Acapulco/Guatemala)
1233:North American Plate
1227:of Central America (
990:Central Indian Ridge
285:North American Plate
259:Galapagos Microplate
225:Panama Fracture Zone
127:North American Plate
1517:Geography of Mexico
1352:Imperial Fault Zone
1105:Kula-Farallon Ridge
365:2013Tectp.609...56M
196:—also known as the
162:sea floor spreading
97:is a young oceanic
1362:Pedro Miguel Fault
1322:Cerro Prieto Fault
1146:Geology portal
1120:Pacific-Kula Ridge
1110:Mid-Labrador Ridge
1035:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1030:Juan de Fuca Ridge
200:— stretching from
1532:Geology of Mexico
1489:
1488:
1450:Tehuantepec Ridge
1386:San Lorenzo Fault
1239:Convergence Zone)
1191:
1190:
1005:East Pacific Rise
255:Galapagos hotspot
248:Galapagos Islands
237:East Pacific Rise
229:mid-oceanic ridge
190:superheated water
166:East Pacific Rise
91:
90:
1539:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1045:Kolbeinsey Ridge
521:
444:
437:
430:
421:
420:
409:The volcanic arc
396:
390:
384:
383:
381:
379:
350:
341:
332:
331:
329:
328:
319:. Archived from
313:
275:The devastating
84:Relative to the
46:Approximate area
31:
19:
18:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1502:Tectonic plates
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1459:
1404:
1395:
1367:Pescadero Fault
1292:
1283:
1263:
1240:
1237:Caribbean Plate
1225:Tectonic plates
1222:
1192:
1187:
1138:
1129:
1081:
1055:Reykjanes Ridge
1040:Knipovich Ridge
985:Carlsberg Ridge
966:
883:
789:North Galápagos
610:
522:
513:
482:Indo-Australian
453:
451:Tectonic plates
448:
405:
400:
399:
391:
387:
377:
375:
348:
342:
335:
326:
324:
315:
314:
310:
305:
297:Caribbean Plate
270:transform fault
221:transform fault
174:Caribbean Plate
158:
131:Caribbean Plate
107:Central America
65:67 mm/year
17:
12:
11:
5:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:Polochic Fault
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Farallon Fault
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Ballenas Fault
1309:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1010:Explorer Ridge
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
976:
974:
972:Oceanic ridges
968:
967:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
902:Bellingshausen
899:
893:
891:
889:Ancient plates
885:
884:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
849:South Sandwich
846:
844:South Bismarck
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
784:North Bismarck
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
724:Juan Fernández
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
618:
612:
611:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
532:
530:
524:
523:
516:
514:
512:
511:
509:South American
506:
501:
499:North American
496:
495:
494:
489:
479:
474:
469:
463:
461:
455:
454:
447:
446:
439:
432:
424:
418:
417:
411:
404:
403:External links
401:
398:
397:
385:
353:Tectonophysics
333:
307:
306:
304:
301:
233:Galapagos Rise
157:
154:
115:Farallon Plate
99:tectonic plate
89:
88:
81:
80:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Guaymas Basin
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:Alarcon Basin
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Motagua Fault
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Guaymas Fault
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Pacific Plate
1226:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1125:Phoenix Ridge
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
973:
969:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
890:
886:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:Balmoral Reef
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
619:
617:
613:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
529:
525:
520:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
445:
440:
438:
433:
431:
426:
425:
422:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
394:
389:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
347:
340:
338:
323:on 2007-02-09
322:
318:
312:
308:
300:
298:
294:
293:February 2001
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:asthenosphere
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
135:Pacific Plate
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:Pacific Ocean
100:
96:
87:
86:African Plate
82:
79:
78:Pacific Ocean
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1455:Wagner Basin
1429:Delfin Basin
1424:Consag Basin
1419:Carmen Basin
1391:Tamayo Fault
1357:Oaxaca Fault
1332:Donaji Fault
1317:Carmen Fault
1307:Atoyac Fault
1277:Rivera Plate
1253:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1137:
1015:Gakkel Ridge
927:Intermontane
719:Juan de Fuca
576:New Hebrides
560:
528:Minor plates
459:Major plates
388:
376:. Retrieved
356:
352:
325:. Retrieved
321:the original
311:
289:January 2001
274:
266:Rivera Plate
263:
251:
241:
214:
159:
146:Cocos Island
143:
123:Rivera Plate
111:Cocos Island
109:, named for
101:beneath the
94:
92:
74:Cocos Island
49:2,900,000 km
1259:Nazca Plate
1254:Cocos Plate
1100:Alpha Ridge
1095:Aegir Ridge
1050:Mohns Ridge
1025:Gorda Ridge
1000:Cocos Ridge
995:Chile Ridge
839:Solomon Sea
779:North Andes
769:Molucca Sea
664:Conway Reef
649:Bird's Head
616:Microplates
188:, trapping
170:Cocos Ridge
139:Nazca Plate
119:Nazca Plate
95:Cocos Plate
22:Cocos Plate
1496:Categories
1294:rift zones
980:Aden Ridge
829:Seychelles
744:Madagascar
629:Aegean Sea
586:Philippine
487:Australian
327:2015-05-05
303:References
246:under the
202:Costa Rica
178:subduction
164:along the
150:Costa Rica
57:north-east
1302:Atl Fault
869:Trobriand
774:Niuafo’ou
729:Kerguelen
704:Halmahera
699:Greenland
684:Galápagos
654:Capricorn
644:Banda Sea
634:Anatolian
551:Caribbean
472:Antarctic
359:: 56–81.
206:Guatemala
1401:Trenches
1170:Category
962:Kshiroda
947:Malvinas
917:Farallon
912:Cimmeria
879:Woodlark
874:Victoria
834:Shetland
734:Kermadec
674:Explorer
624:Adriatic
556:Caroline
477:Eurasian
378:24 April
279:and the
194:volcanos
168:and the
129:and the
70:Features
54:Movement
1406:troughs
1182:Commons
957:Phoenix
932:Izanagi
922:Insular
907:Charcot
824:Sangihe
794:Okinawa
764:Mariana
749:Malpelo
739:Lwandle
714:Iranian
709:Iberian
606:Yangtze
581:Okhotsk
541:Arabian
536:Amurian
504:Pacific
467:African
361:Bibcode
244:hotspot
156:Geology
1289:Faults
897:Baltic
819:Rovuma
814:Rivera
799:Panama
689:Gonâve
679:Futuna
669:Easter
596:Somali
591:Scotia
566:Indian
492:Indian
231:, the
223:, the
210:Mexico
1464:Other
1269:Small
1246:Large
942:Lhasa
864:Tonga
859:Tisza
854:Timor
804:Pelso
759:Maoke
754:Manus
694:Gorda
659:Coiba
601:Sunda
571:Nazca
561:Cocos
546:Burma
349:(PDF)
186:magma
62:Speed
40:Minor
1158:List
937:Kula
380:2017
291:and
264:The
257:and
93:The
36:Type
1403:and
1291:and
952:Moa
369:doi
357:609
252:see
204:to
1498::
1379:-
367:.
355:.
351:.
336:^
299:.
261:)
242:A
239:.
212:.
141:.
76:,
1235:–
1231:–
1217:e
1210:t
1203:v
443:e
436:t
429:v
395:.
382:.
371::
363::
330:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
