Cognitive psychology

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findings involved an increased understanding of the mind's ability to both focus on one message, while still being somewhat aware of information being taken in from the ear not being consciously attended to. For example, participants (wearing earphones) may be told that they will be hearing separate messages in each ear and that they are expected to attend only to information related to basketball. When the experiment starts, the message about basketball will be presented to the left ear and non-relevant information will be presented to the right ear. At some point the message related to basketball will switch to the right ear and the non-relevant information to the left ear. When this happens, the listener is usually able to repeat the entire message at the end, having attended to the left or right ear only when it was appropriate. The ability to attend to one conversation in the face of many is known as the

1596:(SIP) models has been influential in studies involving aggressive and anti-social behavior. Kenneth Dodge's SIP model is one of, if not the most, empirically supported models relating to aggression. Among his research, Dodge posits that children who possess a greater ability to process social information more often display higher levels of socially acceptable behavior; that the type of social interaction that children have affects their relationships. His model asserts that there are five steps that an individual proceeds through when evaluating interactions with other individuals and that how the person interprets cues is key to their reactionary process. 1403: 1686:

theories used by cognitive psychologists. Cognitive scientists' research sometimes involves non-human subjects, allowing them to delve into areas which would come under ethical scrutiny if performed on human participants. For instance, they may do research implanting devices in the brains of rats to track the firing of neurons while the rat performs a particular task. Cognitive science is highly involved in the area of artificial intelligence and its application to the understanding of mental processes.

653: 1237: 5767: 7324: 7109: 5731: 7336: 7135: 7122: 57: 5756: 1572:. His theory is that the person essentially becomes reliant on the medication as a means of improving mood and fails to practice those coping techniques typically practiced by healthy individuals to alleviate the effects of depressive symptoms. By failing to do so, once the patient is weaned off of the antidepressants, they often are unable to cope with normal levels of depressed mood and feel driven to reinstate use of the antidepressants. 4322: 1704:, for example, John Malone writes: "Examinations of late twentieth-century textbooks dealing with "cognitive psychology", "human cognition", "cognitive science" and the like quickly reveal that there are many, many varieties of cognitive psychology and very little agreement about exactly what may be its domain." This misfortune produced competing models that questioned information-processing approaches to cognitive functioning such as 4064: 1608:(ToM), deals specifically with the ability of an individual to effectively understand and attribute cognition to those around them. This concept typically becomes fully apparent in children between the ages of 4 and 6. Essentially, before the child develops ToM, they are unable to understand that those around them can have different thoughts, ideas, or feelings than themselves. The development of ToM is a matter of 5743: 4052: 1054:". Inside psychology, in criticism of behaviorism, J. S. Bruner, J. J. Goodnow & G. A. Austin wrote "a study of thinking" in 1956. In 1960, G. A. Miller, E. Galanter and K. Pribram wrote their famous "Plans and the Structure of Behavior". The same year, Bruner and Miller founded the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies, which institutionalized the revolution and launched the field of cognitive science. 1081:. ... Given such a sweeping definition, it is apparent that cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do; that every psychological phenomenon is a cognitive phenomenon. But although cognitive psychology is concerned with all human activity rather than some fraction of it, the concern is from a particular point of view. Other viewpoints are equally legitimate and necessary. 2473: 2459: 598: 1645:: Declarative knowledge is a person's 'encyclopedic' knowledge base, whereas procedural knowledge is specific knowledge relating to performing particular tasks. The application of these cognitive paradigms to education attempts to augment a student's ability to integrate declarative knowledge into newly learned procedures in an effort to facilitate accelerated learning. 1803:. Consensus in neuropsychology however takes the middle position that, while language is a specialized function, it overlaps or interacts with visual processing. Nonetheless, much of the research in language cognition continues to be divided along the lines of generative grammar and Cognitive Linguistics; and this, again, affects adjacent research fields including 1635:: Metacognition is a broad concept encompassing all manners of one's thoughts and knowledge about their own thinking. A key area of educational focus in this realm is related to self-monitoring, which relates highly to how well students are able to evaluate their personal knowledge and apply strategies to improve knowledge in areas in which they are lacking. 1651:: Applications of cognitive psychology's understanding of how knowledge is organized in the brain has been a major focus within the field of education in recent years. The hierarchical method of organizing information and how that maps well onto the brain's memory are concepts that have proven extremely beneficial in classrooms. 1456:

of this concept is the improvement of students' ability to set goals and self-regulate effectively to meet those goals. As a part of this process, it is also important to ensure that students are realistically evaluating their personal degree of knowledge and setting realistic goals (another metacognitive task).

973:'s discovery of an area thought to be mostly responsible for comprehension of language. Both areas were subsequently formally named for their founders, and disruptions of an individual's language production or comprehension due to trauma or malformation in these areas have come to commonly be known as 1455:

Much of the current study regarding metacognition within the field of cognitive psychology deals with its application within the area of education. Being able to increase a student's metacognitive abilities has been shown to have a significant impact on their learning and study habits. One key aspect

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in 2011. Kahneman differentiated the two styles of processing more, calling them intuition and reasoning. Intuition (or system 1), similar to associative reasoning, was determined to be fast and automatic, usually with strong emotional bonds included in the reasoning process. Kahneman said that this

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Other major findings include that participants cannot comprehend both passages when shadowing one passage, they cannot report the content of the unattended message, while they can shadow a message better if the pitches in each ear are different. However, while deep processing does not occur, early

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and the understanding of psychological phenomena. Cognitive psychologists are often heavily involved in running psychological experiments involving human participants, with the goal of gathering information related to how the human mind takes in, processes, and acts upon inputs received from the

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within the field of cognitive psychology is the concept of divided attention. A number of early studies dealt with the ability of a person wearing headphones to discern meaningful conversation when presented with different messages into each ear; this is known as the dichotic listening task. Key

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looks like, or the name of a friend from sixth grade, represent semantic memory. Access of semantic memory ranges from slightly to extremely effortful, depending on a number of variables including but not limited to recency of encoding of the information, number of associations it has to other

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Cognitive science is better understood as predominantly concerned with a much broader scope, with links to philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, neuroscience, and particularly with artificial intelligence. It could be said that cognitive science provides the corpus of information feeding the

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Current perspectives on perception within cognitive psychology tend to focus on particular ways in which the human mind interprets stimuli from the senses and how these interpretations affect behavior. An example of the way in which modern psychologists approach the study of perception is the

1620:, they remain a staple in the realm of education. Piaget's concepts and ideas predated the cognitive revolution but inspired a wealth of research in the field of cognitive psychology and many of his principles have been blended with modern theory to synthesize the predominant views of today. 1228:

where information from the beginning and end of the list of random words were better recalled than those in the center. This primacy and recency effect varies in intensity based on list length. Its typical U-shaped curve can be disrupted by an attention-grabbing word; this is known as the

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is the memory of autobiographical events that can be explicitly stated. It contains all memories that are temporal in nature, such as when one last brushed one's teeth or where one was when one heard about a major news event. Episodic memory typically requires the deepest level of

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research being done at the Center for Ecological Study of Perception and Action at the University of Connecticut (CESPA). One study at CESPA concerns ways in which individuals perceive their physical environment and how that influences their navigation through that environment.

1085:, which begins with motives rather than with sensory input, is a case in point. Instead of asking how a man's actions and experiences result from what he saw, remembered, or believed, the dynamic psychologist asks how they follow from the subject's goals, needs, or instincts. 1660:

Cognitive therapeutic approaches have received considerable attention in the treatment of personality disorders in recent years. The approach focuses on the formation of what it believes to be faulty schemata, centralized on judgmental biases and general cognitive errors.

988:. Initially, its adherents viewed mental events such as thoughts, ideas, attention, and consciousness as unobservable, hence outside the realm of a science of psychology. One early pioneer of cognitive psychology, whose work predated much of behaviorist literature, was 1040:(AI) and later worked with cognitive psychologists regarding the implications of AI. This encouraged a conceptualization of mental functions patterned on the way that computers handled such things as memory storage and retrieval, and it opened an important doorway for 1212:

Though working memory is often thought of as just short-term memory, it is more clearly defined as the ability to process and maintain temporary information in a wide range of everyday activities in the face of distraction. The famously known capacity of memory of

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studies. When theoretical claims are put aside, the evidence shows that interaction depends on the type of task tested, whether of visuospatial or linguistical orientation; but that there is also an aspect of reasoning which is not covered by either theory.

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The term "cognition" refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and

1017:, the need for a greater understanding of human performance came to prominence. Problems such as how to best train soldiers to use new technology and how to deal with matters of attention while under duress became areas of need for military personnel. 941:, which would come to be known as substance dualism (essentially the idea that the mind and the body are two separate substances). From that time, major debates ensued through the 19th century regarding whether human thought was solely experiential ( 964:

With the philosophical debate continuing, the mid to late 19th century was a critical time in the development of psychology as a scientific discipline. Two discoveries that would later play substantial roles in cognitive psychology were

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is "a state of focused awareness on a subset of the available sensation perception information". A key function of attention is to identify irrelevant data and filter it out, enabling significant data to be distributed to the other

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One of the foremost minds with regard to developmental psychology, Jean Piaget, focused much of his attention on cognitive development from birth through adulthood. Though there have been considerable challenges to parts of his

1414:. A study from 2012 showed that, while this can be an effective strategy, it is important that those making evaluations include all relevant information when making their assessments. Factors such as individual variability, 1699:

Some observers have suggested that as cognitive psychology became a movement during the 1970s, the intricacies of the phenomena and processes it examined meant it also began to lose cohesion as a field of study. In

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dealt heavily with trying to reduce human thought (or "consciousness", as Titchener would have called it) into its most basic elements by gaining an understanding of how an individual perceives particular stimuli.

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The two main types of memory are short-term memory and long-term memory; however, short-term memory has become better understood to be working memory. Cognitive psychologists often study memory in terms of

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kind of reasoning was based on formed habits and very difficult to change or manipulate. Reasoning (or system 2) was slower and much more volatile, being subject to conscious judgments and attitudes.

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2. Many of those who do respond to antidepressants end up not taking their medications, for various reasons. They may develop side-effects or have some form of personal objection to taking the drugs.

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sensory processing does. Subjects did notice if the pitch of the unattended message changed or if it ceased altogether, and some even oriented to the unattended message if their name was mentioned.

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1. Despite the prevalent use of antidepressants, the fact remains that not all patients respond to them. Beck cites (in 1987) that only 60 to 65% of patients respond to antidepressants, and recent

1552:, Beck puts forth three salient points with regard to his reasoning for the treatment of depression by means of therapy or therapy and antidepressants versus using a pharmacological-only approach: 897:, used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like 1604:

Many of the prominent names in the field of developmental psychology base their understanding of development on cognitive models. One of the major paradigms of developmental psychology, the

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defines social cognition as "... the study of the mental processes involved in perceiving, attending to, remembering, thinking about, and making sense of the people in our social world".

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is a specific sub-set of social psychology that concentrates on processes that have been of particular focus within cognitive psychology, specifically applied to human interactions.

1061:'s Center for Human Information Processing in 1964. Mandler described the origins of cognitive psychology in a 2002 article in the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 1358:

involved in interpreting those senses. Essentially, it is how people come to understand the world around them through the interpretation of stimuli. Early psychologists like

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Attention can be divided into two major attentional systems: exogenous control and endogenous control. Exogenous control works in a bottom-up manner and is responsible for

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proposed a model for the mental processing of language. Current work on language within the field of cognitive psychology varies widely. Cognitive psychologists may study

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Developments in computer science would lead to parallels being drawn between human thought and the computational functionality of computers, opening entirely new areas of

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Significant work has focused on understanding the timing of language acquisition and how it can be used to determine if a child has, or is at risk of, developing a

1612:, or thinking about one's thoughts. The child must be able to recognize that they have their own thoughts and in turn, that others possess thoughts of their own. 1548:, a particular type of CBT treatment. His work in the areas of recognition and treatment of depression has gained worldwide recognition. In his 1987 book titled 1536:

Following the cognitive revolution, and as a result of many of the principal discoveries to come out of the field of cognitive psychology, the discipline of

1248:. It takes into account both visual and auditory stimuli, long-term memory to use as a reference, and a central processor to combine and understand it all. 1728:

continues to gather evidence of direct correlations between physiological brain activity and mental states, endorsing the basis for cognitive psychology.

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information. The brain is able to consciously handle only a small subset of this information, and this is accomplished through the attentional processes.

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Modern theories of education have applied many concepts that are focal points of cognitive psychology. Some of the most prominent concepts include:

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has found that it is easier to make sense of brain imaging studies when the theories are left aside. In the field of language cognition research,

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relationship with one another thus affecting empirical research, with researchers siding with their favorite theory. For example, advocates of

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Chica, Ana B.; Bartolomeo, Paolo; Lupiáñez, Juan (2013). "Two cognitive and neural systems for endogenous and exogenous spatial attention".

7360: 1788: 628: 8306: 3749: 1617: 1214: 3813: 1437:, in a broad sense, is the thoughts that a person has about their own thoughts. More specifically, metacognition includes things like: 4068: 1002:. Another pioneer of cognitive psychology, who worked outside the boundaries (both intellectual and geographical) of behaviorism, was 6681: 5110: 1308:

when they seemingly "automatically" respond in a particular manner to a particular situation or process. An example is driving a car.

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In the mid-20th century, four main influences arose that would inspire and shape cognitive psychology as a formal school of thought:

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generating thought believing it is unique but it is actually a memory of a past experience; also known as unconscious plagiarism.

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Mandler, G. (2002). Origins of the cognitive (r)evolution. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 38, 339–353.

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Long-term memory: holds information over an extended period of time which receives information from the short-term memory.

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Short-term memory storage: holds information temporarily for analysis and retrieves information from the Long-term memory.

1072:, published in 1967. Neisser's definition of "cognition" illustrates the then-progressive concept of cognitive processes: 8376: 7383: 6441: 6366: 6293: 6269: 6217: 4947: 4578: 2576: 2123: 1006:. From 1926 to the 1950s and into the 1980s, he studied the thoughts, language, and intelligence of children and adults. 837: 2680: 1165:, and pop-out effects. Endogenous control works top-down and is the more deliberate attentional system, responsible for 7167: 7101: 7053: 6686: 6072: 5825: 4573: 2762:. Collected Works of C. G. Jung. Vol. 6. Translated by Adler, Gerhard; Hull, R. F. C. Princeton University Press. 8381: 8085: 7745: 7630: 7576: 6481: 3931: 3873: 1735:

and cognitive psychologists. Cognitive psychology has produced models of cognition which are not supported by modern

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are usually about long-term memory and break it down into three main sub-classes. These three classes are somewhat

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critics held that the empiricism it pursued was incompatible with the concept of internal mental states. However,

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Temple, Christine M. (1990). "Developments and applications of cognitive neuropsychology." In M. W. Eysenck (Ed.)

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Schwarz-Friesel, Monika (2012). "On the status of external evidence in the theories of cognitive linguistics".

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goes to the opposite extreme by claiming that language is not an independent function, but operates on general

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Many facets of modern social psychology have roots in research done within the field of cognitive psychology.

1457: 1050:'s 1959 critique of behaviorism, and empiricism more generally, initiated what would come to be known as the " 8474: 8464: 7328: 7160: 7046: 6731: 6711: 6648: 6099: 5968: 5909: 5247: 5103: 5024: 4907: 4209: 2988:

Ebbinghaus, Hermann (1913). On memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. New York: Teachers College.

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that affect behavior. Those processes include, but are not limited to, the following three stages of memory:

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Shatz, Marilyn (2007). "On the development of the field of language development". In Hoff and Schatz (ed.).

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Conti-Ramsden, Gina; Durkin, Kevin (2012). "Language Development and Assessment in the Preschool Period".

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information, frequency of access, and levels of meaning (how deeply it was processed when it was encoded).

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Philosophically, ruminations on the human mind and its processes have been around since the times of the

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Applying Cognitive Science to Education: Thinking and Learning in Scientific and Other Complex Domains

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Cherry, E. Colin (1953). "Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears".

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How effective a person is at monitoring their own performance on a given task (self-regulation).

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Groeger, John A. (2002). "Trafficking in cognition: Applying cognitive psychology to driving".

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outside world. The information gained in this area is then often used in the applied field of

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Cartwright, Dorwin (March 1979). "Contemporary Social Psychology in Historical Perspective".

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The Mind of the Criminal: The Role of Developmental Social Cognition in Criminal Defense Law

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Formal recognition of the field involved the establishment of research institutions such as

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can be blurry. Cognitive psychology is better understood as predominantly concerned with

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A large part of memory is forgetting, and there is a large debate among psychologists of

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imagining an event that did not occur and having increased confidence that it did occur.

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is memory for the performance of particular types of action. It is often activated on a

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Cognitive Psychology: Research Directions In Cognitive Science: European Perspectives

3514: 3498: 3438: 3407: 3395: 3238: 3150: 2912: 2763: 2533: 2503: 2478: 2464: 2233: 2143: 2088: 2011: 2001: 1971: 1796: 1670: 1545: 1419: 1396: 1289: 1095: 978: 898: 669: 602: 403: 328: 234: 219: 106: 5077: 5067: 3962: 3809: 3162: 2924: 930: 8296: 8192: 8182: 7954: 7871: 7613: 7598: 7566: 7263: 7202: 6333: 6274: 6063: 6006: 5635: 5480: 5455: 5262: 5252: 5242: 4962: 4957: 4822: 4817: 4717: 4538: 4485: 4440: 4425: 4420: 4296: 4271: 3950: 3919: 3902: 3846: 3793: 3789: 3775:"Referential processing in the human brain: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) study" 3741: 3711: 3691: 3490: 3430: 3387: 3318: 3218: 3189: 3142: 2966: 2958: 2904: 2659: 2635: 2630: 2523: 2413: 2403: 2398: 2288: 2278: 2243: 2228: 2173: 1991: 1981: 1951: 1941: 1859: 1829: 1784: 1776: 1760: 1586: 1582: 1423: 1359: 1268: 1162: 1135: 1101: 1033: 1022: 724: 709: 408: 363: 348: 343: 224: 199: 6205: 3850: 1025:, integrating concepts from human performance research and the recently developed 8214: 8041: 7608: 7502: 7482: 7414: 7073: 6964: 6929: 6838: 6726: 6620: 6576: 6556: 6429: 6145: 6124: 5879: 5645: 5412: 5407: 5220: 4932: 4897: 4837: 4787: 4276: 3093:"University of Connecticut (N.D.). Center for the ecological study of perception" 3071: 2798: 2408: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2353: 2283: 2258: 2253: 2223: 2198: 2168: 2148: 2108: 2093: 2052: 1996: 1966: 1752: 1732: 1519: 1448: 1331: 1322: 1311: 1139: 950: 913:

approach and includes studies of non-human subjects and artificial intelligence.

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is the encyclopedic knowledge that a person possesses. Knowledge like what the

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Many models of working memory have been made. One of the most regarded is the

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Modern perspectives on cognitive psychology generally address cognition as a

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began to work with perception in their structuralist approach to psychology.

1327: 1065: 970: 958: 733: 513: 473: 393: 388: 3194: 3177: 2709:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. (a pp. 143, b pp. 293, c pp. 491) 2660:"American Psychological Association (2013). Glossary of psychological terms" 1379:

Psychologists have had an interest in the cognitive processes involved with

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involves both the physical senses (sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch, and

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had suggested that the brain was the seat of the mental processes. In 1637,

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A person's understanding of their capabilities on particular mental tasks.

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capacity, and others must be included in order to make valid assessments.

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is a combination of both memories in working memory and long-term memory.

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Broca's and Wernicke's areas of the brain, which are critical in language

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provided little if any insight into these matters and it was the work of

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put the term "cognitive psychology" into common use through his book

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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences

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The Working Memory Model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974, updated-2000)

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From the 1920s to the 1950s, the main approach to psychology was

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Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

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has taken the position that language resides within its private

7593: 4321: 4051: 2078: 1934: 1335: 1274: 1143: 934: 877:. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from 874: 862: 773: 700: 3253:"Cohen, A. (2010). The secret to learning more while studying" 4088: 3658:. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Publishing. 3096: 2748:. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (pp. 111) 2098: 1664: 1155: 1151: 926: 882: 3941:

Mansell, Warren (2004). "Cognitive psychology and anxiety".

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Kahneman D. (2003) "A perspective on judgement and choice."

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Brainerd, C.J. (1996). "Piaget: A centennial celebration."

503: 3914:

Jacobs, A.M. (2001). "Literacy, Cognitive Psychology of".

3043:"Cherry, K. (2013). Perception and the perceptual process" 1138:. For example, the human brain may simultaneously receive 5279: 3634:"Thagard, P. (2010). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" 3120:. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p. 110 885:

of empirical science. This break came as researchers in

7382: 2894: 1763:, leading to a disorderly picture of the findings from 3682:

Goel, Vinod (2007). "Anatomy of deductive reasoning".

3315:"University of Pennsylvania (N.D). Aaron T. Beck, M.D" 2116: 1568:

may lead to an eventual breakdown in the individual's

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With the development of new warfare technology during

3479:"Social Cognition and Children's Aggressive Behavior" 3376:"Perspectives on the Social Psychology of Creativity" 3830: 3772: 2454: 1391:, individual components of language formation (like 1100:

The main focus of cognitive psychologists is on the

3606:Beck, A.T., Freeman, A., & Davis, D.D. (2004). 3535:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (p. 41) 3132: 1462:Common phenomena related to metacognition include: 1496:statements seem more valid upon repeated exposure. 949:). Some of those involved in this debate included 3209:Martinez, M. E. (2006). "What is metacognition". 1334:and temporal information to formulate the entire 1108:Sensory memory storage: holds sensory information 8456: 3341:"Grohol, J. (2009). Efficacy of Antidepressants" 3095:. Ione.psy.uconn.edu. 2012-11-30. Archived from 2943:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2890: 2888: 2886: 2848:"Remembering the Father of Cognitive Psychology" 3836: 3610:(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. (pp. 300). 3465:Social Cognition: Understanding Self and Others 3374:Amabile, Teresa M.; Pillemer, Julianna (2012). 3373: 3068:"Plucker, J. (2012). Edward Bradford Titchener" 3008:. New York, NY: Psychology Press. (pp. 364–365) 2790:Smith, L. (2000). About Piaget. Retrieved from 1296:level, or at most requires a minimal amount of 3984:Robert J. Sternberg, Jeffery Scott Mio. 2009. 7809: 7368: 7168: 5799: 5104: 4104: 3773:Barkley, C.; Kluender, R.; Kutas, M. (2015). 3724: 3718: 3118:Cognitive Psychology: An International Review 2883: 2746:Cognitive Psychology: An International Review 831: 622: 3766: 3677: 3675: 3175: 3019:"Procedural Memory: Definition and Examples" 1720:In the early years of cognitive psychology, 8307:Political polarization in the United States 7823: 5813: 3467:. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. (pp. 3) 3317:. Med.upenn.edu. 2013-10-23. Archived from 3292: 3290: 3274:"Lovett, M. (2008). Teaching metacognition" 2803: 1599: 7816: 7802: 7375: 7361: 7175: 7161: 5806: 5792: 5111: 5097: 4111: 4097: 3866:Blackwell Handbook of Language Development 3857: 3608:Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders 3420: 3128: 3126: 2829: 2827: 2784: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 1669:The line between cognitive psychology and 1665:Cognitive psychology vs. cognitive science 1487:non-famous names can be made to be famous. 1246:Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory 838: 824: 629: 615: 8360:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal 3672: 3619:Baddeley, A. & Bernses, O.A. (1989). 3193: 3070:. Indiana.edu. 2013-11-14. Archived from 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2970: 2936: 2934: 2751: 2733:Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications 1655: 1623: 7589:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 7182: 6970:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 3287: 3208: 2701: 2699: 2697: 1759:have tried to prove that it is based on 1401: 1235: 4084:Laboratory for Rational Decision Making 3940: 3892: 3727:"Subjacency as a processing phenomenon" 3653: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3123: 3004:Balota, D.A. & Marsh, E.J. (2004). 2870:"How does the APA define "psychology"?" 2824: 2712: 1814: 1544:is generally regarded as the father of 14: 8457: 3913: 3338: 2991: 2940: 2931: 2815: 1731:There is however disagreement between 1531: 1509: 1089: 8402:Psychological effects of Internet use 7797: 7719:Psychological effects of Internet use 7356: 7156: 6462:Psychological effects of Internet use 5787: 5092: 4092: 4003:. Publisher-Oxford University Press. 3863: 3476: 2984: 2982: 2811:A Review of Skinner's Verbal Behavior 2694: 2681:"Mangels, J. History of neuroscience" 1747:have attempted to find evidence that 1220:One of the classic experiments is by 7294:Serious Games Showcase and Challenge 5742: 3999:Nick Braisby, Angus Gellatly. 2012. 3969:Philip T. Quinlan, Ben Dyson. 2008. 3681: 3582: 2757: 1576: 1330:thought, as it often pulls together 1281:in nature, in terms of the level of 992:. Jung introduced the hypothesis of 8377:Digital media use and mental health 7384:Digital media use and mental health 6442:Digital media use and mental health 5118: 3973:. Publisher-Pearson/Prentice Hall. 2862: 2577:Information processing (psychology) 2117:Influential cognitive psychologists 1694: 1399:, or numerous other related areas. 1395:), how language use is involved in 1383:that dates back to the 1870s, when 1300:effort. Procedural memory includes 1262: 1029:, that forged the way in this area. 30:For the peer-reviewed journal, see 24: 6073:Automatic and controlled processes 3886: 3006:Cognitive Psychology: Key Readings 2979: 2792:http://piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html 1172:One major focal point relating to 933:posited that humans are born with 25: 8491: 8382:Effects of violence in mass media 8086:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 7746:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 7631:Narcissistic personality disorder 6482:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 4015: 2735:. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. 2707:Psychology: Pythagoras to Present 1702:Psychology: Pythagoras to Present 1472:feeling of a repeated experience. 1201: 945:), or included innate knowledge ( 8355:2021 Facebook company files leak 8081:Mobile phones and driving safety 7709:Mobile phones and driving safety 7667:2021 Facebook company files leak 7334: 7323: 7322: 7133: 7120: 7108: 7107: 6507:Mobile phones and driving safety 5765: 5754: 5741: 5730: 5729: 4320: 4062: 4050: 3734:Language and Cognitive Processes 3725:Kluender, R.; Kutas, M. (1993). 3380:The Journal of Creative Behavior 2471: 2457: 1715: 1429: 1129:The psychological definition of 937:ideas and forwarded the idea of 651: 596: 55: 8327:2020 U.S. presidential election 8322:2016 U.S. presidential election 7478:Computer-mediated communication 6410:Computer-mediated communication 5684:List of social science journals 3819:from the original on 2016-03-07 3755:from the original on 2012-04-01 3647: 3626: 3613: 3600: 3569: 3558:from the original on 2012-11-19 3538: 3525: 3470: 3457: 3414: 3367: 3362:Cognitive Therapy of Depression 3354: 3332: 3307: 3266: 3245: 3202: 3169: 3110: 3085: 3060: 3035: 3011: 2840: 2611:Personal information management 1618:stages of cognitive development 1564:3. Beck posits that the use of 1550:Cognitive Therapy of Depression 1526: 957:on the side of empiricism, and 6687:Empathising–systemising theory 5990:female intrasexual competition 5927:Evolutionarily stable strategy 5641:Science and technology studies 4118: 3988:. Publisher-Cengage Learning. 3924:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01556-4 3794:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.017 3364:. New York, NY: Guilford Press 3339:Grohol, John M. (2009-02-03). 2972:11858/00-001M-0000-002A-F750-3 2738: 2673: 2652: 1285:thought related to their use. 13: 1: 7898:Betteridge's law of headlines 7577:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 7047:Standard social science model 6100:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis 4416:Industrial and organizational 3907:10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00006-8 3851:10.1016/j.langsci.2012.04.007 3176:Välimaa-Blum, Riitta (2009). 2645: 1689: 1594:social information processing 1342: 812:Parallel individuation system 339:Industrial and organizational 8412:Social aspects of television 8312:Social media use in politics 7962:Missing white woman syndrome 7734:Social aspects of television 7572:Generalized anxiety disorder 7432:Problematic social media use 6895:Missing heritability problem 6487:Social aspects of television 6110:Evolution of nervous systems 6078:Computational theory of mind 4657:Human factors and ergonomics 4041:Resources in other libraries 3684:Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1837:Representation and structure 1834:Judgement and classification 1592:The development of multiple 1118: 802:Numerosity adaptation effect 494:Human factors and ergonomics 7: 7923:Least objectionable program 7405:Internet addiction disorder 7289:Intelligent tutoring system 7141:Evolutionary biology portal 3423:Social Psychology Quarterly 2450: 1374: 853:is the scientific study of 27:Subdiscipline of psychology 10: 8496: 8258:Algorithmic radicalization 7493:Human–computer interaction 7420:Problematic smartphone use 7102:Evolutionary psychologists 6975:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 6890:Human–animal communication 6602:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 6452:Imprinted brain hypothesis 6420:Human–computer interaction 3696:10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.003 3477:Dodge, Kenneth A. (1980). 3223:10.1177/003172170608700916 2897:Behavioural Brain Research 2621:Rubicon model (psychology) 1538:cognitive behavior therapy 1266: 1205: 1169:and conscious processing. 1122: 1093: 916: 29: 8372:Cultural impact of TikTok 8337: 8243: 8158: 8002: 7890: 7835: 7639: 7557: 7450: 7390: 7318: 7302: 7226: 7190: 7096: 7022:Environmental determinism 6993:Cultural selection theory 6985: 6880:Evolutionary epistemology 6867: 6794:evolutionary neuroscience 6756: 6749: 6647: 6522: 6467:Rank theory of depression 6390: 6314: 6216: 6022: 6015: 5969:Parent–offspring conflict 5878: 5821: 5725: 5692: 5676: 5423: 5149: 5126: 5043: 4980: 4687: 4597: 4509: 4346:Applied behavior analysis 4329: 4318: 4154: 4126: 4036:Resources in your library 3746:10.1080/01690969308407588 3147:10.1007/s11065-012-9208-z 2909:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.027 2606:Perceptual control theory 1830:Induction and acquisition 1755:, while the advocates of 1188: 961:on the side of nativism. 807:Approximate number system 269:Applied behavior analysis 8444:Violence and video games 8422:Social impact of YouTube 8302:Knowledge gap hypothesis 8225:Social-desirability bias 8123:Information–action ratio 7761:Suicide and the Internet 7751:Social media and suicide 7498:Media naturalness theory 7279:Gamification of learning 7254:Business simulation game 7191:Knowledge representation 6915:Cultural group selection 6799:Biocultural anthropology 6492:Societal impacts of cars 6425:Media naturalness theory 6115:Fight-or-flight response 3955:10.1383/psyt.3.4.6.32905 3868:. Wiley. pp. 1–15. 3654:Gardner, Howard (2006). 3463:Moskowitz, G.B. (2004). 2616:Psychological adaptation 1848:Knowledge representation 1600:Developmental psychology 8397:Mass shooting contagion 7850:Evolutionary psychology 7582:Social anxiety disorder 7415:Online problem gambling 7310:Cognitive psychologists 7115:Evolutionary psychology 7079:Sociocultural evolution 6920:Dual inheritance theory 6377:Personality development 5838:Theoretical foundations 5815:Evolutionary psychology 5329:international relations 4622:Behavioral neuroscience 4186:Behavioral neuroscience 3531:Fontaine, R.G. (2012). 3195:10.4000/cognitextes.211 2809:Chomsky, N. A. (1959), 2731:Anderson, J.R. (2010). 2562:Evolutionary psychology 2104:Psychology of reasoning 2007:Source-monitoring error 1947:Autobiographical memory 1789:'Cognitive Linguistics' 1038:artificial intelligence 459:Behavioral neuroscience 117:Behavioral neuroscience 8387:Fascination with death 8250:Political polarization 8178:Availability heuristic 8143:Television consumption 7739:Television consumption 7694:Evolution of cognition 7619:Body image disturbance 7560:psychiatric conditions 7488:Engineering psychology 7410:Internet sex addiction 7391:Proposed or recognised 7239:Educational video game 7218:Propositional encoding 7037:Social constructionism 7032:Psychological nativism 7007:Biological determinism 6955:Recent human evolution 6950:Punctuated equilibrium 6773:Behavioral epigenetics 6768:evolutionary economics 6737:Variability hypothesis 6682:Emotional intelligence 6415:Engineering psychology 6105:Evolution of the brain 5656:Quantum social science 4672:Psychology of religion 4612:Behavioral engineering 4549:Human subject research 4205:Cognitive neuroscience 4171:Affective neuroscience 4067:Quotations related to 3918:. pp. 8971–8975. 3135:Neuropsychology Review 2744:Eysenck, M.W. (1990). 2314:George Armitage Miller 1875:Propositional encoding 1726:cognitive neuroscience 1656:Personality psychology 1649:Knowledge organization 1624:Educational psychology 1574: 1407: 1273:Modern conceptions of 1241: 1226:serial position effect 1087: 509:Psychology of religion 449:Behavioral engineering 133:Cognitive neuroscience 102:Affective neuroscience 18:Cognitive psychologist 8350:Criticism of Facebook 8230:Social influence bias 8118:Information pollution 8108:Information explosion 8091:Texting while driving 8047:Low information voter 7945:Pink-slime journalism 7783:Texting while driving 7714:Promotion of anorexia 7699:Evolutionary mismatch 7662:Criticism of Facebook 7393:diagnostic categories 7064:Multilineal evolution 7027:Nature versus nurture 6986:Theoretical positions 6834:Functional psychology 6829:Evolutionary medicine 6804:Biological psychiatry 6512:Texting while driving 6502:Lead–crime hypothesis 6362:Cognitive development 6347:Caregiver deprivation 5858:Gene selection theory 5693:Other categorizations 5546:International studies 5531:History of technology 5466:Communication studies 5349:public administration 5048:Wiktionary definition 4584:Self-report inventory 4579:Quantitative research 3577:Psychological Science 3298:American Psychologist 3255:. Blog.brainscape.com 2758:Jung, C. G. (1971) . 2705:Malone, J.C. (2009). 2596:Models of abnormality 2557:Ecological psychology 2552:Discursive psychology 2364:Henry L. Roediger III 1987:List of memory biases 1639:Declarative knowledge 1554: 1501:Imagination inflation 1447:The ability to apply 1405: 1239: 1179:cocktail party effect 1074: 1034:psychological thought 603:Psychology portal 8475:Behavioural sciences 8465:Cognitive psychology 8367:Criticism of Netflix 8173:Availability cascade 8113:Information overload 8022:Attention management 8017:Attention inequality 7913:Human-interest story 7855:Behavioral modernity 7840:Cognitive psychology 7652:Behavioral modernity 7647:Behavioral addiction 7473:Cognitive ergonomics 7458:Digital anthropology 7451:Disciplines involved 7442:Video game addiction 7437:Television addiction 7329:Cognitive psychology 7198:Dual-coding theories 7184:Cognitive psychology 7017:Cultural determinism 6824:Evolutionary biology 6809:Cognitive psychology 6757:Academic disciplines 6405:Cognitive ergonomics 6372:Language acquisition 6352:Childhood attachment 6165:Wason selection task 6059:Behavioral modernity 5848:Cognitive revolution 5831:Evolutionary thought 5526:Historical sociology 4574:Qualitative research 4529:Behavior epigenetics 4075:Cognitive psychology 4069:Cognitive psychology 4059:at Wikimedia Commons 4057:Cognitive psychology 4027:Cognitive psychology 4001:Cognitive Psychology 3986:Cognitive Psychology 3971:Cognitive Psychology 3636:. Plato.stanford.edu 3211:The Phi Delta Kappan 2835:Cognitive Psychology 2833:Neisser, U. (1967). 2572:Genetic epistemology 2249:Philip Johnson-Laird 1889:Language acquisition 1855:Dual-coding theories 1815:Major research areas 1809:language acquisition 1805:language development 1793:cognitive capacities 1643:procedural knowledge 1518:, expounded upon by 1449:cognitive strategies 1416:socioeconomic status 1389:language acquisition 1306:procedural knowledge 1070:Cognitive Psychology 1052:cognitive revolution 851:Cognitive psychology 645:Cognitive psychology 33:Cognitive Psychology 8280:Post-truth politics 8210:Mean world syndrome 7704:Fear of missing out 7284:Global warming game 7269:Game with a purpose 7213:Numerical cognition 7084:Unilineal evolution 6849:Population genetics 6634:Sexy son hypothesis 6572:Hormonal motivation 6552:Concealed ovulation 6093:Dual process theory 5964:Parental investment 5706:Geisteswissenschaft 5700:Behavioral sciences 5626:Political sociology 5541:Information science 5486:Development studies 5053:Wiktionary category 4617:Behavioral genetics 4589:Statistical surveys 4446:Occupational health 4181:Behavioral genetics 3360:Beck, A.T. (1987). 3276:. Serc.carleton.edu 2955:1953ASAJ...25..975C 2760:Psychological Types 2299:Jean Matter Mandler 2043:Pattern recognition 1957:Constructive memory 1894:Language processing 1870:Numerical cognition 1757:mental logic theory 1749:deductive reasoning 1745:mental model theory 1710:Behavioral Sciences 1680:clinical psychology 1587:Gordon B. Moskowitz 1532:Abnormal psychology 1516:dual process theory 1510:Modern perspectives 1412:learning disability 1360:Edward B. 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Kessler 4943:Shelley E. Taylor 4868:Lawrence Kohlberg 4843:Stanley Schachter 4642:Consumer behavior 4524:Archival research 4292:Psycholinguistics 4176:Affective science 4055:Media related to 4022:Library resources 3839:Language Sciences 3665:978-1-4221-0329-6 3593:Reif, F. (2008). 3483:Child Development 2963:10.1121/1.1907229 2769:978-1-4008-5086-0 2643: 2642: 2479:Philosophy portal 2465:Psychology portal 2234:Michael Gazzaniga 2144:Frederic Bartlett 2089:Concept formation 2012:Spaced repetition 2002:Short-term memory 1972:Eyewitness memory 1797:visual processing 1671:cognitive science 1577:Social psychology 1570:coping mechanisms 1546:cognitive therapy 1354:) as well as the 1302:stimulus-response 1290:Procedural memory 1215:7 plus or minus 2 1167:divided attention 1096:Cognitive control 996:in his 1921 book 939:mind-body dualism 911:interdisciplinary 899:cognitive science 848: 847: 639: 638: 536:Counseling topics 479:Consumer behavior 220:Psycholinguistics 107:Affective science 16:(Redirected from 8487: 8297:Knowledge divide 8193:Crowd psychology 8183:Bandwagon effect 7955:Public relations 7872:Media psychology 7818: 7811: 7804: 7795: 7794: 7614:Anorexia nervosa 7599:Bipolar disorder 7567:Anxiety disorder 7377: 7370: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7338: 7326: 7325: 7264:Games for Change 7203:Media psychology 7177: 7170: 7163: 7154: 7153: 7137: 7124: 7111: 7110: 6754: 6753: 6750:Related subjects 6537:Adult attachment 6064:Cognitive module 6020: 6019: 6007:Social selection 5981:Costly signaling 5976:Sexual selection 5863:Modern synthesis 5808: 5801: 5794: 5785: 5784: 5769: 5759: 5758: 5745: 5744: 5733: 5732: 5636:Regional science 5481:Cultural studies 5456:Business studies 5113: 5106: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5020:Research methods 4963:Richard Davidson 4958:Joseph E. LeDoux 4833:George A. Miller 4823:David McClelland 4818:Herbert A. Simon 4718:Edward Thorndike 4539:Content analysis 4324: 4297:Psychophysiology 4113: 4106: 4099: 4090: 4089: 4066: 4054: 3966: 3937: 3910: 3880: 3879: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3818: 3779: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3754: 3731: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3679: 3670: 3669: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3630: 3624: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3580: 3579:, 7(4), 191–194. 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3542: 3536: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3474: 3468: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3392:10.1002/jocb.001 3371: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3326: 3311: 3305: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3130: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3045:. 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Anderson 2083:Glasser's theory 1992:Long-term memory 1982:Flashbulb memory 1952:Childhood memory 1942:Aging and memory 1860:Media psychology 1785:cognitive module 1777:neurolinguistics 1695:Lack of cohesion 1583:Social cognition 1424:long-term memory 1269:Long-term memory 1263:Long-term memory 1224:, who found the 1163:orienting reflex 1136:mental processes 1102:mental processes 1023:Donald Broadbent 861:, language use, 855:mental processes 840: 833: 826: 680:Face recognition 655: 641: 640: 631: 624: 617: 601: 600: 599: 566:Research methods 225:Psychophysiology 88:Basic psychology 59: 40: 39: 21: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8448: 8333: 8248: 8239: 8215:Negativity bias 8163: 8154: 8042:Cognitive miser 7998: 7891:Media practices 7886: 7831: 7822: 7792: 7787: 7635: 7609:Eating disorder 7559: 7553: 7503:Neuroergonomics 7483:Cyberpsychology 7446: 7392: 7386: 7381: 7351: 7346: 7314: 7298: 7222: 7186: 7181: 7151: 7146: 7088: 7074:Neoevolutionism 6981: 6965:Species complex 6930:Group selection 6868:Research topics 6863: 6839:Neuropsychology 6741: 6727:Substance abuse 6649:Sex differences 6643: 6557:Coolidge effect 6518: 6430:Neuroergonomics 6395: 6386: 6310: 6212: 6146:Folk psychology 6027: 6011: 5881: 5874: 5817: 5812: 5782: 5777: 5753: 5721: 5688: 5672: 5646:Science studies 5430:Administration 5419: 5145: 5122: 5120:Social sciences 5117: 5087: 5082: 5039: 5015:Psychotherapies 4976: 4933:Martin Seligman 4898:Daniel Kahneman 4838:Richard Lazarus 4788:Raymond Cattell 4692: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4593: 4505: 4332: 4325: 4316: 4277:Neuropsychology 4157: 4150: 4122: 4117: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4011:, 9780199236992 3996:, 9780495506294 3981:, 9780131298101 3934: 3889: 3887:Further reading 3884: 3883: 3876: 3862: 3858: 3835: 3831: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3777: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3690:(10): 435–441. 3680: 3673: 3666: 3652: 3648: 3639: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3614: 3605: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551:. August 2010. 3548: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3530: 3526: 3495:10.2307/1129603 3475: 3471: 3462: 3458: 3435:10.2307/3033880 3419: 3415: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3355: 3346: 3344: 3337: 3333: 3324: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3295: 3288: 3279: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3258: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3207: 3203: 3174: 3170: 3131: 3124: 3115: 3111: 3102: 3100: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3077: 3075: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3052: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3027: 3025: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3003: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2939: 2932: 2893: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2799:Wayback Machine 2789: 2785: 2770: 2756: 2752: 2743: 2739: 2730: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2665: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2543: 2529:neuropsychology 2477: 2472: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2409:George Sperling 2384:Daniel Schacter 2379:Eleanor Saffran 2374:David Rumelhart 2354:Karl H. Pribram 2284:Alexander Luria 2259:Nancy Kanwisher 2254:Daniel Kahneman 2224:Eugene Galanter 2199:Antonio Damasio 2169:Gordon H. Bower 2149:Elizabeth Bates 2119: 2114: 2113: 2109:Problem solving 2094:Decision-making 2053:Form perception 2021: 1997:Semantic memory 1967:Episodic memory 1930: 1927: 1911: 1817: 1761:verbal thinking 1718: 1706:Decision Making 1697: 1692: 1667: 1658: 1626: 1602: 1579: 1563: 1561: 1540:(CBT) evolved. 1534: 1529: 1520:Daniel Kahneman 1512: 1492:Validity effect 1432: 1377: 1345: 1332:semantic memory 1323:Episodic memory 1312:Semantic memory 1271: 1265: 1210: 1204: 1191: 1127: 1121: 1098: 1092: 975:Broca's aphasia 951:George Berkeley 919: 844: 784:Problem solving 779:Decision making 635: 597: 595: 588: 587: 586: 585: 561:Psychotherapies 529: 519: 518: 439: 431: 430: 429: 428: 257: 247: 246: 245: 244: 205:Neuropsychology 90: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8493: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8435: 8434: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8357: 8347: 8341: 8339: 8338:Related topics 8335: 8334: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8288: 8287: 8282: 8272: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8254: 8252: 8245:Digital divide 8241: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8200: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8169: 8167: 8160:Cognitive bias 8156: 8155: 8153: 8152: 8150:Sticky content 8147: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8138:Binge-watching 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8068: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8054:Digital zombie 8051: 8050: 8049: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8027:Attention span 8024: 8019: 8014: 8008: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7980: 7979: 7972:Sensationalism 7969: 7964: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7937: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7918:Junk food news 7915: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7847: 7842: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7821: 7820: 7813: 7806: 7798: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7729:Binge-watching 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7689:Digital zombie 7686: 7681: 7679:Cyberpathology 7676: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7643: 7641: 7640:Related topics 7637: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7563: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7512: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7465: 7460: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7396: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7380: 7379: 7372: 7365: 7357: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7332: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7234:Serious Gaming 7230: 7228: 7227:Serious Gaming 7224: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7208:Mental imagery 7205: 7200: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7180: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7131: 7118: 7105: 7097: 7094: 7093: 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6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6257: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6222: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6169: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6152: 6150:theory of mind 6143: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6033: 6031: 6017: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5983: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5917:Baldwin effect 5914: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5788: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5763: 5751: 5739: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5589:social science 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5521:Global studies 5518: 5516:Gender studies 5513: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5499:social science 5495:Environmental 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5385: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5194:macroeconomics 5191: 5189:microeconomics 5181: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973:Roy Baumeister 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4908:Michael Posner 4905: 4900: 4895: 4893:Elliot Aronson 4890: 4888:Walter Mischel 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4853:Albert Bandura 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4828:Leon Festinger 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4798:Neal E. Miller 4795: 4793:Abraham Maslow 4790: 4785: 4780: 4778:Ernest Hilgard 4775: 4773:Donald O. Hebb 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4753:J. P. Guilford 4750: 4748:Gordon Allport 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4728:John B. Watson 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4519:Animal testing 4515: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4335: 4327: 4326: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4222:Cross-cultural 4219: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4202: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4116: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4072: 4060: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016:External links 4014: 4013: 4012: 3997: 3982: 3967: 3938: 3932: 3911: 3901:(4): 235–248. 3888: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3856: 3845:(6): 656–664. 3829: 3782:Brain Research 3765: 3740:(4): 573–633. 3717: 3671: 3664: 3656:Changing Minds 3646: 3625: 3612: 3599: 3581: 3568: 3537: 3524: 3469: 3456: 3413: 3366: 3353: 3331: 3306: 3286: 3265: 3244: 3217:(9): 696–699. 3201: 3168: 3141:(4): 384–401. 3122: 3109: 3084: 3059: 3034: 3010: 2990: 2978: 2949:(5): 975–979. 2930: 2882: 2861: 2839: 2823: 2814: 2802: 2783: 2768: 2750: 2737: 2711: 2693: 2683:. Columbia.edu 2672: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2601:Neurocognitive 2598: 2593: 2588: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2499:Cognitive bias 2495: 2493: 2483: 2482: 2468: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2424:Saul Sternberg 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2349:Michael Posner 2346: 2341: 2336: 2334:Seymour Papert 2331: 2326: 2321: 2319:Ulrich Neisser 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2294:George Mandler 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2264:Eric Lenneberg 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2139:Albert Bandura 2136: 2131: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2068: 2067: 2065:Time sensation 2062: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2017:Working memory 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1977:False memories 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1931: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1865:Mental imagery 1862: 1857: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1823:Categorization 1819: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1753:image thinking 1717: 1714: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1646: 1636: 1625: 1622: 1606:Theory of Mind 1601: 1598: 1578: 1575: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1482: 1473: 1458:read more here 1453: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1431: 1428: 1376: 1373: 1352:proprioception 1344: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1320: 1309: 1267:Main article: 1264: 1261: 1208:Working memory 1206:Main article: 1203: 1202:Working memory 1200: 1196:working memory 1190: 1187: 1123:Main article: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1091: 1088: 1079:hallucinations 1063: 1062: 1059:George Mandler 1055: 1045: 1030: 931:René Descartes 925:. In 387 BCE, 923:ancient Greeks 918: 915: 846: 845: 843: 842: 835: 828: 820: 817: 816: 815: 814: 809: 804: 796: 795: 789: 788: 787: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 758: 757: 751: 750: 744: 743: 737: 736: 730: 729: 728: 727: 722: 717: 712: 704: 703: 697: 696: 690: 689: 688: 687: 682: 677: 672: 664: 663: 657: 656: 648: 647: 637: 636: 634: 633: 626: 619: 611: 608: 607: 606: 605: 590: 589: 584: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 532: 531: 530: 525: 524: 521: 520: 517: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 427: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 260: 259: 258: 253: 252: 249: 248: 243: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 150:Cross-cultural 147: 142: 141: 140: 130: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 93: 92: 91: 86: 85: 82: 81: 80: 79: 74: 69: 61: 60: 52: 51: 45: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8492: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8345:Computer rage 8343: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8317:United States 8315: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8292:Filter bubble 8290: 8286: 8285:United States 8283: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8259: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8220:Peer pressure 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8161: 8157: 8151: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8066:Doomscrolling 8064: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8052: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7877:Media studies 7875: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7829:human factors 7826: 7819: 7814: 7812: 7807: 7805: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7684:Digital detox 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7674:Cyberbullying 7672: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7556: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7528: 7525: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7373: 7371: 7366: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7259:Brain fitness 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7249:Business game 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7173: 7171: 7166: 7164: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7143: 7142: 7136: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7069:Neo-Darwinism 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7054:Functionalism 7052: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7012:Connectionism 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7003: 7002:indeterminism 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6722:Schizophrenia 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6707:Mental health 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6582:Mate guarding 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6542:Age disparity 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6472:Schizophrenia 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6397:Mental health 6393: 6392:Human factors 6389: 6383: 6382:Socialization 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6342:paternal bond 6339: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6207: 6206:Naïve physics 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172:Motor control 6170: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6130:Ophidiophobia 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6120:Arachnophobia 6118: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6047:Display rules 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5949:Kin selection 5947: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5843:Adaptationism 5841: 5840: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5804: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5712:Human science 5710: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5669: 5668:Vegan studies 5666: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5631:Public health 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565:Philosophies 5564: 5562: 5561:Media studies 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5536:Human ecology 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5446:Anthrozoology 5444: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5371:developmental 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5344:public policy 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5295:legal systems 5293: 5291: 5290:legal history 5288: 5286: 5285:jurisprudence 5283: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5109: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5010:Psychologists 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 5000:Organizations 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4948:John Anderson 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4878:Ulric Neisser 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4863:Endel Tulving 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4848:Robert Zajonc 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4803:Jerome Bruner 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4768:B. F. Skinner 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:Clark L. Hull 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4713:Sigmund Freud 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4703:William James 4701: 4699: 4698:Wilhelm Wundt 4696: 4694: 4691: 4690:Psychologists 4686: 4678: 4677:Psychometrics 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4637:Consciousness 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4569:Psychophysics 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4511:Methodologies 4508: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4471:Psychotherapy 4469: 4467: 4466:Psychometrics 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4323: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4232:Developmental 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3933:9780080430768 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3877: 3875:9780470757833 3871: 3867: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3676: 3667: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3635: 3629: 3622: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3578: 3572: 3554: 3547: 3541: 3534: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3342: 3335: 3321:on 2017-09-14 3320: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3275: 3269: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3129: 3127: 3119: 3113: 3099:on 1997-04-12 3098: 3094: 3088: 3074:on 2014-07-17 3073: 3069: 3063: 3049:on 2016-01-12 3048: 3044: 3038: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2871: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2843: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2793: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2682: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2651: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2547:Connectionism 2545: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519:interventions 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2469: 2466: 2455: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2434:Endel Tulving 2432: 2430: 2429:Anne Treisman 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2394:Roger Shepard 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2369:Eleanor Rosch 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2344:Steven Pinker 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2304:Ellen Markman 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2274:Willem Levelt 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2239:Dedre Gentner 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2219:William Estes 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2179:Jerome Bruner 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2154:Aaron T. Beck 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2134:David Ausubel 2132: 2130: 2129:Alan Baddeley 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2060:Psychophysics 2058: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1765:brain imaging 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1737:brain science 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1716:Controversies 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1633:Metacognition 1631: 1630: 1629: 1621: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1610:metacognition 1607: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1558:meta-analyses 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1542:Aaron T. Beck 1539: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435:Metacognition 1430:Metacognition 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385:Carl Wernicke 1382: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1364:Structuralism 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1209: 1199: 1197: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1126: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1097: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1066:Ulric Neisser 1060: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1001: 1000: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 971:Carl Wernicke 968: 962: 960: 959:Immanuel Kant 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 893:, as well as 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 841: 836: 834: 829: 827: 822: 821: 819: 818: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 797: 794: 791: 790: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 760: 759: 756: 753: 752: 749: 746: 745: 742: 739: 738: 735: 734:Metacognition 732: 731: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 706: 705: 702: 699: 698: 695: 692: 691: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 666: 665: 662: 659: 658: 654: 650: 649: 646: 643: 642: 632: 627: 625: 620: 618: 613: 612: 610: 609: 604: 594: 593: 592: 591: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 556:Psychologists 554: 552: 549: 547: 546:Organizations 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 533: 528: 523: 522: 515: 514:Psychometrics 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 474:Consciousness 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 441: 435: 434: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 394:Psychotherapy 392: 390: 389:Psychometrics 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 261: 256: 251: 250: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 160:Developmental 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 139: 136: 135: 134: 131: 129: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 89: 84: 83: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 64: 63: 62: 58: 54: 53: 50: 47: 46: 42: 41: 36: 34: 19: 8439:Technophobia 8427:Technophilia 8270:Echo chamber 8128:Rage farming 7908:Infotainment 7839: 7778:Technostress 7771:Technophobia 7766:Technophilia 7542:Evolutionary 7536: 7520:Evolutionary 7510:Neuroscience 7339: 7327: 7274:Gamification 7183: 7139: 7126: 7113: 7100: 6859:Sociobiology 6808: 6717:Neuroscience 6697:Intelligence 6243:Anthropology 6196:Color vision 6181:Multitasking 6160:Flynn effect 6155:Intelligence 6137:Folk biology 5880:Evolutionary 5770: 5746: 5734: 5704: 5511:Food studies 5451:Area studies 5365: 5204:mathematical 5199:econometrics 5157:Anthropology 4923:Larry Squire 4918:Bruce McEwen 4913:Amos Tversky 4883:Jerome Kagan 4873:Noam Chomsky 4813:Hans Eysenck 4783:Harry Harlow 4763:Erik Erikson 4662:Intelligence 4559:Neuroimaging 4302:Quantitative 4267:Mathematical 4262:Intelligence 4252:Experimental 4247:Evolutionary 4237:Differential 4195: 4146:Psychologist 4079:Scholarpedia 4071:at Wikiquote 4026: 4000: 3985: 3970: 3946: 3942: 3915: 3898: 3894: 3865: 3859: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3821:. 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Retrieved 2654: 2444:Lev Vygotsky 2439:Amos Tversky 2419:Larry Squire 2329:Allan Paivio 2324:Allen Newell 2209:Albert Ellis 2194:Fergus Craik 2189:Noam Chomsky 2159:Robert Bjork 2070: 2069: 2024: 2023: 1933: 1932: 1880: 1879: 1846: 1845: 1821: 1820: 1801:motor skills 1774: 1769:brain lesion 1756: 1751:is based on 1744: 1730: 1719: 1701: 1698: 1684: 1668: 1659: 1627: 1614: 1603: 1591: 1580: 1555: 1549: 1535: 1527:Applications 1513: 1499: 1490: 1484: 1477:Cryptomnesia 1475: 1466: 1461: 1454: 1433: 1409: 1378: 1369: 1346: 1316:Eiffel Tower 1294:subconscious 1279:hierarchical 1272: 1253:decay theory 1250: 1243: 1219: 1211: 1192: 1183: 1171: 1160: 1128: 1099: 1075: 1069: 1064: 1048:Noam Chomsky 1008: 997: 983: 963: 920: 850: 849: 748:Metalanguage 644: 499:Intelligence 230:Quantitative 195:Mathematical 190:Intelligence 180:Experimental 175:Evolutionary 165:Differential 32: 8203:Moral panic 8133:Screen time 7967:News values 7903:Gatekeeping 7845:Externality 7724:Screen time 7244:Edutainment 6998:Determinism 6910:Coevolution 6854:Primatology 6692:Gender role 6597:Orientation 6477:Screen time 6334:Affectional 6316:Development 5995:Mate choice 5922:By-products 5890:Adaptations 5853:Cognitivism 5772:Wikiversity 5663:Social work 5551:Linguistics 5476:Criminology 5393:criminology 5376:personality 5334:comparative 5312:Linguistics 5305:private law 5162:archaeology 4995:Disciplines 4968:Susan Fiske 4858:Roger Brown 4758:Carl Rogers 4743:Jean Piaget 4708:Ivan Pavlov 4564:Observation 4544:Experiments 4491:Suicidology 4386:Educational 4341:Anomalistic 4312:Theoretical 4287:Personality 4217:Comparative 4200:Cognitivism 4191:Behaviorism 4077:article in 3949:(4): 6–10. 3788:: 143–159. 3386:(1): 3–15. 3182:Cognitextes 2903:: 107–123. 2875:15 November 2778:j.ctt5hhqtj 2514:development 2509:description 2339:Jean Piaget 2269:Alan Leslie 2184:Susan Carey 1902:Linguistics 1775:Similarly, 1722:behaviorist 1042:cognitivism 1019:Behaviorism 1004:Jean Piaget 986:behaviorism 903:linguistics 891:cybernetics 887:linguistics 879:behaviorism 541:Disciplines 414:Suicidology 309:Educational 264:Anomalistic 240:Theoretical 215:Personality 145:Comparative 128:Cognitivism 122:Behaviorism 8459:Categories 8417:Social bot 8407:Sealioning 8165:Conformity 7950:Propaganda 7935:Media bias 7928:Soft media 7657:Body image 7604:Depression 7558:Associated 7527:Psychology 7515:Psychiatry 7468:Ergonomics 7425:Nomophobia 6945:Population 6940:Lamarckism 6786:behavioral 6764:Behavioral 6712:Narcissism 6657:Aggression 6447:Hypophobia 6437:Depression 6324:Attachment 6306:Universals 6270:Psychology 6248:Biological 6236:Musicology 6226:Aesthetics 6125:Basophobia 5932:Exaptation 5910:Reciprocal 5717:Humanities 5651:historical 5584:psychology 5556:Management 5398:demography 5356:Psychology 5339:philosophy 5300:public law 5231:integrated 5058:Wikisource 4903:Paul Ekman 4738:Kurt Lewin 4632:Competence 4554:Interviews 4534:Case study 4411:Humanistic 4391:Ergonomics 4376:Counseling 4351:Assessment 4333:psychology 4282:Perception 4242:Ecological 4158:psychology 4136:Philosophy 4120:Psychology 4009:0199236992 3994:049550629X 3979:0131298100 3943:Psychiatry 3823:2020-02-28 3759:2020-02-28 3640:2014-08-13 3562:2014-08-13 3489:(1): 169. 3347:2014-08-13 3325:2014-08-13 3304:, 697–720. 3280:2014-08-13 3259:2014-08-13 3103:2014-08-13 3078:2014-08-13 3053:2013-04-23 3028:2018-09-06 2687:2014-08-13 2666:2014-08-13 2646:References 2164:Paul Bloom 2048:Perception 2026:Perception 1841:Similarity 1690:Criticisms 1420:short-term 1348:Perception 1343:Perception 1222:Ebbinghaus 1094:See also: 967:Paul Broca 955:John Locke 943:empiricism 871:creativity 867:perception 661:Perception 469:Competence 334:Humanistic 314:Ergonomics 299:Counseling 274:Assessment 210:Perception 170:Ecological 126:Cognitive/ 49:Psychology 8480:Cognition 8103:Infodemic 8037:Clickbait 8004:Attention 7860:Cognition 7537:Cognitive 6790:cognitive 6782:Affective 6667:Cognition 6621:Sexuality 6607:Pair bond 6367:Education 6024:Cognition 5942:Inclusive 5882:processes 5870:Criticism 5595:Planning 5574:economics 5491:Education 5388:Sociology 5366:cognitive 5317:semiotics 5268:political 5226:technical 5211:Geography 5184:Economics 5078:Wikibooks 5068:Wikiquote 4938:Ed Diener 4723:Carl Jung 4627:Cognition 4456:Political 4366:Community 4196:Cognitive 3503:0009-3920 3443:0190-2725 3408:144765230 3400:2162-6057 3239:143518064 2662:. 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