208:. As congregation here evidently means college, these writers contend that two can therefore form a college. As a matter of fact, however, the pontiff is simply affirming that the right of election will remain with an already constituted college even though only two of its members remain after the death of the prelate. Pirhing gives as the reason why two cannot constitute a college, that though it be not necessary that the college actually have a head, yet it must be at least capable of giving itself a presiding officer, or rector of the college. If, then, there be only two members and one be constituted the head, the other can not form the body, for the body requires several members, and the head is distinct from the body. He does not mean to assert, however, that if a college be reduced to two members, it can not preserve its corporate rights. On the contrary, the canon law explicitly affirms that one surviving member can conserve the privileges of the corporate body, not for himself personally, but for the college. When a legally constituted college has been reduced to two members, one can elect the other as prelate. If the college be reduced to one member, it becomes a virtual, not an actual, corporation. The single remaining member can exercise the acts belonging to the college, and although he can not elect himself prelate, yet he can choose or nominate some other proper person to the prelacy. He may also commit the election to other persons, or even to one, as the bishop.
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The ancient canonists, when stating that three constitute a college, give also the numbers requisite for other canonical bodies, thus: five are necessary to form a university, two a congregation, more than two a family, and ten a parish. Among conspicuous ecclesiastical colleges may be mentioned the
192:" as synonymous terms with college, but others insist that there are points of difference. Thus, there are canonists who define university as a collection of bodies distinct from one another, but employing the same name specially conferred upon them.
121:, or by special laws. There were, however, general laws under which colleges could be formed by private persons, and if the authorities judged that the members had conformed to the letter and spirit of these laws, they had incontestable rights as
247:, and are consequently exempt from any other spiritual or temporal authority; the students are declared to be under the direct protection of the pope. Such institutions are, among others, the College of the Propaganda, and the
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According to canon law three persons are required to form a college. Some authors maintained that two were sufficient for the purpose, because Pope
Innocent, alluding to St. Matthew, xviii, 20, says that no
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The colleges could hold property in common and could sue and be sued. In case of failure this common property could be seized, but that of the individual members was not liable to seizure. The Roman
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remarks that a community of priests attached to the same church do not form a college unless they are members of one body whose head is a prelate elected by that body.
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90:) of persons united together for a common object so as to form one body. The members are consequently said to be incorporated, or to form a corporation.
235:, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge were always spoken of as ecclesiastical corporations. By English law they are now purely lay corporations.
184:. By canonists, a college has been defined as a collection of several rational bodies forming one representative body. Some authors consider "
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The early Roman
Christians are said to have sometimes held church property during times of persecution under the title of collegium.
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Colleges were formed among the ancient Romans for various purposes. Some of these had a religious object, as the college of the
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The title "Apostolic
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is to be chosen for a church where two or three form the congregation, except by their
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required at least three persons for constituting a college. Legal
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was made, at least in some cases, by decrees of the
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41:This article incorporates unedited text from the
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307:(Paris, 1907, I, 261-66). It is not admitted by
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383:College (in Canon Law)
313:Hist. anc. de l'Eglise
233:Elizabeth I of England
229:Protestant Reformation
155:tribunes of the people
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388:Catholic Encyclopedia
181:Corpus Juris Canonici
176:Roman Catholic Church
47:Catholic Encyclopedia
214:College of Cardinals
82:, is a collection (
18:College (canon law)
405:(Venice, 1759), I;
269:Catholicism portal
239:Apostolic Colleges
222:cathedral chapters
206:canonical election
415:(Rome, 1886), II;
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279:in solidum
218:collegiate
186:university
168:See also:
103:Roman laws
202:presbyter
190:community
164:Canon law
143:, of the
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88:collegium
78:, in the
63:June 2017
255:See also
245:Holy See
150:quæstors
99:Colleges
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365:Sources
194:Pirhing
188:" and "
119:emperor
117:of the
94:History
76:college
145:Augurs
115:edicts
111:Senate
291:Notes
84:Latin
220:and
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