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Author(s): Bernard, Jürgen; Steiger, Martin; Mittelstädt, Sebastian; Thum, Simon; Keim, Daniel; Kohlhammer, Jörn, In Kao, David L. (Ed.) ; Society for
Imaging Science and Technology -IS&T-; Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers -SPIE-, Bellingham/Wash.: Visualization and Data
1020:
to a color space. With a typical γ of around 2, it is easy to see that a gamma-enabled color space will blend darker than a linear-intensity color space, since the sum of squares of two numbers is never more than the square of their sum. The effect is most apparent in blending
942:
Conic or conical gradients are gradients with color transitions rotated around a center point (rather than radiating from the center). Example conic gradients include pie charts and color wheels. Conic gradients are sometimes called "sweep gradients" (for example in the
1032:, it is undesirable to have a supposedly "flat" gradient show non-monotonic variations in lightness and saturation along the way. This is because human vision emphasizes these qualities, causing bias or confusion in interpretation.
1040:
for a long time. On the web, however, it has long been neglected for both color gradients and image scaling. Such a blend still has a subtle difference from one done in a perceptually-uniform color space.
882:
An axial color gradient (sometimes also called a linear color gradient) is specified by two points, and a color at each point. The colors along the line through those points are calculated using
1284:
1013:
The appearance of a gradient not only varies by the color themselves, but also by the color space the calculation is performed in. The problem usually becomes important for two reasons:
305:
743:
661:
415:
559:
475:
918:
that has one color at the edge and another at the center. Colors are calculated by linear interpolation based on distance from the center. This can be used to approximate the
766:
1441:
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: A Theoretical
Framework for the Assessment of Continuous Colormaps by Roxana Bujack, Terece L. Turton, Francesca Samsel, Colin Ware
1025:
like red and green, with the middle color being a dark color instead of the expected yellow. The radial and conic examples on this page clearly exhibit this error.
1220:
allow the screen background to be specified as a gradient. The colors produced by a gradient vary continuously with position, producing smooth color transitions.
225:
1272:
184:
2380:
1241:
1634:
1593:
Zeileis, Achim; Fisher, Jason C.; Hornik, Kurt; Ihaka, Ross; McWhite, Claire D.; Murrell, Paul; Stauffer, Reto; Wilke, Claus O. (2019). "
1257:
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Analysis 2015 : 9–11 February 2015, San
Francisco, California Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 2015 (Proceedings of SPIE 9397)
1440:
1716:
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1223:
visualize the progression of an extended computer operation, such as a download, file transfer, or installation. See
1139:
2542:
92:
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232:
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676:
570:
324:
160:
485:
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318:
422:
65:
2405:
2065:
1839:
2788:
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2194:
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1123:
2372:
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1923:
1029:
963:
1451:
2582:
2400:
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1783:
1520:
in "CSS Image Values and
Replaced Content Module Level 3", W3C Candidate Recommendation, April 2012
1496:
in "CSS Image Values and
Replaced Content Module Level 3", W3C Candidate Recommendation, April 2012
77:
1541:
749:
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2572:
2567:
1564:
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201:
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1736:
1361:
956:
1990:
1696:
2489:
2172:
2160:
1022:
883:
108:
1683:
1327:; a function that maps (transforms) the colors of one image to the colors of another image
8:
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1933:
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In assigning colors to a set of values, a gradient is a continuous colormap, a type of
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1185:
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1985:
1918:
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56:. In computer graphics, the term swatch has come to mean a palette of active colors.
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2005:
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RGB color values, as opposed to linear. CSS and SVG both support linear gradients.
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A "linear" blend would match physical light blending and has been the standard in
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1980:
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2015:
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An axial color gradient, with a white line segment connecting the two points
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2010:
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136:
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1961:
1430:
Diverging Color Maps for
Scientific Visualization - Kenneth Moreland
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1407:
1203:
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2127:
1350:
1100:
906:
21:
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1793:
1597:: A Toolbox for Manipulating and Assessing Colors and Palettes".
1559:
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A survey and task-based quality assessment of static 2D colormaps
99:
83:
2734:
2337:
2327:
1728:
1335:
923:
915:
1532:
in "SVG 1.1 (Second
Edition)", W3C Recommendation, August 2011
1508:
in "SVG 1.1 (Second
Edition)", W3C Recommendation, August 2011
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2317:
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1759:
772:
46:
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1452:
which-color-scale-to-use-in-data-vis by Lisa
Charlotte Rost
874:
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ordered (sequential) and non-ordered (categorical)
1202:represent quantitative or ordinal values, like in
760:
737:
655:
553:
469:
409:
299:
219:
2381:Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
890:systems, colors are typically interpolated in an
2780:
886:, then extended perpendicular to that line. In
204:which associate a real value r with point c in
128:Color gradient is a set of colors arranged in a
1358:; a finite set of colors in no particular order
1552:
16:Specifies a range of position-dependent colors
1744:
926:. Both CSS and SVG support radial gradients.
1635:"Chapter 24. The Importance of Being Linear"
1206:. More precise description is in color box.
1028:Handling of other perceptual properties. In
1586:
300:{\displaystyle f:\subset \mathbf {R} \to C}
135:A continuous colormap is a curve through a
2763:
1751:
1737:
1580:"What every coder should know about gamma"
1145:polychromatic ( multi hue ) color gradient
826:readability for color-vision deficient or
60:real world color gradients or swatch books
45:) specifies a range of position-dependent
1694:
1610:
738:{\displaystyle r\in \subset \mathbf {R} }
656:{\displaystyle r_{i-1}<r<r_{i}\in }
410:{\displaystyle r_{0}<...<r_{m}\in }
2532:International Commission on Illumination
1008:
933:
905:
873:
554:{\displaystyle f(r_{i})=c_{i},i=0,...,m}
20:
1567:from the original on December 21, 2021.
805:range: full or limited. Example :
2781:
2522:Color Association of the United States
1463:Fabio Crameri: Scientific colour maps
1419:Dave Green's 'cubehelix' colour scheme
1732:
1577:
1382:( like in Paper color swatch book or
947:specification) or angular gradients.
419:a series of values in the colorspace
914:A radial gradient is specified as a
470:{\displaystyle c_{0},...,c_{m}\in C}
195:
1684:gnuplot docs 4.2 node167: Color box
1408:cssgradient: CSS Gradient Swatches
901:
13:
2386:Blue–green distinction in language
1578:Novak, John (September 21, 2016).
929:
922:of light from a point source by a
869:
25:A linear, or axial, color gradient
14:
2800:
1553:Minute Physics (March 20, 2015).
809:with limited range of saturation.
49:, usually used to fill a region.
2762:
2753:
2752:
2543:International Colour Association
2126:
1758:
1542:mozilla docs: CSS conic-gradient
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183:
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107:
91:
76:
64:
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1677:
1667:"How software gets color wrong"
1659:
1645:
1627:
1599:Journal of Statistical Software
1571:
1546:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1293:that use classed color gradient
1196:
950:
2538:International Color Consortium
2527:International Colour Authority
1499:
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612:
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492:
404:
366:
291:
280:
242:
122:
1:
2603:List of Crayola crayon colors
1394:
830:people ( colorblind-friendly)
788:Criteria for classification:
1695:Eisenberg, J. David (2002).
844:
761:{\displaystyle \mathbf {R} }
143:curve through RGB colorspace
7:
2406:Traditional colors of Japan
2183:Achromatic colors (Neutral)
2066:Multi-primary color display
1840:Spectral power distribution
1653:"Web color is still broken"
1298:
1118:Gradient on HSV color wheel
1044:
10:
2805:
1555:"Computer Color is Broken"
1236:Color gradients in physics
1230:Coloring cartographic maps
317:an increasing sequence of
2748:
2720:
2633:
2558:
2551:
2502:
2421:
2371:
2303:
2294:
2266:Color realism (art style)
2213:
2146:
2135:
2124:
2024:
1971:
1924:Evolution of color vision
1853:
1776:
1767:
1384:RAL CLASSIC K5 colour fan
1030:information visualization
864:
857:, bivariate or trivariate
2583:List of colors (compact)
2401:Color in Chinese culture
2051:Digital image processing
1784:Electromagnetic spectrum
783:
768:is a set of real numbers
567:the intermediate values
71:RAL CLASSIC K5 color fan
2588:List of colors by shade
910:A radial color gradient
2593:List of color palettes
1278:classed color gradient
1265:visible light spectrum
939:
911:
879:
762:
739:
657:
555:
471:
411:
301:
221:
102:base colors and blends
26:
2517:Color Marketing Group
2272:On Vision and Colours
2205:Tinctures in heraldry
1816:Structural coloration
1621:10.18637/jss.v096.i01
1009:Effect of color space
937:
909:
877:
812:perceptual uniformity
763:
740:
658:
556:
472:
412:
310:which is defined by:
302:
222:
24:
2598:List of color spaces
2490:Tint, shade and tone
2373:Cultural differences
2188:Polychromatic colors
2173:Complementary colors
2161:Monochromatic colors
1388:Pantone color guides
1362:Perceptually uniform
1216:fill a region: many
1023:complementary colors
884:linear interpolation
795:discrete ( classed,
750:
677:
571:
486:
423:
325:
233:
211:
2578:List of colors: N–Z
2573:List of colors: G–M
2568:List of colors: A–F
1673:. December 3, 2020.
1671:bottosson.github.io
962:can be used, e.g.,
2625:List of web colors
2620:List of RAL colors
2026:Color reproduction
1991:Lüscher color test
1828:Color of chemicals
1305:Bokashi (printing)
1247:Color temperature
1210:data visualisation
940:
920:diffuse reflection
912:
880:
758:
735:
653:
551:
467:
407:
297:
217:
27:
2789:Computer graphics
2776:
2775:
2716:
2715:
2498:
2497:
2290:
2289:
2280:Theory of Colours
2122:
2121:
2034:Color photography
1986:Color preferences
1929:Impossible colors
1919:Color vision test
1914:Color temperature
1892:Color calibration
1821:Animal coloration
964:Adobe Illustrator
220:{\displaystyle C}
200:A colormap is a
196:Strict definition
43:color progression
37:(also known as a
2796:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2556:
2555:
2422:Color dimensions
2411:Human skin color
2301:
2300:
2178:Analogous colors
2144:
2143:
2130:
2056:Color management
1973:Color psychology
1939:Opponent process
1855:Color perception
1774:
1773:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1730:
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1723:
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1702:
1692:
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1639:NVIDIA Developer
1631:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1530:Radial Gradients
1527:
1521:
1518:Radial Gradients
1515:
1509:
1506:Linear Gradients
1503:
1497:
1494:Linear Gradients
1491:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1454:
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1438:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1315:Color difference
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1188:
1176:
1164:
1142:
1126:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1018:Gamma correction
998:
984:
902:Radial gradients
896:gamma compressed
855:Multivariate map
821:perceptual order
767:
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742:
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2494:
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2396:Blue in culture
2367:
2286:
2233:Secondary color
2209:
2166:black-and-white
2138:
2131:
2118:
2020:
2006:National colors
2001:Political color
1981:Color symbolism
1967:
1897:Color constancy
1875:Color blindness
1849:
1806:Spectral colors
1763:
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1331:Diffusion curve
1301:
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1291:Warming stripes
1288:
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1267:
1263:Colours of the
1261:
1252:
1245:
1218:window managers
1199:
1192:
1189:
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1179:HSV 2D profiles
1177:
1168:
1167:RGB 2D profiles
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1068:
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1050:2D RGB profiles
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1004:
999:
990:
985:
976:
968:gradient meshes
957:vector graphics
953:
932:
930:Conic gradients
904:
892:RGB color space
888:digital imaging
872:
870:Axial gradients
867:
847:
799:) / continuous
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2392:Color history
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2276:
2275:(Schopenhauer)
2268:
2263:
2260:Color analysis
2257:
2255:Color triangle
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2061:Color printing
2058:
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2041:
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2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
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1998:
1996:Kruithof curve
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1868:Sonochromatism
1859:
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35:color gradient
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2016:Chromotherapy
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31:color science
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19:
2478:Fluorescence
2441:Colorfulness
2434:Dichromatism
2278:
2270:
2240:Chromaticity
2223:Color mixing
2215:Color theory
2148:Color scheme
2011:Chromophobia
1960:
1698:
1690:
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1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1380:swatch books
1365:color spaces
1346:Mach banding
1225:progress bar
1197:Applications
1038:game engines
1035:
1012:
967:
954:
951:Other shapes
941:
913:
881:
807:pastel color
797:color scheme
787:
665:
309:
199:
130:linear order
54:color scheme
51:
42:
38:
34:
28:
18:
2615:Color chart
2473:Iridescence
2305:Basic terms
2296:Color terms
2250:Color wheel
2245:Color solid
2109:Color space
2095:subtractive
2078:Color model
1949:Unique hues
1845:Colorimetry
1811:Chromophore
1375:Color chart
1156:HSV rainbow
1151:HSV rainbow
974:Color space
839:color depth
834:color space
828:color-blind
775:= point in
672:real number
563:a rule for
206:color space
178:HSV rainbow
123:Definitions
86:color guide
2635:Shades of:
2468:Brightness
2200:Web colors
2156:Color tool
2139:philosophy
2044:Color cast
1944:Afterimage
1934:Metamerism
1907:Color code
1902:Color task
1885:Dichromacy
1707:. p.
1612:1903.06490
1595:colorspace
1395:References
1251:800-12200K
1249:black body
1133:) gradient
966:supported
777:colorspace
137:colorspace
132:( ordered)
117:colour fan
39:color ramp
2485:Grayscale
2458:Lightness
2453:Luminance
2262:(fashion)
1962:The dress
1336:dithering
1204:heat maps
845:Dimension
792:dimension
728:⊂
684:∈
610:∈
583:−
462:∈
364:∈
292:→
284:⊂
190:diverging
166:cubehelix
98:cards of
2783:Category
2758:Category
2740:Lighting
2463:Darkness
2283:(Goethe)
2083:additive
2071:Quattron
1565:Archived
1299:See also
1045:Examples
945:OpenType
319:sampling
202:function
2722:Related
2683:Magenta
2608:history
2512:Pantone
1799:Visible
1794:Rainbow
1560:YouTube
1356:Palette
771:c is a
670:r is a
666:where:
481:mapping
321:points
100:Pantone
84:Pantone
2735:Qualia
2730:Vision
2678:Purple
2673:Violet
2653:Yellow
2648:Orange
2343:Orange
2338:Purple
2328:Yellow
1762:topics
1715:
1481:
924:sphere
916:circle
865:Shapes
815:order
47:colors
2768:Index
2708:Black
2698:White
2693:Brown
2658:Green
2560:Lists
2552:Names
2534:(CIE)
2503:Color
2363:Brown
2358:White
2348:Black
2318:Green
2137:Color
1833:Water
1789:Light
1760:Color
1607:arXiv
1351:Ombré
802:shape
784:Types
773:color
41:or a
2703:Gray
2688:Pink
2668:Blue
2663:Cyan
2353:Gray
2333:Pink
2313:Blue
2100:CMYK
1713:ISBN
1479:ISBN
853:2D:
597:<
591:<
479:the
351:<
339:<
154:gray
33:, a
2643:Red
2429:Hue
2323:Red
2088:RGB
1709:107
1617:doi
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988:LCH
955:In
115:HKS
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