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2549:, an English army numbering between 3,000 and 20,000 mixed troops set up a defensive line for the oncoming French forces numbering nearly 100,000 mixed troops. The English being in a defensive position dismounted their knights to augment the infantry forces on the lines of defense. The location of the English archers is unclear from the sources – either on the flanks, intermingled with the line troops, or behind the lines. But in the most likely scenario, they were formed up along the flanks according to prior positions in previous battles. The French arrived on the battlefield and sent their crossbowmen in advance of the cavalry to assault the English lines. The effectiveness of the crossbowmen was limited by rain having soaked the strings of the crossbows, reducing their effectiveness. The English archers had been able to keep their bow strings dry and only used them when the crossbowmen were in range. This led to the massacre of the crossbowmen and a retreat of the survivors, who were then trampled by the advancing French cavalry. This also disrupted an already disorganized advance after a long march to the battlefield by the cavalry. The piecemeal assault of the French forces would lead to an English victory.
193:
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definition of combat "as a general military engagement". In the pursuit of a leader's goals and self-interest tactical and strategic thinking was used along with taking advantage of the terrain and weather in choosing when and where to give battle. The simplest example is the combination of different specialties such as archers, infantry, cavalry (knights or shock mounted troops), and even peasant militia. At times, each force fought on its own and won or lost depending on the opposing military competence. During the Middle Ages leaders utilized a combination of these skilled and unskilled forces to win battles. An army that has multiple skills available can engage a larger force that incorporates mainly one or two types of troops.
135:
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2404:, however, the focus of military thinking lay almost exclusively on the heavy infantry. In more elaborate situations armies of various nationalities fielded different combinations of light, medium, or heavy infantry, cavalry, chariotry, camelry, elephantry, and artillery (mechanical weapons). Combined arms in this context was how to best use the cooperating units, variously armed with side-arms, spears, or missile weapons in order to coordinate an attack to disrupt and then destroy the enemy.
2292:
36:
2528:. This is known as a combat multiplier today. The combination of the different skills help provide a commander the flexibility to minimize risk when it comes to engagements. The overall objective of any military force is to fight and win, while also preserving the largest number of combatants to carry on the larger strategic aims of the king. This can be seen in some of the engagements during the Middle Ages.
2763:), and used similar combined arms tactics. Within each corps were divisions of infantry or cavalry made up of brigades and an artillery unit. An army would usually also have reserves of all three arms under the direct command of the army commander which could be sent in support of any corps or division of a corps to increase any arm which the army general considered necessary. The
2904:. For this reason, US troops in Vietnam saw six times more combat than in preceding wars, due to less time spent on logistic delays. The result: an infantry unit increased in effectiveness by a factor of four for its size, when supported with helicopter-delivered ammunition, food and fuel. In time the US Army in Vietnam also learned to combine helicopter operations and
2485:(1066) English infantry fighting from behind a shield wall were defeated by a Norman army consisting of archers, foot soldiers (infantry), and mounted knights (cavalry). One of the tactics used by the Normans was to tempt the English to leave the shield wall to attack retreating Norman infantry only to destroy them in the open with cavalry. Likewise Scottish
2819:. Generals on both sides applied conventional military thinking to the new weapons and situations that they faced. In these early stages, tactics typically consisted of heavy artillery barrages followed by massed frontal assaults against well entrenched enemies. These tactics were largely unsuccessful and resulted in large loss of life.
2524:
advantage of the horse. Archers provide standoff with their bows or crossbows. Cavalry can maneuver faster and provide fast attack before the enemy has had time to prepare defenses. Peasants are more numerous and cheaper on the royal coffers. Over the long term the army can cross-train and learn the skills of the specialties to increase
2516:. The lightly protected longbowmen could down their French opponents at a distance, whilst the armoured men-at-arms could deal with any Frenchmen who made it to the English lines. This is the crux of combined arms: to allow a combination of forces to achieve what would be impossible for its constituent elements to do alone.
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was the overall conceptual framework that formed the basis of the US Army's
European warfighting doctrine from 1982 into the late 1990s. AirLand Battle emphasized close coordination between land forces acting as an aggressively maneuvering defense, and air forces attacking rear-echelon forces feeding
2845:, in which the British used tanks, artillery, infantry, small arms and air power to break through enemy lines. Previously such a battle would have lasted months with many hundreds of thousands of casualties. Co-ordination and planning were the key elements, and the use of combined arms tactics in the
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is also an example, fielding mêlée infantry (equipped with a variety of different weapons ranging from swords to pikes to halberd-like weapons), archers, crossbowmen, and cavalry (ranging from horse archers to heavy lancers). One recorded tactical formation during the Han dynasty included three ranks
2453:
The Legion then became notionally a unit of heavy infantrymen armed with just sword and pilum, and fielded with a small attached auxiliary skirmishers and missile troops, and incorporated a small cavalry unit. The legion was sometimes also incorporated into a higher-echelon combined arms unit – e.g.,
3129:
This visualization was developed for the
Maneuver Center of Excellence and is closely based upon the National Training Center Breach and Assault exercise executed circa 1990. This visualization demonstrates viable TTPs as discussed in ATTP 3-90-4 for the conduct of the combined arms breach against a
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Each type of military formation – infantry, archers, cavalry, or peasants – has certain advantages that the other does not have. Infantry allows a force to hold ground and in the event of overwhelming enemy forces withdraw into terrain that mounted troops cannot maneuver as easily, thus negating the
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a larger
Austrian force. The Swiss had rebelled against Austrian rule and funneled the Austrian forces into easily defended passes in the Swiss mountains. The peasants and archers on the high ground effectively rained down arrows and rocks to disorganize the Austrian forces and the infantry charged
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The effective use of combined arms can – in conjunction with strategic and tactical considerations – overwhelm opposing forces, even those which are numerically superior. The use of terrain and weather can also aid in the use of combined arms to bring about the desired results of the commander of a
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greatly improved upon the limited combined arms tactics of the Greek city-states and combined the newly created
Macedonian phalanx with heavy cavalry and other forces. The phalanx would hold the opposing line in place, until the heavy cavalry could smash and break the enemy line by achieving local
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during the battle failed to break
Wellington's squares of infantry and Ney's failure to supplement his cavalry with sufficient horse artillery to break the squares open is usually given as a major contributing factor in the failure. It is an example of why generals needed to use combined arms to
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Combined arms hits the enemy with two or more arms simultaneously in such a manner that the actions he must take to defend himself from one make him more vulnerable to another. In contrast, supporting arms is hitting the enemy with two or more arms in sequence, or if simultaneously, then in such
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for requested air and artillery assets. Within a few minutes, on station aircraft would direct their missions to cover the ground vehicle. Within a half-hour heavy attack forces would concentrate to relieve the isolated vehicle. In an hour and a half the relieved vehicle would be resupplied.
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During the Middle Ages military forces used combined arms as a method of winning battles and furthering a war leader or king's long-term goals. Some historians claim that during the Middle Ages there was no strategic or tactical art to military combat. Kelly DeVries uses the
Merriam-Webster
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suffered 478 casualties from an initial strength of 750 because of their exposure to attack by French combined arms. They were located near the centre of
Wellington's line, but unlike most of the rest of Wellington's infantry were in a declivity on the exposed side of the
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in one period it was customary for a general to command two legions plus two similarly sized units of auxiliaries, lighter units useful as screens or for combat in rough terrain. Later during the Roman Empire, auxiliary soldiers outnumbered the core legionary troops.
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to augment their ground offensive or protect their land forces. The mixing of arms is sometimes pushed down below the level at which homogeneity ordinarily prevails, such as by temporarily attaching a tank company to an infantry battalion.
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near where the French had encamped upon arrival. During the evening meal the French were surprised by an attack under the cover of
English archers. The disorganized French forces were slaughtered and had no choice but to withdraw.
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Based on this doctrine, many US ground vehicles moved across the landscape alone. If they encountered an enemy troop or vehicle concentration, they would assume a defensive posture, lay down as much covering fire as they could,
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units of a combined arms team may be of similar types, a balanced mixture of such units are combined into an effective higher-echelon unit, whether formally in a table of organization or informally in an
3000:. The mix is supplemented by satellite photos and passive reception of enemy radio emissions, forward observers with digital target designation, specialized scouting aircraft, anti-artillery radars and
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was the proponent of the idea. For fire support he attached teams of "commanded musketeers" to cavalry units and fielded light 3-pounder guns to provide infantry units with organic artillery.
2497:(1298) by English archers acting in concert with mounted knights. Both Hastings and Falkirk showed how combined arms could be used to defeat enemies relying on only one arm.
2787:. Exposed as they were, they were forced to stand in square for most of the day for fear of cavalry attack and so made an easy dense target for Napoleon's massed artillery.
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supported by attack aircraft swept over remaining forces. The front line moved forward at upwards of 40–50 km/h at the upper limit of the Army's tracked vehicles.
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In 2000, the US Army began developing a new set of doctrines intended to use information superiority to wage warfare. Six pieces of equipment were crucial for this:
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Also, most modern military units can, if the situation requires it, call on yet more branches of the military, such as infantry requesting bombing or shelling by
3393:
The
Whirlwind War: The United States Army in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Frank N. Schubert, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1995
2896:
had a profound influence on the development of the US Army's combined arms doctrine. Due to the very difficult terrain that prevented access to the enemy-held
3384:
War in the
Persian Gulf: Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm : August 1990-March 1991. Richard Winship Stewart, Government Printing Office, 2010
3274:
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in forcing the advance guard to retreat into the main body causing more confusion, as well as a general military retreat by the Austrian military.
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2822:
As the war progressed new combined arms tactics were developed, often described then as the "all arms battle". These included direct close
2489:– which had been developed to counter the charges by English heavy cavalry, and had been used successfully against English cavalry at the
2512:
were examples of a simple form of combined arms, with a combination of dismounted knights forming a foundation for formations of English
2873:
doctrine, which was based on combining tanks, mobile units (mechanised infantry or cavalry) and infantry, while supported by artillery.
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In 1345, an English army of about 1,200 men had been moving through the Périgord region of Gascony. The French army had caught up
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and later as a looser spear wall formation) with long spears and large shields. The fifth class of troops were the
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combination that the actions the enemy must take to defend himself from one also defends himself from the other(s).
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1996:
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in 1918 allowed the Allied forces to exploit breakthroughs in the enemy trenches, forcing the surrender of the
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in 1815 were organized in a similar manner – into corps which contained infantry, cavalry and artillery (see
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2016:
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overcome the tactics used by enemy officers to frustrate an attack by a single arm of an army.
1969:
1944:
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of halberds, swordsmen, and spearmen, supported by crossbows, and with cavalry on the flanks.
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formed the defensive backbone of the legion fighting as spearmen (initially as a denser Greek
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to protect their spearmen during the approach to contact. Especially in the case of the Greek
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Combined arms operations date back to antiquity, where armies would usually field a screen of
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3429:"Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A survey of 20th-century tactics, doctrine, and organization"
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Certain Victory: The U.S. Army in the Gulf War. Robert H. Scales, Potomac Books, Inc., 1998
3298:
Combined Arms in Battle Since 1939. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Press, 1992
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In the eighteenth century, the concept of the legion was revived. Legions now consisted of
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1949:
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8:
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also were known to have fielded a combination of infantry supported by powerful cavalry.
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In World War II combined arms was a fundamental part of some operational doctrines like
2622:, and heavy cannons took form during the transition from the medieval way of war to the
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3009:
2946:
2905:
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The 17th century saw increasing use of combined arms at lower (regimental) level. King
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2224:, combined arms can be distinguished from the concept of "supporting arms" as follows:
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1989:
1909:
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1514:
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2889:, which combined Marine aviation and Marine ground units for expeditionary missions.
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1471:
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was a combined arms force and consisted of five classes of troops. Lightly equipped
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2246:, the modern paragon of combined arms doctrine, consists of a mixture of infantry,
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1934:
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outside the town of Auberoche but did not know the English had hidden in the woods
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1954:
1939:
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954:
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214:
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sized force. These legions often combined professional military personnel with
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American aircraft, infantry, and armored vehicles working together during the
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2450:(the cavalry), which were used for scouting, pursuit and to guard the flanks.
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3022:
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used a combined arms approach, seldom operating without supporting infantry.
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2214:
1976:
1964:
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3365:. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. pp. 299–352.
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After 25 years of near continuous warfare, the armies that met at the
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3431:. University Press of the Pacific. US Army Command General Staff College.
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619:
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2001:
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and precision bombing in combination with large numbers of strikes by
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3069:. Department of the Army. 16 May 2012. pp. 1–14. Archived from
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2011:
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Help from Above: Air Force close air support of the Army 1946–1973
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and infantry. One of the first instances of combined arms was the
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2006:
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1600:
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927:
803:
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3244:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Frontline Books. p. 166.
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2815:. Early in the Western Front, fighting descended into stagnant
2647:
2605:
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units, all of which are co-ordinated and directed by a unified
1553:
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502:
2811:
The development of modern combined arms tactics began in the
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to achieve mutually complementary effects—for example, using
1024:
560:
555:
2917:
2838:
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2247:
300:
295:
173:
2678:, which heavily relied on cavalry. The Oda army erected
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used a mix of strikes by fixed-wing aircraft including
2430:
formed the main attacking strength of the legion with
2908:
with the armoured and artillery units operating from
2422:
acted as skirmishers armed with light javelins. The
3217:(illustrated ed.). Pen and Sword. p. 12.
2949:. During the ground assault phase, tanks and other
2532:
Examples of middle ages combined arms use in battle
2242:solution to a battlefield problem. For example, an
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3331:. United States Marine Corps. 2007. Archived from
3214:The Waterloo Armies: Men, organization and tactics
3267:"Cambrai 1917: The myth of the great tank battle"
2731:. Perhaps the most notable example is the use of
3446:
3174:Infantry Warfare in the early Fourteenth Century
3094:
2674:successfully employed combined arms against the
3210:
2956:
2557:In 1315, Swiss peasants, archers, and infantry
3187:DeVries, Kelly; Smith, Robert Douglas (2012).
3171:
2996:(for ground and airborne communications), and
2689:that shot down the Takeda cavalry while their
3348:The 1st Cav in Vietnam: Anatomy of a division
3167:
3165:
2965:South Korean combat vehicles and infantry in
2693:cut down any enemies who managed to approach
2171:
3186:
2790:
3350:. Novato: Presidio Press. pp. 111–132.
3176:. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. p. 18.
2320:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3387:
3162:
2178:
2164:
3378:
2578:
2384:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3369:
3360:
3314:Military Review, November–December 2018.
3294:
3292:
3145:Knights and Heroes, Fantasy and Folklore
3141:
2960:
2794:
2761:Order of battle of the Waterloo Campaign
2637:formations in Europe, starting with the
1137:List of military strategies and concepts
133:
3345:
3306:
3304:
3191:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3148:. ABDO Publishing Company. p. 18.
2604:(professional versions of the medieval
14:
3447:
3325:"What is a Marine expeditionary unit?"
3264:
3237:
2657:Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Empire
3435:
3426:
3407:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800
3289:
3301:
2598:kings, composed of heavily armoured
2318:adding citations to reliable sources
2285:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2856:
2739:in advance detachments by France's
2583:Generally the savanna cavalries of
24:
3438:Monash: The Outsider Who Won a War
3420:
2978:Airborne early warning and control
2806:
2750:
2281:
2217:in which each supports the other.
2197:that seeks to integrate different
25:
3471:
3063:ADRP 3-0: Unified Land Operations
2876:
3265:Palmer, Peter J. (31 May 2009).
3211:Haythornthwaite, Philip (2007).
2900:, troops were often deployed by
2633:saw the development of combined
2559:at Morgarten were able to ambush
2290:
191:
34:
3399:
3354:
3339:
3317:
3258:
3127:(video). OEC G&V. c. 2015.
2930:those front line enemy forces.
2670:(長篠の戦い) in 1575, forces of the
2547:the battle of Crecy-en-Ponthieu
2493:(1297) – were destroyed at the
45:needs additional citations for
3310:Lt. Col. Wilson C. Blythe Jr.
3231:
3204:
3195:
3180:
3135:
3115:
3101:. Westview Press. p. 12.
3088:
3054:
2885:formalized the concept of the
2476:
13:
1:
3405:Thornton, John Kelly (1999).
3048:
3329:Home of the Thundering Third
3312:A History of Operational Art
3189:Medieval Military Technology
2986:Airborne ground surveillance
2957:Post Cold War (1992–present)
2887:Marine Air-Ground Task Force
2829:for attacking soldiers (the
2643:Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
2220:According to the strategist
7:
3427:House, Jonathan M. (1984).
3271:WesternFrontAssociation.com
3016:
2765:great French cavalry charge
2735:, light infantry and light
2702:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
1635:Military–industrial complex
1109:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
3476:
2951:armoured fighting vehicles
2883:United States Marine Corps
2465:Civilizations such as the
155:Operation Inherent Resolve
3098:Maneuver Warfare Handbook
3095:Lind, William S. (1985).
2791:20th-century developments
2500:The English victories of
2491:Battle of Stirling Bridge
1699:Loss-of-strength gradient
551:Combat information center
3346:Stanton, Shelby (1999).
3004:software for artillery.
2777:27th (Inniskilling)
2017:Military science fiction
1502:Technology and equipment
918:List of military tactics
3440:. Sydney: Random House.
3361:Schlight, John (2003).
3172:DeVries, Kelly (1996).
3142:Hamilton, John (2010).
3038:Network-centric warfare
2923:units supporting them.
2641:of the Spanish general
2085:Wartime sexual violence
1841:Full-spectrum dominance
1652:Supply-chain management
3436:Perry, Roland (2004).
3241:Wellington at Waterloo
2969:
2847:Hundred Days Offensive
2837:and mutual support of
2803:
2579:15th to 18th centuries
2231:
1997:Awards and decorations
1970:Peace through strength
1945:Low-intensity conflict
1579:Conscientious objector
1452:Area of responsibility
161:
3010:designate the targets
2964:
2798:
2226:
584:Torpedo data computer
574:Ship gun fire-control
137:
3335:on 17 November 2007.
3238:Weller, Jac (2010).
3124:Combined Arms Breach
2998:ruggedized computers
2645:, evolving into the
2526:combat effectiveness
2408:Philip II of Macedon
2314:improve this section
2115:Military occupations
1950:Military engineering
1852:Unrestricted Warfare
1709:Force multiplication
602:Military manoeuvrers
153:together as part of
54:improve this article
3201:Thornton, pp. 28–34
3130:hypothetical enemy.
2939:General Schwarzkopf
2668:battle of Nagashino
2624:early modern period
2566:Battle of Auberoche
2553:Battle of Morgarten
2414:The early Republic
1801:Penal military unit
1786:Rules of engagement
1462:Command and control
1082:Operations research
546:Director (military)
536:Fire-control system
286:Command and control
167:Part of a series on
27:Approach to warfare
3028:Battlegroup (army)
2970:
2947:attack helicopters
2912:as well as the US
2910:fire support bases
2906:airmobile infantry
2898:areas of operation
2804:
2757:Battle of Waterloo
2483:Battle of Hastings
2193:is an approach to
1910:Counter-insurgency
1831:Command of the sea
1776:Jewish laws on war
1751:Geneva Conventions
1287:Divide and conquer
1077:Military operation
1042:Tactical objective
541:Fire-control radar
518:Electronic-warfare
162:
151:United States Army
2967:Gyeonggi Province
2921:close air support
2843:Battle of Cambrai
2682:to protect their
2666:In Japan, at the
2541:Crecy-en-Ponthieu
2495:Battle of Falkirk
2394:
2393:
2386:
2368:
2271:military aircraft
2264:command structure
2244:armoured division
2233:Though the lower-
2215:urban environment
2188:
2187:
2080:Horses in warfare
2027:Anti-war movement
1930:Gunboat diplomacy
1920:Disaster response
1868:Philosophy of war
1863:Principles of war
1836:Deterrence theory
1781:Right of conquest
1704:Lanchester's laws
1472:Principles of war
1162:Counter-offensive
1142:Military campaign
1047:Target saturation
970:Counterinsurgency
579:Gun data computer
513:Close air support
475:Aircraft carriers
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3467:
3455:Armoured warfare
3441:
3432:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3308:
3299:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3273:. Archived from
3262:
3256:
3255:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3076:on 22 March 2016
3075:
3068:
3058:
3043:Maneuver warfare
2914:brown-water navy
2869:, or the Soviet
2857:Second World War
2831:creeping barrage
2775:In contrast the
2537:military force.
2457:The army of the
2389:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2326:
2294:
2286:
2180:
2173:
2166:
1935:Humanitarian aid
1873:Security dilemma
1694:Power projection
1477:Economy of force
1457:Chain of command
1172:Defence in depth
1157:Commerce raiding
975:Defeat in detail
291:Defense ministry
195:
186:
185:
176:
164:
163:
159:Syrian civil war
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3460:Warfare by type
3445:
3444:
3423:
3421:Further reading
3402:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3344:
3340:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3277:on 4 March 2016
3263:
3259:
3252:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3185:
3181:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3019:
2959:
2879:
2859:
2813:First World War
2809:
2807:First World War
2793:
2782:Mont-Saint-Jean
2753:
2751:Napoleonic Wars
2745:Napoleonic Wars
2741:La Grande Armée
2737:horse artillery
2581:
2534:
2479:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2333:"Combined arms"
2327:
2325:
2311:
2295:
2284:
2282:Ancient warfare
2222:William S. Lind
2184:
2155:
2154:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2060:
2052:
2051:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1955:Multilateralism
1940:Law enforcement
1900:
1890:
1889:
1858:Just war theory
1816:
1806:
1805:
1756:Geneva Protocol
1726:
1716:
1715:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1620:
1610:
1609:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1322:Network-centric
1242:
1232:
1231:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1010:Rapid dominance
915:
905:
904:
860:Electromagnetic
769:
759:
758:
745:
698:
646:
622:
612:
611:
607:Combat training
588:
565:
531:Combat systems:
527:
489:
485:Auxiliary ships
451:
411:
353:
276:
266:
265:
205:
179:
178:
177:
172:
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Combined arms"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3473:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3443:
3442:
3433:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3353:
3338:
3316:
3300:
3288:
3257:
3250:
3230:
3223:
3203:
3194:
3179:
3161:
3154:
3134:
3114:
3107:
3087:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3015:
2958:
2955:
2943:carpet bombing
2927:AirLand Battle
2878:
2877:Cold War years
2875:
2863:Heinz Guderian
2858:
2855:
2851:Central Powers
2817:trench warfare
2808:
2805:
2792:
2789:
2752:
2749:
2713:light infantry
2653:Hapsburg Spain
2580:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2533:
2530:
2478:
2475:
2392:
2391:
2298:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2256:reconnaissance
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2120:Military terms
2117:
2112:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1878:Tripwire force
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1400:Administrative
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:New generation
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:Fleet in being
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1240:Grand strategy
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:Scorched earth
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Deep operation
1096:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
946:
945:
940:
935:
925:
916:
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
900:Unconventional
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
848:
846:Disinformation
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
817:
816:
811:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
770:
765:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
751:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
739:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
697:
696:
695:
694:
693:
692:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
645:
644:
643:
642:
637:
632:
623:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
599:
597:Basic training
594:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
526:
525:
523:Reconnaissance
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
450:
449:
444:
442:Special forces
439:
434:
433:
432:
422:
417:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
352:
351:
342:
337:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
277:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
262:
261:
256:
246:
245:
244:
239:
229:
228:
227:
220:Post-classical
217:
212:
206:
201:
200:
197:
196:
188:
187:
169:
168:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3472:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3409:. Routledge.
3408:
3404:
3403:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3251:9781848325869
3247:
3243:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3224:9781844155996
3220:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3155:9781617842856
3151:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3108:9780813346298
3104:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3072:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Joint warfare
3021:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2802:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2767:commanded by
2766:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:light cavalry
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:pike and shot
2632:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2576:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2545:Mid-1346, at
2540:
2539:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:Carthaginians
2463:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:, whilst the
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2411:superiority.
2409:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2388:
2385:
2377:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335: –
2334:
2330:
2329:Find sources:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2299:This section
2297:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:Combined arms
2181:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Warrior caste
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1977:Show of force
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Peacebuilding
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:Air supremacy
1819:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Islamic rules
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:Court-martial
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Arms industry
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Combined-arms
3437:
3406:
3400:Bibliography
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3347:
3341:
3333:the original
3328:
3319:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:the original
3270:
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3188:
3182:
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3144:
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3128:
3123:
3117:
3097:
3090:
3080:29 September
3078:. Retrieved
3071:the original
3062:
3056:
3033:Organic unit
3006:
2994:VHF SINCGARS
2971:
2933:In the 1991
2932:
2925:
2891:
2881:In 1963 the
2880:
2860:
2827:fire support
2821:
2810:
2774:
2754:
2706:
2699:
2665:
2661:16th century
2646:
2638:
2631:15th century
2628:
2599:
2594:army of the
2589:
2582:
2569:
2556:
2544:
2535:
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2499:
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2456:
2452:
2416:Roman Legion
2413:
2406:
2395:
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2347:
2340:
2328:
2312:Please help
2300:
2275:naval forces
2268:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2190:
2189:
2090:Fifth column
2070:War resister
2065:Women in war
1960:Peacekeeping
1905:Arms control
1850:
1539:Mobilization
1534:Conscription
1492:Intelligence
1445:Organization
1086:
1015:Encirclement
895:Radiological
831:Conventional
825:
685:Subterranean
592:Development:
591:
568:
530:
492:
455:Naval units:
454:
447:Signal corps
414:
377:Intelligence
357:Specialties:
356:
281:Organization
232:Early modern
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2902:air assault
2894:Vietnam War
2871:deep battle
2835:air support
2801:Vietnam War
2769:Marshal Ney
2743:during the
2676:Takeda clan
2659:during the
2614:Landsknecht
2585:West Africa
2477:Middle Ages
2459:Han dynasty
2398:skirmishers
2374:August 2023
2199:combat arms
2075:War studies
1898:Non-warfare
1826:Appeasement
1791:Martial law
1630:War economy
1569:Transgender
1522:Recruitment
1282:Containment
1167:Culminating
1147:Anti-access
1070:Operational
990:Envelopment
933:Air assault
814:Air cavalry
774:Air defence
754:Information
655:Cold-region
620:Battlespace
569:Historical:
415:Land units:
321:Space force
316:Coast guard
249:Late modern
210:Prehistoric
157:during the
3449:Categories
3415:1857283937
3049:References
3002:gun-laying
2867:Blitzkrieg
2785:escarpment
2709:musketeers
2687:musketeers
2514:longbowmen
2344:newspapers
2260:helicopter
2135:War crimes
2125:Operations
2032:Foot drill
2002:Battle cry
1915:deterrence
1574:Harassment
1549:Specialism
1372:Technology
1367:Succession
1312:Liberation
1247:Asymmetric
1182:Empty fort
1088:Blitzkrieg
1057:Withdrawal
1020:Investment
799:Camouflage
794:Biological
732:Underwater
707:Amphibious
626:Aerospace
493:Air units:
470:Submarines
259:fourth-gen
254:industrial
242:napoleonic
110:April 2009
80:newspapers
2824:artillery
2721:artillery
2680:palisades
2639:colunelas
2629:The late
2617:mercenary
2601:gendarmes
2510:Agincourt
2487:sheltrons
2471:Sassanids
2428:principes
2301:does not
2252:artillery
2022:War novel
1925:Grey-zone
1885:War games
1846:Overmatch
1796:War crime
1746:Desertion
1736:Ceasefire
1731:Armistice
1618:Logistics
1596:Mercenary
1584:Volunteer
1515:Personnel
1487:Engineers
1432:Sociology
1387:World war
1382:Total war
1362:Strategic
1352:Religious
1337:Political
1332:Perpetual
1307:Irregular
1222:Offensive
1197:Defensive
1192:Deception
1152:Attrition
1000:Guerrilla
995:Formation
938:Airbridge
870:Loitering
784:Artillery
437:Artillery
372:Engineers
335:Irregular
306:Air force
3158:. Set 2.
3017:See also
2935:Gulf War
2717:dragoons
2684:ashigaru
2672:Oda clan
2655:and the
2506:Poitiers
2402:hoplites
2207:infantry
2203:military
2037:War song
2012:War film
1645:Materiel
1564:Children
1544:Training
1482:Medicine
1467:Doctrine
1422:Training
1357:Resource
1342:Princely
1292:Economic
1277:Conquest
1272:Colonial
1267:Cold war
1252:Blockade
1132:Strategy
1104:Maneuver
865:Infantry
821:Chemical
675:Mountain
635:Airborne
498:Fighters
465:Warships
420:Infantry
362:Rifleman
326:Reserves
274:Military
139:Infantry
3281:5 April
2729:militia
2725:brigade
2697:range.
2691:samurai
2648:tercios
2620:pikemen
2481:At the
2448:equites
2444:phalanx
2440:triarii
2424:hastati
2420:velites
2358:scholar
2322:removed
2307:sources
2235:echelon
2195:warfare
2150:Writers
2145:Weapons
2110:Battles
2059:Related
2047:Wargame
2042:Uniform
1990:Culture
1771:Perfidy
1766:Justice
1687:Science
1672:Outpost
1625:History
1605:Warrior
1601:Soldier
1589:foreign
1527:counter
1427:Service
1377:Theater
1317:Limited
1297:Endemic
1212:Nuclear
980:Foxhole
955:Cavalry
943:Airdrop
928:Airlift
913:Tactics
885:Nuclear
875:Missile
804:Cavalry
789:Barrage
767:Weapons
727:Surface
508:Command
503:Bombers
460:Frogman
430:Cavalry
387:Medical
349:Militia
331:Regular
311:Marines
225:castles
215:Ancient
203:History
182:outline
94:scholar
3413:
3248:
3221:
3152:
3105:
2982:JSTARS
2606:knight
2596:Valois
2592:French
2432:swords
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2258:, and
2240:ad hoc
2213:in an
2211:armour
2130:Sieges
1814:Theory
1554:Morale
1412:Policy
1407:Branch
1187:Mosaic
1177:Fabian
1119:Covert
1052:Trench
1037:Screen
960:Charge
950:Battle
923:Aerial
841:Denial
809:Horses
737:Seabed
690:Tunnel
670:Jungle
660:Desert
630:Aerial
397:Diving
392:Police
147:aerial
145:, and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3074:(PDF)
3067:(PDF)
2984:(for
2976:(for
2974:AWACS
2839:tanks
2723:in a
2695:melee
2610:Swiss
2502:Crécy
2365:JSTOR
2351:books
2201:of a
2103:Lists
1559:Women
1497:Ranks
1417:Staff
1347:Proxy
1262:Class
1217:Naval
1202:Depth
1032:Swarm
1025:Siege
1005:Naval
985:Drone
880:Music
855:Robot
851:Drone
836:Cyber
779:Armor
749:Cyber
722:Green
717:Brown
680:Urban
640:Space
561:Radar
556:Sonar
425:Armor
407:Pilot
402:Comms
382:Recon
367:Staff
340:Ranks
143:armor
101:JSTOR
87:books
3411:ISBN
3283:2017
3246:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3103:ISBN
3082:2014
2918:USAF
2916:and
2892:The
2719:and
2612:and
2590:The
2508:and
2469:and
2436:pila
2434:and
2426:and
2337:news
2305:any
2303:cite
2248:tank
2209:and
2140:Wars
1657:Base
1207:Goal
1114:Raid
712:Blue
650:Land
301:Navy
296:Army
73:news
2990:GPS
2988:),
2980:),
2865:'s
2833:),
2651:of
2608:),
2316:by
2273:or
1724:Law
1667:FOB
1662:MOB
702:Sea
174:War
56:by
3451::
3327:.
3303:^
3291:^
3269:.
3164:^
2992:,
2937:,
2853:.
2747:.
2715:,
2711:,
2663:.
2626:.
2504:,
2266:.
2254:,
2250:,
1603:/
853:/
347:/
333:/
141:,
3285:.
3254:.
3227:.
3111:.
3084:.
2387:)
2381:(
2376:)
2372:(
2362:·
2355:·
2348:·
2341:·
2324:.
2310:.
2179:e
2172:t
2165:v
184:)
180:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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