1085:, and a former student of Commager, corresponded with Morison and Commager at the time, in an effort to get them to change their textbook; he reported that Morison "just didn't get it" and in particular did not understand the negative effects that the Sambo stereotype was having on young impressionable students. On the other hand, Meier found that Commager, although at first woefully unaware of black history, was openminded on the subject and willing to learn and change. Morison did not agree to remove Sambo until the fifth edition, which appeared in 1962.
1048:, first published in 1930. (Although Morison was responsible for the textbook's controversial section on slavery and references to the slave as "Sambo", and Commager was the junior member of the writing team when the book was first published and always deferred to Morison's greater age and academic stature, Commager has not been spared from charges of racism in this matter.) The textbook was attacked for its uncritical depiction of slavery in America and its depiction of African-American life after emancipation and during
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855:
759:. Commager's biographer Neil Jumonville has argued that this style of influential public history has been lost in the 21st century, because political correctness has rejected Commager's open marketplace of tough ideas. Jumonville says history now features abstruse deconstruction by experts, with statistics instead of stories, and is comprehensible now only to the initiated, with ethnocentrism ruling in place of common identity.
1066:, relying on the one-sided personal records of slaveowners and portraying slavery as a mainly benign institution. As the historian Herbert Gutman said, this scholarship focused on the question: "What did slavery do for the slave?" Its answer was that slavery lifted the slaves out of the barbarism of Africa, Christianized them, protected them, and generally benefited them. In 1944, the
739:. Although he was skilled at scholarly research and analysis, he preferred to devise and expound sweeping interpretations of historical events and processes, while also making available primary sources so that people could study history for themselves. Commager was representative of a generation of like-minded historians widely read by the general public, including
44:
1078:, which he claimed were vital in understanding the racist nature of American culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an era when even the most enlightened progressive thinkers routinely explained many aspects of human behavior as being a result of innate racial or ethnic characteristics.
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With
Richard B. Morris, he also co-edited the highly influential New American Nation Series, a multi-volume collaborative history of the United States under whose aegis appeared many significant and prize-winning works of historical scholarship. (This series was a successor to the American Nation
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Commager's lifelong advocacy of intellectual freedom, popular knowledge, and the historical interpretation of contemporary issues has had long-lasting influence on scholars and public advocates, though over the years his politics has been seen as either too liberal or too conservative by various
802:
Commager wrote hundreds of essays and opinion pieces on history or presenting a historical perspective on current issues for popular magazines and newspapers. He collected many of the best of these articles and essays in such books as
635:'s uses of judicial review to strike down economic regulatory legislation in the first decades of the twentieth century. Later, Commager espoused the use of judicial review by the Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice
730:
Commager felt a duty as a professional historian to reach out to his fellow citizens. He believed that an educated public that understands
American history would support liberal programs, especially internationalism and the
675:(1938), reaching its tenth edition (co-edited with his former student Milton Cantor) in 1988, half a century after its first appearance, remains a standard collection work of primary sources. His two documentary histories,
1092:, an intellectual leader on the right, ridiculed Commager as suffering "the liberal neurosis" for stating that America is suffering repression "more violent, more reckless, more dangerous than any in our history."
951:
Although at first
Commager was not deeply concerned with race, he became an advocate for civil rights for African Americans, as he was for other groups. In 1949 he fought to allow the African-American historian
477:
in 1928. The couple had three children: Henry Steele
Commager Jr. (1932–1984), known as Steele Commager, who became a classicist at Columbia University and wrote one of the leading books on the Roman poet
353:(October 25, 1902 – March 2, 1998) was an American historian. As one of the most active and prolific liberal intellectuals of his time, with 40 books and 700 essays and reviews, he helped define
1074:, a former President of the NAACP), reluctantly agreed to most of the demanded changes. Morison refused, however, to remove repeated references to the anti-abolitionist caricature of
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launched criticism of the textbook; by 1950, under pressure from students and younger colleagues, Morison, denying any racist intent (he noted that his daughter had been married to
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714:(New York: Harper & Row, 1967). When he moved to Amherst, an elite undergraduate college, he no longer mentored PhD candidates, but he mentored undergraduates, including
2405:
3011:
770:, which he understood as creating a powerful general government that at the same time recognized a wide spectrum of individual rights and liberties. Commager opposed
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840:
detractors. He is ranked among such other great historians of his time as Arthur
Schlesinger, Jr., Allan Nevins, Richard Hofstadter, and Samuel Eliot Morrison .
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601:; it was reissued in 1960, along with a volume edited by Commager collecting the best known of Parker's many writings. Two characteristic books were his 1950
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1967:
623:, but also worked in the fields of constitutional and political history. His work on this subject includes his 1943 series of controversial lectures,
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582:, Massachusetts. Commager emphasized to his generations of students that historians must write not only for one another but for a wider audience.
434:, the son of James Williams and Anne Elizabeth (Dan) Commager. After his mother died when he was ten, he was raised by his maternal grandfather in
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He often was interviewed on television news programs and public-affairs documentaries to provide historical perspective on such events as the
410:(1950), which focuses on the evolution of liberalism in the American political mind from the 1880s to the 1940s, and his intellectual history
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778:(on constitutional grounds), and what he saw as the rampant illegalities and unconstitutionalities perpetrated by the administrations of
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1013:, conservation of natural resources, disarmament, the world's oceans, and the peaceful exploration of outer space, among other things.
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710:. They joined together in 1967 to present him with a festschrift, or commemorative collection of essays, dedicated to him, titled
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1957:
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At
Columbia, Commager mentored a series of distinguished historians who earned their PhD degrees under his tutelage, including
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1962:
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974:, but at the time he was not persuaded that this litigation would succeed on historical grounds, and so advised the lawyers.
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2202:
1889:
687:), are comprehensive collections of primary sources on the Civil War and the American Revolution as seen by participants.
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to protect racial and religious minorities from discrimination and to safeguard individual liberties as protected by the
2012:
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418:; ten editions were published between 1938 and 1988, the last coedited with Commager's former student, Milton Cantor.
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received vigorous criticism from
African-American intellectuals and other scholars for their popular textbook
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that no moneys can be spent by the federal government except those specifically appropriated by
Congress.
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from 1956 to 1992. He retired in 1992 from the John
Woodruff Simpson Lectureship, and died, aged 95, in
1230:
763:
528:
482:; Elizabeth Carroll Commager; and Nellie Thomas McColl Commager (now Nell Lasch, wife of the historian
467:
1988:
review of Neil
Jumonville, Henry Steele Commager: Midcentury Liberalism And The History Of The Present
1972:
1945:
505:
In 1979, Commager married Mary Powlesland, a professor in Latin American studies, in Linton, England.
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Cramer, Benjamin W. (2015). "Commager, Henry Steele". In Chapman, Roger; Ciment, James (eds.).
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1052:. The original editions of the textbook published between 1930 and 1942 echoed the thesis of
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series planned and edited at the beginning of the twentieth century by the Harvard historian
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718:, who later became a historian of the U.S. Constitution and a specialist in the era of the
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1301:"Scholarship and Engagement: Henry Steele Commager as Historian and Public Intellectual"
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The Spirit of Seventy-six: The Story of The American Revolution as Told by Participants
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953:
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373:
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The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s
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1016:
When drafting the document Commager was assisted by an "Advisory Committee" including
998:, Philadelphia, by several members of Congress. It was also "endorsed" by a number of
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The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s
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1997:
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2003:
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on October 24, 1975. It was signed in a ceremonial signing on January 30, 1976, at
786:. One favorite cause was his campaign to point out that, because the budget of the
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632:
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The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Character Thought Since the 1880s
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2319:
2016:
1807:
Jumonville, Neil (1996). "The Origin of Henry Steele Commager's Activist Ideas".
1660:
715:
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628:
598:
571:
400:
377:
338:
296:
270:
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The Empire of Reason: How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment
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The Empire of Reason: How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment
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2709:
2704:
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1978:
1732:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Abingdon, England: Routledge. pp. 138–139.
1713:
2920:
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2314:
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2009:
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1492:"Henry Steele Commager (1902–1998): An American Mind in the American Century"
991:
783:
779:
575:
535:. Under the influence of his mentor at Chicago, the constitutional historian
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for a year researching his dissertation on the political reform movement in
412:
Empire of Reason: How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment
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1982:
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Henry Steele Commager: Midcentury Liberalism and the History of the Present
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1021:
1017:
744:
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590:
431:
369:
286:
1200:
The Defeat of America: War, Presidential Power, and the National Character
1116:(Oxford University Press, 1980; rev. 1983) (with Samuel Eliot Morison and
2764:
2724:
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2664:
2624:
2608:
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1705:
America in the Twentieth Century: A Study of the United States Since 1917
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The Blue and the Gray: The Story of the Civil War as Told by Participants
821:
The Defeat of America: War, Presidential Power and the National Character
775:
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1214:(Garden City, NY: Anchor Press / Doubleday, 1977, and later reprintings)
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1836:
1136:
The Heritage of America: Readings in American History for High Schools
683:(the latter co-edited with his longtime friend and Columbia colleague
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509:
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In the 1940s and 1950s, Commager was noted for his campaigns against
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1820:
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732:
439:
1848:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
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1498:. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida State University. Archived from
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1081:
August A. Meier, a young professor at a black southern college,
426:
Commager was born Henry Irving Commager on October 25, 1902, in
1194:
Freedom and Order: A Commentary on the American Political Scene
1188:
The Search for a Usable Past and Other Essays in Historiography
813:
Freedom and Order: A Commentary on the American Political Scene
809:
The Search for a Usable Past and Other Essays in Historiography
479:
178:
1730:
Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices
543:. Another of his mentors was the colonial American historian
1991:
1067:
162:
1861:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 108–109.
1382:
667:, 1980; abridged editions in 1980 and 1983 under the title
2224:
1370:
539:, Commager shifted his research and teaching interests to
414:(1977). In addition, he edited a widely used compilation,
396:
and what he viewed as their abuses of presidential power.
1954:
at the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections
1853:
Roots, E. Brian (1994). "Commager, Henry Steele Jr.". In
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1459:
1447:
1435:
399:
His principal scholarly works were his 1936 biography of
170:
1896:. Vol. 221, no. 13. p. 42. Archived from
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1320:
1318:
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964:
asked Commager for advice for their argument before the
557:
The Marcus W. Jernegan Essays in American Historiography
512:
at the age of ninety-five on March 2, 1998, in Amherst.
2972:
Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professors of American History
1625:
1471:
960:
and agreed to introduce him to the group. In 1953 the
1859:
Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists
1582:"Henry Steele Commager: American Public Intellectual"
1514:
1315:
1423:
1178:(1955) (with Eugene Barker and Walter Prescott Webb)
1104:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1930). 7th ed.:
3012:
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
879:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
663:(1930; 1937; 1942; 1950, 1962; 1969; 7th ed., with
473:Commager married Evan Alexa Carroll (died 1968) of
372:, Commager helped to organize academic support for
2002:is available for free viewing and download at the
1973:Henry Steele Commager Official Site (2013 archive)
1152:(1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
585:Commager's first solo book was his 1936 biography
1679:
977:
2918:
1291:
1289:
486:). Evan Commager wrote several books, including
1999:Longines Chronoscope with Henry Steele Commager
524:, and wrote his PhD dissertation on the Danish
364:and other abuses of government power. With his
1963:Amherst College: Henry Steele Commager Project
1220:(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993)
825:Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment.
790:is classified, it violates the requirement of
619:; he was influenced by the literary historian
559:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937).
2210:
1286:
1206:Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment
615:Commager was principally an intellectual and
2020:Memory and Imagination: New Pathways to the
1266:
1264:
1262:
184:Struensee and the Reform Movement in Denmark
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
2217:
2203:
2010:http://www.mlfilms.com/productions/m_and_i
1921:. Vol. 20, no. 5. Archived from
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1806:
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1441:
1405:"Collection: Henry Steele Commager Papers"
1399:
1397:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
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1336:
1324:
1253:
1114:A Concise History of the American Republic
762:Commager was a liberal interpreter of the
384:and was an outspoken critic of presidents
42:
1489:
1295:
1274:. Amherst, Massachusetts: Amherst College
1259:
939:Learn how and when to remove this message
627:, which argued for a curtailed scope for
2947:Academics of the University of Cambridge
1884:
1655:
1526:
1145:
1095:
1009:The document stressed the importance of
669:Concise History of the American Republic
650:
1958:1967 St. Louis Literary Award Recipient
1766:Green, John Raeburn (1944). "Review of
1749:Race: The History of an Idea in America
1746:
1631:
1394:
117: 1928; died 1968)
14:
2919:
2227:Modern liberalism in the United States
1727:
1708:. London: Cambridge University Press.
1579:
1565:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1520:
1126:(1934 and later editions through 1988)
988:World Affairs Councils of Philadelphia
355:modern liberalism in the United States
2198:
1975:, Copyright 2000-2013 - Mary Commager
1948:at the Database of Classical Scholars
1852:
1765:
1751:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1701:
1685:
1477:
1429:
996:Independence National Historical Park
631:, pointing out on the history of the
2982:Historians of the American Civil War
2147:American Academy of Arts and Letters
1912:
877:adding citations to reliable sources
848:
835:crisis. Benjamin W. Cramer states:
1176:The Standard Building of Our Nation
1106:The Growth of the American Republic
1102:Oxford History of the United States
1046:The Growth of the American Republic
1004:United Nations specialized agencies
661:The Growth of the American Republic
24:
3007:20th-century American male writers
1877:
659:, of the widely used history text
25:
3023:
1968:Henry Steele Commager (1902-1998)
1939:
1768:Majority Rule and Minority Rights
1149:Majority Rule And Minority Rights
1112:). Revised and abridged edition:
625:Majority Rule and Minority Rights
2942:20th-century American historians
2900:
1915:"Black History Black Mythology?"
1661:"Is Academic Freedom in Danger?"
1130:Theodore Parker: Yankee Crusader
853:
587:Theodore Parker: Yankee Crusader
547:, for whom he later co-edited a
2987:Historians of the United States
2937:20th-century American essayists
1649:
1604:
1573:
1483:
1146:Commager, Henry Steele (1943).
958:Southern Historical Association
864:needs additional citations for
844:
792:Article One of the Constitution
446:and earned degrees in history:
132:
114:
1694:
1000:non-governmental organizations
984:Declaration of Interdependence
978:Declaration of Interdependence
531:, a major reformer during the
27:American historian (1902–1998)
13:
1:
2115:Professor of American History
1770:, by Henry Steele Commager".
1490:Lindstrom, Andy (Fall 1999).
1236:
1124:Documents of American History
725:
673:Documents of American History
597:, reformer, and abolitionist
421:
416:Documents of American History
313:Documents of American History
2997:University of Chicago alumni
2977:Historians from Pennsylvania
1952:Henry Steele Commager Papers
1241:
1035:
817:The Commonwealth of Learning
774:in the 1940s and 1950s, the
655:Commager was coauthor, with
520:Commager originally studied
7:
2992:New York University faculty
2967:Columbia University faculty
2851:and political organizations
1913:Chew, Peter (August 1969).
1747:Gossett, Thomas F. (1997).
1224:
1040:Commager and his co-author
971:Brown v. Board of Education
788:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
3028:
2084:Pitt Professor of American
2015:December 16, 2014, at the
1702:Adams, D. K. (1967).
1231:Herbert Baxter Adams Prize
986:, and presented it to the
956:to present a paper at the
570:from 1939 to 1956, and at
529:Johann Friedrich Struensee
468:Johann Friedrich Struensee
2898:
2885:American Solidarity Party
2848:
2617:
2569:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
2431:
2338:
2282:
2234:
2183:
2174:
2166:
2156:
2144:
2140:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
2136:
2131:
2121:
2110:
2102:
2092:
2081:
2068:
2063:
2053:
2044:
2036:
2031:
1170:Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent
1064:William Archibald Dunning
982:In 1975 Commager wrote a
805:Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent
797:
681:The Spirit of Seventy-Six
515:
344:
334:
305:
279:
253:
224:
216:
211:
190:
177:
154:
149:
145:
95:
76:
50:
41:
34:
2849:Major political parties
2113:Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth
2086:History and Institutions
962:NAACP Legal Defense Fund
3002:Writers from Pittsburgh
2962:Amherst College faculty
2952:American male essayists
2879:Rockefeller Republicans
2790:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2618:Significant politicians
1844:—— (1999).
1667:. Time, Inc. p. 91
1367:, pp. 9–10, 13–14.
1218:Commager on Tocqueville
1118:William E. Leuchtenburg
1062:and the scholarship of
1060:Ulrich Bonnell Phillips
888:"Henry Steele Commager"
708:William E. Leuchtenburg
665:William E. Leuchtenburg
382:opposed the Vietnam War
292:William E. Leuchtenburg
203:Vernon Louis Parrington
2889:economic progressivism
2740:Fiorello H. La Guardia
2635:William Jennings Bryan
2599:William Monroe Trotter
2529:Martin Luther King Jr.
2484:John Kenneth Galbraith
2300:Economic progressivism
1890:"The Public Professor"
1888:(September 27, 1999).
1586:Harvard Square Library
1055:American Negro Slavery
842:
753:Arthur Schlesinger Jr.
566:from 1926 to 1939, at
448:Bachelor of Philosophy
376:in 1952 and 1956, and
88:Amherst, Massachusetts
2805:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2735:Robert M. La Follette
2459:Henry Steele Commager
2356:Civil rights movement
2267:Social market economy
1979:Henry Steele Commager
1946:Henry Steele Commager
1772:California Law Review
1297:Bernstein, R. B.
1272:"Commager Chronology"
1096:Selected publications
837:
831:Moon landing and the
737:Franklin D. Roosevelt
677:The Blue and the Gray
651:Textbooks and editing
444:University of Chicago
351:Henry Steele Commager
159:University of Chicago
55:Henry Irving Commager
36:Henry Steele Commager
2361:Classical liberalism
2125:Ray Allen Billington
2096:Roy Franklin Nichols
2057:Howard Mumford Jones
1502:on December 23, 2010
1184:(1958) - two volumes
1110:Samuel Eliot Morison
1042:Samuel Eliot Morison
873:improve this article
741:Samuel Eliot Morison
716:R. B. Bernstein
693:Albert Bushnell Hart
657:Samuel Eliot Morison
645:Fourteenth Amendment
621:Vernon L. Parrington
603:intellectual history
553:William T. Hutchison
537:Andrew C. McLaughlin
458:(1928). He lived in
456:Doctor of Philosophy
405:intellectual history
339:R. B. Bernstein
198:Andrew C. McLaughlin
71:, Pennsylvania, U.S.
2957:American Unitarians
2863:Progressive Party (
2489:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
2432:Significant figures
2386:Liberal Republicans
2257:Christian democracy
2022:Library of Congress
1900:on January 12, 2012
1855:Briggs, Ward W. Jr.
1809:The History Teacher
1657:Chambers, Whittaker
1592:on February 4, 2012
1391:, pp. 23, 261.
1072:Joel Elias Spingarn
720:American Revolution
608:and his 1977 study
568:Columbia University
564:New York University
562:Commager taught at
366:Columbia University
266:Columbia University
261:New York University
150:Academic background
2810:Theodore Roosevelt
2795:Nelson Rockefeller
2524:Coretta Scott King
2504:Richard Hofstadter
2464:William O. Douglas
2177:Bruce Catton Prize
2160:Barbara W. Tuchman
2106:Lawrence H. Gipson
2073:Title last held by
1580:Jumonville, Neil.
1496:Research in Review
1090:Whittaker Chambers
1088:On June 22, 1953,
1030:Archibald MacLeish
954:John Hope Franklin
749:Richard Hofstadter
712:Freedom and Reform
671:). His anthology,
617:cultural historian
545:Marcus W. Jernegan
442:. He attended the
374:Adlai E. Stevenson
2914:
2913:
2907:Liberalism portal
2860:(since the 1930s)
2800:Eleanor Roosevelt
2720:Robert F. Kennedy
2700:Lyndon B. Johnson
2549:Thurgood Marshall
2381:Liberal coalition
2295:Equal opportunity
2247:Social liberalism
2193:
2192:
2184:Succeeded by
2170:Richard B. Morris
2157:Succeeded by
2122:Succeeded by
2093:Succeeded by
2064:Academic offices
2054:Succeeded by
2032:Religious titles
1925:on March 27, 2006
1919:American Heritage
1868:978-0-313-24560-2
1758:978-0-19-802582-5
1739:978-1-317-47351-0
1659:(June 22, 1953).
1480:, pp. 251ff.
1379:, pp. 13–14.
1011:international law
949:
948:
941:
923:
685:Richard B. Morris
595:transcendentalist
508:Commager died of
484:Christopher Lasch
386:Lyndon B. Johnson
348:
347:
319:The American Mind
280:Doctoral students
16:(Redirected from
3019:
2908:
2904:
2858:Democratic Party
2840:Ralph Yarborough
2825:Elizabeth Warren
2820:Henry A. Wallace
2509:Patricia Ireland
2499:Fannie Lou Hamer
2469:W. E. B. Du Bois
2310:Internationalism
2305:Environmentalism
2252:Social democracy
2228:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2167:Preceded by
2137:Preceded by
2103:Preceded by
2040:T. V. Smith
2037:Preceded by
2029:
2028:
2004:Internet Archive
1934:
1932:
1930:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1894:The New Republic
1872:
1849:
1840:
1803:
1762:
1743:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:"Historiography"
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1588:. Archived from
1577:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1547:on July 30, 2013
1543:. Archived from
1537:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
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1328:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1257:
1251:
1153:
1083:Tougaloo College
1026:Leonard Woodcock
968:for the case of
944:
937:
933:
930:
924:
922:
881:
857:
849:
757:C. Vann Woodward
633:US Supreme Court
589:, a life of the
541:American history
325:Empire of Reason
136:
134:
118:
116:
83:
65:October 25, 1902
64:
62:
46:
32:
31:
21:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2894:
2850:
2844:
2815:Harry S. Truman
2760:George McGovern
2755:Eugene McCarthy
2715:John F. Kennedy
2690:Hubert Humphrey
2675:Michael Dukakis
2655:Hillary Clinton
2613:
2594:Lionel Trilling
2584:Sonia Sotomayor
2427:
2418:Progressive Era
2391:Neoconservatism
2351:1960s and 1970s
2334:
2320:Social equality
2283:Core principles
2278:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2189:
2180:
2172:
2162:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2074:
2059:
2050:
2042:
2017:Wayback Machine
1996:The short film
1942:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1903:
1901:
1880:
1878:Further reading
1875:
1869:
1784:10.2307/3477586
1759:
1740:
1718:
1716:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1654:
1650:
1644:Jumonville 1999
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1574:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1541:"Archived copy"
1539:
1538:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1466:Jumonville 1999
1464:
1460:
1454:Jumonville 1999
1452:
1448:
1442:Jumonville 1999
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1411:. March 1, 2023
1409:Amherst College
1403:
1402:
1395:
1389:Jumonville 1999
1387:
1383:
1377:Jumonville 1999
1375:
1371:
1365:Jumonville 1999
1363:
1359:
1355:, pp. 7–8.
1353:Jumonville 1999
1351:
1347:
1341:Jumonville 1999
1339:, p. 224;
1337:Jumonville 1996
1335:
1331:
1325:Jumonville 1999
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1294:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1254:Jumonville 1999
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1227:
1098:
1038:
980:
945:
934:
928:
925:
882:
880:
870:
858:
847:
800:
728:
704:Leonard W. Levy
653:
629:judicial review
599:Theodore Parker
572:Amherst College
518:
424:
401:Theodore Parker
378:John F. Kennedy
330:
301:
297:Leonard W. Levy
275:
271:Amherst College
207:
141:
138:
135: 1979)
130:
126:
125:Mary Powlesland
120:
112:
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85:
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2843:
2842:
2837:
2835:Woodrow Wilson
2832:
2830:Paul Wellstone
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2770:Walter Mondale
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2710:Estes Kefauver
2707:
2705:Barbara Jordan
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Pete Buttigieg
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Gloria Steinem
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2564:Walter Reuther
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2539:Michael Lerner
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2494:Samuel Gompers
2491:
2486:
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2471:
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2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Louis Brandeis
2446:
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2363:
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2353:
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2333:
2332:
2327:
2325:Social justice
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Egalitarianism
2286:
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2109:
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2100:
2099:
2094:
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2080:
2077:Dexter Perkins
2072:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2007:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1940:External links
1938:
1936:
1935:
1910:
1886:Brinkley, Alan
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1850:
1841:
1821:10.2307/494742
1815:(2): 223–241.
1804:
1778:(1): 111–118.
1763:
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1738:
1725:
1698:
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1648:
1646:, p. 147.
1636:
1634:, p. 497.
1624:
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1523:, p. 139.
1513:
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1037:
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776:war in Vietnam
768:Bill of Rights
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522:Danish history
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492:Tenth Birthday
475:South Carolina
452:Master of Arts
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2544:Rachel Maddow
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2527:
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2514:Jesse Jackson
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2500:
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2479:Betty Friedan
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2401:New Democrats
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2330:Welfare state
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2315:Mixed economy
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2274:American Left
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2242:Progressivism
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2197:
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2187:Edmund Morgan
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2048:
2047:Ware Lecturer
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2018:
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862:This article
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784:Ronald Reagan
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780:Richard Nixon
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2579:Susan Sontag
2554:Pauli Murray
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254:Institutions
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2932:1998 deaths
2927:1902 births
2775:Tip O'Neill
2765:Harvey Milk
2725:Ted Kennedy
2670:Howard Dean
2665:Mario Cuomo
2625:Bella Abzug
2609:Earl Warren
2574:Al Sharpton
2444:Jane Addams
2423:Vietnam War
2151:in History
1695:Works cited
1671:February 2,
1596:October 25,
1521:Cramer 2015
772:McCarthyism
637:Earl Warren
549:festschrift
526:philosopher
362:McCarthyism
315:(1938–1988)
2921:Categories
2745:John Lewis
2730:John Kerry
2604:Gore Vidal
2559:John Rawls
2474:Betty Ford
2149:Gold Medal
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1929:August 23,
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1686:Green 1944
1617:August 23,
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1278:August 23,
1237:References
1058:(1918) by
899:newspapers
726:Liberalism
593:minister,
460:Copenhagen
428:Pittsburgh
422:Background
368:colleague
335:Influenced
217:Discipline
191:Influences
69:Pittsburgh
61:1902-10-25
2630:Joe Biden
2406:Third Way
2371:Fair Deal
1829:1945-2292
1792:1942-6542
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1242:Citations
1036:Criticism
833:Watergate
829:Apollo 11
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510:pneumonia
500:Valentine
155:Education
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2396:New Deal
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1721:2020
1710:OCLC
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