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no complement left in the serum. However, if no antibodies against the antigen of interest are present, the complement will not be depleted and it will react with the sRBC-antibody complexes added in step 4, lysing the sRBCs and spilling their contents into the solution, thereby turning the solution pink.
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If the patient's serum contains antibodies against the antigen of interest, they will bind to the antigen in step 3 to form antigen-antibody complexes. The complement proteins will react with these complexes and be depleted. Thus when the sRBC-antibody complexes are added in step 4, there will be
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While detection of antibodies is the most common test format, it is equally possible to test for the presence of antigen. In this case, the patient's serum is supplemented with specific antibody to induce formation of complexes; addition of complement and indicator sRBC is performed as before.
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is a system of serum proteins that react with antigen-antibody complexes. If this reaction occurs on a cell surface, it will result in the formation of trans-membrane pores and therefore destruction of the cell. The basic steps of a complement fixation test are as follows:
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Patients naturally have different levels of complement proteins in their serum. To negate any effects this might have on the test, the complement proteins in the patient's serum must be destroyed and replaced by a known amount of standardized complement proteins.
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occurs. It was widely used to diagnose infections, particularly with microbes that are not easily detected by culture methods, and in rheumatic diseases. However, in clinical diagnostics labs it has been largely superseded by other serological methods such as
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The serum is heated in such a way that all of the complement proteins—but none of the antibodies—within it are destroyed. (This is possible because complement proteins are much more susceptible to destruction by heat than
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The test can be made quantitative by setting up a series of dilutions of patient serum and determining the highest dilution factor that will still yield a positive CF test. This dilution factor corresponds to the
123:(sRBCs) which have been pre-bound to anti-sRBC antibodies are added to the serum. The test is considered negative if the solution turns pink at this point and positive otherwise.
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A known amount of standard complement proteins are added to the serum. (These proteins are frequently obtained from guinea pig serum.)
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test that can be used to detect the presence of either specific
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and by DNA-based methods of pathogen detection, particularly
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171:"Animation Quiz 4 - Complement Fixation Test"
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194:. Alpha Science Int'l Ltd. pp. 112–.
228:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
43:A schematic of a complement fixation test
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352:Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique
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33:detects specific antigen or antibody
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141:Semi-quantitative testing
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432:Complement fixation test
230:Medical Subject Headings
175:highered.mheducation.com
49:complement fixation test
307:Radial immunodiffusion
191:Immunology: a textbook
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422:Diagnostic immunology
312:Immunoelectrophoresis
188:C. Vaman Rao (2005).
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442:Immunohistochemistry
437:Immunocytochemistry
406:Latex fixation test
284:Immunoprecipitation
132:Testing for antigen
72:complement fixation
70:, based on whether
18:Complement-fixation
372:Immunofluorescence
367:Radiobinding assay
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500:Immunologic tests
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459:Skin allergy test
201:978-1-84265-255-8
93:complement system
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277:86000–86849)
205:. Retrieved
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108:antibodies.)
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62:or specific
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495:Blood tests
399:Coombs test
329:Immunoassay
489:Categories
464:Patch test
271:immunology
207:3 December
154:References
357:RAST test
269:used in
60:antibody
347:ELISpot
87:Process
64:antigen
56:medical
30:Purpose
474:MELISA
232:(MeSH)
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119:Sheep
51:is an
415:Other
342:ELISA
148:titer
77:ELISA
68:serum
209:2010
196:ISBN
91:The
47:The
275:CPT
81:PCR
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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