63:, has made scholars to name this social phenomenon as oriental. The religious thought and the use of vernacular Koine Greek, full of innovative orthography, syntax and grammar, suggests that they may also represent something at the root of religion in
75:. According to Schnabel E.J it was a counter-move prompted by the increasing success of the Christian missionaries. Indeed, beside the scheme of confession and redemption, the phraseology and terms are reminiscent of Greek
343:
According to George Petzl, a trial of sacred theatre did take place in the sanctuary; Theodoros was convicted and jailed. Zeus was impersonated by a priest. According to Ender
Varinlioglu,
697:
Human
Transgression – Divine Retribution A study of religious transgressions and punishments in Greek cultic regulations and Lydian-Phrygian reconciliation inscriptions by Aslak Rostad
637:
548:
518:
529:
119:(king). Another point for discussion is the punishment of sexual transgressions, which further relates the inscriptions to Christianity and the concept of
421:
762:
349:(jail) is used metaphorically. Blindness was the jail or punishment upon Theodoros in order to be saved from his licentious sexual activities.
441:
683:
Divine
Tyranny and Public Humiliation: A Suggestion for the Interpretation of the Lydian and Phrygian Confession Inscription Schnabel E.J
598:
460:
420:
Angels and
Principalities: The Background, Meaning and Development of the Pauline Phrase hai archai kai hai exousiai A. Wesley Carr
737:
634:
545:
526:
515:
742:
704:
Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor by
Stephen Mitchell Volume I The Celts in Anatolia and the Impact of Roman Rule
672:. Cambridge Classical Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. pp. 151–86. doi:10.1017/9781316662403.005.
767:
732:
727:
586:
448:
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717:
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Hughes, Jessica. “Punishing Bodies: The Lydian and
Phrygian ‘Propitiatory’ Stelai, Second–Third Centuries AD”. In:
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682:
772:
123:
in
Hellenistic philosophy and religion, in contrast to the previous perception of sexuality inside the religion (
687:
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The curse of the law and the crisis in
Galatia: reassessing the purpose of Galatians by Todd A Wilson
39:
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50:
46:
35:
8:
175:
128:
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Asked by the senate, I am merciful because my stele was erected on the day I appointed.
688:
Under the watchful eyes of the gods: divine justice in
Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor
132:
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72:
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ZEUS: Look! I have blinded him for his sins. But since he has appeased the gods
71:. Marijana Ricl has argued that the practice of confession is a reminiscence of
747:
440:
Deutungen des Todes Jesu im neuen
Testament edited by Jörg Frey, Jens Schröter
98:
138:
Some indicating names or epithets of deities engaged in the inscriptions are:
711:
335:
You may open the jail, I set the convict free, a year and ten months passing.
295:
76:
124:
139:
23:
394:
Do not enter the place impure, after committing perjury or having sex.
498:
564:
492:
344:
319:
278:
179:
151:
90:
318:
THEODOROS: I ask for Zeus's help (verbatim I have Zeus intercessor,
300:
THEODOROS: Second sin. Although I was a slave of the gods at Nonos,
578:
The Greco-Roman East: politics, culture, society By Stephen Colvin
171:
167:
163:
120:
114:
31:
352:
271:
187:
155:
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GOD: I punished Theodoros on his eyes for the sins he committed.
620:
463:
313:
a kypros of barley and wheat, a chamber-pot (prochos) of wine,
183:
147:
106:
199:
Ritual dialogue of Theodoros with the Gods (Lydia, 235/236 AD)
510:
rather than just unmarried (or the flutist). See monaulia in
475:
328:
294:
GOD: He takes the first sin away with a sheep, partridge and
289:
THEODOROS: I had sex with Trophime, the slave of Haplokomas,
159:
112:
104:
96:
88:
80:
68:
54:
42:
provinces), dating mostly to the second and third centuries.
27:
308:
THEODOROS: Third sin. I had sex with Arethusa, the monaulia.
392:
Because I was punished by the God, I send a message to all·
143:
656:, place inside a sanctuary here, or a landed holy property
255:ἀνερύσετον τὰς ἁμαρτίας"· ἠρωτημαίνος ὑπὸ τῆς συνκλήτου·
511:
302:
I had sex with Ariagne, the monaulia (virgin priestess).
275:, because I have been brought to my senses by the gods,
253:νῦν δὲ εἱλαζομένου αὐτοῦ τοὺς θεοὺς κὲ στηλογραφοῦντος
315:
a kypros of clean wheat for the priests, one prochos.
311:
GOD: He takes aways with a chicken, sparrow, pigeon,
270:
THEODOROS: In the year 320, on the 12th of the month
261:τὸν κατάδικον διὰ ἐνιαυτοῦ κὲ μηνῶν ιʹ περιπατούντων
283:(I set up this stele or I offer these pair of eyes)
182:, Tyrannos, Basileus, Theos Strapton and Bronton,
369:
215:
709:
478:chronology, since 85 BC.Other inscriptions have
249:καθαρὸς τοῖς εἱεροῖς, πρόχον αʹ· ἔσχα παράκλητον
241:μοναυλίᾳ· ’παίρι χύρῳ, θείννῳ ἐχθύει· τῇ τρίτῇ
353:Soterchos of Motella (Phrygia, 3rd century AD)
247:κύ(πρῳ) κρειθοπύρων, πρόχῳ οἴνου· κύπρον πυρῶν
670:Votive Body Parts in Greek and Roman Religion
251:τὸν Δείαν· "εἴδαι, κατὰ τὰ πυήματα πεπηρώκιν,
387:Aurelios Soterchos son of Demostratos from
257:"εἵλεος εἶμαι ἀναστανομένης τῆς στήλλην μου,
20:Confession inscriptions of Lydia and Phrygia
259:ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ὥρισα· ἀνύξαις τὴν φυλακήν, ἐξαφίω
142:(Axiottenos, Artemidoros), Meter (mother),
305:GOD: He takes away with a piglet and tuna.
227:κατὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἃς ἐπύησεν·συνεγενόμην
221:{²crescent, a pair of eyes}² θεῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ
45:The new element that appears, the public
371:Αὐρήλιος Σωτήρχος Δημοστράτου Μοτεληνός
231:τῇ γυναικὶ τῇ Εὐτύχηδος εἰς τὸ πλετώριν·
373:κολάθιν ἑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ· παραγέλων πᾶσι
710:
243:ἁμαρτίᾳ συνεγενόμην Ἀρεθούσῃ μοναυλίᾳ·
223:Διὸς κὲ τοῦ Μηνὸς μεγάλου Ἀρτεμιδώρου·
763:Christianity and Hellenistic religion
245:’παίρι ὄρνειθει, στρουθῷ, περιστερᾷ,
235:πέρδεικι, ἀσφάλακι· δευτέρα ἁμαρτία·
233:ἀπαίρι τὴν πρώτην ἁμαρτίαν προβάτῳ,
569:the Greek word for the Roman senate
375:μηδὲ ἄναγον ἀναβῆτε πὶ τὸ χωρίον
229:τῇ πεδίσχῃ τοῦ Ἁπλοκόμα,τῇ Τροφίμῃ,
13:
662:
327:and written down his sins on this
239:ἐν Νονου συνεγενόμην τῇ Ἀριάγνῃ τῇ
14:
784:
676:
379:ἐγὼ Γέα ἐκηνησάμην ἐπὶ τὸ χωρίον.
291:wife of Eutyches in the courtyard
225:ἐκολασόμην τὰ ὄματα τὸν Θεόδωρον
30:from these historical regions of
647:
627:
613:
604:
592:
193:
572:
557:
538:
504:
485:
469:
454:
434:
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377:ἐπροκήσι ἢ κηνσετε τὸν ὄρχις·
146:(Aithrios, Keraunios, Soter),
16:Religious steles from Anatolia
1:
408:
738:Roman-era Greek inscriptions
565:
493:
345:
217:ἔτους τκʹ, μηνὸς Πανήμου βιʹ
7:
743:Greek religion inscriptions
237:ἀλλὰ δοῦλος ὢν τῶν θεῶν τῶν
10:
789:
370:
360:Koine Greek original text
219:κατὰ τὸ ἐφρενωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν
216:
206:Koine Greek original text
59:), unknown to traditional
768:Anthropology of religion
733:3rd-century inscriptions
728:2nd-century inscriptions
601:Dionysopolis: Bahadinlar
723:3rd century in religion
718:2nd century in religion
113:
105:
97:
89:
81:
55:
773:Sexuality and religion
331:, he takes salvation.
281:the Great Artemidoros
466:Museum, fr. NE Lydia
396:I had sex with Gea (
544:a measure of corn,
400:) inside the place.
129:Sacred prostitution
53:through offerings (
640:2009-12-02 at the
551:2009-12-02 at the
532:2009-12-02 at the
521:2009-12-02 at the
514:, it means either
133:Aphrodite Pandemos
103:(servant of God),
753:Phrygian religion
692:Angelos Chaniotis
516:solo on the flute
482:chronology, 31 BC
406:
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99:doulos tou theou
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73:Hittite religion
58:
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663:Further reading
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49:of sin and the
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758:Roman Anatolia
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677:External links
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644:A.II.4 meaning
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612:
610:Attic epiorkos
603:
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491:(Koine Greek:
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61:Greek religion
34:(then part of
22:are Roman-era
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587:0-521-82875-9
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563:In original,
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77:New Testament
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48:
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669:
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624:, 'testicle'
619:
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363:Translation
342:
277:by Zeus and
214:
209:Translation
194:Inscriptions
137:
125:Hieros gamos
95:(advocate),
44:
19:
18:
461:SEG 38:1237
174:, Batenos,
24:Koine Greek
712:Categories
599:MAMA 4 283
499:praetorium
409:References
111:(master),
91:parakletos
51:redemption
47:confession
26:religious
566:synkletos
320:paraclete
180:Asclepius
166:, Hades,
152:Hypsistos
638:Archived
549:Archived
530:Archived
527:celibacy
519:Archived
494:pletorin
442:Page 292
172:Sabazios
168:Herakles
164:Dionysos
121:chastity
115:basileus
83:hamartia
32:Anatolia
654:chôrion
580:Page 28
422:Page 56
389:Motella
346:phylake
272:Panemos
188:Artemis
176:Nemesis
156:Anaitis
87:(sin),
65:Phrygia
40:Galatia
621:orchis
589:(2004)
585:
480:Actian
476:Sullan
464:Manisa
451:(2007)
447:
431:(2005)
427:
186:, and
184:Hecate
148:Apollo
107:kyrios
28:steles
748:Lydia
635:kineô
497:from
329:stele
160:Attis
69:Lydia
56:lytra
633:See
583:ISBN
445:ISBN
425:ISBN
398:Gaia
296:mole
144:Zeus
67:and
38:and
36:Asia
690:by
546:LSJ
525:or
512:LSJ
279:Men
140:Men
135:).
714::
190:.
178:,
170:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
131:,
127:,
79::
501:)
322:)
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