317:(VCI). Routing information may be provided to the network nodes during the connection establishment phase, where the VCI is defined in tables in each node. Thus, the actual packet switching and data transfer can be taken care of by fast hardware, as opposed to slower software-based routing. Typically, this connection identifier is a small integer (for example, 10 bits for Frame Relay and 24 bits for ATM). This makes network switches substantially faster.
24:
313:, all data is sent over the same path during a communication session. Rather than using complete routing information for each packet (source and destination addresses) as in connectionless datagram switching such as conventional IP routers, a connection-oriented protocol identifies traffic flows only by a channel or data stream number, often denoted
222:(SMTP) is an example of a connection-oriented protocol in which, if a message is not delivered, an error report is sent to the sender, making it a reliable protocol. Because they can keep track of a conversation, connection-oriented protocols are sometimes described as stateful.
140:
or a semi-permanent connection is established before any useful data can be transferred. The established connection ensures that data is delivered in the correct order to the upper communication layer. The alternative is called
272:
mode communication. Due to the packet switching, the communication may suffer from variable bit rate and delay, due to varying traffic load and packet queue lengths. Connection-oriented communication does not necessarily imply
297:
such as IP, but still achieves in-order delivery of a byte-stream, by means of segment sequence numbering on the sender side, packet buffering and data packet reordering on the receiver side.
249:, are intrinsically connection-oriented communications systems. Circuit-mode communication provides guarantees that constant bandwidth will be available and
186:
switching mode, where all data packets belonging to the same traffic stream are delivered over the same path, and traffic flows are identified by some
41:
328:
network layer protocol when it passes data in I-frames, but this combination is rare, and reliable-connectionless is uncommon in modern networks.
88:
289:
provide connection-oriented communications over connectionless communications systems. A connection-oriented transport layer protocol, such as
60:
67:
74:
331:
Some connection-oriented protocols have been designed or altered to accommodate both connection-oriented and connectionless data.
389:
56:
178:(TCP) protocol, allowing data to be delivered in order. Although the lower-layer switching is connectionless, or it may be a
379:
354:
321:
274:
234:
198:
107:
257:
data will arrive in order with constant delay. The switches are reconfigured during a circuit establishment phase.
448:
81:
45:
384:
374:
290:
219:
215:
175:
443:
364:
349:
143:
453:
174:
connection. In the latter case, it may use either a transport layer virtual circuit protocol such as the
458:
344:
314:
207:
339:
Examples of connection-oriented packet-mode communication, i.e. virtual circuit mode communication:
286:
203:
34:
310:
294:
156:
133:
137:
246:
8:
125:
324:
data link layer protocols. Reliable connectionless protocols exist as well, for example
190:
reducing the overhead of routing decisions on a packet-by-packet basis for the network.
152:
121:
230:
167:
416:
306:
269:
265:
179:
171:
160:
437:
183:
320:
ATM and Frame Relay, for example, are both examples of connection-oriented,
202:
network services that provide acknowledgment after successful delivery and
359:
254:
211:
250:
242:
163:
are routed independently and may be delivered over different paths.
23:
148:
369:
218:(MPLS) are examples of connection-oriented unreliable protocols.
159:(UDP), where data may be delivered out of order, since different
268:
communication may also be connection-oriented, which is called
325:
166:
Connection-oriented communication may be implemented with a
394:
238:
417:"US Patent Application Publication 2005/0117529 A1"
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
435:
206:functions in case of missing or corrupted data.
300:
414:
260:
415:Ramos-Escano; et al. (June 2, 2005).
305:In a connection-oriented packet-switched
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
390:Transparent Inter-process Communication
436:
380:Stream Control Transmission Protocol
355:Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
225:
196:services are often, but not always,
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
293:, may be based on a connectionless
57:"Connection-oriented communication"
13:
280:
14:
470:
235:public switched telephone network
130:connection-oriented communication
22:
233:communication, for example the
33:needs additional citations for
408:
1:
401:
385:Transmission Control Protocol
375:Multiprotocol Label Switching
220:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
216:Multiprotocol Label Switching
176:Transmission Control Protocol
170:connection, or a packet-mode
365:General Packet Radio Service
350:Connection-oriented Ethernet
194:Connection-oriented protocol
144:connectionless communication
7:
334:
151:mode communication used by
10:
475:
345:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
315:virtual circuit identifier
301:Datalink and network layer
208:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
287:transport-layer protocols
261:Virtual circuit switching
204:automatic repeat request
311:network-layer protocol
295:network-layer protocol
157:User Datagram Protocol
134:communication protocol
449:Internet architecture
247:optical mesh networks
188:connection identifier
138:communication session
285:Connection-oriented
42:improve this article
444:Computer networking
126:computer networking
454:Internet protocols
122:telecommunications
459:Network protocols
226:Circuit switching
153:Internet Protocol
118:
117:
110:
92:
466:
428:
427:
425:
423:
412:
231:Circuit switched
168:circuit switched
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
474:
473:
469:
468:
467:
465:
464:
463:
434:
433:
432:
431:
421:
419:
413:
409:
404:
399:
337:
303:
283:
281:Transport layer
270:virtual circuit
266:Packet switched
263:
228:
180:data link layer
172:virtual circuit
161:network packets
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
472:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
430:
429:
406:
405:
403:
400:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
341:
336:
333:
302:
299:
282:
279:
262:
259:
227:
224:
147:, such as the
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
471:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
439:
418:
411:
407:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
340:
332:
329:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
278:
276:
271:
267:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:network layer
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
420:. Retrieved
410:
338:
330:
319:
304:
284:
264:
229:
197:
193:
192:
187:
165:
142:
129:
119:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
360:Frame Relay
275:reliability
255:byte stream
212:Frame Relay
438:Categories
402:References
322:unreliable
251:bit stream
68:newspapers
307:data-link
243:SONET/SDH
155:(IP) and
98:June 2019
335:Examples
199:reliable
149:datagram
136:where a
422:May 19,
370:IPX/SPX
210:(ATM),
82:scholar
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
326:AX.25
132:is a
89:JSTOR
75:books
424:2008
395:X.25
245:and
239:ISDN
214:and
124:and
61:news
309:or
291:TCP
253:or
182:or
120:In
44:by
440::
277:.
241:,
237:,
128:,
426:.
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
