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The goal of Tak is to be the first to connect two opposite edges of the board with your pieces, called "stones", and create a road. To accomplish this, players take turns placing their own stones and building their road while blocking and capturing their opponent's pieces to hinder their efforts at
27:
in which players attempt to complete a specific type of connection with their pieces. This could involve forming a path between two or more endpoints, completing a closed loop, or connecting all of one's pieces so they are adjacent to each other. Connection games typically have simple rules, but
274:
board, although 13×13 and 19×19 boards are also popular. Each player is assigned a pair of opposite sides of the board which they must try to connect by taking turns placing a stone of their color onto any empty space. Once placed, the stones cannot be moved or removed. A player wins when they
395:
in the early 1950s. The goal of Y is similar to Hex except that each player has the identical goal of making a connection between all three sides forming a "Y" rather than "owning" specific sides that must be connected. The game was independently invented in 1953 by
124:, R. Wayne Schmittberger identified an additional sub-class of connection game in which points were bridged to form connections although the overall goal – forging a path connecting opposite sides of the board – was the same. These games included
35:
In many connection games, the goal is to connect two opposite sides of the board. In these games, players take turns placing or moving pieces until one player has a continuous line of pieces connecting their two sides of the playing area.
362:. In addition the player may place and move a piece called the capstone or play normal stones "standing" up on their edge. The capstone and standing stones have different powers and rules regarding their use in the game.
218:
connects any three edges of the board (a corner point is not considered part of an edge). Havannah has "a sophisticated and varied strategy" and is best played on a base-10 hexagonal board, 10 hex cells to a side.
62:(developed independently by the mathematicians Piet Hein and John Nash in the 1940s) is considered to be the first connection game, although earlier games involving connectivity have been noted to predate
92:(1959). It was shown, starting with smaller boards, the player making the first move had a decided advantage, depending on where the initial move was made. In his 1959 book, Gardner also mentions that
880:
The cover shows the version of
Havannah published by Ravensburger in 1981. Expert players now prefer to play on a hexagonal board with 10 spaces on each side, but otherwise the game is unchanged.
100:
that would be played on a board with three equal-length sides; the winning condition would be changed to the first to connect all three sides. This was a variant of the game
226:, with a smaller, base-8 board suitable for beginners. It is currently only produced by Hexboards, a Dutch company that produces laser-carved gaming boards.
206:. Unlike Hex or other connection games, Havannah has three conditions that enable a player to win: creating a Fork; creating a Bridge; or creating a Ring. A
1126:
400:
and
Charles Titus. It is an early member in a long line of games Schensted has developed, each game more complex but also more generalized.
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996:
967:
743:
598:
581:
805:
1119:
210:
is a loop around one or more cells regardless of whether or not the encircled cells are occupied by any player or empty. A
118:
were examples of games where the players competed to build a path connecting sides of the board. In the June 2000 issue of
778:
860:
656:
1033:
830:
707:
275:
successfully connect their sides together through a chain of adjacent stones. Draws are impossible in Hex due to the
1042:
1457:
1112:
344:
in 2016. Its design was based around the fictional game of Tak described in
Patrick Rothfuss' 2011 fantasy novel
354:
the same. A player "captures" a stone by stacking one of their pieces on top of the opponent's. This creates a
1094:
1431:
108:
that had been invented independently by John Milnor, Charles Titus, and Craige
Schensted in the early 1950s.
28:
complex strategies. They have minimal components and may be played as board games, computer games, or even
168:
Examples of the three winning structures in
Havannah, on a base-8 board. From left to right, they are the
1321:
1311:
1261:
1069:
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283:
951:
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302:; they are no longer in production. Hex can also be played with paper and pencil on hexagonally ruled
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282:
The game has deep strategy, sharp tactics and a profound mathematical underpinning related to the
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24:
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911:"Kickstarting Tak, a new Cheapass Game based on Patrick Rothfuss's "Wise Man's Fear""
871:
739:
703:
627:
577:
492:
196:
657:"Concerning the game of Hex, which may be played on the tiles of the bathroom floor"
1271:
1214:
1034:"Connection Games II: Y, Poly-Y, Star and *Star [Craige Schensted / Ea Ea]"
447:
397:
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119:
37:
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991:. Vol. 4A: Combinatorial Algorithms, Part 1. Addison-Wesley. p. 547.
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687:
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341:
93:
75:
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element to the game play absent in other well known connection games, such as
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1135:
892:
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152:(1981), were used. In 1984, Larry Back began developing what would become
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1043:"Connection Games III: Havannah and Starweb [Christian Freeling]"
517:
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698:
The
Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles & Diversions
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1209:
1172:
810:(Master of Arts in Teaching thesis). University of Nebraska-Lincoln
527:
421:
371:
276:
472:
46:
1328:
1095:"Connection Games VIII, Part I: ConHex [Michail Antonow]"
507:
437:
287:
271:
256:
320:
136:(1962). Schmittberger also identified a third sub-class where
779:"Four mathematical diversions involving concepts of topology"
522:
497:
482:
41:
958:
Hexaflexagons, Probability
Paradoxes, and the Tower of Hanoi
729:
376:
244:
11×11 Hex gameboard showing a winning configuration for Blue
1226:
759:
Schmittberger, R. Wayne (June 2000). "Making
Connections".
1052:"Connection Games IV: Unlur [Jorge Gomez Arrausi]"
78:
is credited with popularizing the genre in his writeup of
214:
connects any two of the six corner cells of the board. A
1061:"Connection Games V: Side Stitch [Craig Duncan]"
937:
Some games and machines for playing them | Report D-1164
255:
in which players attempt to connect opposite sides of a
758:
1070:"Connection Games VI: TwixT [Alex Randolph]"
984:
955:
695:
222:The game was published for a period in Germany by
1079:"Connection Games VII: Onyx [Larry Back]"
286:. The game was first marketed as a board game in
1449:
1017:Survey of connection games by Dr. Eric Silverman
702:. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 73–83.
1092:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
773:
738:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 114.
686:
651:
596:
156:, a connection game with a capturing mechanic.
962:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–93.
682:
680:
678:
599:"Lightning: A Connection Game from the 1890's"
1432:
1120:
565:
563:
561:
259:. Hex was invented by mathematician and poet
828:
675:
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159:
50:are typical examples of this type of game.
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1113:
558:
858:
375:
319:
298:marketed a version of it in 1952 called
239:
163:
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730:Hayward, Ryan B.; Toft, Bjarne (2019).
573:Connection Games: Variations on a Theme
270:It is traditionally played on an 11×11
1450:
767:
645:
569:
1108:
982:
859:Handscomb, Kerry, ed. (Winter 2002).
90:Mathematical Puzzles & Diversions
88:(1957), expanded and republished in
1391:
934:
803:
576:. Wellesley, MA: A. K. Peters, Ltd.
456:Kaliko, aka Psyche-paths, using hex
450:, also called Con-tac-tix, Nash, or
324:Tak being played with a "Tavern" set
831:"Onyx: An Original Connection Game"
13:
935:Nash, John F. (February 2, 1952).
14:
1479:
1407:-related article or section is a
1011:
1395:
365:
104:, which was a generalization of
987:The Art of Computer Programming
976:
943:
928:
903:
885:
852:
822:
597:Polczynski, Jim (Spring 2001).
140:with preprinted paths, such as
96:proposed a modified version of
16:Abstract strategy game subgenre
797:
752:
723:
620:
590:
1:
870:(12). Carpe Diem Publishing.
551:
263:in 1942 and independently by
1411:. You can help Knowledge by
893:"Havannah & Atoll board"
633:. Parker Brothers, Inc. 1932
7:
1322:Collectible miniatures game
1312:Constructible strategy game
939:(Report). RAND Corporation.
840:. No. 4. pp. 9–12
829:Back, Larry (Winter 2000).
763:. Vol. 24, no. 4.
534:
380:A commercially-sold Y board
284:Brouwer fixed-point theorem
184:
10:
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1390:
1380:Tabletop role-playing game
407:
369:
313:
233:
188:
53:
1337:
1285:
1237:
1143:
1089:Game launched by Nytimes.
1025:"Connection Games I: Hex"
804:Dean, Sandy (July 2008).
541:Combinatorial game theory
410:Category:Connection games
195:Havannah is a two-player
1257:Dedicated deck card game
1087:Connection NYT Unlimited
950:Gardner, Martin (2008).
692:"Eight: The Game of Hex"
570:Browne, Cameron (2005).
404:List of connection games
160:Popular connection games
1458:Abstract strategy games
1032:— (February 22, 2020).
1023:— (February 21, 2020).
1295:Abstract strategy game
1163:Cooperative board game
983:Knuth, Donald (2011).
488:Shannon switching game
381:
330:abstract strategy game
325:
309:
245:
229:
181:
30:paper-and-pencil games
25:abstract strategy game
1375:Social deduction game
1370:Paper-and-pencil game
1247:Collectible card game
1183:Cross and circle game
391:, first described by
379:
323:
243:
191:Havannah (board game)
167:
58:According to Browne,
1168:Deduction board game
1153:Adventure board game
1093:— (March 27, 2020).
1077:— (March 22, 2020).
1068:— (March 19, 2020).
1059:— (March 12, 2020).
952:"8: The Game of Hex"
807:The Game of Bridg-It
328:Tak is a two-player
248:Hex is a two player
1262:Shedding-type games
1050:— (March 9, 2020).
1041:— (March 3, 2020).
783:Scientific American
736:Hex, the full story
661:Scientific American
347:The Wise Man's Fear
279:of the game board.
85:Scientific American
1252:Deck-building game
1195:Running-fight game
546:Mathematical games
513:Through the Desert
478:Qua, 3D Board Game
424:, also called Gale
382:
326:
246:
204:Christian Freeling
182:
1420:
1419:
1388:
1387:
1277:Trick-taking game
998:978-0-201-03804-0
969:978-0-521-75615-0
745:978-0-367-14425-8
583:978-1-56881-224-3
386:abstract strategy
356:three dimensional
340:and published by
250:abstract strategy
197:abstract strategy
1475:
1468:Board game stubs
1463:Connection games
1441:
1434:
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1272:Tarot card games
1215:Chinese dominoes
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777:(October 1958).
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398:Craige Schensted
338:Patrick Rothfuss
236:Hex (board game)
132:(1958/1960) and
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1300:Connection game
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1205:Tile-based game
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463:Lines of action
417:Black Path Game
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296:Parker Brothers
290:under the name
257:hexagonal board
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21:connection game
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1136:Tabletop games
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1012:External links
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868:Abstract Games
851:
838:Abstract Games
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608:. pp. 8–9
606:Abstract Games
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370:Main article:
367:
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342:Cheapass Games
314:Main article:
311:
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234:Main article:
231:
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189:Main article:
186:
183:
161:
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94:Claude Shannon
76:Martin Gardner
55:
52:
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9:
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1287:Strategy game
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861:"Front Cover"
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709:0-671-63652-9
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655:(July 1957).
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366:The Game of Y
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23:is a type of
22:
1413:expanding it
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986:
978:
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945:
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918:. Retrieved
914:
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842:. Retrieved
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812:. Retrieved
806:
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787:. Retrieved
782:
769:
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754:
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725:
713:. Retrieved
697:
665:. Retrieved
660:
647:
635:. Retrieved
622:
610:. Retrieved
605:
592:
572:
451:
383:
352:
345:
334:James Ernest
332:designed by
327:
299:
291:
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247:
224:Ravensburger
221:
215:
211:
207:
202:invented by
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142:Psyche-paths
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70:(1890s) and
67:
66:, including
63:
59:
57:
45:
34:
20:
18:
1200:Tables game
1190:Legacy game
915:Boing Boing
458:serpentiles
393:John Milnor
304:graph paper
292:Con-tac-tix
148:(1970) and
138:serpentiles
1452:Categories
1405:board game
1305:Tafl games
1222:Train game
1145:Board game
920:23 January
552:References
428:Crosstrack
408:See also:
389:board game
316:Tak (game)
253:board game
200:board game
1365:Piecepack
1345:Dice game
1239:Card game
1178:Race game
1158:Amerigame
897:Hexboards
876:1492-0492
785:: 124–129
663:: 145–150
628:"Zig-Zag"
267:in 1948.
265:John Nash
261:Piet Hein
74:(1932).
68:Lightning
1355:Megagame
1267:Patience
1210:Dominoes
1173:Eurogame
690:(1959).
535:See also
443:Havannah
422:Bridg-It
384:Y is an
372:Y (game)
277:topology
185:Havannah
176:and the
130:Bridg-it
1329:Wargame
1138:by type
732:"6.5 Y"
508:Tantrix
452:Polygon
438:Gonnect
288:Denmark
272:rhombus
72:Zig-Zag
54:History
995:
966:
874:
844:30 May
814:30 May
789:29 May
742:
715:29 May
706:
667:29 May
637:30 May
612:29 May
580:
294:, and
212:bridge
178:bridge
172:, the
146:Kaliko
44:, and
1403:This
1338:Other
864:(PDF)
834:(PDF)
761:Games
631:(PDF)
602:(PDF)
523:TwixT
498:*Star
483:Selfo
473:PÜNCT
134:TwixT
121:Games
47:PÜNCT
42:TwixT
1409:stub
1227:18XX
993:ISBN
964:ISBN
922:2019
872:ISSN
846:2022
816:2022
791:2022
740:ISBN
717:2022
704:ISBN
669:2022
639:2022
614:2022
578:ISBN
518:Trax
493:Star
468:Onyx
433:Dots
336:and
216:fork
208:ring
174:ring
170:fork
154:Onyx
150:Trax
126:Gale
114:and
503:Tak
448:Hex
360:hex
310:Tak
300:Hex
230:Hex
112:Hex
106:Hex
98:Hex
82:in
80:Hex
64:Hex
60:Hex
38:Hex
1454::
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734:.
694:.
677:^
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604:.
560:^
350:.
306:.
40:,
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19:A
1440:e
1433:t
1426:v
1415:.
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
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528:Y
180:.
144:/
128:/
116:Y
102:Y
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