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police departments and before the establishment of the NC Highway Patrol in 1929. They were not salaried but received a fee of several dollars for each court order served from the presiding JP of their precinct. Constables were elected to four-year terms alongside that of the JP of their precinct and while they had full peace officer powers, their daily duties focused on serving orders of the JP and providing bailiff service to the JP court. In this revamping of the NC legal system, district court judges were required to be licensed attorneys at the same time that the office of constable, along with JP, mayor's court and city jail systems were phased out with the new NC court system changes of the mid-1960s. JP's were replaced by magistrates and the duties of constable were absorbed by sheriffs. Some cities continue to maintain temporary lockups, but city jails were abolished as a rule. Also in this set of changes, coroners who were elected judicial death investigators were generally replaced by medical examiners who were required to be a medical doctor, osteopathic physician, dentist, lawyer or veterinarian in the new system, though coroner still exists on the books in many NC counties.
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and apprehend offenders and bring them before the justice of the peace, whip, or punish offenders by order of the court, take bail for a person arrested, help to settle estates, and keep proper accounts of fines collected. Legislation relating to constables does not appear in the
Delaware Laws until 1770. This act required constables at the end of their terms to return the names of three freeholders to the Court of General Sessions, who then appointed one to serve the next year. At least one constable was appointed for each hundred, and appointees had to be residents of the hundred in which they served. After 1832 the levy court of each county appointed the constables, although the governor could also fill appointments if levy court was in recess. The constable had a number of duties, many of which continue today. He executed all orders, warrants, and other process directed by any court, judge, or justice of the peace; ensured that the peace of the state be kept; arrested all persons committing riot, murder, theft, or breach of the peace, and carried them before a justice of the peace; attended elections to ensure that the peace be kept; and enforced the laws of the state.
664:, "the general duties of a Constable are to be vigilant to preserve the peace, to prevent the commission of crime and to arrest all offenders who might be arrested without a warrant and to procure warrants in other instances of crimes committed." Hartley also states, constables "are not expected to devote a considerable portion of their time to the work of their office or to quit his ordinary occupation to act as a detective and search for offenders. In this regard they stand on a basis quite different from the members of an organized police force." The Municipal Police Institute, now the Mass. Criminal Justice Training Council, issued a report in May 1977, on the powers of constables noting that modern police not only evolved from constables but they derive their common law powers arrest from constables, also stating "Constables still possess extensive law enforcement powers to this day".
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which according to the NJSCI report was not clearly defined but generally understood to mean "...recognized as empowered to act as an officer for the detection, apprehension and arrest of offenders against the law." The report further stated that though constables did have this authority, they "...receive no instruction, guidance or preparation in doing so", and were permitted by some municipalities to purchase badges and uniforms indistinguishable from those of regular sworn police officers despite not being bound by any requirements for training through the Police
Training Commission. The specific duties that the constable would undertake was at the discretion of the municipality, ranging from being merely ceremonial in nature to doing crowd control at events and enforcing noise ordinances.
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courts as bailiffs. They are appointed by municipalities throughout Utah and may serve multiple terms. Constables and their deputies attend the police academy and are certified and sworn peace officers, although not tasked with "general law enforcement" duties. They possess statewide law enforcement jurisdiction and commonly serve summons and complaints, information, protective orders, stalking injunctions, subpoenas, warrants, writs, subpoenas, eviction orders, and orders to show cause. Additionally, they may make probable cause arrests or arrests pursuant to a warrant of arrest.
287:, but in Arizona do not perform general police functions such as patrols or criminal investigations. However, by virtue of their peace officer status, a constable may be required to take enforcement action to preserve life and property in immediate situations. Constables and their deputies may serve process, writ or papers in their county and any precinct in another county contiguous to their own precinct All deputy constables are required to be certified officers by state law, and some constables chose to become certified peace officers.
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classes. With completion of each block came expansion of the types of law enforcement the officer could perform. While it was never common after 1984 to have elected constables with law enforcement powers, there were a few who did complete certification. As of 2007, POST requirements of 680 hours of training provided on a full-time basis for new officers, followed by 400 hours of training provided by a certified field training officer make completing the requirements to be a law enforcement officer impractical for elected constables.
1064:, but such special election must be held coincidentally with another scheduled election. An unexpired term may also be filled by an appointee elected by that county's legislative body. Candidates for elected county office are not required to declare a party to run in some counties, in which case all seeking the office appear on the ballot in the general election, while in the counties where the county offices are elected on a partisan basis, candidates may seek a party's nomination to the office in a
635:, stop and search within their ward. Some voting wards that are in large towns have a marshal instead of a constable, and these marshals serve the same role as a constable, although marshals are generally more pro-active in law enforcement matters. Not all large towns have the position of marshal though, as the City of Baton Rouge has a city constable. Constables in Louisiana are generally responsible for keeping the peace in the ward. They are paid a small monthly salary for their service.
215:(VPSOs) all of whom are fully academy-trained, employed by local tribal non-profit corporations and are deputized by the commissioner of public safety to make misdemeanor non-traffic arrests and charge for violations. Other similar officers are tribal police officers (TPOs) of local tribal communities and village police officers (VPOs) all of whom receive limited training. This is due to the scarce availability of law enforcement personnel in remote areas of the vast state.
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967:
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police officers of all cities and towns shall have all the powers and duties of constables except serving and executing civil process, allowing them to exercise common law arrest powers, state police are given the same powers throughout the commonwealth under M.G.L. c. 25 s. 97. Although the service of civil process makes up a major portion of their duties
Massachusetts constables have broad law enforcement authority. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court stated in
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Urban constables, defined as those constables elected from townships with a population of more 100,000 must be certified before they may file to run for office. In some rural Nevada constabularies, constables maintain POST status and others do not. All deputy constables must be POST certified in urban townships; in rural townships, they do not have to be certified, but if they are not, they may not carry weapons or exercise peace officer powers.
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exercise their authority in any precinct within their county and adjacent counties; however, some constables' offices limit themselves to providing law enforcement services only to their respective precinct, except in the case of serving civil and criminal process. Constables and their deputies may serve civil process in any precinct in their county and any contiguous county and can serve warrants anywhere in the state.
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Constables are variously paid only token salaries and earn most of their compensation through fees or are paid a higher fixed salary but earn no fees. As of 2022 constables for the townships of
Humboldt, North Las Vegas, and Henderson are on fixed salaries. The office in Las Vegas Township has been taken over by the county sheriff. Not all townships have constables and the office is in abatement in most counties.
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county, "constables have always been peace officers ... in the territory of their constituents," and, being constitutional officers, the legislature was without authority to limit the constables powers as they existed at common law. Allor v. Wayne County
Auditor. 43 Mich. 76 (1880). However their role was vastly altered upon adoption of the constitution of 1963 when their office was deleted as was the office of
484:, constables are court officers whose powers and duties are: To attend regularly all sessions of magistrate court; to pay promptly over money collected by them to the magistrate court; to execute and return all warrants, summonses, executions, and other processes directed to them by the magistrate court; and to perform such other duties as are required of them by law or as necessarily appertain to their offices.
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commission such numbers of sworn constables as it deems necessary to preserve the peace and good order of the state. To be approved by the board of examiners, a
Delaware State constable must meet the minimum standards established by the Council on Police Training. The constable shall exercise the same powers as police officers while in the performance of the lawful duties of their employment.
696:. And by the end of the 1970s their election was no longer statutorily mandated. A Michigan Commission on Law Enforcement Standards (MCOLES) certification became required if they were to perform general peace officer duties. As of 2007 there were very few elected city constables and less than 10% of Michigan's 1242 townships continue to elect constables.
1159:; collection of taxes, when no tax collector is elected; and other duties. Constables have full law enforcement authority unless the town votes to either remove the authority or require training before such authority is exercised. Cities and villages may also have constables. Their duties and method of selection are governed by the
413:. In general, they are appointed to serve as police officers and expected to have or complete the requirements of the Police Officer Standards and Training Council in order to do so. Special constables normally work under the supervision of a resident state trooper contracted by the town (a requirement of the
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who take office after that date must undergo police training and certification in order to have law enforcement powers, and constables who took office prior to that date will lose their powers on
January 1, 2027 unless they have since undergone the required training and certification. On the approval of the
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be peace officers in their township. On appeal, the Nevada
Supreme Court reversed the 8th District. Furthermore, the Nevada Supreme Court ruled that absent a statutory revision by the legislature, elected constables (but not their deputies) were exempt from the provisions of NRS 289.550, the primary
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are elected peace officers who have statewide powers pursuant to NRS 289.150, but 2015 legislation and further legislation in 2019 placed significant restrictions on those powers. Their peace officer power now is restricted to a) carrying out their official duties, b) preventing harm to a person or
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if the town wishes their constables to be dispatched by the state police or have access to the radio and computer system of the state police). The system of resident state trooper and constables is used by many medium-sized towns as a cost-effective way of providing increased police patrols while the
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to enforce their orders and provide security. As populations grew, and municipal courts pushed out justice courts, constables were slowly replaced by marshals. Municipal marshals were consolidated into single county offices in 1970. By the late-1980s few, if any, constables remained. The state courts
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Effective July 1, 2010, town clerks must certify constables are duly elected or appointed and the town has not voted to limit the constable's authority to engage in enforcement activities. Further, constables must certify they have successfully completed a basic training course and will complete the
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By law, constables keep and preserve the peace within the county; advise justice court judges or other officers of all riots, routs, unlawful assemblies, and violations of the penal laws; execute and return all processes directed to them by any county, chancery or circuit court (not just the justice
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or state approved basic law enforcement training equivalent. Any constable, however, who takes office after
January 1, 2023 must complete this training in order to make arrests or otherwise carry out full police powers. Constables who took office prior to that date have a deadline of January 1, 2027
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Constables, and their respective deputies, are public servants and serve and enforce civil and criminal process for state institutions, litigators, courts, private citizens, and prosecutors. Additionally, they conduct special investigations and provide judiciary security services for Utah's justice
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There was some confusion over whether Nevada state law mandated that constables shall be peace officers regardless of what other provisions of state law require, the opposite; i.e., that state law requires that constables be certified peace officers to remain in office, or some nebulous legal point
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and other court documents, and are required to execute any court process given to them. Constables are also permitted to carry firearms in the performance of their duties. Constables who took office prior to
January 1, 2023 have full law enforcement powers, including power of arrest. All constables
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Code enforcement constables are appointed by any county or municipal chief executive with limited authority to enforce only those ordinances pertaining to building, housing, sanitation, or public health codes. The Delaware SPCA may appoint animal control constables to enforce dog control ordinances
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in the early colonial period, the constable's main responsibilities were keeping the peace, serving the courts, and executing court orders and process. Under the Duke of York's government the constable was elected from one of four overseers of the town or parish. He had the responsibility to pursue
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providing general police services. From colonial times through the 1940s, town constables would work with two other town officials—the investigating grand juror and prosecuting grand juror—in the initial handling of criminal investigations, arrests, and the "binding over" of serious crimes from the
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Constables are empowered to enforce both criminal and civil laws, Police officers are empowered to enforce criminal and traffic laws, Sheriffs are the chief law enforcement officer of the county and are empowered to enforce criminal and civil laws. Sheriffs do have the authority to enforce traffic
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Constables in Pennsylvania are elected and serve six-year terms. They are peace officers by virtue of the office they hold. Upon completion of Act 49 certification and training, they may also serve as the law-enforcement arm of the court. Constables primarily serve the district courts but may also
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is in most cases limited to the cities and towns in which they are appointed or elected, with limited exceptions. Constables usually serve civil process, they may however, serve both civil and criminal process and also enforce capias arrest warrants. M.G.L. c. 41 s. 98 provides the chief and other
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Constables in Maine are appointed by municipalities and are special police officers and also defined as law enforcement officers in Maine legislation. Constables are appointed to 1-year terms by local municipalities. Constables, depending on the terms of their appointment, may have full or limited
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Any non-profit corporation, civic association, or governmental entity which has buildings and grounds open to the public may request for the appointment of Delaware State constables to serve as law enforcement officers in order to protect life and property. The board of examiners shall appoint and
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in 2007 when 9 of the 11 officers of the city's police department resigned in protest over a pay and benefits dispute with city officials. They were not ultimately needed for that mission and were never deployed. Unlike many so-called militias, many of which are voluntary and non-state affiliated,
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officers. Constables may have additional specialized duties unique to the office. In some states the constable is an elected or appointed position at the state or local level of local government. Their jurisdiction can vary from statewide to county/parish and local township boundaries based on the
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Constables in Nevada serve a four-year term. In Nevada the office of constable was the only partisan elected office below the county level but is now non-partisan like sheriffs in Nevada. The office is not fully funded by taxpayers, but supplemented by fees collected for various forms of service.
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the 8th District ordered a candidate's name to be removed from the ballot in the election for Constable of the Township of Henderson because the candidate would not be twenty-one years old before taking office. An administrative regulation governing peace officer certification set the minimum age
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Constables must be Nevada POST certified Category I or Category II within 1 year of being sworn in, in order to keep their peace officer status and remain in office if they are from mid-sized townships, defined as those constables elected from a township of 15,000 ore more, but less than 100,000.
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All counties are required to provide their constables with at least two complete uniforms, some type of motor vehicle identification which clearly indicates that the motor vehicle is being used by a constable in his official capacity, and a blue flashing light for use on official duty. Other than
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by nature of their office was removed in 1984, at which time they became subject to the Police Officer Standards and Training Council requirements. In 1984 these requirements were for 480 hours of training, which could be completed in 120-hour-long "blocks" which were offered as part-time evening
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established in 1829, the states gradually enacted laws to permit municipalities to establish police departments. This differed from the UK in that the old system was not uniformly abolished in every state. Often the enacting legislation of the state conferred a police officer with the powers of a
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in the mid-1960s. They were peace officers who served under the justice of the peace (JP) of each voting precinct. In the 1960’s and before, constables were often the only law enforcement officers in a county, other than the sheriff and deputies, especially before many municipalities established
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When they did exist, per NJ Revised Statute § 40A:9-120, constables were citizens appointed at the municipal level, and were required to merely be "...residents and qualified voters of the municipality for at least 3 years prior to their appointment". Constables were considered "peace officers",
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including wage and bank garnishments, writs of execution, attachment and possession, orders in aid of execution, eviction orders, civil bench warrants, cash keepers, till taps and other property seizures and conduct public auctions of both real and personal property. How broad a menu of services
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was a territory. The constitution of 1850, however, required that each township elect at least one but not more than four constables. The constitution of 1908 continued the requirement. With few exceptions cities also elected constables by ward. In addition to serving the justice courts of their
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was amended in 1978 so as not to require counties to have this office. Prior to this point, it was mandatory to elect constables in each county. Subsequent statutory law has allowed its continuance in certain counties, with the stipulation that there be no more than half as many constables in a
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A constable is also an officer empowered to carry out the business of the statewide district court system, by serving warrants of arrest, mental health warrants, transporting prisoners, service of summons, complaints and subpoenas, and enforcing protection from abuse orders as well as orders of
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Constables, and their deputies, are often uniformed similar to other law enforcement officers although, the types of law enforcement operations each constable's office conducts may vary by city and county ranging from civil process and court order enforcement, such as writ service, to criminal
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of a county, and counties may have between four and eight precincts each depending on their population. Currently, the term of office for Texas constables is four years. However, when vacancies arise, the commissioners empower police officers with county-wide jurisdiction and thus, may legally
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In 2000, there were 2,630 full-time deputies and 418 reserve deputies working for the 760 constables' offices in Texas. Of this number, 35% were primarily assigned to patrol, 33% to serving process, 12% to court security, and 7% to criminal investigations. The Harris County Precinct 4 and 5
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Anyone standing for election as a constable must be at least 24 years of age, a resident of Kentucky for at least two years, and a resident of the county and district for at least a year prior to election. Since constables are constitutional peace officers they are exempt from attending the
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Under the Ohio Revised Code, counties may have sworn police "special constables" at their county fair grounds. Cuyahoga County Fair Grounds in Berea Ohio has established a police department under this section and the "special constables" are sworn in by the Berea Municipal Court Judge.
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signed Assembly Bill 5281/Senate Bill 2341 into law, which eliminated the constable position, removed statutory references to constables, repealed various parts of statutory law, and implemented the recommendations given in the NJSCI report concerning the elimination of the position.
880:(The Ohio Administrative Code defines a township constable's jurisdiction as statewide). With some exceptions, constables must post bonds and undergo police training. They are required to serve court papers when so ordered, and to apprehend and bring to justice any lawbreakers or
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There are restrictions on whether appointed constables can have peace officer powers based on whether the municipality is a town or village and the number of residents. If a constable is not appointed as a constable with peace officer powers, they can only serve civil processes.
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courts within their precinct and serving process issued therefrom and from any other court. Moreover, some constables' offices limit themselves to only these activities but others provide patrol, investigative, and security services as well. Constables have full police powers.
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A constable requires an extensive knowledge of civil law, and the criminal law aspects that may arise from civil law violations. In this regard courts prefer constable to handle these matters rather than police officers as they can execute both civil and criminal process.
1179:, except for civil matters, "he police force of a locality is hereby invested with all the power and authority which formerly belonged to the office of constable at common law," and some cities such as Norfolk, Virginia, continue to have an office of a "high constable."
865:, or as officers of some minor courts. A "special constable" may also be appointed by a municipal court judge for a renewable one-year term upon application by any three "freeholders" (landowners) of the county, who are then responsible for paying the special constable.
447:, investigations became the exclusive responsibility of the Connecticut State Police, while state prosecutors took over the prosecution of cases, and the court system was flattened by the elimination of courts with criminal venue below the level of the superior court.
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The duty of the constable is to uphold the law fairly and firmly; to pursue and bring to justice those who break the law; to keep the peace; to protect, help, and reassure the community; and to be seen to do all this with integrity, common sense, and sound judgment.
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county as there are county commissioners in that county, except in counties where the general law provides for an exception by county population brackets. Constables are elected to four-year terms in August, many of which are the years coincident with
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Justice of the peace court constables are appointed by the chief magistrate. The constables' duties include execution of court orders, writs and warrants, serving summonses and subpoenas, collecting debts and fines, and providing courtroom security.
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within the town they are elected by. Elections are held every two years, except communities which by local ordinance or charter have set the term of office at four years. While a small number of towns will also allow the constables to perform
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to go through law enforcement basic training to maintain their law enforcement powers. The legal authority of any constable who chooses not to complete state approved law enforcement basic training will be limited to serving court documents.
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power of arrest. Police and constables exist concurrently in many jurisdictions. Perhaps because of this, the title "constable" is not used for police of any rank. The lowest rank in a police organization would be officer, deputy, patrolman,
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Title 1, Section 215; Title 13, Section 105; Title 22, Section 131; as well as Title 13, Section 3804. Constables have similar powers, duties and authority as sheriffs, but their primary responsibility is to execute court orders for the
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Constables are also responsible for maintaining order at the election polls and ensuring that no qualified elector is obstructed from voting, Constables are the only law enforcement officials permitted at the polls on election day.
708:, constables are law enforcement officers elected from single-member districts in each county. Mississippi law provides us with fewer than 35,001 people, to a maximum of five districts in counties with more than 150,000 people.
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A constable may in some jurisdictions be assisted by deputy constables as sworn officers or constable's officers as civil staff, usually as process servers. In some states, villages or towns, an office with similar duties is
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in both the justice and district courts such as letters of demand, summons and complaints, legal petitions, civil subpoenas, public notices, eviction notices, or any other process in civil cases as well as civil
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town's justice court to a higher court. A series of reforms in regulations, statutes, and the state constitution in the 1950s and 1960s removed the involvement of towns in these matters. In towns without a local
1027:. Officers may be variously described as "state constables", "special state constables", "department of public safety special constables" and "magistrates' constables". State constables are appointed by the
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force of the state. This agency is empowered to act in a police capacity when called into service by the governor. Some official missions the constables have officially performed include port security after
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and various grants. Constables receive a salary from their respective counties based on the number of registered voters who reside in their precinct. Most Arizona counties have from two to five constables.
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The office developed from its British counterpart during the colonial period. Prior to the modernization of law enforcement in the middle 19th century, local law enforcement was performed by constables and
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Constables are considered peace officers, have arrest powers within their jurisdiction while on duty, and must complete peace officer training as approved by the NY Division of Criminal Justice Services.
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in the county the constable is elected in, appoint deputies to work under their authority. Each deputy is given the same authority as the constable, but serves upon assignment of the elected constable.
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The position of constable in the State of New Jersey no longer exists. In recent years, criticism has arisen calling out the position as "antiquated and potentially dangerous", and a report form the
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A constable is a sworn law enforcement/peace officer that can arrest for felony crimes and breaches of the peace committed in their presence, or by warrant anywhere in the Commonwealth.
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as condition for faithful performance of their duties, and M.G.L. c. 23 s. 1 and 8 provides for their bond to be put in suit for failure to perform their duties by persons so aggrieved.
579:, but are paid fees for services rendered. However, state law provides for payment of an annual salary of $ 9,600 to constables in counties with a population of over 250,000; as of the
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211:. They act in an official police capacity only when called into service by the State of Alaska, which has a broad statute governing citizen's arrests, which is why Alaska has
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Constables serve at the pleasure of the local towns and villages, usually in a civil aspect for the courts. However, constables are considered law enforcement officers under
595:. The payment has become a point of controversy, since constables in Kentucky have few actual duties. The state has authorized a salary of up to $ 9,600 a year, but the
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laws as defined in Commonwealth v. Leet (1994), however are not empowered to independently enforce DUI checkpoint as defined in Commonwealth v. John M. Marconi (2010).
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who is either a uniformed or plainclothes law enforcement officer employed by one of the departments of the state government, a retired police officer, or a volunteer
504:. Although the Idaho statutes still provide for the appointment of election constables to keep order during elections (Title 34, Chapter 11) and define constables as
141:, as well as patrolling the streets and providing security for civic events. They are not funded from general tax revenues; instead, constables' fees are paid by the
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courts. However, since these have been eliminated by judicial reform, the office of constable now has few real functions. Constables still have the power to execute
954:
In Boroughs that have been divided into wards, there is the office of high constable, which appears to be more closely tied and supervised by the local government.
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standard fees for attending court, serving processes, etc., state law does not otherwise require counties to pay or otherwise compensate constables for their jobs.
103:
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Constables are elected at the municipal level, however state law governs constables and they have statewide authority, thus the title became "state constable".
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and event security functions, most strictly prohibit their constables from acting in any official capacity on behalf of the town. The authority to act as a
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110:. Counties may abolish the office of constable by county ordinance. Many have done so: as of 2015, only 24 of Alabama's 67 counties still had constables.
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Historically, constables had been the key office for providing law enforcement in rural Connecticut. Connecticut never developed a strong institution of
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personnel, who serve as needed, but not in conflict with their federal military reserve duties. The Alaska constables receive police training from the
82:
In many states, constables do not conduct patrols or preventive policing activities. In such states the office is relatively obscure to its citizens.
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and must live in the precinct to which they are elected. The constable serves a four-year term and has similar powers, duties and authority as the
1226:, was the last person to hold the elected office of constable in West Virginia. The office of Constable was abolished in West Virginia in 1976.
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As public officials, constables are required to file an annual statement of financial interests with the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
512:'s Election Reform Act removed all provisions for the appointment of constables. As such, there are no longer any constables serving in Idaho.
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the Alaska State Defense Force is state-recognized under the state's authority to have a state-exclusive militia or guard, in addition to the
1949:
930:
Under Pennsylvania law, constables are public officers, elected or appointed to their position in accordance with the laws of the elections.
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Besides any general law enforcement authority they may possess, constables serve papers, process, writs and warrants for the district court.
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state police retain primary responsibility to provide additional levels of supervision, dispatch, detective, and other specialized services.
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requirement at twenty-one on peace officers. The primary statute the district court relied on was NRS 258.070 which states that constables
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were unified in 2000, with the superior court fulfilling all judicial functions, and the office of constable was formally eliminated.
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121:, stop and search within their county, except in certain counties which have had their constables' powers limited by act of the
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in between. Some of the confusion resulted from a 2002 elections case before the Nevada 8th Judicial District in Clark County,
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1934:
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apprehending someone who has committed a crime against a person, or c) with permission from a sheriff or chief of police.
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statute establishing peace officer standards. Case law pursuant to new legislation in 2015, most of the case is now moot.
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366:). Depending on the county, constables were either elected by popular vote or appointed by the county supervisors to a
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1203:
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2022 New Jersey Revised Statutes Title 40A - Municipalities and Counties Section 40A:9-120 - Constables; appointment
374:). Constables had full police powers by state law and carried out occasional to frequent patrol work in addition to
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49:. Constables were appointed or elected at the local level for specific terms and, like their UK counterparts the
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Revised Code, which defines several roles for them. Constables serve as police officers of some small towns and
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Constable Application that constables are not permitted to carry guns during the commission of their duties.
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439:
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Prior to the 1970s, the main function of the constables was to provide court service and security to the
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https://www.wkyt.com/2023/06/23/good-question-what-powers-privileges-duties-do-kentucky-constables-have/
1939:
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Upon gaining statehood, constables continued to be appointed at the county level as had been done when
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338:, which provides for the election of a constable in each township for a two-year term. Constables are
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Constables are required to attend AZPOST approved basic training, and their expenses are paid by the
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was released in December 2021 recommending the abolition of the position. In January 2024, Governor
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536:, constables are considered peace officers and have the same countywide jurisdiction as the county
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throughout the states; use may vary within a state. A constable may be an official responsible for
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peace officer powers, and may or may not have the authority to carry a firearm open or concealed.
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for people to appear in court in criminal and/or civil matters. They can also be fully empowered
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While constables primarily serve the courts, they belong to the executive branch of government.
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1151:. They are charged with service of process; the destruction of unlicensed or dangerous dogs or
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1047:, constable is an elected position with full power of arrest and is a state peace officer. The
529:
327:
126:
1115:
Constables' Offices are the largest constables' offices in Texas with over 600 deputies each.
53:, were not paid and did not wear a uniform. They were often paid a fee by the courts for each
1944:
1469:
1160:
533:
307:
72:
1607:
1582:
1068:
or skip the process of being nominated by a party. In those counties, candidates may run as
611:
The Kentucky Constables Association is affiliated with the National Constables Association.
1127:, the constable is one of the first established law enforcement officers in state history.
1107:
689:
584:
544:
497:
481:
427:
355:
303:
294:
280:
248:
239:. Sheriffs and constables are the only two elected peace officers in the State of Arizona.
719:
Mississippi code Title 19 Chapter 19 defines the roles, powers, and duties of constables.
8:
1954:
1353:
1223:
592:
166:
122:
62:
1365:
623:, constables are traditionally elected in each voting ward, which is a subdivision of a
1707:
1524:
1503:
1482:
1087:
604:
569:
422:
375:
268:
204:
192:
25:
1775:"Abusing the Badge: A Report on the SCI's Investigation into Constables in New Jersey"
528:
district in the state. There are between three and eight magistrate districts in each
1406:
1242:
509:
501:
252:
107:
1689:
1148:
1065:
1061:
1024:
410:
50:
1774:
1641:
1341:
1322:
1249:
1202: with: Description of constables before they were abolished. You can help by
1091:
1090:
of 1876 (Article 5, Section 18) provides for the election of a constable in each
1081:
444:
331:
179:
158:
87:
1877:
1861:
1668:
Good Question: What powers, privileges and duties do Kentucky constables have? ]
872:
under Ohio law, as are sheriffs, municipal police officers, state park rangers,
1060:, are held during the presidential mid-terms. Unexpired terms may be filled by
1016:
869:
845:
825:
379:
284:
276:
183:
138:
76:
1457:
568:
of the county) they may equip their vehicles with oscillating blue lights and
1928:
656:
628:
548:
505:
339:
228:
134:
114:
58:
17:
1634:
1156:
998:
901:
877:
561:
170:
1894:
https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title15.2/chapter17/section15.2-1704/
1152:
912:
assist in serving the common pleas court, when requested by the sheriff.
808:
705:
672:
565:
403:
264:
1191:
966:
888:
or unlawful assemblies, enforce state law and generally keep the peace.
525:
351:
157:, a constable is an appointed official with limited police powers. The
67:
908:
were the first form of law enforcement for the State of Pennsylvania.
1044:
876:
troopers, etc., and have full law-enforcement authority within their
620:
21:
1176:
881:
862:
684:
552:
521:
456:
319:
260:
142:
33:
1739:
https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/80th2019/Bills/SB/SB462_EN.pdf
1728:
https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/78th2015/Bills/SB/SB285_EN.pdf
1144:
1103:
556:
537:
390:
359:
256:
224:
99:
29:
733:
671:
A constable is, however, a public peace officer and requires a
632:
624:
576:
291:
154:
118:
37:
421:
Constables who are elected officials are generally limited to
1099:
712:
courts); and attend the justices' courts of their districts.
493:
977: with: something besides random trivia. You can help by
508:, the position was effectively eliminated in 1970, when the
1791:
1124:
885:
858:
786:
offered will, however, vary from one constable to another.
272:
54:
1752:"Legislation would abolish 'antiquated' county constables"
1644:, Kentucky Legislative Research Commission, November 2002
1155:, and of injured deer; removal of disorderly people from
1056:
elections, but not all. Some constable elections, as in
66:
constable, the most important of these powers being the
828:
law. Their powers can be limited by each jurisdiction.
772:
The primary duties of constables are to act as a civil
199:. Alaska also has a naval militia composed of reserve
133:
Counties). They are generally responsible for serving
358:, the lowest tier of the state court system (whereas
182:
patrols. They were put on initial alert to deploy to
857:The appointment of constables is authorized by the
603:Department of Criminal Justice Training Academy in
1428:"Constitution of Arkansas, Article 7, Section 47"
492:The office of constable was first established in
251:or other competent authorities. Constables serve
1926:
1568:, State of Idaho Office of the Attorney General
61:executed. Following the example of the British
1792:"The Official Website of Governor Phil Murphy"
330:officers. The office of constable, which is a
20:, there is no consistent use of the office of
1678:HB 239 (2022) Legislative Research Commission
1654:HB 239 (2022) Legislative Research Commission
1403:"Opinion of the Attorney-General of Arkansas"
692:. They were not named as officers of the new
1779:New Jersey State Commission of Investigation
805:New Jersey State Commission of Investigation
496:in 1887; constables originally attended the
385:Legislation in 1923 allowed the creation of
79:, depending on the particular organization.
1288:"Constables getting more respect in county"
776:agency. This includes the service of civil
575:Most constables in Kentucky are not paid a
1147:, constables are generally elected by the
868:Duly sworn Ohio constables are considered
326:level, although constables are considered
242:The authority of constables is defined by
1781:, December 2021. Accessed March 18, 2024.
1749:
1285:
918:Each constable may, with approval of the
789:
593:Lexington-Fayette Urban County government
322:, constable is an elected office at the
1433:. www.arkleg.state.ar.us. Archived from
599:cut it to $ 100 a month, plus expenses.
389:in cities with over 40,000 people, with
1033:South Carolina Law Enforcement Division
1927:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1579:"Idaho Statutes, Title 34, Chapter 11"
1564:
1562:
1102:constable generally include providing
1690:"Hartley v. Inhabitants of Granville"
1604:"Idaho Statutes, Title 19, Chapter 5"
1525:"Title 10, Chapter 29, Delaware Code"
1504:"Title 10, Chapter 27, Delaware Code"
1483:"Title 10, Chapter 28, Delaware Code"
1167:required annual in-service training.
904:are elected peace officers. In fact,
402:There are two types of constables in
1950:County sheriffs in the United States
1460:, California Law Revision Commission
1186:
961:
409:Special constables are appointed by
1621:
1559:
767:
524:, constables are elected from each
106:is traditionally elected from each
13:
1835:N.Y. Criminal Procedure L. § 2.20.
1826:N.Y. Criminal Procedure L. § 2.10.
1817:, Justia. Accessed March 18, 2024.
1692:. masscases.com. October 22, 1913.
1635:Duties of Elected County Officials
1485:. Delcode.delaware.gov. 2009-05-14
1463:
1011:State Constables in South Carolina
727:
655:The jurisdiction of constables in
334:office, is guaranteed by the 1874
209:Alaska Department of Public Safety
14:
1966:
1405:. Ag.arkansas.gov. Archived from
1252:, North Carolina Wesleyan College
1004:
839:
1750:DiFilippo, Dana (May 19, 2023).
1368:Mobile County Constables' Office
1190:
1182:
965:
650:
1912:
1898:
1887:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1808:
1784:
1768:
1743:
1732:
1721:
1696:
1682:
1671:
1658:
1647:
1596:
1571:
1538:
1517:
1496:
1475:
1451:
1420:
1395:
1383:
1243:A Brief Guide to Police History
957:
937:eviction and judgement levies.
895:
1606:. .state.id.us. Archived from
1581:. .state.id.us. Archived from
1371:
1359:
1347:
1328:
1309:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1236:
744:
699:
500:courts and were officers of a
397:
306:county has 10 constables, and
213:Village Public Safety Officers
1:
1229:
906:Pennsylvania State Constables
844:Constables were abolished in
798:
455:Transplanted from England to
345:
1706:. Mscode.com. Archived from
1135:matters and bailiff duties.
1038:
614:
350:Historically, constables in
227:, a constable is an elected
7:
1935:Law enforcement occupations
1170:
819:
678:
532:. Under Section 101 of the
515:
450:
313:
10:
1971:
1392:, Arizona Revised Statutes
1380:, Arizona Revised Statutes
1138:
1079:
1029:Governor of South Carolina
1008:
475:
302:county has 26 constables,
218:
163:Alaska State Defense Force
93:
1340:January 18, 2012, at the
1321:October 14, 2013, at the
1019:, a state constable is a
722:
342:with full police powers.
148:
1286:Ed Howell (2017-07-11).
1075:
638:
631:and have full powers of
597:Louisville Metro Council
487:
472:and animal cruelty law.
415:Connecticut State Police
336:Constitution of Arkansas
244:Arizona Revised Statutes
117:and have full powers of
1118:
1031:, and regulated by the
1021:law enforcement officer
852:
583:, this only applies in
432:law enforcement officer
178:, disaster relief, and
169:, is designated as the
113:Alabama constables are
1640:June 22, 2012, at the
1546:"O.C.G.A. § 15-10-102"
1527:. Delcode.delaware.gov
1506:. Delcode.delaware.gov
1276:, accessed 2020-02-23.
1274:Ala. Code § 36-23-1(b)
1264:, accessed 2020-02-23.
1262:Ala. Code § 36-23-1(a)
1049:Tennessee Constitution
1025:reserve police officer
790:Additional information
231:of the county for the
1867:on November 20, 2007.
1548:. Web.lexis-nexis.com
534:Kentucky Constitution
423:serving civil process
354:were attached to the
1472:, Delaware Constable
1366:About the Constables
1356:, Alabama State Code
1344:, Alabama State Code
1325:, Alabama State Code
1292:Daily Mountain Eagle
1108:justice of the peace
752:Hansen v Bell et al.
690:justice of the peace
662:Hartley v. Granville
545:justice of the peace
498:justice of the peace
428:road traffic control
295:board of supervisors
249:justice of the peace
75:, and historically,
1224:Davy, West Virginia
997:It is noted in the
279:, and act as court
167:state defense force
63:Metropolitan Police
1906:"Municode Library"
1756:New Jersey Monitor
1704:"Mississippi Code"
1440:on October 3, 2008
1248:2007-12-16 at the
1222:David F. Green of
1088:Texas Constitution
376:service of process
362:served the county
269:service of process
26:service of process
1940:Legal professions
1883:on July 24, 2007.
1871:"OAG.state.tx.us"
1855:"OAG.state.tx.us"
1220:
1219:
995:
994:
627:. Constables are
510:Idaho Legislature
372:judicial district
283:. Constables are
253:protective orders
123:State Legislature
108:election precinct
1962:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1876:. Archived from
1875:
1868:
1866:
1860:. Archived from
1859:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
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1600:
1594:
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1575:
1569:
1566:
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1542:
1536:
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1500:
1494:
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1491:
1490:
1479:
1473:
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1461:
1455:
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1418:
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1414:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1294:. Archived from
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1240:
1215:
1212:
1194:
1187:
1123:In the State of
1098:The duties of a
1066:primary election
1062:special election
990:
987:
969:
962:
768:Responsibilities
589:Jefferson County
585:Louisville Metro
581:2000 U.S. Census
387:municipal courts
233:justice precinct
51:Parish Constable
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1758:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1642:Wayback Machine
1633:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
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1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1354:Section 15-10-1
1352:
1348:
1342:Wayback Machine
1335:Section 15-5-30
1333:
1329:
1323:Wayback Machine
1316:Section 36-23-5
1314:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1250:Wayback Machine
1241:
1237:
1232:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1200:needs expansion
1185:
1173:
1141:
1121:
1084:
1082:Texas constable
1078:
1041:
1013:
1007:
991:
985:
982:
975:needs expansion
960:
920:president judge
898:
855:
842:
822:
801:
792:
770:
747:
730:
728:Basic authority
725:
702:
681:
653:
641:
617:
518:
490:
478:
453:
440:county sheriffs
400:
380:arrest warrants
364:superior courts
348:
316:
277:arrest warrants
221:
201:US Marine Corps
180:Alaska Pipeline
159:military police
151:
139:process servers
96:
38:law enforcement
12:
11:
5:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1897:
1886:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1807:
1783:
1767:
1742:
1731:
1720:
1695:
1681:
1670:
1657:
1646:
1620:
1595:
1570:
1558:
1537:
1516:
1495:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1419:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1327:
1308:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1140:
1137:
1120:
1117:
1080:Main article:
1077:
1074:
1040:
1037:
1017:South Carolina
1009:Main article:
1006:
1005:South Carolina
1003:
993:
992:
972:
970:
959:
956:
900:Constables in
897:
894:
874:Highway Patrol
870:peace officers
854:
851:
846:North Carolina
841:
840:North Carolina
838:
826:New York State
821:
818:
800:
797:
791:
788:
769:
766:
746:
743:
732:Constables in
729:
726:
724:
721:
701:
698:
694:district court
680:
677:
652:
649:
640:
637:
629:peace officers
616:
613:
517:
514:
506:peace officers
489:
486:
477:
474:
452:
449:
399:
396:
356:justice courts
347:
344:
340:peace officers
315:
312:
310:county has 6.
285:peace officers
220:
217:
189:National Guard
165:, a voluntary
150:
147:
137:and acting as
115:peace officers
95:
92:
41:state's laws.
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1967:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1724:
1710:on 2009-03-13
1709:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1610:on 2001-09-06
1609:
1605:
1599:
1585:on 2001-09-14
1584:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1547:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1409:on 2011-11-26
1408:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1298:on 2020-02-23
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1211:December 2021
1205:
1201:
1198:This section
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:West Virginia
1180:
1178:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:town meetings
1154:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Greene County
1055:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1002:
1000:
989:
986:December 2021
980:
976:
973:This section
971:
968:
964:
963:
955:
952:
948:
945:
942:
938:
934:
931:
928:
924:
921:
916:
913:
909:
907:
903:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
878:jurisdictions
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
850:
847:
837:
833:
829:
827:
817:
813:
810:
806:
796:
787:
784:
779:
775:
765:
762:
757:
753:
742:
738:
735:
720:
717:
713:
709:
707:
697:
695:
691:
686:
676:
674:
669:
665:
663:
658:
657:Massachusetts
651:Massachusetts
648:
645:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
612:
609:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
513:
511:
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503:
499:
495:
485:
483:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
448:
446:
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436:
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429:
424:
419:
416:
412:
407:
405:
395:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
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341:
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321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
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288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
229:peace officer
226:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
146:
145:they arrest.
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
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116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
91:
89:
83:
80:
78:
74:
69:
64:
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56:
52:
48:
42:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
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18:United States
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1458:Study J-100
1161:corporation
884:, suppress
809:Phil Murphy
783:enforcement
745:Hansen case
706:Mississippi
700:Mississippi
566:legislature
404:Connecticut
398:Connecticut
161:arm of the
57:served and
1955:Constables
1929:Categories
1918:sos.wv.gov
1801:2024-03-18
1761:2024-03-18
1714:2009-05-28
1614:2009-05-28
1589:2009-05-28
1552:2009-05-28
1531:2009-05-28
1510:2009-05-28
1489:2009-05-28
1444:2011-03-06
1413:2009-05-28
1302:2020-02-23
1230:References
799:New Jersey
774:operations
526:magistrate
352:California
346:California
68:common law
28:: such as
1470:Constable
1045:Tennessee
1039:Tennessee
882:fugitives
863:townships
621:Louisiana
615:Louisiana
557:summonses
553:subpoenas
370:(later a
261:subpoenas
197:Air Force
143:criminals
131:Jefferson
104:constable
34:subpoenas
30:summonses
22:constable
1638:Archived
1338:Archived
1319:Archived
1246:Archived
1177:Virginia
1171:Virginia
1106:for the
1104:bailiffs
1092:precinct
820:New York
685:Michigan
679:Michigan
605:Richmond
591:and the
549:warrants
522:Kentucky
516:Kentucky
502:precinct
457:Delaware
451:Delaware
391:marshals
368:township
360:sheriffs
332:partisan
324:township
320:Arkansas
314:Arkansas
300:Maricopa
281:bailiffs
135:warrants
47:watchmen
1145:Vermont
1139:Vermont
778:process
538:sheriff
482:Georgia
476:Georgia
257:summons
237:sheriff
225:Arizona
219:Arizona
191:of the
100:Alabama
94:Alabama
88:marshal
77:private
73:trooper
59:warrant
16:In the
1796:nj.gov
1390:22-132
1378:22-131
756:Hansen
734:Nevada
723:Nevada
633:arrest
625:parish
577:salary
570:sirens
530:county
328:county
292:county
184:Bethel
155:Alaska
149:Alaska
127:Etowah
119:arrest
1881:(PDF)
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1100:Texas
1076:Texas
886:riots
761:shall
754:. In
639:Maine
564:(the
494:Idaho
488:Idaho
411:towns
308:Pinal
273:writs
1149:town
1125:Utah
1119:Utah
1086:The
859:Ohio
853:Ohio
673:bond
304:Pima
275:and
259:and
205:Navy
203:and
195:and
193:Army
176:9-11
129:and
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