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1216:) who had been chosen by joint ballot of the Legislature, were now elected by the voters at the state elections in odd years. The incumbents were legislated out of office on December 31, 1847. The successors were elected at the state election in November and took office on January 1, 1848. From 1848 on, the state officers served a two-year term, one year in the second half of the term of the incumbent Governor, the other year in the first half of the term of the succeeding Governor.
206:, which consists of a Senate containing 50 members initially, and an Assembly containing 150 members. Except for Senators elected in 1895 who served three-year terms, every legislative member is elected to two-year terms. The current number of Senators is set by State Law §123, and the number of Senate districts is set at 63 by State Law §124; currently, there are 63 Senate seats. The legislative process, such as the passage of bills, is also described in this article.
59:
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provision was made for an increase in each chamber at stated periods, until the maximum should be reached, which was fixed at one hundred senators and three hundred members of assembly. The increase in membership had apparently been more rapid than was at first anticipated. At that time the Senate had increased to forty-three members, and the
Assembly to one hundred and twenty-six members.
780:, who presided. Tompkins was one of the 14 who voted against the right of nomination being given to the members of the Council of Appointments and the Governor concurrently, a minority which was defeated by 86 votes for this compromise. Previously, both motions, to vest the right of nomination either exclusively in the governor or exclusively in the Council members, were defeated.
2249:
In the 1960s, with the increasing changes and expansions of populations with the changing society, demand grew for a new
Constitution. Thus, in 1965, the State Legislature put the question to the voters on the holding of a constitutional convention in 1967, and the voters approved it. A committee was
230:
Emergency powers are described in
Section 25. The legislature is granted the power to enact measures allowing the continuity of government, and "provide for prompt and temporary succession" of public offices if they were to become unavailable in the event of an emergency caused by "enemy attack or by
213:
is used to determine the number of inhabitants; if it is not carried out or fails to provide this information, then the state
Legislature has the power to enumerate its inhabitants. Whenever districts must be amended, an "independent redistricting commission" composed of ten members (two appointed by
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All of the proposals from the seventh
Constitutional Convention of 1915 were grouped into five questions, all of which were rejected by the people. However, all was not lost. In 1925, a revised Article 5, containing many proposals from the Fifth Convention of 1915, was submitted to the people/voters
1866:
Under the 1894 Constitution, the people were to vote on the holding of a seventh
Constitutional Convention in 1916. However, the Governor proposed that the Convention be moved up to 1915 so that it would not be overshadowed by other issues. Thus, in April 1914, a referendum approved a Constitutional
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to veto the bill. The
Bucktails did not have a two-thirds majority in the legislature to override the veto. During the regular session (beginning in January 1821), the Legislature passed a new bill that put the question to the people. At the state election in April 1821, the people voted in favor of
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led to the call for a
Constitutional Convention by the Bucktail members of the legislature, against Clinton's fierce opposition. Their intention was to transfer powers from the executive to the legislative branch of the government. In November 1820, the legislature passed a bill which authorized the
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was extended from 8 to 14 years, and the rotative renewal (every two years one Judge or
Justice had been elected to an eight-year term; in case of a vacancy, a special election was held to fill the remainder of the term only) was abolished. Instead, vacancies were filled as they occurred (by death,
696:
of Albany, or who was made a freeman of the city of New York on or before the fourteenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five, and shall be actually and usually resident in the said cities, respectively, shall be entitled to vote for representatives in
134:
During the 20th century, the State held three constitutional conventions, the efforts of two of which were rejected by the New York State electorate. However, portions of the seventh Convention's proposals of 1915, were adopted separately later in 1925 and 1927. The eighth Constitutional Convention
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begins: "The lands of the state, now owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve as now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold,
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Whether or not a limited-call convention dealing with specific issues is constitutional or not remains unclear. Proponents argue that because the Constitution is a limiting, and not a granting, document, then it is. They point to the fact that the 1801 Convention was a limited-call one. Opponents
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Originally, the 1915 Convention proposed numerous overhauls to the judicial system. The Legislature rejected this article and it was not sent to the voters. However, in 1921, the Legislature authorized a group of thirty people to revise the judiciary article of the 1894 Constitution. However, the
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The number of state senators was increased from 32 to 50; and the number of assemblymen from 128 to 150. Legislative voting districts were allocated among counties based on citizen population, not total population, so as to exclude the flow of immigrants through Ellis Island. A complex allocation
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Any legislative proposal must be approved by two successive Legislatures before being submitted for voter approval. If a convention is called, fifteen at-large members and three members per Senate district will be elected. These members will be compensated on the level of an Assembly member. The
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aforesaid, he shall have been a freeholder, possessing a freehold of the value of twenty pounds, within the said county, or have rented a tenement therein of the yearly value of forty shillings, and been rated and actually paid taxes to this State: Provided always, That every person who now is a
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gave an impassioned speech at the Convention arguing that the right to vote should be extended to free African Americans. "Peter Augustus Jay, one of a minority of advocates of universal manhood suffrage, insisted that the idea that black people were naturally inferior had long been 'completely
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for the purpose of considering the question of the interpretation of §23 of the Constitution, and also that part of the Constitution relating to the number of members of both Senate and Assembly. The Senate was originally composed of twenty-four members, and the Assembly of seventy members, and
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Article II describes the rights and requirements involved in voting. All citizens over eighteen are allowed to vote if they have been a resident at least 30 days before the date of an election. Any form of bribery or compensation to compel the giving or withholding of a vote is not allowed. The
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VII. That every male inhabitant of full age, who shall have personally resided within one of the counties of this State for six months immediately preceding the day of election, shall, at such election, be entitled to vote for representatives of the said county in assembly; if, during the time
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suggested to the Legislature that a non-partisan Constitutional Commission of 32 members should be formed. The Commission had four members from each senatorial district, appointed by the Governor, and confirmed by the State Senate, equally divided between the two major political parties. The
727:. Governor Jay claimed that under the Constitution the Governor had the exclusive right of nomination, but some members of the Council of Appointment claimed a concurrent right of nomination. This, the Governor denied, and in this message he recommends that it be settled in some way.
540:. It retained provisions from the Colonial Charter such as the substantial property qualification for voting and the ability of the Governor to prorogue (dismiss) the Legislature. This imbalance of power between the branches of state government kept the elite firmly in control, and
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Commission met from December 4, 1872, to March 15, 1873. They proposed amendments to the Constitution of 1846, which was still in force with amendments which were then approved or rejected by the Legislature, and those approved were then submitted to the voters for ratification.
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The 1938 Convention did not actually adopt a new Constitution, but it did propose changes (57 amendments in all) to the continuing Constitution of 1894, which were bundled into nine questions for the voters; only six questions of amendments were approved. Changes approved were:
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On January 27, 1893, the Legislature passed "An Act to amend chapter 398, of the Laws of 1892, entitled 'An Act to provide for a convention to revise and amend the Constitution'", calling a Constitutional Convention to meet in 1894. The 175 delegates were elected at the
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were moved from the last week in April to the first week in November. Beginning in 1823, the terms of the governor (two-year term), lieutenant governor (two-year term), state senators (four-year term) and assemblymen (one-year term) coincided with the calendar
1055:
226:
voting rights. Each district must contain "as nearly as may be an equal number of inhabitants"; if it does not the commission must provide a reason. Additionally, districts must consist of a contiguous territory and be "as compact in form as practicable".
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established to gather information for the Convention. In 1966, 186 people were elected to become members in the 9th Constitutional Convention. Unlike all of the other Conventions, the candidates for membership ran in partisan elections of which the
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The work of creating a democratic and free independent state continued by the Convention through the bitter winter with the British quartered in the City of New York and Washington's few thousand troops camped in winter quarters to the southwest in
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of 1938, unlike all other state constitutional conventions since 1801, did not actually propose an entirely new Constitution, but just substantially modified the 1894 Constitution, from the sixth Convention, which was (and is) still in force.
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The Constitution established in 1894 required the voters to vote on the necessity of a subsequent constitutional convention in 1936. On November 3, 1936, the voters approved the holding of a Convention which was held two years later in 1938.
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The addition of a "statute of restrictions," or "two-part constitution," whereby a short Constitution would be enacted, with other provisions being placed in a separate document that differed from normal statute, as it took two years to
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The Federal and State Constitutions Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America, Compiled and Edited Under the Act of Congress of June 30,
1814:
The election of state officers (Secretary of State, Comptroller, Attorney General; Treasurer; State Engineer) and state senators was moved from odd-numbered years to even-numbered years, henceforth coinciding with the gubernatorial
723:) on the following day, in relation to the Council of Appointment, reciting the differences which had existed between Council and Governor, not only during his own term, but during the term of his predecessor,
706:
The Constitutional Convention of 1801 was not convened to propose a new Constitution. Instead, it formed purely to resolve differences of interpretation of §23 of the 1777 Constitution, which provided for a
222:, two appointed by the Senate Minority Leader, two appointed by the Assembly Minority Leader, and two appointed by the eight other appointed members) is created. Drawing of district lines must not violate
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Article I establishes the rights and personal freedoms of the people, as well as the responsibilities and limitations of the government. Many of the provisions in this article are similar to those in the
125:: in 1776–1777, 1801, 1821, 1846, 1867–1868, 1894, 1915, 1938, and 1967; a Constitutional Commission in 1872–1873; and a Judicial Convention in 1921. Despite this, the state has had only four essentially
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disasters (natural or otherwise)". The final paragraph states: "Nothing in this article shall be construed to limit in any way the power of the state to deal with emergencies arising from any cause".
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According to the Constitution of 1846, twenty years after its elaboration the electorate was asked if they wanted a constitutional convention to be held, which was answered in the affirmative at the
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presided. Between January 15 and 17, 1822, the new constitution, as amended by the convention, was put before the voters for ratification as a whole, and was accepted: for 74,732; against 41,402.
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for another year and a half, the questions being if to vote for the whole Constitution or separately for some or all articles. In the end, the new Constitution was rejected by the voters at the
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The proposed changes were bundled into one document and were met with stiff opposition. Thus, in November 1967, the voters rejected the new Constitution, with no county voting in favor.
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formula was used to ensure that upstate areas would receive senate and assembly districts far in excess of their share of the overall population. Before the Supreme Court's influential
1601:, in three parts: the new legislative apportionment; the proposed canal improvements; and 31 miscellaneous amendments to the Constitution; which were all adopted by the voters.
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Article IV states that executive branch powers are vested in the governor and lieutenant governor, who are elected jointly to serve four-year terms. The governor can
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the rejection of the new proposed Constitution of 1867-68, and by 1869 the Democrats had a majority in the State. Only the "Judicial Article" which re-organized the
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The election of the delegates took place in August; the Convention met on the second Tuesday in October at Albany. It ended two weeks later on October 27, 1801.
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Documents of the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York, 1915, begun and held at the Capitol in the City of Albany on Tuesday the sixth day of April
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legislative bills, is the commander-in-chief of the state's military, can convene the legislature "on extraordinary occasions", and has the power to grant
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A reorganization of state government leaving it with 17 departments, reducing the number of elected officials, and providing for the appointment of others
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was abolished. Its power to veto new legislation was transferred to the governor, whose veto could be overcome by a two-thirds vote of the legislature.
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283:, the operation of trials, and the conditions for appointing and removing judges and justices. It contains 37 sections, more than any other article.
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We The People of the State of New York, grateful to Almighty God for our Freedom, in order to secure its blessings, DO ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION.
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Journals of the Provincial Congress, Provincial Convention, Committee of Safety, and Council of Safety of the State of New York, 1775, 1776 1777
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Black men were granted the vote, but with a property qualification which effectively disfranchised nearly all of them. It was at this time that
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was abolished and the vast majority of formerly appointive offices were made elective. State officeholders were elected by joint ballot of the
501:, on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the new Constitution was adopted with but one dissenting vote, and then adjourned. The site is now
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to head a committee to gather information for the convention's use. The twelve-volume report they produced is called the "Poletti Report".
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There was deep division among New Yorkers over the merits of the amended constitution. Those who opposed it and who did not sign included:
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Convention will meet continuously in the Capitol until they conclude their work from the first Tuesday of April following their election.
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with 352,854 votes for, and 256,364 against the convention. On April 23, 1867, the delegates were elected, and the convention had a small
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decisions of the 1960s, the Republican Party would control the state assembly for sixty-six years and the state senate for fifty-seven.
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Since the original Constitution had no provisions as to how to amend it, on April 6, 1801, the legislature passed a law with the title
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argue that because the Constitution does not expressly provide for such a Convention, any such convention would be unconstitutional.
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The assembly was given 100 members, and provision was made for a possible increase to 150, by additions to be made after each census.
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Under this Constitution, the lower chamber Assembly had a provision for a maximum of 70 Members, with the following apportionment:
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Provisions for tenants' rights were added, abolishing feudal tenures and outlawing leases lasting longer than twelve years (See
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505:. The constitution was not submitted to the people for ratification, however because of the war situation. It was drafted by
473:. There were repeated adjournments and changes of location, caused by the increasingly desperate war situation, with General
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Wilder, Craig Steven, A covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn 1636 – 1990, Columbia University Press, 2000.
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The First Constitution of 1777, which replaced this Colonial Charter with its royal authority, for the newly independent "
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The first meeting of the annual legislative session was moved from the first Tuesday to the first Wednesday in January.
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was established in July 1847, consisting of four statewide elected judges and four justices chosen annually from the
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and accepted in a referendum/election. In 1927, the budget proposal from the Fifth Convention was also accepted.
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was to be formed by the Commissioners of the Canal Fund (the State Cabinet officers) and the Canal Commissioners
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proposed article included many proposals from the 1915 Convention, and was again rejected by the Legislature.
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constitutions in its history, those of 1777 (replacing the former colonial charter), 1821, 1846, and 1894.
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After the rejection of all amendments proposed by the Convention of 1867–68, except the judicial article,
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was to succeed to the governor's office "for the residue of the term" whenever a vacancy occurred, unlike
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The article includes rules and processes for drawing legislative districts and making apportionments. The
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by Alden Chester & Edwin Melvin Williams (Vol. I; pg. 713ff, "The Constitutional Commission of 1872")
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in Albany; and adjourned on September 29. The revised Constitution was submitted for ratification at the
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Convention to be held in 1915. There were 168 delegates to the 1915 Convention. The delegates included:
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on June 1, 1846, and adjourned on October 9. The new Constitution was put before the voters at the next
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New York's constitution consists of a preamble and 20 articles. It was last amended on January 1, 2018.
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article also establishes the general operation of absentee ballots, voter registration, and elections.
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was totally re-organized. Instead of eight Judges, four elected statewide and four selected from the
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This Constitution was a combination document, containing its own "Declaration of Independence" from
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94:, New York's constitution's provisions tend to be more detailed and amended more often than its
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New York City was excluded from debt limits in order to finance a public rapid transport system
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Article XX describes the day that the constitution will take effect, which is January 1, 1939.
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holding of a convention with unlimited powers. Governor Clinton cast the deciding vote in the
567:(Now Albany, Columbia, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Greene, Schoharie, and Schenectady Counties), ten
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Through a Convention, also subject to voter approval, which can be called in one of two ways:
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Giving the State Legislature the authority, with voters' consent, to alter county government
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has the lieutenant governor first in line, and then the temporary president of the Senate.
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98:. Because the history of the state constitution differs from the federal constitution, the
2863:"New York State Constitutional Reform - Past Political Battles in Constitutional Language"
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There were 168 delegates to the Eighth Constitutional Convention of 1938. These included
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State takeover of costs for the court system, and the administration of welfare programs
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Removing from the State Legislature the power to review local matters and private claims
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The terms of the Governor and lieutenant Governor was increased from two to three years.
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The term of the governor and lieutenant governor was shortened from three to two years.
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The current New York State Constitution of 1894/1938 can be amended in two main ways:
497:. The first Constitutional Convention in New York's history terminated its labors at
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Principles, institutions and law of political governance in the U.S. state of New York
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The Governor's right to prorogue (dismiss) the legislature at will was abolished.
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were created, one in each senatorial district. Until then, the justices of the
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114:"New York State Constitutional Convention" redirects here. For other uses, see
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were abolished, and were succeeded by a Superintendent of State Prisons and a
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legislature (Assembly and State Senate) and a strong executive branch with a
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was adopted by a small majority, with 247,240 for and 240,442 against it.
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This apportionment stood unchanged until seven years after the end of the
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461:) on Sunday evening, July 10, 1776. The city was then threatened with a
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260:
2743:
Constitution Making In A Democracy Theory And Practice In New York State
379:
was established after the naval invasion and absorption of the previous
3497:
3450:
2637:
One Person, One Vote: A Surprising History of Gerrymandering in America
1868:
1617:
1280:
1078:
955:
777:
66:
2605:
Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York 1894
3596:
3412:
1059:
Manual for the use of the Convention, first page of list of delegates
820:
634:
557:
533:
200:
3833:
3656:
2234:
An amendment setting out the rights of public works projects workers
3530:
3288:
2155:
Establishing a conservation commission to oversee natural resources
1944:
1888:
1071:
in November and was adopted. Yes: 221,528 votes, No: 92,436 votes.
1020:
794:
719:) on February 26, 1801, and the same message to the upper chamber (
712:
506:
440:
83:
2834:"Amending the New York State Constitution - Current Reform Issues"
2561:
Frank Hiscock took the seat to which had been elected his brother
2509:
Jacksonian Aristocracy: Class and Democracy in New York, 1830–1860
793:
The right of nomination, formerly vested in the governor only (as
2497:
compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
2352:"Schaffer Law Library's Guide on the New York State Constitution"
412:
2894:
Reports of the Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of 1821
2702:
1465:
resignation, or term expiration), always to a full 14-year term.
102:
has seen fit to interpret analogous provisions differently from
2809:. The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York
2393:. The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York
1579:, appointed by the governor, and confirmed by the State Senate.
244:
1144:). These constitutional changes took place in response to the
1178:
were abolished, and replaced by the district benches of the
805:
254:
3257:
2843:. Albany: The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government
2272:, which prohibited the State from funding parochial schools
1012:
Property qualifications for white men to vote were removed.
521:, who would subsequently help write the U.S. Constitution.
240:
2209:, the Chief Judge of the State Court of Appeals. Governor
346:
199:
Article III establishes the powers and limitations of the
2580:
issued by the Secretary of State's office, New York, 1867
2308:
By proposal of the Legislature, subject to voter approval
2278:
Allowing the legislature to incur debt without referendum
1469:
1220:
182:, and security against unreasonable search and seizures.
2721:
2140:
Improvements in the ways the State could become indebted
279:
Article VI describes the judicial branch, including the
2934:
2466:
1434:
The changes in this version of the constitution were:
1136:
The changes in this version of the constitution were:
1113:
who won popular vote but lost in electoral college to
965:
The changes in this version of the constitution were:
783:
The changes in this version of the Constitution were:
370:
Convention of Representatives of the State of New York
903:
Supporters who signed the new constitution included:
247:
for all offenses except treason and impeachment. The
2805:
New York State Archives and Records Administration.
2786:
2774:
2762:
2750:
2709:
2673:
2591:
Courts and Lawyers of New York: A History, 1609–1925
2511:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 66–69.
2389:
New York State Archives and Records Administration.
2244:
2176:
1861:
1583:
1050:
810:
701:
2448:
2311:
Through the automatic referendum every twenty years
999:; others by local popular or legislative elections.
787:
The number of senators was permanently fixed at 32.
78:establishes the structure of the government of the
351:
3923:Wrote, Preamble to the United States Constitution
2827:
629:; included all of New York State to the west, to
359:
4035:
2384:
2382:
1450:and six Associate Judges, all elected statewide.
316:
296:
2472:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
336:
291:
3884:Minister to the Court of Versailles, 1792–1794
2660:Article XIV of the New York State Constitution
2639:. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 233–234.
2444:. Vol. I. Albany. 1842. pp. 892–898.
2254:won a majority. The Convention was chaired by
2189:(former Governor and presidential candidate),
836:The convention met from August to November in
544:the majority of the male New York population.
286:
3849:
3760:Jefferson Memorial Committee of Five pediment
3672:
3413:Jay Court, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
3273:
2920:
2379:
815:In 1821, the power struggle between Governor
715:sent a special message to the lower chamber (
116:Constitutional convention (political meeting)
109:
2289:
2167:
1830:was given perpetual protection as wild land.
1448:Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
697:assembly within his said place of residence.
687:, Article VII of the new constitution said:
321:
156:
1019:, one of the delegates and also the son of
583:(now Bronx and Westchester counties), six.
194:
3877:United States Senator, New York, 1800–1803
3856:
3842:
3720:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
3679:
3665:
3325:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
3280:
3266:
2927:
2913:
301:
806:New York State Constitutional Conventions
341:
255:Article V: Officers and Civil Departments
106:'s interpretation of federal provisions.
82:, and enumerates the basic rights of the
4049:State constitutions of the United States
2739:
2634:
2265:Expansion of individual citizens' rights
2237:A number of non-controversial amendments
1567:The statewide elective offices of three
1233:majority. The convention met in June at
1054:
331:
306:
274:
234:
3812:First inauguration of George Washington
2807:"The Constitutional Convention of 1967"
2413:"Constitution of The State of New York"
2391:"The Constitutional Convention of 1938"
873:, Justice of the New York Supreme Court
601:(now Queens and Nassau Counties), four.
347:Article XIX: Amendments to Constitution
311:
185:
138:
4036:
3891:Second Continental Congress, 1778–1779
3309:1st Chief Justice of the United States
2506:
1470:Constitutional Commission of 1872–1873
1455:Clerk of the New York Court of Appeals
1221:Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868
3863:
3837:
3686:
3660:
3646:Founding Fathers of the United States
3341:President of the Continental Congress
3261:
2908:
2860:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2727:
2715:
2679:
2619:The Constitutional Convention of 1894
2454:
2258:, the Speaker of the State Assembly.
910:, future Vice President and President
326:
259:Article V describes the roles of the
76:Constitution of the State of New York
22:Constitution of the State of New York
3536:John Jay College of Criminal Justice
3468:Letters to the inhabitants of Canada
1024:refuted and universally exploded.'"
680:was held to correct apportionments.
271:, of which there can be at most 20.
121:The State of New York has held nine
4069:American constitutional conventions
3602:Jacobus Van Cortlandt (grandfather)
2936:State constitutions (United States)
2697:. Albany: J.B. Lyon Company. 1915.
1871:(the President of the Convention),
775:Vice President of the United States
515:Chancellor of the State of New York
387:. The original proprietor was the
366:Fourth New York Provincial Congress
13:
3381:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2746:. London: Oxford University Press.
2149:Simplification of the court system
1457:was not elected statewide anymore.
1157:Court for the Correction of Errors
732:"An Act Recommending a Convention"
663:(seceded January 15, 1777, to the
653:(seceded January 15, 1777, to the
560:(that is, Manhattan Island), nine.
548:was legal in New York until 1827.
14:
4080:
4054:Legal history of New York (state)
3912:Signed, Articles of Confederation
2881:
2565:who was murdered on June 4, 1867.
2245:Constitutional Convention of 1967
2205:). The Convention was chaired by
2177:Constitutional Convention of 1938
2152:State control over tax assessment
1862:Constitutional Convention of 1915
1835:Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation
1584:Constitutional Convention of 1894
1051:Constitutional Convention of 1846
852:Vice President Daniel D. Tompkins
811:Constitutional Convention of 1821
702:Constitutional Convention of 1801
216:temporary president of the Senate
164:Constitution of the United States
3939:
3317:United States Secretary of State
1167:, jurisdiction on appeal to the
1159:were abolished. Jurisdiction on
503:Senate House State Historic Site
487:New York and New Jersey campaign
399:and younger brother of the then-
267:as well as the operation of the
57:
46:Supreme law of the United States
3961:Village of Gouverneur, New York
3802:Robert Livingston (grandfather)
3737:Louisiana Purchase (negotiated)
3481:The Selected Papers of John Jay
3333:United States Minister to Spain
2888:Constitution (as of 2024) (PDF)
2821:
2798:
2733:
2685:
2653:
2628:
2611:
2597:
2583:
2568:
2555:
2541:
2515:
2467:Thorpe, Francis Newton (1909).
962:were also among the delegates.
352:Article XX: When to Take Effect
166:. Some provisions included are
2574:Complete list of delegates in
2500:
2485:
2476:
2460:
2434:
2405:
2344:
2268:Repealing of the 19th Century
2201:(major builder as head of the
1577:Superintendent of Public Works
801:and the Governor concurrently.
417:King or Queen of Great Britain
360:Constitution of New York, 1777
1:
2900:Text of the 1777 Constitution
2870:William & Mary Law Review
2740:Campbell, Douglas W. (1943).
2549:The Constitutional Convention
2337:
1599:New York state election, 1894
1591:New York state election, 1893
1243:New York state election, 1869
1227:New York state election, 1866
1176:New York State Circuit Courts
1142:Article I, Sections 12 and 14
435:and the formerly independent
411:was under authority from the
317:Article XIII: Public Officers
297:Article IX: Local Governments
4044:Politics of New York (state)
4005:Staats Long Morris (brother)
3990:Gouverneur Morris, Jr. (son)
3956:Town of Gouverneur, New York
3807:Clermont State Historic Site
3587:John Clarkson Jay (grandson)
3434:New York Manumission Society
3287:
2524:The Tribune Almanac for 1868
1196:The state cabinet officers (
1040:New York State Supreme Court
337:Article XVII: Social Welfare
292:Article VIII: Local Finances
7:
3797:Edward Livingston (brother)
3708:Declaration of Independence
3572:Sarah Livingston Jay (wife)
2623:The Evening Journal Almanac
2552:in NYT on November 19, 1867
2507:Miller, Douglas T. (1967).
2325:
2261:Proposed changes included:
2203:Triborough Bridge Authority
2158:Expanded rights for workers
2126:Proposed changes included:
1569:Inspectors of State Prisons
1111:1876 presidential candidate
858:, Chief Justice of New York
825:Democratic-Republican Party
556:For the City and County of
485:by crushing defeats in the
287:Article VII: State Finances
224:racial or language minority
146:
104:United States Supreme Court
10:
4085:
4015:Lewis Morris (grandfather)
3931:United States Constitution
3792:Robert Livingston (father)
2861:Nunez, Richard I. (1968).
2577:New York Convention Manual
1604:Among the delegates were:
1431:were among the delegates.
1239:New York State Legislature
1133:were among the delegates.
1063:The delegates convened at
866:New York Court of Chancery
676:, in 1790, when the First
465:occupation by an invading
368:, resolving itself as the
204:New York State Legislature
123:Constitutional Conventions
113:
110:Constitutional Conventions
3977:
3948:
3937:
3900:
3871:
3784:
3752:
3729:
3694:
3610:
3564:
3523:
3490:
3460:
3426:
3351:
3295:
3217:
3203:
2942:
2841:The Philip Weinberg Forum
2290:Amending the Constitution
2168:1921 Judiciary Convention
1616:, Second Vice President;
1440:New York Court of Appeals
1251:New York Court of Appeals
1187:New York Court of Appeals
1169:New York Court of Appeals
741:Among the delegates were
322:Article XIV: Conservation
157:Article I: Bill of Rights
100:New York Court of Appeals
56:
51:
41:
31:
26:
21:
4010:Richard Morris (brother)
3474:New York Circular Letter
3301:2nd Governor of New York
3237:Northern Mariana Islands
1612:, First Vice President;
1485:Among the members were:
195:Article III: Legislature
3363:Continental Association
2635:Seabrook, Nick (2022).
2495:The New York Civil List
2193:(U.S. Representative),
2093:James Wolcott Wadsworth
1837:was allowed to be sold.
1630:Frederick William Holls
1543:Van Rensselaer Richmond
1163:was transferred to the
877:Jacob R. Van Rensselaer
725:Governor George Clinton
717:New York State Assembly
563:The City and County of
532:. It called for a weak
302:Article X: Corporations
220:Speaker of the Assembly
218:, two appointed by the
86:of New York. Like most
4000:Lewis Morris (brother)
3696:United States founding
3636:Boston relief portrait
2670:removed or destroyed."
2197:, (U.S. senator), and
1881:Alphonso T. Clearwater
1595:New York State Capitol
1462:New York Supreme Court
1444:New York Supreme Court
1191:New York Supreme Court
1180:New York Supreme Court
1165:New York Supreme Court
1060:
989:Council of Appointment
882:Stephen Van Rensselaer
840:. U.S. Vice President
799:Council of Appointment
709:Council of Appointment
495:Morristown, New Jersey
455:White Plains, New York
342:Article XVIII: Housing
154:
3995:Lewis Morris (father)
3917:New York Constitution
3743:North River Steamboat
3714:New York Constitution
3400:The Federalist Papers
3387:New York Constitution
3375:Olive Branch Petition
2608:(Albany, 1895; pg. 1)
1828:State Forest Preserve
1762:Chester B. McLaughlin
1742:William Church Osborn
1634:Michael H. Hirschberg
1329:Marshall B. Champlain
1273:George William Curtis
1058:
721:New York State Senate
431:of 1707 which united
397:James VII of Scotland
332:Article XVI: Taxation
307:Article XI: Education
275:Article VI: Judiciary
235:Article IV: Executive
150:
63:New York Constitution
4064:New York (state) law
4021:A More Perfect Union
3775:Robert R. Livingston
3369:Petition to the King
2143:Home rule for cities
2137:Budgetary regulation
2037:Eugene Lamb Richards
2005:William M. K. Olcott
1985:John Godfrey Saxe II
1977:Thomas Maurice Mulry
1973:Thomas Francis Smith
1917:George W. Wickersham
1909:Jacob Gould Schurman
1821:one person, one vote
1750:Roswell A. Parmenter
1710:Leonard A. Giegerich
1690:Thomas W. Fitzgerald
1519:Elias W. Leavenworth
1507:Benjamin D. Silliman
1095:David R. Floyd-Jones
864:. Chancellor of the
678:United States Census
511:Robert R. Livingston
377:Province of New York
312:Article XII: Defense
211:United States Census
186:Article II: Suffrage
139:Current Constitution
3597:James Jay (brother)
3592:John Jay (grandson)
3503:Jay Heritage Center
3446:Jay–Gardoqui Treaty
3439:African Free School
3247:U.S. Virgin Islands
2730:, pp. 370–371.
2101:Benjamin Rush Rhees
2013:J. Sidney Bernstein
1997:Frederick C. Tanner
1981:John Thomas Dooling
1957:John B. Stanchfield
1905:Adolph J. Rodenbeck
1885:Patrick W. Cullinan
1706:Frank T. Fitzgerald
1646:Commodore P. Vedder
1573:Canal Commissioners
1527:John F. Hubbard Jr.
1115:Rutherford B. Hayes
1083:George W. Patterson
1042:had held traveling
1004:Council of Revision
978:lieutenant governor
940:Peter R. Livingston
887:James Tallmadge Jr.
871:William W. Van Ness
830:Council of Revision
771:William P. Van Ness
745:(future governor),
694:freeman of the city
453:which assembled at
393:James II of England
249:order of succession
96:federal counterpart
88:state constitutions
3510:John Jay Homestead
2830:Briffault, Richard
2828:Benjamin, Gerald;
2665:2016-09-21 at the
2207:Frederick E. Crane
2057:William Barnes Jr.
2041:Francis A. Winslow
2033:George A. Blauvelt
2021:Anthony J. Griffin
1969:William F. Sheehan
1845:penal institutions
1798:George Allen Davis
1770:Henry J. Cookinham
1658:Daniel H. McMillan
1417:Elbridge G. Lapham
1389:Marius Schoonmaker
1377:B. Platt Carpenter
1361:Edwards Pierrepont
1345:Stephen J. Colahan
1317:George F. Comstock
1285:Martin I. Townsend
1257:William A. Wheeler
1202:Secretary of State
1091:Charles H. Ruggles
1061:
1017:Peter Augustus Jay
842:Daniel D. Tompkins
763:Daniel D. Tompkins
683:On the subject of
581:Westchester County
573:(now Dutchess and
530:Constitutional Law
499:Kingston, New York
449:" was framed by a
421:Kingdom of England
327:Article XV: Canals
176:freedom of worship
4031:
4030:
3968:Gouverneur Morris
3928:Co-wrote, signed,
3865:Gouverneur Morris
3831:
3830:
3766:Robert Livingston
3704:Committee of Five
3688:Robert Livingston
3654:
3653:
3582:William Jay (son)
3255:
3254:
2563:L. Harris Hiscock
2359:Albany Law School
2191:Hamilton Fish III
2117:Frank W. Standart
2089:Jesse S. Phillips
2029:Francis W. Martin
1993:Courtlandt Nicoll
1953:Morgan J. O'Brien
1921:Franklin A. Coles
1897:John Lord O'Brian
1873:Edgar T. Brackett
1754:A. Bleecker Banks
1722:M. Warley Platzek
1682:William D. Veeder
1678:Charles B. Morton
1670:John B. Meyenborg
1666:John G. Schumaker
1638:John T. McDonough
1622:Edward Lauterbach
1614:William H. Steele
1555:Sherman S. Rogers
1539:George B. Bradley
1511:George C. Burdett
1499:John D. Van Buren
1446:, it had now one
1397:Leslie W. Russell
1373:Abraham B. Tappen
1349:Elbridge T. Gerry
1341:John G. Schumaker
1337:William D. Veeder
1325:Sanford E. Church
1293:Charles J. Folger
1265:William M. Evarts
1153:Court of Chancery
1123:William B. Wright
1119:Levi S. Chatfield
1107:New York Governor
1087:Ambrose L. Jordan
960:Nathaniel Pitcher
944:Alexander Sheldon
767:John Vernon Henry
713:Governor John Jay
674:Revolutionary War
661:Gloucester County
651:Cumberland County
645:Washington County
627:Montgomery County
577:counties), seven.
519:Gouverneur Morris
475:George Washington
457:, (just north of
447:State of New York
433:England and Wales
269:civil departments
168:freedom of speech
80:State of New York
72:
71:
36:State of New York
4076:
3985:Founding Fathers
3943:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3618:Federalist Party
3515:Government House
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3211:Washington, D.C.
3205:Federal district
2929:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2877:
2867:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2632:
2626:
2615:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2587:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2535:New York Tribune
2519:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2419:. Archived from
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2361:. Archived from
2356:
2348:
2270:Blaine Amendment
2195:Robert F. Wagner
2121:James S. Whipple
2109:Charles B. Sears
2105:Homer E. A. Dick
2069:W. Barlow Dunlap
2061:Harold J. Hinman
1989:Robert F. Wagner
1965:De Lancey Nicoll
1941:Abraham Harawitz
1929:Meier Steinbrink
1913:Henry L. Stimson
1833:The State-owned
1802:Charles J. Kurth
1738:Stephen S. Blake
1718:Gideon J. Tucker
1698:De Lancey Nicoll
1610:Thomas G. Alvord
1606:Joseph H. Choate
1531:Barna R. Johnson
1401:Thomas G. Alvord
1393:Edwin A. Merritt
1369:William Hitchman
1357:Samuel J. Tilden
1353:Gideon J. Tucker
1333:Teunis G. Bergen
1313:David L. Seymour
1235:Albany, New York
1198:Attorney General
1131:William C. Bouck
1103:Samuel J. Tilden
908:Martin Van Buren
833:the convention.
755:Ezra L'Hommedieu
665:Vermont Republic
655:Vermont Republic
641:Charlotte County
481:, forced out of
479:Continental Army
409:Colonial Charter
265:attorney-general
61:
60:
19:
18:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
3973:
3944:
3935:
3904:Founding events
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3832:
3827:
3780:
3748:
3725:
3690:
3685:
3655:
3650:
3641:Founders Online
3632:(1783 painting)
3629:Treaty of Paris
3606:
3577:Peter Jay (son)
3560:
3519:
3486:
3456:
3422:
3406:papers, 1787-88
3393:Treaty of Paris
3354:
3353:Founding of the
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3286:
3256:
3251:
3213:
3199:
2938:
2933:
2884:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2667:Wayback Machine
2658:
2654:
2647:
2633:
2629:
2625:(1895; pg. 64f)
2616:
2612:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2584:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2542:
2520:
2516:
2505:
2501:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2424:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2332:Law of New York
2328:
2292:
2247:
2215:Charles Poletti
2187:Alfred E. Smith
2179:
2170:
2161:
2113:Matthias Endres
2085:George E. Green
2073:Louis M. Martin
2065:Victor M. Allen
2053:Lemuel E. Quigg
2049:Caleb H. Baumes
2025:Louis F. Haffen
1949:Harry E. Oxford
1945:Alfred E. Smith
1901:Herbert Parsons
1864:
1852:voting machines
1807:Major changes:
1786:Merton E. Lewis
1758:Abram B. Steele
1746:Willard H. Mase
1734:Joseph I. Green
1730:Andrew H. Green
1650:John I. Gilbert
1642:John M. Francis
1586:
1560:Major changes:
1547:Lysander Farrar
1535:Lucius Robinson
1495:Augustus Schell
1487:Robert H. Pruyn
1479:John T. Hoffman
1472:
1429:Israel T. Hatch
1405:Horatio Ballard
1385:Amasa J. Parker
1381:Erastus Corning
1309:Homer A. Nelson
1305:Henry C. Murphy
1301:Augustus Schell
1289:Charles Andrews
1223:
1127:Michael Hoffman
1099:Charles O'Conor
1053:
970:State elections
901:
856:Ambrose Spencer
823:faction of the
813:
808:
704:
685:enfranchisement
670:
617:Richmond County
571:Dutchess County
542:disenfranchised
401:King of England
385:New Netherlands
362:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
277:
257:
237:
197:
188:
159:
149:
141:
119:
112:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
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3972:
3971:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
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3938:
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3934:
3933:
3925:
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3914:
3908:
3906:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:(1969 musical,
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3770:
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3643:
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3599:
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3579:
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3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3461:Other writings
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3371:(1774, signed)
3366:
3365:(1774, signed)
3359:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:American Samoa
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3145:South Carolina
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:North Carolina
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
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3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
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2972:
2967:
2962:
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2940:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2882:External links
2880:
2879:
2878:
2855:
2854:
2832:(March 2005).
2820:
2797:
2795:, p. 376.
2785:
2783:, p. 375.
2773:
2771:, p. 374.
2761:
2759:, p. 372.
2749:
2732:
2720:
2718:, p. 370.
2708:
2684:
2682:, p. 369.
2672:
2652:
2645:
2627:
2610:
2596:
2582:
2567:
2554:
2540:
2529:Horace Greeley
2514:
2499:
2484:
2475:
2459:
2457:, p. 366.
2447:
2433:
2417:www.dos.ny.gov
2404:
2378:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2327:
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2314:
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2309:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2266:
2256:Anthony Travia
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2211:Herbert Lehman
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2097:Frank M. Jones
2081:Israel T. Deyo
2045:Frank L. Young
1961:James A. Foley
1937:John F. Ahearn
1925:Harry E. Lewis
1893:Louis Marshall
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1848:
1847:was abolished.
1838:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1790:I. Sam Johnson
1778:Louis Marshall
1774:John C. Davies
1694:Wright Holcomb
1674:Almet F. Jenks
1662:Frederic Storm
1654:Augustus Frank
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1565:
1551:Lorenzo Morris
1515:Francis Kernan
1503:Erastus Brooks
1489:who presided;
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1297:Augustus Frank
1277:Horace Greeley
1261:Waldo Hutchins
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:State Engineer
1194:
1183:
1172:
1149:
1069:state election
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1036:Circuit Courts
1032:
1025:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1000:
985:
974:
948:Jacob Radcliff
937:
936:
931:
926:
924:Nathan Sanford
921:
916:
911:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
859:
853:
849:
817:DeWitt Clinton
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
791:
788:
759:Smith Thompson
743:DeWitt Clinton
703:
700:
699:
698:
669:
668:
658:
648:
638:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
593:Suffolk County
590:
584:
578:
568:
561:
553:
361:
358:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
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328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
276:
273:
256:
253:
236:
233:
196:
193:
187:
184:
158:
155:
148:
145:
140:
137:
111:
108:
70:
69:
54:
53:
49:
48:
43:
42:Subordinate to
39:
38:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4081:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3902:United States
3899:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3769:(1875 statue)
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
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3647:
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3642:
3639:
3637:
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3624:
3621:
3619:
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3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Jay, New York
3549:
3547:
3546:John Jay Park
3544:
3542:
3541:John Jay Hall
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
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3508:
3504:
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3449:
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3432:
3431:
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3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
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3370:
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3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3355:United States
3350:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3297:
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3290:
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3278:
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3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:West Virginia
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
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3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:New Hampshire
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Massachusetts
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
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2976:
2973:
2971:
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2966:
2963:
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2956:
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2937:
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2918:
2916:
2911:
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2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
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2858:
2842:
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2831:
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2808:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2646:9780593315866
2642:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2443:
2437:
2423:on 2020-10-16
2422:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2392:
2385:
2383:
2368:on 2013-05-26
2364:
2360:
2353:
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2227:
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2222:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2124:
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2110:
2106:
2102:
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2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
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2058:
2054:
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2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2017:Nathan Burkan
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:Jacob Brenner
1874:
1870:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:Convict labor
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:Henry W. Hill
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:Milo M. Acker
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:Elon R. Brown
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
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1707:
1703:
1699:
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1687:
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1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:Jesse Johnson
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:, President;
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1578:
1574:
1570:
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1528:
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1512:
1508:
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1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:George Opdyke
1488:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Frank Hiscock
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
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1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:George Opdyke
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1215:
1211:
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1203:
1199:
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1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:Anti-Rent War
1143:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1045:
1044:circuit court
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
986:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:
967:
966:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
935:
934:Ogden Edwards
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:Samuel Nelson
917:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
904:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
869:
867:
863:
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857:
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851:
850:
848:
845:
843:
839:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
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796:
792:
789:
786:
785:
784:
781:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:William Floyd
748:
747:James Clinton
744:
739:
736:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
695:
690:
689:
688:
686:
681:
679:
675:
666:
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659:
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652:
649:
646:
642:
639:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:Orange County
603:
600:
599:Queens County
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:Ulster County
585:
582:
579:
576:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
555:
554:
552:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:Great Britain
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
483:New York City
480:
476:
472:
471:Staten Island
468:
464:
460:
459:New York City
456:
452:
448:
443:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Great Britain
423:and later of
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:, the future
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
357:
284:
282:
281:court systems
272:
270:
266:
262:
252:
250:
246:
242:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
212:
207:
205:
202:
192:
183:
181:
180:habeas corpus
177:
173:
172:trial by jury
169:
165:
153:
144:
136:
132:
130:
129:
124:
117:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:United States
89:
85:
81:
77:
68:
64:
55:
50:
47:
44:
40:
37:
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30:
25:
20:
4020:
3967:
3916:
3817:
3774:
3764:
3741:
3713:
3627:
3556:Jay, Vermont
3479:
3427:Other events
3415:(1789-1795,
3398:
3386:
3242:Puerto Rico
3150:South Dakota
3140:Rhode Island
3135:Pennsylvania
3115:North Dakota
3104:
2893:
2873:
2869:
2845:. Retrieved
2840:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2742:
2735:
2723:
2711:
2693:
2687:
2675:
2655:
2636:
2630:
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2604:
2599:
2590:
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2576:
2570:
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2548:
2543:
2532:
2527:compiled by
2523:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2494:
2492:Google Books
2487:
2478:
2468:
2462:
2450:
2441:
2436:
2425:. Retrieved
2421:the original
2416:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2370:. Retrieved
2363:the original
2358:
2346:
2320:
2316:
2293:
2285:
2260:
2248:
2219:
2199:Robert Moses
2184:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2125:
2077:Ray B. Smith
1933:Harry Heyman
1865:
1854:was allowed.
1806:
1702:John Bigelow
1603:
1587:
1559:
1523:Daniel Pratt
1484:
1473:
1433:
1425:Seth Wakeman
1365:James Brooks
1255:
1224:
1135:
1073:
1062:
997:State Senate
964:
952:Peter Sharpe
938:
929:Samuel Young
914:Erastus Root
902:
897:Peter A. Jay
846:
835:
814:
782:
740:
737:
731:
729:
705:
682:
671:
631:Lake Ontario
623:Tryon County
611:Kings County
550:
523:
491:
467:British Army
444:
429:Act of Union
427:, after the
389:Duke of York
374:
369:
363:
355:
278:
258:
238:
229:
208:
198:
189:
160:
151:
142:
133:
126:
120:
75:
73:
32:Jurisdiction
4023:(1989 film)
3722:(1781-1783)
3623:Arbitration
3335:, 1779-1782
3327:, 1784-1789
3311:, 1789-1795
3303:, 1795-1801
3219:Territories
3065:Mississippi
2980:Connecticut
2009:Martin Saxe
2001:Mark Eisner
1850:The use of
1726:Jacob Marks
1714:Joseph Koch
1686:John Cooney
1413:Ezra Graves
1409:Hobart Krum
1206:Comptroller
1029:Canal Board
982:John Tayler
892:Jonas Platt
469:landing on
261:comptroller
4038:Categories
3823:1972 film)
3498:Jay Estate
3451:Jay Treaty
3180:Washington
3100:New Mexico
3095:New Jersey
2970:California
2876:: 366–377.
2793:Nunez 1968
2781:Nunez 1968
2769:Nunez 1968
2757:Nunez 1968
2728:Nunez 1968
2716:Nunez 1968
2680:Nunez 1968
2521:Result in
2455:Nunez 1968
2427:2020-07-10
2372:2010-04-26
2338:References
2213:appointed
1869:Elihu Root
1618:Elihu Root
1571:and three
1321:John Magee
1281:Ira Harris
1259:presided.
1231:Republican
1079:Ira Harris
1077:presided.
1075:John Tracy
956:Rufus King
862:James Kent
778:Aaron Burr
528:, and its
477:'s ragged
451:Convention
405:Charles II
383:Colony of
67:Wikisource
3949:Namesakes
3524:Namesakes
3383:(1775-76)
3343:, 1778-79
3319:, 1789-90
3190:Wisconsin
3155:Tennessee
3060:Minnesota
3035:Louisiana
2847:August 2,
2813:August 2,
2397:August 2,
2252:Democrats
1815:election.
1247:Democrats
1210:Treasurer
821:Bucktails
657:), three.
635:Lake Erie
534:bicameral
419:) of the
201:bicameral
52:Full text
4059:John Jay
3531:Fort Jay
3289:John Jay
3175:Virginia
3125:Oklahoma
3105:New York
3080:Nebraska
3070:Missouri
3055:Michigan
3045:Maryland
3030:Kentucky
3010:Illinois
2985:Delaware
2975:Colorado
2965:Arkansas
2703:16027146
2663:Archived
2326:See also
1889:Seth Low
1476:Governor
1155:and the
1105:(future
1021:John Jay
993:Assembly
819:and the
795:John Jay
558:New York
538:governor
507:John Jay
441:Scotland
147:Preamble
84:citizens
27:Overview
3978:Related
3785:Related
3611:Related
3195:Wyoming
3170:Vermont
3075:Montana
3015:Indiana
2995:Georgia
2990:Florida
2960:Arizona
2950:Alabama
2531:of the
667:), two.
595:, five.
546:Slavery
517:), and
513:, (new
463:British
437:kingdom
415:, (the
413:Monarch
407:. Its
245:pardons
128:de novo
90:in the
3919:(1777)
3753:Legacy
3730:Events
3716:(1777)
3565:Family
3476:(1788)
3470:(1775)
3453:(1794)
3395:(1783)
3389:(1777)
3377:(1775)
3130:Oregon
3085:Nevada
3025:Kansas
3000:Hawaii
2955:Alaska
2943:States
2701:
2643:
2119:, and
1800:; and
1427:, and
1161:equity
1065:Albany
1034:Eight
958:, and
838:Albany
773:, and
619:, two.
613:, two.
575:Putnam
565:Albany
3491:Homes
3417:cases
3160:Texas
3040:Maine
3005:Idaho
2872:. 2.
2866:(PDF)
2837:(PDF)
2366:(PDF)
2355:(PDF)
2282:amend
973:year.
643:(now
625:(now
381:Dutch
3818:1776
3232:Guam
3165:Utah
3120:Ohio
3020:Iowa
2849:2012
2815:2012
2699:LCCN
2641:ISBN
2617:see
2470:1906
2399:2012
1826:The
1553:and
1453:The
1438:The
1212:and
1185:The
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