32:
520:. Following an election disputed nationally and internationally, Maïnassara declared himself winner in the first round of presidential elections. The 1996 constitution was marked by a very strong executive and the ability to rule by decree. When less than three years later Maïnassara was himself killed in the coup of 9 April 1999, the military reappointed
533:
as all members of the transitional government from standing for election. Wanké named a 60-member independent national election commission to oversee the establishment of the election roles and the polling. The CRN renounced any form of remuneration during the transition period and moved to reduce by half the salaries of future members of government.
532:
quickly announced its intention to promulgate a new constitution and institute a return to civilian rule. The interim government also replaced 7 of Niger's regional military leaders. Wanké announced that he would not run for the presidency and disqualified all military and security personnel, as well
499:
and enacted 22 January 1993, the
Constitution created a dual executive system. The President, as Head of State, was popularly elected to a five-year term, limited to two terms, and named the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister, as Head of Government, was chosen by an 83-person National Assembly,
723:
Walter S. Clarke, “The
National Conference Phenomenon and the Management of Political Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Ethnic Conflict and Democratization in Africa, ed. Harvey Glickman. Atlanta: African Studies Assoc. Press, (1995)
435:
The
Constitution of 8 November 1960 marks the first fully independent constitutional system of the Republic of Niger: the Nigerien First Republic. With a constitutional revision in 1965, the system remained in place until the
500:
elected by proportional representation. Consequently, by 1994 Niger faced a
President who was a political rival of his own Prime Minister. The National Conference also inserted strong constitutional provisions guarding
587:
but Tandja dissolved the Court and assumed emergency powers. The opposition boycotted the referendum and the new constitution was adopted with 92.5% of voters and a 68% turnout, according to official results.
562:
was expanded in 2004 to 113 deputies elected for a 5-year term under a majority system of representation. Political parties must attain at least 5% of the vote in order to gain a seat in the legislature.
749:
Myriam
Gervais. Niger: Regime Change Economic Crisis and Perpetuation of Privilege. pp. 86-108. Political Reform in Francophone Africa, Ed. John Frank Clark, David E. Gardinier. Westview Press (1997)
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as prime minister for a transition government and a transitional cabinet consisting of 20 members, most of whom were civilian to create a new constitution. Coup leader and head of the
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A new constitution designed to spread power among the president, prime minister, and legislature was approved by referendum despite an extremely low voter turnout in July 1999.
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396:
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801:
455:, a military council governed the nation without recourse to a Constitution until 1989, or a defined civilian element until 1982. The leader of the 1974 coup, General
415:. Executive powers were vested in the Assembly. The new Assembly was to have 60 deputies elected for 5-year terms. The constitution established elements, such as the
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1207:
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261:
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463:, an advisory body which after 1982, contained elements of a Council of Ministers, with an appointed Prime Minister, holding limited powers. A consultative
383:, ratified the Constitution of 1959 by a vote of 44 to 8. The Constitution provided a parliamentary system with limited internal self-government within the
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934:
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149:
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78:
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Pearl T. Robinson, “The
National Conference Phenomenon in Francophone Africa,” Comparative Studies in Society and History Vol. 36, No. 3 (1994)
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547:'s 1999 constitution restores the semi-presidential system of government of the December 1992 constitution (Third Republic) in which the
380:
334:
939:
583:, the suspension of the 1999 Constitution and a 3 years interim government with Tandja for president. It was declared illegal by the
483:
The
Constitution of September 1989 established a single political party and a consultative assembly in place of a National Assembly.
351:
has had seven constitutions, two substantial constitutional revisions, and two periods of rule by decree since its independence from
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The constitution of
December 1992 was created over more than a year, following the formation of the civilian
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CONSTITUTION OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC OF NIGER. Adopted on 18 July 1999, promulgated on 9 August 1999
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471:. Political parties were illegal. Following the General's death on 10 November 1987, General
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became
President of the CSM and began a series of reforms which led to the Second Republic.
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in
January 1996. The Constitution of 12 May 1996 was approved by referendum as the
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808:, 25 November 2010, Nigerien Press Agency, website of the Nigerien government.
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with 90.19% in favor and a 52.02% turnout (official results of 25 November).
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to supersede semi-Military rule. Ratified on 26 December 1992, approved by
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399:. Powers including defense, foreign affairs, and currency were retained by
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The constitution of December 1992 was suspended by a military coup led by
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31:
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration
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is elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term, and a
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403:. On 12 March 1959 the Constituent Assembly became the
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Territorial Assembly of Niger elected in December 1958
443:This constitution was revised on 7 September 1965.
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79:National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland
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612:Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy
479:Constitution of September 1989 (Second Republic)
431:Constitution of 8 November 1960 (First Republic)
692:"1960, Constitution, République du Niger, 1965"
567:Constitution of 18 August 2009 (Sixth Republic)
487:Constitution of December 1992 (Third Republic)
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799:Results of the 2010 constitutional referendum
540:Constitution of 18 July 1999 (Fifth Republic)
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670:. Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press.
668:Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.)
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639:"Niger soldiers declare coup on national TV"
579:. It offered a Sixth Republic, with a fully
459:ruled as head of state and President of the
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508:Constitution of May 1996 (Fourth Republic)
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592:Constitution of 2010 (Seventh Republic)
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606:was ousted on 18 February 2010 by a
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1165:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
935:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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371:Constitution of 25 February 1959
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526:National Reconciliation Council
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577:a constitutional referendum
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397:High Commissioner of Niger
379:, a body created from the
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549:President of the Republic
453:1974 Nigerien coup d'état
438:1974 Nigerien coup d'état
411:, retaining the title of
1274:Constitutions by country
920:Central African Republic
421:National anthem of Niger
413:President of the Council
170:Administrative divisions
867:Constitutions of Africa
666:Decalo, Samuel (1997).
514:Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
782:2 October 2008 at the
522:Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki
272:Diplomatic missions of
1080:São Tomé and Príncipe
940:Republic of the Congo
829:Constitution of Niger
821:Constitution of Niger
610:. The junta, called "
425:Coat of Arms of Niger
361:Abdourahamane Tchiani
89:Abdourahamane Tchiani
608:military coup d'état
585:Constitutional Court
353:French colonial rule
1155:States with limited
598:Government of Niger
581:presidential system
571:In 2009, President
493:National Conference
467:(CND) replaced the
262:Bakary Yaou Sangaré
804:2010-11-30 at the
771:2008-10-02 at the
530:Daouda Malam Wanké
447:1974 Military Rule
393:Don-Jean Colombani
1269:Politics of Niger
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289:Visa requirements
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645:. 2023-07-26
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365:coup d'état
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48:(suspended)
1263:Categories
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626:References
602:President
575:organised
557:unicameral
497:referendum
473:Ali Saïbou
260:Minister:
73:Government
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212:General:
200:Elections
161:Judiciary
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127:Ministers
84:President
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802:Archived
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769:Archived
643:BBC News
423:and the
284:Passport
276:in Niger
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1221:Réunion
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1100:Somalia
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1050:Morocco
1015:Liberia
1010:Lesotho
960:Eritrea
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880:Algeria
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219:2020–21
177:Regions
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950:Egypt
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545:Niger
363:in a
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1035:Mali
925:Chad
775:and
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700:OCLC
672:ISBN
375:The
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