46:
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1741:
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30:
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members, five from each island, who were chosen by an
Electoral College. The post of prime minister was held by a member of the party holding a majority of seats in the Federal Assembly. The number of political parties could be regulated by federal law. Areas subject to federal legislation included defense, communications, law, international trade, federal taxation, economic planning, and social services.
731:
454:, the erstwhile prime minister and a likely future candidate for president. Another 1985 amendment took away many of the powers of the president of the National Assembly, including his right to become interim head of state in the event of the incumbent's death. The amendment transferred the right of succession to the president of the Supreme Court, an appointee of the head of state.
470:
The
Constitution of the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros was approved by referendum on June 7, 1992. It replaced the constitution of 1978, as amended. Among the general principles enumerated in the preamble were the recognition of Islam as the state religion and respect for human rights as set
481:
The constitution provided for a bicameral legislature. The forty-two members of the "lower" house, the
Federal Assembly, represented electoral wards for four-year terms. The Federal Assembly met for two forty-five-day sessions per year, in April and October. The upper house, the Senate, had fifteen
485:
As a federal republic, Comoros assigned autonomy to the three constituent islands in matters that, in accordance with the constitution, did not come within the purview of the national government. Each island had a council whose members were elected to represent electoral wards for four-year terms.
461:
was a 92.5 percent majority in favor of the amendments proposed by
Abdallah, which now created "the conditions for a life presidency," warned one opposition leader. Balloting was marked by the now customary manipulation by the government, and voters reacted angrily to abuses. Leaders of the banned
449:
Abdallah kept opponents from competing with him by amending the 1978 constitution. As part of what one observer wryly called the process of "remov his most avid successors from temptation", Abdallah pushed through a constitutional amendment in 1985 that abolished the post of prime minister, a move
477:
The president could be elected to no more than two terms. The president was both head of state and head of government. The president nominated ministers to form the
Council of Government. The president also nominated governors for each of the three islands for five-year terms. If the presidency
446:), while reserving strong executive powers for the president. It also restored Islam as the state religion, while acknowledging the rights of those who did not observe the Muslim faith. The new constitution was approved by 99 percent of Comoran voters on October 1, 1978.
489:
The judiciary was considered independent of the executive and legislature. The
Supreme Court examined constitutional issues and supervised presidential elections. The high court also arbitrated when the government was accused of malpractice.
442:). The document combined federalism and centralism. It granted each island its own legislature and control over taxes levied on individuals and businesses resident on the island (perhaps with an eye to rapprochement with
474:
The president was elected by direct universal suffrage to a five-year term and was limited to two terms. All persons over the age of eighteen who possessed full civil and political rights could vote.
1571:
1618:
1614:
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1610:
148:
1601:
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1315:
245:
124:
1239:
345:
1661:
1460:
1300:
2095:
1674:
286:
282:
1869:
1320:
877:
457:
In 1989, Abdallah sought a constitutional amendment that would allow him to run for a third term in 1990. The official result of the
1018:
816:
168:
1879:
458:
299:
1874:
1033:
884:
318:
1232:
1023:
338:
268:
94:
450:
that made the president both head of state and head of the elected government. The amendment also diminished the status of
119:
1730:
185:
180:
1715:
1705:
904:
1925:
204:
199:
2125:
2054:
2049:
1837:
1654:
1335:
1197:
1077:
829:
754:
478:
became vacant, the president of the
Supreme Court would serve as interim president until an election could be held.
2130:
1761:
1225:
991:
950:
331:
258:
388:
1996:
1920:
1859:
2029:
1796:
1766:
1627:
1146:
1072:
899:
855:
223:
1842:
867:
2039:
1781:
1771:
1375:
1028:
935:
2064:
2016:
1935:
1847:
1827:
1647:
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940:
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809:
1905:
1852:
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1126:
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996:
69:
471:
forth in the UN Universal
Declaration of Human Rights. All citizens were declared equal before the law.
1725:
1720:
1550:
1470:
1435:
1420:
1405:
1360:
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1059:
1001:
304:
74:
2034:
1940:
1832:
1786:
1749:
1425:
1116:
2069:
2024:
1864:
1815:
1801:
1525:
1500:
1350:
1345:
1325:
1290:
1275:
1151:
1131:
1092:
986:
923:
894:
872:
161:
778:
2088:
2006:
1954:
1930:
1893:
1791:
1700:
1682:
1510:
1480:
1465:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1395:
1390:
1340:
1285:
1260:
1171:
1166:
969:
955:
802:
20:
1981:
2044:
1966:
1915:
1910:
1520:
1515:
1455:
1410:
1370:
1265:
1190:
1121:
1082:
1047:
860:
837:
2104:
2001:
1991:
1986:
1495:
1445:
1400:
1385:
1365:
1355:
1330:
1270:
1141:
1013:
2059:
1976:
1505:
1415:
1305:
1161:
1156:
1971:
8:
1136:
435:
consolidated power, beginning with the writing of a new constitution, approved in 1978 (
1695:
272:
128:
1710:
760:
750:
740:
294:
1206:
889:
462:
opposition in bold public statements questioned the legitimacy of the referendum.
99:
1690:
1064:
850:
432:
2119:
845:
786:
735:
507:
499:
436:
418:
230:
764:
1670:
451:
1217:
428:
was approved by only 55 percent of voters in an
October 1977 referendum.
50:
45:
1639:
377:
425:
29:
744:
240:
794:
825:
734:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
361:
235:
749:(3rd ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
443:
365:
was adopted on 23 December 2001 and last amended in May 2009.
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372:
641:
622:
605:
540:
13:
14:
2142:
772:
1739:
1546:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1316:Democratic Republic of the Congo
913:
729:
424:) proposed by the government of
376:
44:
28:
707:
51:Member State of the Arab League
723:
593:
581:
569:
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1:
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265:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
7:
494:1996 and 1999 constitutions
10:
2147:
2082:
2015:
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1953:
1901:
1892:
1823:
1814:
1757:
1748:
1737:
1731:Insurgency (2015–present)
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2126:Constitutions by country
1301:Central African Republic
895:2008 invasion of Anjouan
873:Territory of the Comoros
2131:Politics of the Comoros
1701:Republic of Upper Volta
1248:Constitutions of Africa
787:Constitution of Comoros
779:Constitution of Comoros
508:1999 Constitutional Act
417:The 1977 constitution (
21:Politics of the Comoros
861:Slavery in the Comoros
408:Constitutional history
385:This section is empty.
283:Diplomatic missions of
1461:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1321:Republic of the Congo
431:After taking office,
120:Assembly of the Union
369:Current constitution
360:Constitution of the
1536:States with limited
716:, pp. 191–192.
602:, pp. 157–158.
566:, pp. 154–155.
1926:Telecommunications
1696:French Upper Volta
1078:Telecommunications
878:Colonial governors
741:Metz, Helen Chapin
273:Dhoihir Dhoulkamal
129:Moustadroine Abdou
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2050:Human trafficking
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1870:Political parties
1838:Foreign relations
1810:
1809:
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1563:other territories
1336:Equatorial Guinea
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992:Foreign relations
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466:1992 constitution
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404:
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259:Foreign relations
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173:Recent elections
169:Political parties
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1706:1983 coup d'Ă©tat
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1619:Tristan da Cunha
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868:French Comoros
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743:, ed. (1995).
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1476:Sierra Leone
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1538:recognition
1491:South Sudan
1381:Ivory Coast
1060:Agriculture
790:(in French)
724:Works cited
511:(in French)
503:(in French)
440:(in French)
422:(in French)
305:Visa policy
222:Autonomous
114:Legislature
75:LGBT rights
2120:Categories
1982:Literature
1843:Government
1593:(Portugal)
1551:Somaliland
1471:Seychelles
1436:Mozambique
1421:Mauritania
1406:Madagascar
1361:The Gambia
1296:Cape Verde
1117:Corruption
1067:(currency)
517:References
459:referendum
426:Ali Soilih
2055:Languages
2035:Education
1941:Transport
1875:President
1833:Elections
1787:Provinces
1750:Geography
1426:Mauritius
1152:Languages
1132:Education
1093:Transport
1024:President
987:Elections
951:Volcanoes
924:Geography
885:1979–1989
714:Metz 1995
702:Metz 1995
659:Metz 1995
636:Metz 1995
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522:Footnotes
413:1977–1991
162:Elections
143:Judiciary
125:President
95:President
89:Executive
2105:Category
2070:Religion
2025:Abortion
1911:Currency
1865:Military
1816:Politics
1802:Wildlife
1675:articles
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1501:Tanzania
1351:Ethiopia
1346:Eswatini
1326:Djibouti
1291:Cameroon
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1207:Category
1172:Religion
1167:Olympics
1147:Holidays
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970:Politics
956:Wildlife
830:articles
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269:Minister
2089:Outline
2007:Theatre
1972:Cuisine
1955:Culture
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1772:Climate
1762:Borders
1683:History
1602:RĂ©union
1598:Mayotte
1589:Madeira
1584:(Spain)
1580:Melilla
1511:Tunisia
1481:Somalia
1466:Senegal
1451:Nigeria
1441:Namibia
1431:Morocco
1396:Liberia
1391:Lesotho
1341:Eritrea
1311:Comoros
1286:Burundi
1261:Algeria
1191:Outline
1122:Culture
1106:Society
1083:Tourism
1048:Economy
946:Regions
941:Climate
856:Sultans
851:Shirazi
838:History
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362:Comoros
236:Anjouan
224:islands
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1967:Cinema
1921:Mining
1916:Energy
1797:Rivers
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1516:Uganda
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1371:Guinea
1266:Angola
1142:Health
1073:Mining
1065:Franc
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241:Mohéli
2096:Index
2002:Sport
1992:Music
1987:Media
1782:Lakes
1576:Ceuta
1496:Sudan
1446:Niger
1401:Libya
1386:Kenya
1366:Ghana
1356:Gabon
1331:Egypt
1271:Benin
1198:Index
1162:Music
1157:Media
905:Coups
846:Bantu
1977:Flag
1506:Togo
1416:Mali
1306:Chad
1137:Flag
1002:LGBT
900:Wars
761:OCLC
751:ISBN
437:text
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358:The
205:2020
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187:2024
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