393:
42:
29:
386:
517:
200:
1176:
475:. In Iran, the fresh fruit is popular as a refreshing summer delicacy or as an infusion in Araq (raisin vodka). It is also preserved by drying and salting, or made into fruit leather or paste, which are enjoyed as a children's delicacy or used as a sour seasoning, similar to plum, pomegranate and tamarind.
560:
was used from the seventh century BCE onward by Greek craftsmen to construct spears, javelins and bows, the craftsmen considering it far superior to any other wood. The wood's association with weaponry was so well known that the Greek name for it was used as a synonym for "spear" in poetry during the
965:
Dinda, Biswanath; Kyriakopoulos, Anthony M.; Dinda, Subhajit; Zoumpourlis, Vassilis; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.; Velegraki, Aristea; Markopoulos, Charlambos; Dinda, Manikarna (4 December 2016). "Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry), an important
European and Asian traditional food and medicine:
653:
male
Cornell tree; for he ſetteth downe two ſortes of Cornell trees, the male and the female: he maketh the wood of the male to bee ſound as in this Cornell tree; which we both for this cauſe and for others alſo, haue made to be the male; the female is that which is commonly called
368:. The flowers are small (5–10 mm in diameter), with four yellow petals, produced in clusters of 10–25 together in the late winter (between February and March in the UK), well before the leaves appear. The fruit is an oblong red
554:
is extremely dense and, unlike the wood of most other woody plant species, sinks in water. This density makes it valuable for crafting into tool handles, parts for machines, etc.
789:
1408:
1473:
1555:
947:
1356:
1421:
1369:
1452:
844:
1534:
1426:
1660:
860:
Demir, F.; Hakki
Kalyoncu, I. (December 2003). "Some nutritional, pomological and physical properties of cornelian cherry (
793:
1330:
1655:
744:
1478:
1395:
904:
808:
41:
1573:
365:
1460:
360:
shrub or small tree growing to 5–12 m tall, with dark brown branches and greenish twigs. The leaves are
411:, where it is believed to have various medicinal properties and provide health benefits. It is also used in
1348:
1146:
489:
1121:
1581:
1255:
866:
697:
674:
1568:
1374:
1096:
884:
The wood is heavier than water and does not float, therefore it is used for tools, machine parts, etc.
1488:
1447:
1005:
1645:
1071:
1560:
1296:
966:
Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology for its commercial utilization in drug industry".
505:
1650:
1640:
1413:
1343:
1208:
1439:
701:
621:, "male" cornel, was named so to distinguish it from the true dogberry, the "female" cornel,
174:
1514:
836:
The
Chinese Medicinal Herb Farm: A Cultivator's Guide to Small-scale Organic Herb Production
1304:
1246:
678:
951:
681:. Gerard said it was to be found in the gardens "of such as love rare and dainty plants".
664:, or the wild Cornell tree, of which alſo we will intreate of in the next chap. following.
499:
361:
8:
1194:
899:
684:
The appreciation of the early acid-yellow flowers is largely a 20th-century development.
1189:
1607:
1180:
929:
921:
764:
610:
The leaves (and fruit) are used in traditional medicine in
Central and Southwest Asia.
484:
464:
212:
36:
1547:
879:
1509:
1278:
983:
933:
840:
809:"Coarne de pădure. Ce beneficii și proprietăți au. Rețete cu aceste fructe de pădure"
740:
407:
berries, and ripen in mid- to late summer. The fruit is edible and widely popular in
1612:
1011:
975:
913:
875:
656:
623:
595:
525:
420:
1283:
1260:
1635:
1496:
834:
392:
341:
79:
1586:
1465:
364:, 4–10 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with an ovate to oblong shape and an
1542:
416:
412:
403:
The fruits are red berries. When ripe on the plant, they bear a resemblance to
337:
147:
66:
979:
1629:
1434:
1335:
1231:
190:
1015:
987:
647:
642:
1599:
1382:
1270:
1240:
628:
440:
1524:
1501:
677:
had only heard of the plant in 1548, but by 1551 he had heard of one at
1361:
448:
428:
925:
542:, the entire plant can be used for a similar effect in the landscape.
431:. When ripe, the fruit is dark ruby red or a bright yellow. It has an
372:
2 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter, containing a single seed.
28:
1387:
1317:
693:
530:
528:
for its late winter yellow flowers, which open earlier than those of
516:
436:
385:
357:
345:
333:
125:
1202:
1594:
1225:
917:
902:(Summer 1977). "The Macedonian Sarrissa, Spear and Related Armor".
468:
199:
115:
105:
92:
1400:
1322:
964:
1291:
950:(in Italian). Associazione Butteri d'Alta Maremma. Archived from
583:
578:
460:
456:
452:
329:
1309:
1175:
472:
424:
404:
135:
369:
53:
586:
region, is traditionally made of cornel-wood, there called
432:
408:
397:
711:'Golden Glory' (profuse yellow flowers, shiny red berries)
444:
451:
to make pickles, added to rice or to make beverages. In
859:
839:. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 312 (page 150).
538:
flowers are not as large and vibrant as those of the
1077:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16
16:Species of flowering plant in the family Cornaceae
714:'Variegata' (variegated leaves, glossy red fruit)
1627:
734:
673:The shrub was not native to the British Isles.
435:flavor which is best described as a mixture of
708:'Aurea' (yellow leaves and flowers, red fruit)
1007:The herball, or, Generall historie of plantes
762:
497:
332:of shrub or small tree in the dogwood family
832:
455:, Cornus berries are used to make vodka. In
1003:
735:Nicholson, B. E.; Wallis, Michael (1963).
198:
27:
999:
997:
806:
758:
756:
894:
892:
730:
728:
515:
391:
384:
1628:
994:
898:
826:
753:
1207:
1206:
940:
889:
790:"Liarev Armenian Dogwood Vodka 0,5 L"
725:
1489:203d6f4f-b481-40ad-a90f-e500890fcf67
471:the berries are widely used to make
739:. London: Oxford University Press.
13:
463:, the berries are used to make an
14:
1672:
1168:
1033:Garden Shrubs and Their Histories
1031:, 1548; noted in Alice M. Coats,
737:The Oxford Book of Garden Flowers
668:
1574:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:271612-1
1174:
807:Săvulescu, Mirela (2022-03-24).
763:Steve Whysall (5 October 2009).
561:fourth and third centuries BCE.
524:The species is also grown as an
40:
1139:
1114:
1089:
1064:
1055:
1042:
1021:
905:American Journal of Archaeology
443:. It is mainly used for making
958:
853:
800:
782:
351:
1:
1010:, Iohn Norton, p. 1282,
880:10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00056-6
718:
968:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
687:
490:traditional Chinese medicine
482:(together with the fruit of
7:
1661:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
867:Journal of Food Engineering
698:Royal Horticultural Society
660:, or Dogs berrie tree, and
582:or mounted herdsmen of the
576:, the stick carried by the
10:
1677:
511:
488:) has a history of use in
427:, but the unripe fruit is
1215:
1072:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
980:10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.042
605:
504:) and used to retain the
498:
218:
211:
206:
197:
180:
173:
37:Scientific classification
35:
26:
21:
1656:Plants described in 1753
492:in which it is known as
396:Seeds and dried fruit –
380:
356:It is a medium to large
326:Cornelian cherry dogwood
1052:, 1551, noted in Coats.
1016:10.5962/bhl.title.99400
627:, and so it appears in
613:
545:
447:. It is widely used in
375:
666:
599:
521:
400:
389:
833:Schafer, Peg (2011).
702:Award of Garden Merit
637:
519:
467:known as cornată. In
395:
388:
1185:at Wikimedia Commons
1004:John Gerard (1597),
900:Markle, Minor M. III
679:Hampton Court Palace
312:, commonly known as
1195:Plants for a Future
1147:"RHS Plantfinder –
1122:"RHS Plantfinder –
1097:"RHS Plantfinder -
1029:The Names of Herbes
704:(confirmed 2017):
594:, dialect forms of
230:Cornus erythrocarpa
1061:Coats (1964) 1992.
522:
465:alcoholic beverage
401:
390:
1623:
1622:
1510:Open Tree of Life
1209:Taxon identifiers
1179:Media related to
846:978-1-60358-330-5
662:Cornus ſylveſtris
346:Southwestern Asia
305:
304:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
224:
207:Distribution map
22:Cornelian cherry
1668:
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1469:
1468:
1466:NBNSYS0000003628
1456:
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1403:
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1234:
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1203:
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1068:
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1059:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1001:
992:
991:
962:
956:
955:
954:on 8 March 2007.
944:
938:
937:
896:
887:
886:
857:
851:
850:
830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
804:
798:
797:
792:. Archived from
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
760:
751:
750:
732:
696:have gained the
624:Cornus sanguinea
526:ornamental plant
503:
502:
421:British Columbia
318:Cornelian cherry
296:
294:Macrocarpium mas
288:
286:Eukrania mascula
280:
272:
264:
262:Cornus nudiflora
256:
248:
240:
232:
222:
202:
186:
152:
45:
44:
31:
19:
18:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1646:Flora of Europe
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
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1572:
1567:
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1500:
1497:Observation.org
1495:
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1308:
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1277:
1269:
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1259:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1211:
1188:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1126:'Golden Glory'"
1120:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1047:
1043:
1026:
1022:
1002:
995:
963:
959:
946:
945:
941:
912:(3): 323–339 .
897:
890:
858:
854:
847:
831:
827:
818:
816:
805:
801:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
761:
754:
747:
733:
726:
721:
690:
671:
657:Virga ſanguinea
616:
608:
548:
514:
383:
378:
354:
342:Southern Europe
322:European cornel
301:
278:Cornus vernalis
246:Cornus homerica
226:
225:
193:
188:
182:
169:
150:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:wfo-0000924760
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1275:
1265:
1252:
1237:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1186:
1170:
1169:External links
1167:
1164:
1163:
1138:
1113:
1088:
1063:
1054:
1041:
1020:
993:
957:
939:
918:10.2307/503007
888:
874:(3): 335–341.
852:
845:
825:
799:
796:on 2022-10-06.
781:
752:
745:
723:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
709:
692:The following
689:
686:
675:William Turner
670:
669:Garden history
667:
615:
612:
607:
604:
564:In Italy, the
547:
544:
513:
510:
485:C. officinalis
413:Eastern Europe
382:
379:
377:
374:
353:
350:
338:Western Europe
303:
302:
300:
299:
291:
283:
275:
270:Cornus praecox
267:
259:
254:Cornus mascula
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1651:Flora of Asia
1649:
1647:
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1642:
1641:Edible fruits
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1050:A New Herball
1045:
1038:
1035:(1964) 1992,
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869:
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848:
842:
838:
837:
829:
815:(in Romanian)
814:
810:
803:
795:
791:
785:
770:
769:Vancouver Sun
766:
759:
757:
748:
746:1-131-80240-3
742:
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724:
713:
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541:
537:
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491:
487:
486:
481:
478:The fruit of
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434:
430:
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422:
418:
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366:entire margin
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175:Binomial name
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84:
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78:
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68:
67:Tracheophytes
65:
62:
59:
58:
55:
52:
49:
48:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1216:
1193:
1190:"Cornus mas"
1154:. Retrieved
1151:'Variegata'"
1148:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1123:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1098:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1066:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1006:
971:
967:
960:
952:the original
948:"Il Buttero"
942:
909:
903:
883:
871:
865:
861:
855:
835:
828:
817:. Retrieved
812:
802:
794:the original
784:
772:. Retrieved
768:
765:"Cornus mas"
736:
691:
683:
672:
661:
655:
649:Theophrastus
648:
640:
638:
632:
622:
618:
617:
609:
591:
587:
577:
573:
569:
565:
563:
557:
556:
551:
550:The wood of
549:
539:
535:
529:
523:
493:
483:
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477:
402:
355:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
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285:
277:
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261:
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238:Cornus flava
237:
229:
183:
181:
165:
164:
148:
136:
99:
86:
73:
60:
1383:iNaturalist
1241:Wikispecies
974:: 670–690.
774:18 December
643:Theophrasti
641:Cornus mas
629:John Gerard
441:sour cherry
352:Description
166:C. mas
80:Angiosperms
1630:Categories
1543:Plant List
1525:Cornus_mas
1247:Cornus mas
1217:Cornus mas
1182:Cornus mas
1156:2 February
1149:Cornus mas
1131:2 February
1124:Cornus mas
1106:2 February
1099:Cornus mas
1081:24 January
862:Cornus mas
819:2023-07-19
813:Libertatea
719:References
619:Cornus mas
566:mazzarella
558:Cornus mas
536:Cornus mas
480:Cornus mas
449:Azerbaijan
429:astringent
336:native to
316:(also the
309:Cornus mas
297:(L.) Nakai
289:(L.) Merr.
184:Cornus mas
144:Subgenus:
1548:kew-47432
1349:220003337
1039:"Cornus".
934:192966553
694:cultivars
688:Cultivars
540:Forsythia
531:Forsythia
494:shānzhūyú
437:cranberry
358:deciduous
334:Cornaceae
160:Species:
126:Cornaceae
50:Kingdom:
1595:Tropicos
1522:PalDat:
1440:79914024
1414:10591759
1401:271612-1
1268:BioLib:
1226:Wikidata
1101:'Aurea'"
1048:Turner,
1027:Turner,
988:27705748
639:This is
600:corniolo
592:grugnale
588:crognolo
534:. While
469:Bulgaria
362:opposite
328:), is a
233:St.-Lag.
223:Synonymy
213:Synonyms
122:Family:
116:Cornales
106:Asterids
93:Eudicots
1600:8700003
1448:MoBotPF
1362:3082263
1292:Ecocrop
1232:Q158642
596:Italian
584:Maremma
579:butteri
574:bastone
520:Flowers
512:Flowers
461:Moldova
457:Romania
453:Armenia
330:species
281:Salisb.
265:Dumort.
149:Cornus
132:Genus:
112:Order:
54:Plantae
1636:Cornus
1561:COMA21
1556:PLANTS
1515:148277
1486:NZOR:
1453:279329
1427:565094
1336:168428
1310:591119
1261:149635
986:
932:
926:503007
924:
864:L.)".
843:
743:
633:Herbal
606:Leaves
570:uncino
552:C. mas
473:Kompot
433:acidic
425:Canada
419:, and
417:the UK
405:coffee
344:, and
314:cornel
273:Stokes
249:Bubani
241:Steud.
153:Cornus
137:Cornus
1532:PFI:
1409:IRMNG
1388:55858
1375:11563
1331:EUNIS
1323:CRWMS
1271:40206
1075:(PDF)
1037:.s.v.
930:S2CID
922:JSTOR
646:, or
381:Fruit
370:drupe
151:subg.
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
61:Clade
1587:4399
1569:POWO
1535:3403
1502:2454
1479:4285
1474:NCBI
1435:IUCN
1422:ITIS
1396:IPNI
1370:GRIN
1357:GBIF
1318:EPPO
1297:4880
1284:YGL2
1256:APNI
1158:2018
1133:2018
1108:2018
1083:2018
984:PMID
841:ISBN
776:2018
741:ISBN
614:Name
546:Wood
506:jing
459:and
439:and
409:Iran
398:MHNT
376:Uses
1608:WFO
1582:RHS
1461:NBN
1344:FNA
1305:EoL
1279:CoL
1012:doi
976:doi
972:193
914:doi
876:doi
700:'s
651:his
631:'s
590:or
572:or
500:山茱萸
445:jam
324:or
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340:,
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257:L.
191:L.
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