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1742:) refers to consumers' ability to correctly differentiate a brand when they come into contact with it. This does not necessarily require consumers to identify or recall the brand name. When customers experience brand recognition, they are triggered by either a visual or verbal cue. For example, when looking to satisfy a category need such as a toilet paper, the customer would firstly be presented with multiple brands to choose from. Once the customer is visually or verbally faced with a brand, they may remember being introduced to it before. When given a cue, consumers able to retrieve the memory node associated with the brand exhibit brand recognition. Often, this form of brand awareness assists customers in choosing one brand over another when faced with a low-involvement purchasing decision.
3084:, an American retail chain to place their brand name on the tires. Microsoft, a multinational technology company is seriously regarded as a corporate technology brand but it sells its versatile home entertainment hub under the brand Xbox to better align with the new and crazy identity. Gillette catered to females with Gillette for Women which has now become known as Venus. The launch of Venus was conducted in order to fulfil the feminine market of the previously dominating masculine razor industry. Similarly, Toyota, an automobile manufacturer used mixed branding. In the U.S., Toyota was regarded as a valuable car brand being economical, family orientated and known as a vehicle that rarely broke down. But Toyota sought out to fulfil a higher end, expensive market segment, thus they created
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2749:, primarily a producer of canned soups. They utilize a multiproduct branding strategy by way of soup line extensions. They have over 100 soup flavours putting forward varieties such as regular Campbell soup, condensed, chunky, fresh-brewed, organic, and soup on the go. This approach is seen as favourable as it can result in lower promotion costs and advertising due to the same name being used on all products, therefore increasing the level of brand awareness. Although, line extension has potential negative outcomes with one being that other items in the company's line may be disadvantaged because of the sale of the extension. Line extensions work at their best when they deliver an increase in company revenue by enticing new buyers or by removing sales from competitors.
3267:, which means "No label" in English (from 無印良品 – "Mujirushi Ryohin" – literally, "No brand quality goods"), and the Florida company No-Ad Sunscreen. Although there is a distinct Muji brand, Muji products are not branded. This no-brand strategy means that little is spent on advertisement or classical marketing and Muji's success is attributed to the word-of-mouth, simple shopping experience and the anti-brand movement. "No brand" branding may be construed as a type of branding as the product is made conspicuous through the absence of a brand name. "Tapa Amarilla" or "Yellow Cap" in Venezuela during the 1980s is another good example of no-brand strategy. It was simply recognized by the color of the cap of this cleaning products company.
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unique, brands that are differentiated from rival brands. Aaker conceptualized brand personality as consisting of five broad dimensions, namely: sincerity (down-to-earth, honest, wholesome, and cheerful), excitement (daring, spirited, imaginative, and up to date), competence (reliable, intelligent, and successful), sophistication (glamorous, upper class, charming), and ruggedness (outdoorsy and tough). Subsequent research studies have suggested that Aaker's dimensions of brand personality are relatively stable across different industries, market segments and over time. Much of the literature on branding suggests that consumers prefer brands with personalities that are congruent with their own.
1968:(2010), every touchpoint has the "…potential to add positive – or suppress negative – associations to the brand's equity" Thus, a brand's IMC should cohesively deliver positive messages through appropriate touch points associated with its target market. One methodology involves using sensory stimuli touch points to activate customer emotion. For example, if a brand consistently uses a pleasant smell as a primary touchpoint, the brand has a much higher chance of creating a positive lasting effect on its customers' senses as well as memory. Another way a brand can ensure that it is utilizing the best communication channel is by focusing on touchpoints that suit particular areas associated with
1786:) is the ability of the customer retrieving the brand correctly from memory. Rather than being given a choice of multiple brands to satisfy a need, consumers are faced with a need first, and then must recall a brand from their memory to satisfy that need. This level of brand awareness is stronger than brand recognition, as the brand must be firmly cemented in the consumer's memory to enable unassisted remembrance. This gives the company huge advantage over its competitors because the customer is already willing to buy or at least know the company offering available in the market. Thus, brand recall is a confirmation that previous branding
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3306:(2012), author and brand strategist Simon Pont posits that social media brands may be the most evolved version of the brand form, because they focus not on themselves but on their users. In so doing, social media brands are arguably more charismatic, in that consumers are compelled to spend time with them, because the time spent is in the meeting of fundamental human drivers related to belonging and individualism. "We wear our physical brands like badges, to help define us – but we use our digital brands to help express who we are. They allow us to be, to hold a mirror up to ourselves, and it is clear. We like what we see."
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1577:. Quite literally, one can easily describe a successful brand identity as if it were a person. This form of brand identity has proven to be the most advantageous in maintaining long-lasting relationships with consumers, as it gives them a sense of personal interaction with the brand Collectively, all four forms of brand identification help to deliver a powerful meaning behind what a corporation hopes to accomplish, and to explain why customers should choose one brand over its competitors.
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1972:. As suggested Figure 2, certain touch points link with a specific stage in customer-brand-involvement. For example, a brand may recognize that advertising touchpoints are most effective during the pre-purchase experience stage therefore they may target their advertisements to new customers rather than to existing customers. Overall, a brand has the ability to strengthen brand equity by using IMC branding communications through touchpoints.
1964:|s, or sources of contact, that a customer has with the brand". Touch points represent the channel stage in the traditional communication model, where a message travels from the sender to the receiver. Any point where a customer has an interaction with the brand - whether watching a television advertisement, hearing about a brand through word of mouth or even noticing a branded license plate – defines a touchpoint. According to Dahlen
2941:, the world's third-largest multination consumer goods company recently streamlined its brands from over 400 brands to center their attention onto 14 brands with sales of over 1 billion euros. Unilever accomplished this through product deletion and sales to other companies. Other multibrand companies introduce new product brands as a protective measure to respond to competition called fighting brands or fighter brands.
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by attaching simple stone seals to products which, over time, gave way to clay seals bearing impressed images, often associated with the producer's personal identity thus giving the product a personality. Not all historians agree that these markings are comparable with modern brands or labels, with some suggesting that the early pictorial brands or simple thumbprints used in pottery should be termed
771:. If a person stole any of the cattle, anyone else who saw the symbol could deduce the actual owner. The term has been extended to mean a strategic personality for a product or company, so that "brand" now suggests the values and promises that a consumer may perceive and buy into. Over time, the practice of branding objects extended to a broader range of packaging and goods offered for sale including
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to convince the market that the public could place just as much trust in the non-local product. Gradually, manufacturers began using personal identifiers to differentiate their goods from generic products on the market. Marketers generally began to realize that brands, to which personalities were attached, outsold rival brands. By the 1880s, large manufacturers had learned to imbue their brands'
3032:, a mid-range chain of department stores offers a wide catalogue of private brands exclusive to their stores, from brands such as First Impressions which supply newborn and infant clothing, Hotel Collection which supply luxury linens and mattresses, and Tasso Elba which supply European inspired menswear. They use private branding strategy to specifically target consumer markets.
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identity and of its communication methods. Successful brands are those that consistently generate a high level of brand awareness, as this can be the pivotal factor in securing customer transactions. Various forms of brand awareness can be identified. Each form reflects a different stage in a customer's cognitive ability to address the brand in a given circumstance.
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understanding of its target market, competitors and the surrounding business environment. Brand identity includes both the core identity and the extended identity. The core identity reflects consistent long-term associations with the brand; whereas the extended identity involves the intricate details of the brand that help generate a constant motif.
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and should take advantage of portraying their message through multi-sensory information. One article suggests that other senses, apart from vision, need to be targeted when trying to communicate a brand with consumers. For example, a jingle or background music can have a positive effect on brand recognition, purchasing behaviour and brand recall.
1094:. The inscription typically specified information such as place of origin, destination, type of product and occasionally quality claims or the name of the manufacturer. Roman marks or inscriptions were applied to a very wide variety of goods, including, pots, ceramics, amphorae (storage/shipping containers) and on factory-produced oil-lamps.
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produces high profits for manufacturers and resellers. The pricing of private brand product are usually cheaper compared to competing name brands. Consumers are commonly deterred by these prices in good economic circumstances, as it sets a perception of lower quality and standard, but this view shifts in less ideal economic circumstances.
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and how a given brand within a category is differentiated from its competing brands, and thus the brand helps customers & potential customers understand which brand satisfies their needs. Thus, the brand offers the customer a short-cut to understanding the different product or service offerings that make up a particular category.
1565:, which are more emotional translations. If a brand's attribute is being environmentally friendly, customers will receive the benefit of feeling that they are helping the environment by associating with the brand. Aside from attributes and benefits, a brand's identity may also involve branding to focus on representing its core set of
3484:). Some approaches applied, such as an increasing importance on the symbolic value of products, have led countries to emphasize their distinctive characteristics. The branding and image of a nation-state "and the successful transference of this image to its exports – is just as important as what they actually produce and sell."
2880:, a strategy in which two firms combine their brands into a single product. Most recently, brands have engaged in unconventional brand collaborations, defined as unexpected partnerships between well-established brands and an unconventional partner seemingly at the opposite end of the design spectrum. For example, in 2017,
1991:. A study found that consumers classed their relationship with a brand as closer if that brand was active on a specific social media site (Twitter). Research further found that the more consumers "retweeted" and communicated with a brand, the more they trusted the brand. This suggests that a company could look to employ a
1630:. Marketers tend to treat brands as more than the difference between the actual cost of a product and its selling price; rather brands represent the sum of all valuable qualities of a product to the consumer and are often treated as the total investment in brand building activities including marketing communications.
2974:(formerly known as Virgin Blue). Jetstar is an Australian low-cost airline for budget conscious travellers, but it receives many negative reviews due to this. The launching of Jetstar allowed Qantas to rival Virgin Australia without the criticism being affiliated with Qantas because of the distinct brand name.
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Sound reasons to make a change include division divestiture, corporate spin-off, and violation or potential violation of another company's name, Gundersen says. Mack also suggests you make a change 'if there is a profound misunderstanding of what your company does. You may have equity in a name, but
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A common approach to understanding how corporate naming strategy affects firm value is to examine announcements of corporate name changes, and apply the event study methodology from modern finance theory to quantify stock price effects. These studies use a market signaling perspective that recognizes
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A relatively recent innovation in retailing is the introduction of designer private labels. Designer-private labels involve a collaborative contract between a well-known fashion designer and a retailer. Both retailer and designer collaborate to design goods with popular appeal pitched at price points
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, 75% of US customers tried different stores, websites or brands, and 60% of those expect to integrate new brands or stores into their post-pandemic lives. If brands can find ways to help people feel empowered and regain a sense of control in uncertain times, they can help
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The original aim of branding was to simplify the process of identifying and differentiating products. Over time, manufacturers began to use branded messages to give the brand a unique personality. Brands came to embrace a performance or benefit promise, for the product, certainly, but eventually also
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It is important that if a company wishes to develop a global market, the company name will also need to be suitable in different cultures and not cause offense or be misunderstood. When communicating a brand, a company needs to be aware that they must not just visually communicate their brand message
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refers to "the set of human personality traits that are both applicable to and relevant for brands." Marketers and consumer researchers often argue that brands can be imbued with human-like characteristics which resonate with potential consumers. Such personality traits can assist marketers to create
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a product, service or company and sets it apart from other comparable products within a category. A brand name may include words, phrases, signs, symbols, designs, or any combination of these elements. For consumers, a brand name is a "memory heuristic": a convenient way to remember preferred product
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used in
Mediterranean trade between 1,500 and 500 BCE exhibited a wide variety of shapes and markings, which consumers used to glean information about the type of goods and the quality. The systematic use of stamped labels dates from around the fourth century BCE. In largely pre-literate society, the
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is the measurable totality of a brand's worth and is validated by observing the effectiveness of these branding components. When a customer is familiar with a brand or favors it incomparably over its competitors, a corporation has reached a high level of brand equity. Brand owners manage their brands
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Iconic brands are defined as having aspects that contribute to consumer's self-expression and personal identity. Brands whose value to consumers comes primarily from having identity value are said to be "identity brands". Some of these brands have such a strong identity that they become more or less
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This approach usually results in higher promotion costs and advertising. This is due to the company being required to generate awareness among consumers and retailers for each new brand name without the benefit of any previous impressions. Multibranding strategy has many advantages. There is no risk
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involves a customer's ability to recall and/or recognize brands, logos, and branded advertising. Brands help customers to understand which brands or products belong to which product or service category. Brands assist customers to understand the constellation of benefits offered by individual brands,
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introduced mass-produced goods and needed to sell their products to a wider market—that is, to customers previously familiar only with locally produced goods. It became apparent that a generic package of soap had difficulty competing with familiar, local products. Packaged-goods manufacturers needed
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Private branding (also known as reseller branding, private labelling, store brands, or own brands) have increased in popularity. Private branding is when a company manufactures products but it is sold under the brand name of a wholesaler or retailer. Private branding is popular because it typically
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family brand name for all its products containing baking soda as the main ingredient. A multiproduct branding strategy has many advantages. It capitalizes on brand equity as consumers that have a good experience with the product will in turn pass on this positive opinion to supplementary objects in
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are a set of labels with which the corporation wishes to be associated. For example, a brand may showcase its primary attribute as environmental friendliness. However, a brand's attributes alone are not enough to persuade a customer into purchasing the product. These attributes must be communicated
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used to print posters contained a message which roughly translates as: "Jinan Liu's Fine Needle Shop: We buy high-quality steel rods and make fine-quality needles, to be ready for use at home in no time." The plate also includes a trademark in the form of a 'White Rabbit", which signified good luck
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in the 4th century BCE, when large-scale economies started mass-producing commodities such as alcoholic drinks, cosmetics and textiles. These ancient societies imposed strict forms of quality-control over commodities, and also needed to convey value to the consumer through branding. Producers began
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dating to around 2,700 BCE. Over time, purchasers realized that the brand provided information about origin as well as about ownership, and could serve as a guide to quality. Branding was adapted by farmers, potters, and traders for use on other types of goods such as pottery and ceramics. Forms of
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is a particular challenge with a multi-brand strategy approach, in which the new brand takes business away from an established one which the organization also owns. This may be acceptable (indeed to be expected) if there is a net gain overall. Alternatively, it may be the price the organization is
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brand name across a full line of toiletries for toddlers and babies. The success of this brand extension strategy is apparent in the $ 500 million in annual sales generated globally. Similarly, Honda using their reputable name for automobiles has spread to other products such as motorcycles, power
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with the introduction of a new brand in order to differentiate part of a product line from others in the whole brand system. Subbranding assists to articulate and construct offerings. It can alter a brand's identity as subbranding can modify associations of the parent brand. Examples of successful
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Brand awareness is a key step in the customer's purchase decision process, since some kind of awareness is a precondition to purchasing. That is, customers will not consider a brand if they are not aware of it. Brand awareness is a key component in understanding the effectiveness both of a brand's
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In the 2006 article "Emotional
Branding and the Strategic Value of the Doppelgänger Brand Image", Thompson, Rindfleisch, and Arsel suggest that a doppelgänger brand image can be a benefit to a brand if taken as an early warning sign that the brand is losing emotional authenticity with its market.
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Brand identity is what the owner wants to communicate to its potential consumers. However, over time, a product's brand identity may acquire (evolve), gaining new attributes from consumer perspective but not necessarily from the marketing communications, an owner percolates to targeted consumers.
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Therefore, when looking to communicate a brand with chosen consumers, companies should investigate a channel of communication that is most suitable for their short-term and long-term aims and should choose a method of communication that is most likely to reach their target consumers. The match-up
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The effectiveness of a brand's communication is determined by how accurately the customer perceives the brand's intended message through its IMC. Although IMC is a broad strategic concept, the most crucial brand communication elements are pinpointed to how the brand sends a message and what touch
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shopping environments. When presented with a product at the point-of-sale, or after viewing its visual packaging, consumers are able to recognize the brand and may be able to associate it with attributes or meanings acquired through exposure to promotion or word-of-mouth referrals. In contrast to
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Consumers may look on branding as an aspect of products or services, as it often serves to denote a certain attractive quality or characteristic (see also brand promise). From the perspective of brand owners, branded products or services can command higher prices. Where two products resemble each
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Scaurus' fish sauce was known by people across the
Mediterranean to be of very high quality, and its reputation traveled as far away as modern France. In both Pompeii and nearby Herculaneum, archaeological evidence also points to evidence of branding and labeling in relatively common use across a
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painted me", indicating that the object was both fabricated and painted by a single potter. Branding may have been necessary to support the extensive trade in such pots. For example, 3rd-century
Gaulish pots bearing the names of well-known potters and the place of manufacture (such as Attianus of
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Due to the ability of doppelgänger brands to rapidly propagate virally through digital media channels, they can represent a real threat to the equity of the target brand. Sometimes the target organization is forced to address the root concern or to re-position the brand in a way that defuses the
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Destination branding is the work of cities, states, and other localities to promote the location to tourists and drive additional revenues into a tax base. These activities are often undertaken by governments, but can also result from the work of community associations. The
Destination Marketing
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Multiproduct branding strategy is when a company uses one name across all its products in a product class. When the company's trade name is used, multiproduct branding is also known as corporate branding, family branding or umbrella branding. Examples of companies that use corporate branding are
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Today, brands play a much bigger role. The power of brands to communicate a complex message quickly, with emotional impact and with the ability of brands to attract media attention, makes them ideal tools in the hands of activists. Cultural conflict over a brand's meaning has also influences the
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Brand trust is the intrinsic 'believability' that any entity evokes. In the commercial world, the intangible aspect of brand trust impacts the behavior and performance of its business stakeholders in many intriguing ways. It creates the foundation of a strong brand connect with all stakeholders,
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the consumer to perceive the brand – and by extension the branded company, organization, product or service. This is in contrast to the brand image, which is a customer's mental picture of a brand. The brand owner will seek to bridge the gap between the brand image and the brand identity. Brand
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Effective branding, attached to strong brand values, can result in higher sales of not only one product, but of other products associated with that brand. If a customer loves
Pillsbury biscuits and trusts the brand, he or she is more likely to try other products offered by the company – such as
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published a housing advertisement explaining trademark advertising. This was an early commercial explanation of what scholars now recognize as modern branding and the beginnings of brand management. This trend continued to the 1980s, and as of 2018 is quantified by marketers in concepts such as
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brand image or "DBI" is a disparaging image or story about a brand that it circulated in popular culture. DBI targets tend to be widely known and recognizable brands. The purpose of DBIs is to undermine the positive brand meanings the brand owners are trying to instill through their marketing
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are among the most recognized brands around the world. NGOs and non-profit organizations moved beyond using their brands for fundraising to express their internal identity and to clarify their social goals and long-term aims. Organizational brands have well-determined brand guidelines and logo
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Multibranding strategy is when a company gives each product a distinct name. Multibranding is best used as an approach when each brand in intended for a different market segment. Multibranding is used in an assortment of ways with selected companies grouping their brands based on price-quality
1691:" which occurs when a brand pops into a consumer's mind when asked to name brands in a product category. For example, when someone is asked to name a type of facial tissue, the common answer, "Kleenex", will represent a top-of-mind brand. Top-of-mind awareness is a special case of brand recall.
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Consumers may distinguish the psychological aspect (brand associations like thoughts, feelings, perceptions, images, experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and so on that become linked to the brand) of a brand from the experiential aspect. The experiential aspect consists of the sum of all points of
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When brand parity operates, quality is often not a major concern because consumers believe that only minor quality differences exist. Instead, it is important to have brand equity which is "the perception that a good or service with a given brand name is different, better, and can be trusted"
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Marketers or product managers that responsible for branding, seek to develop or align the expectations behind the brand experience, creating the impression that a brand associated with a product or service has certain qualities or characteristics, which make it special or unique. A brand can,
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Brand identity is a collection of individual components, such as a name, a design, a set of images, a slogan, a vision, writing style, a particular font or a symbol etc. which sets the brand aside from others. For a company to exude a strong sense of brand identity, it must have an in-depth
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In 2012 Riefler stated that if the company communicating a brand is a global organization or has future global aims, that company should look to employ a method of communication that is globally appealing to their consumers, and subsequently choose a method of communication with will be
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When a brand communicates a brand identity to a receiver, it runs the risk of the receiver incorrectly interpreting the message. Therefore, a brand should use appropriate communication channels to positively "…affect how the psychological and physical aspects of a brand are perceived".
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that a product failure will affect other products in the line as each brand is unique to each market segment. Although, certain large multiband companies have come across that the cost and difficulty of implementing a multibranding strategy can overshadow the benefits. For example,
2808:, (sun-) glasses, furniture, hotels, etc. Nevertheless, brand extension has its disadvantages. There is a risk that too many uses for one brand name can oversaturate the market resulting in a blurred and weak brand for consumers. Examples of brand extension can be seen through
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McKee (2014) also looked into brand communication and states that when communicating a brand, a company should look to simplify its message as this will lead to more value being portrayed as well as an increased chance of target consumers recalling and recognizing the brand.
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Schaefer and
Kuehlwein propose the following 'Ueber-Branding' principles. They derived them from studying successful modern Prestige brands and what elevates them above mass competitors and beyond considerations of performance and price (alone) in the minds of consumers:
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occurs when a brand is not only top-of-mind to consumers, but also has distinctive qualities which consumers perceive as making it better than other brands in the particular market. The distinction(s) that set a product apart from the competition is/are also known as the
4722:"Titulus pictus A titulus pictus is a commercial inscription made on the surface of certain artefacts. The inscription specifies information such as origin, destination, type of product, etc. Tituli picti are frequent on ancient Roman pottery containers used for trade.
2726:. Virgin, a multination conglomerate uses the punk-inspired, handwritten red logo with the iconic tick for all its products ranging from airlines, hot air balloons, telecommunication to healthcare. Church & Dwight, a manufacturer of household products displays the
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Many businesses have started to use elements of personalization in their branding strategies, offering the client or consumer the ability to choose from various brand options or have direct control over the brand. Examples of this include the #ShareACoke campaign by
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Relationship: The bond between a brand and its customers, and the customer expectations of the brand (the experience beyond the tangible product). Such as warranties or services during and after purchase help maintain a sustainable relationship and keep the consumer
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the use of marks resurfaced and was applied to specific types of goods. By the 13th century, the use of maker's marks had become evident on a broad range of goods. In 1266, makers' marks on bread became compulsory in
England. The Italians used brands in the form of
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segments. Individual brand names naturally allow greater flexibility by permitting a variety of different products, of differing quality, to be sold without confusing the consumer's perception of what business the company is in or diluting higher quality products.
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A challenger brand is a brand in an industry where it is neither the market leader nor a niche brand. Challenger brands are categorized by a mindset that sees them have business ambitions beyond conventional resources and an intent to bring change to an industry.
1194:—all types of brand—became widely used across Europe during this period. Hallmarks, although known from the 4th-century, especially in Byzantium, only came into general use during the Medieval period. British silversmiths introduced hallmarks for silver in 1300.
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Finally, the receiver retrieves the message and attempts to understand what the sender was aiming to render. Often, a message may be incorrectly received due to noise in the market, which is caused by "…unplanned static or distortion during the communication
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in
Mesopotamia in around 3,000 BCE, and facilitated the labelling of goods and property; and the use of maker's marks on pottery was commonplace in both ancient Greece and Rome. Identity marks, such as stamps on ceramics, were also used in ancient Egypt.
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One of the facets to a brand's identity is self-image: How one brand-customer portrays their ideal self – how they want to look and behave; what they aspire to – brands can target their messaging accordingly and make the brand's aspirations reflect
1599:. The brand is often intended to create an emotional response and recognition, leading to potential loyalty and repeat purchases. The brand experience is a brand's action perceived by a person. The psychological aspect, sometimes referred to as the
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Wikileaks has published the video and transcript of an investigative report into "est" (Erhard
Seminars Training) guru and Landmark Education Forum godfather Werner Erhard by CBS News, originally broadcast on the program 60 Minutes on March 3,
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extended its brand from tires to other rubber products such as shoes, golf balls, tennis racquets, and adhesives. Frequently, the product is no different from what else is on the market, except a brand name marking. Brand is product identity.
3243:"Living the Dream" – Living the brand mission as an organization and through its actions. Thus radiating the brand myth from the inside out, consistently and through all brand manifestations. – For "Nothing is as volatile than a dream."
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The term "brand name" is quite often used interchangeably with "brand", although it is more correctly used to specifically denote written or spoken linguistic elements of any product. In this context, a "brand name" constitutes a type of
1449:, led to some of the most enduring campaigns of the 20th-century. Brand advertisers began to imbue goods and services with a personality, based on the insight that consumers searched for brands with personalities that matched their own.
2770:. Gatorade, a manufacturer of sport-themed food and beverages effectively introduced Gatorade G2, a low-calorie line of Gatorade drinks. Likewise, Porsche, a specialized automobile manufacturer successfully markets its lower-end line,
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and was particularly relevant to women, who were the primary purchasers. Details in the image show a white rabbit crushing herbs, and text includes advice to shoppers to look for the stone white rabbit in front of the maker's shop.
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In this case the supplier of a key component, used by a number of suppliers of the end-product, may wish to guarantee its own position by promoting that component as a brand in its own right. The most frequently quoted example is
1001:. Stamps were used on bricks, pottery, and storage containers as well as on fine ceramics. Pottery marking had become commonplace in ancient Greece by the 6th century BCE. A vase manufactured around 490 BCE bears the inscription "
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The brand identity works as a guideline, as the frame in which a brand will evolve and define itself, or in the words of David Aaker, "…a unique set of brand associations that the brand strategist aspires to create or maintain."
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By the 1940s, manufacturers began to recognize the way in which consumers had started to develop relationships with their brands in a social/psychological/anthropological sense. Advertisers began to use motivational research and
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Madhavaram, Sreedhar; Badrinarayanan, Vishag; McDonald, Robert E. (2005). "Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Brand Identity as Critical Components of Brand Strategy: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions".
1212:, the British brewery founded in 1777, became a pioneer in international brand marketing. Many years before 1855, Bass applied a red triangle to casks of its pale ale. In 1876, its red-triangle brand became the first registered
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A great brand raises the bar – it adds a greater sense of purpose to the experience, whether it's the challenge to do your best in sports and fitness, or the affirmation that the cup of coffee you're drinking really matters. –
1132:. Mosaic patterns in the atrium of his house feature images of amphorae bearing his personal brand and quality claims. The mosaic depicts four different amphora, one at each corner of the atrium, and bearing labels as follows:
3228:"Mission Incomparable" – Having a differentiated and meaningful brand purpose beyond 'making money.' Setting rules that follow this purpose – even when it violates the mass marketing mantra of "Consumer is always Boss/right".
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Reflection: The "stereotypical user" of the brand. A brand is likely to be purchased by several buyer's profiles but they will have a go-to person that they use in their campaigns. For example, Lou Yetu and the Parisian chic
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that fit the consumer's budget. For retail outlets, these types of collaborations give them greater control over the design process as well as access to exclusive store brands that can potentially drive store traffic.
1983:. One method of brand communication that companies can exploit involves electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). eWOM is a relatively new approach identified to communicate with consumers. One popular method of eWOM involves
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management professor Christopher Martin has referred to research confirming that consumers choose from a "portfolio of brands", and that factors such as availability will be a major determinant of actual choice.
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shape of the amphora and its pictorial markings conveyed information about the contents, region of origin and even the identity of the producer, which were understood to convey information about product quality.
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After the encoding stage, the forming of the message is complete and is portrayed through a selected channel. In IMC, channels may include media elements such as advertising, public relations, sales promotions,
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Brand recognition is most successful when people can elicit recognition without being explicitly exposed to the company's name, but rather through visual signifiers like logos, slogans, and colors. For example,
1363:, and advertising experts began producing books and pamphlets exhorting manufacturers to bypass retailers and to advertise directly to consumers with strongly branded messages. Around 1900, advertising guru
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Self-image: How one brand-customer portrays their ideal self – how they want to look and behave; what they aspire to – brands can target their messaging accordingly and make the brand's aspirations reflect
1638:, store-branded product), potential purchasers may often select the more expensive branded product on the basis of the perceived quality of the brand or on the basis of the reputation of the brand owner.
2394:
Personality: The persona, how a brand communicates with their audience, which is expressed through its tone of voice, design assets and then integrates this into communication touchpoints in a coherent
1750:
brand recall, where few consumers are able to spontaneously recall brand names within a given category, when prompted with a brand name, a larger number of consumers are typically able to recognize it.
3216:"Cultural contradictions" – Some kind of mismatch between prevailing ideology and emergent undercurrents in society. In other words, a difference with the way consumers are and how they wish they were.
1117:. The inscription, which reads "G(ari) F(los) SCO(mbri) SCAURI EX OFFI(CI)NA SCAURI", has been translated as: "The flower of garum, made of the mackerel, a product of Scaurus, from the shop of Scaurus"
2362:
The expression of a brand – including its name, trademark, communications, and visual appearance – is brand identity. Because the identity is assembled by the brand owner, it reflects how the owner
3355:, now offers a range of exclusive designer private labels including Jayson Brundson, Karen Walker, Leona Edmiston, Wayne Cooper, Fleur Wood and 'L' for Lisa Ho. Another up-market department store,
2475:
Color is a particularly important element of visual brand identity and color mapping provides an effective way of ensuring color contributes to differentiation in a visually cluttered marketplace.
3040:
Mixed branding strategy is where a firm markets products under its own name(s) and that of a reseller because the segment attracted to the reseller is different from its own market. For example,
5440:. However, that expansion of the meaning of brand identity causes some confusion because it overlaps with other common branding terms, such as brand image, brand personality, and brand meaning.
3391:
With the development of the brand, Branding is no longer limited to a product or service. There are kinds of branding that treat individuals and organizations as the products to be branded. Most
3246:"Growth without End" – Avoiding to be perceived as an omnipresent, diluting brand appeal. Instead 'growing with gravitas' by leveraging scarcity/high prices, 'sideways expansion' and other means.
1945:
It is at this point where the message can often deter from its original purpose as the message must go through the process of being decoded, which can often lead to unintended misinterpretation.
1603:, is a symbolic construct created within the minds of people, consisting of all the information and expectations associated with a product, with a service, or with the companies providing them.
952:
Diana Twede has argued that the "consumer packaging functions of protection, utility and communication have been necessary whenever packages were the object of transactions". She has shown that
3555:
Doppelgänger brands are typically created by individuals or groups to express criticism of a brand and its perceived values, through a form of parody, and are typically unflattering in nature.
2003:
internationally understood. One way a company can do this involves choosing a product or service's brand name, as this name will need to be suitable for the marketplace that it aims to enter.
2492:
Brand parity is the perception of customers that some brands are equivalent. This means that shoppers will purchase within a group of accepted brands rather than choosing one specific brand.
1330:
pancake mix were also among the first products to be "branded" in an effort to increase the consumer's familiarity with the product's merits. Other brands which date from that era, such as
4599:
3044:, a major American cosmetics and fragrance company, uses mixed branding strategy. The company sells its Elizabeth Arden brand through department stores and line of skin care products at
5991:
2398:
Culture: The values, the principles on which a brand bases its behaviour. For example, Google flexible office hours and fun environment so the employees feel happy and creative at work.
846:) strategies. Many companies believe that there is often little to differentiate between several types of products in the 21st century, hence branding is among a few remaining forms of
1611:. This means that building a strong brand helps to distinguish a product from similar ones and differentiate it from competitors. The art of creating and maintaining a brand is called
4261:
Haring, Ben (2018). "Identity marks in ancient Egypt: Scribal and non-scribal modes of visual communication". In Jasink, Anna Margherita; Weingarten, Judith; Ferrara, Silvia (eds.).
6593:
1569:. If a company is seen to symbolize specific values, it will, in turn, attract customers who also believe in these values. For example, Nike's brand represents the value of a "
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Brand extension is the system of employing a current brand name to enter a different product class. Having a strong brand equity allows for brand extension; for example, many
3339:
clothing sector) this "own brand" may be able to compete against even the strongest brand leaders, and may outperform those products that are not otherwise strongly branded.
2574:
Corporate name-changes offer particularly stark examples of branding-related decisions. A name change may signal different ownership or new product directions. Thus the name
2537:
Often, especially in the industrial sector, brand engineers will promote a company's name. Exactly how the company name relates to product and services names forms part of a
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did likewise extending its strong lines (such as Fairy Soap) into neighboring products (Fairy Liquid and Fairy Automatic) within the same category, dish washing detergents.
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extension. A line extension is when a current brand name is used to enter a new market segment in the existing product class, with new varieties or flavors or sizes. When
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1938:
Firstly, a source/sender wishes to convey a message to a receiver. This source must encode the intended message in a way that the receiver will potentially understand.
3240:"Behold!" – Making products and associated brand rituals reflect the essence of the brand mission and myth. Making it the center of attention, while keeping it fresh.
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1045:
Some of the earliest use of maker's marks, dating to about 1,300 BCE, have been found in India. The oldest generic brand in continuous use, known in India since the
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carry their brand as a fundraising tool. The purpose of most NGOs is to leave a social impact so their brand becomes associated with specific social life matters.
1738:
is one of the initial phases of brand awareness and validates whether or not a customer remembers being pre-exposed to the brand. Brand recognition (also known as
7195:
3213:"Myth-making" – A meaningful storytelling fabricated by cultural insiders. These must be seen as legitimate and respected by consumers for stories to be accepted.
2745:
A product line extension is the procedure of entering a new market segment in its product class by means of using a current brand name. An example of this is the
1573:" attitude. Thus, this form of brand identification attracts customers who also share this same value. Even more extensive than its perceived values is a brand's
6377:
5638:
Aguirre-Rodriguez, Alexandra; Bosnjak, Michael; Sirgy, M. Joseph (2012). "Moderators of the self-congruity effect on consumer decision-making: A meta-analysis".
2316:
A brand line allows the introduction of various subtypes of a product under a common, ideally already established, brand name. Examples would be the individual
7282:
6712:
6647:
Giesler, Markus (November 2012). "How Doppelgänger Brand Images Influence the Market Creation Process: Longitudinal Insights from the Rise of Botox Cosmetic".
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for recognition and, importantly, to create and store value as brand equity for the object identified, to the benefit of the brand's customers, its owners and
6186:
Kim, Eunice; Sung, Yongjun; Kang, Hamsu. "Brand followers' retweeting behavior on Twitter: How brand relationships influence brand electronic word-of-mouth".
1715:) occurs when consumers see or read a list of brands, and express familiarity with a particular brand only after they hear or see it as a type of memory aide.
1150:
broad range of goods. Wine jars, for example, were stamped with names, such as "Lassius" and "L. Eumachius"; probably references to the name of the producer.
5541:
Louis, Didier; Lombart, Cindy (2010). "Impact of brand personality on three major relational consequences (trust, attachment, and commitment to the brand)".
1234:
has used the same logo – capitalized font beneath a lion crest – since 1787, making it the world's oldest in continuous use.
1136:
1. G(ari) F(los) SCO/ SCAURI/ EX OFFI/NA SCAU/RI (translated as: "The flower of garum, made of the mackerel, a product of Scaurus, from the shop of Scaurus")
2868:
The risk of over-extension is brand dilution where the brand loses its brand associations with a market segment, product area, or quality, price or cachet.
2367:
identity is fundamental to consumer recognition and symbolizes the brand's differentiation from competitors. Brand identity is distinct from brand image.
6005:
Shirazi, A.; Lorestani, H. Z.; Mazidi, A. K. (2013). "Investigating the effects of brand identity on customer loyalty from social identity perspective".
3518:
is the set of preventive, monitoring and reactive measures taken by brand owners to eliminate, reduce or mitigate these infringements and their effect.
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branding or proto-branding emerged spontaneously and independently throughout Africa, Asia and Europe at different times, depending on local conditions.
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is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in
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These are brands that are created by "the public" for the business, which is opposite to the traditional method where the business creates a brand.
1306:
The process of giving a brand "human" characteristics represented, at least in part, a response to consumer concerns about mass-produced goods. The
1412:
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3219:"The cultural brand management process" – Actively engaging in the myth-making process in making sure the brand maintains its position as an icon.
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3645:
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can help marketing leaders optimize how they spend marketing budgets to maximize the impact on brand awareness or on sales. Managing brands for
6558:
Richardson, Paul S.; Dick, Alan S.; Jain, Arun K. (October 1994). "Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue Effects on Perceptions of Store Brand Quality".
6238:
2037:, if the brand name exclusively identifies the brand owner as the commercial source of products or services. A brand owner may seek to protect
1230:) as Britain's, and the world's, oldest branding and packaging, with its green-and-gold packaging having remained almost unchanged since 1885.
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therefore, become one of the most valuable elements in an advertising theme, as it demonstrates what the brand owner is able to offer in the
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the same product class as they share the same name. Consequently, the multiproduct branding strategy makes product line extension possible.
7547:
4129:
7360:
Thompson, Craig J; Rindfleisch, Aric; Arsel, Zeynep (2006). "Emotional Branding and the Strategic Value of the Doppelgänger Brand Image".
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3210:"Necessary conditions" – The performance of the product must at least be acceptable, preferably with a reputation of having good quality.
5875:
MacDonald, Emma K.; Sharp, Byron M (2000). "Brand Awareness Effects on Consumer Decision Making for a Common, Repeat Purchase Product".
4481:
Starčević, S. "The Origin and Historical Development of Branding and Advertising in the Old Civilizations of Africa, Asia, and Europe".
707:
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which refers to the brand name or part of a brand that is legally protected. For example, Coca-Cola not only protects the brand name,
6236:
Riefler, Petra (2012). "Why consumers do (not) like global brands: The role of globalization attitude, GCO and global brand origin".
3846:
1345:
The Quaker Company was one of the earliest to use a character on its packaging, branding, and advertising. Pictured: The Quaker Man,
55:
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3231:"Longing versus Belonging" – Playing with the opposing desires of people for Inclusion on the one hand and Exclusivity on the other.
1255:
A characteristic feature of 19th-century mass-marketing was the widespread use of branding, originating with the advent of packaged
1022:
in England. English potters based at Colchester and Chichester used stamps on their ceramic wares by the 1st century CE. The use of
7842:
5093:
Schwarzkopf, S., "Turning Trade Marks into Brands: How Advertising Agencies Created Brands in the Global Market Place, 1900–1930",
4686:
Zonggghuo lish bowu guan (ed.), Zonggghuo godai shi cako tulu: song yuan shi qi, Shanghai, Shanghai jiao yu chubashe, 1991, p. 109.
3060:
produce private brands of home appliances, pet foods, and soap, correspondingly. Other examples of mixed branding strategy include
2045:– such trademarks are called "Registered Trademarks". Advertising spokespersons have also become part of some brands, for example:
1952:
The final stage of this process is when the receiver responds to the message, which is received by the original sender as feedback.
1683:). These types of awareness operate in entirely different ways with important implications for marketing strategy and advertising.
7058:
2300:—which are often used to describe any brand of adhesive bandage; any type of hosiery; or any brand of facial tissue respectively.
1388:
for six times what the company was worth on paper. Business analysts reported that what they really purchased was the brand name.
1102:, indicate that some bakers stamped their bread with the producer's name. Roman glassmakers branded their works, with the name of
7217:
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Physique: The physical characteristics and iconography of your brand ( such as the Nike swoosh or the orange pantone of easyJet).
7045:
7508:
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5436:
This deeper meaning, the core values, character, or essence of a brand, is what Upshaw (1995) refers to when they use the term
2591:
3463:
has created the facility for users to create their own symbol for the software to replace the brand's mark known as The Bélo.
2901:, a multinational consumer goods company that offers over 100 brands, each suited for different consumer needs. For instance,
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is a distinctive brand logo used to attract the attention of people attending a sporting event, or watching it on television.
1828:
shapes: the distinctive shapes of the Coca-Cola bottle and of the Volkswagen Beetle are trademarked elements of those brands
5750:
4589:"Non-Destructive Imaging of Worn-off Hallmarks and Engravings from Metal Objects of Art Using Scanning Acoustic Microscopy"
6489:
O'Connor, Zena (December 10, 2010). "Logo colour and differentiation: A new application of environmental colour mapping".
6108:
Uzunoğlu, Ebru; Misci Kip, Sema (2014). "Brand communication through digital influencers: Leveraging blogger engagement".
5959:
4960:
4734:
4456:
The Future of Marketing's Past: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference on Historical Analysis and Research in Marketing
3480:
is a field of theory and practice which aims to measure, build and manage the reputation of countries (closely related to
2876:
Brand collaborations refer to the participation of multiple firms in a branding initiative. One of the most well-known is
3234:"Un-Selling" – First and foremost seeking to seduce through pride and provocation, rather than to sell through arguments.
2718:
as the company's brand name is identical to their trade name. Other examples of multiproduct branding strategy include
2011:
between the product, the consumer lifestyle, and the endorser is important for the effectiveness of brand communication.
1903:
1885:
1121:
One merchant that made good use of the titulus pictus was Umbricius Scaurus, a manufacturer of fish sauce (also known as
490:
5749:
Tan, Donald (2010). "Success Factors In Establishing Your Brand". Franchising and Licensing Association. Retrieved from
3891:
3583:
protesting the Hummer SUV as a symbol of corporate and public irresponsibility toward public safety and the environment.
3237:"From Myth To Meaning" – Leveraging the power of myth – 'Ueber-Stories' that have fascinated- and guided humans forever.
2548:
In this case, a strong brand name (or company name) becomes the vehicle for marketing a range of products (for example,
5259:
4230:"The origin and historical development of branding and advertising in the old civilizations of Africa, Asia and Europe"
3507:
2468:
1295:
traits such as youthfulness, fun, sex appeal, luxury or the "cool" factor. This began the modern practice now known as
7199:
6381:
6265:
Sappington, David E. M.; Wernerfelt, Birger (1985). "To Brand or Not to Brand? A Theoretical and Empirical Question".
3096:
Attitude branding is the choice to represent a larger feeling, which is not necessarily connected with the product or
903:
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7289:
6135:
Phelps, Elizabeth A. (April 2004). "Human emotion and memory: interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complex".
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5244:
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Demirdjian, Z. S. (2005). "Rise and Fall of Marketing in Mesopotamia: A Conundrum in the Cradle of Civilization", in
1822:
tagline or catchphrase: a short phrase always used in the product's advertising and closely associated with the brand
1078:
6716:
5328:
Marketing in Transition: Scarcity, Globalism, & Sustainability: Proceedings of the 2009 World Marketing Congress
3255:
Recently, a number of companies have successfully pursued "no-brand" strategies by creating packaging that imitates
2471:), one of the first visual identities to integrate logotype, icon, alphabet, color palette, and station architecture
8498:
7540:
5711:
1705:) refers to the brand or set of brands that a consumer can elicit from memory when prompted with a product category
1208:
Some brands still in existence as of 2018 date from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries' period of mass-production.
1173:
developed a language of visual symbolism which would feed into the evolution of branding, and with the rise of the
17:
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that a firm's name is infused with meaning and reputation, thereby providing information that drives brand image .
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8279:
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5846:
3734:
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5805:
Percy, Larry; Rossiter, John R. (1992). "A model of brand awareness and brand attitude advertising strategies".
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The practice of branding—in the original literal sense of marking by burning—is thought to have begun with the
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are saturated with store brands (or private labels). For example, in the United States, Paragon Trade Brands,
8564:
8559:
5902:
Percy, Larry; Rossiter, John (1992). "A model of brand awareness and brand attitude advertising strategies".
4179:. Vol. 1 (A–B) (1970 reprint ed.). Oxford, UK: The Clarendon Press. 1913. p. 1054 – via
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912:
7258:
6738:
Srinivasan, Shuba; Hsu, Liwu; Fournier, Susan (2012). "Branding and firm value". In Ganesan, Shankar (ed.).
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Karmasin, H., "Ernest Dichter's Studies on Automobile Marketing", in Schwarzkopf, S., and Gries, R. (eds.),
911:
provided potential customers with information about goods and quality. Pictured: Amphorae for wine and oil,
5298:, Vol. 34 No. 3, 1997, p. 347; Aaker, J., "The Malleable Self: The Role of Self-expression in Persuasion",
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describing them as 'Ueber-Brands' – brands that are able to gain and retain "meaning beyond the material."
2816:. Kimberly-Clark is a corporation that produces personal and health care products being able to extend the
2595:
2351:
2339:
1026:, a type of brand, on precious metals dates to around the 4th century CE. A series of five marks occurs on
7097:
6893:"Unconventional luxury brand collaborations: a new form of luxury consumption among young adults in China"
6202:
5929:
4170:
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Subbranding is used by certain multiproduct branding companies. Subbranding merges a corporate, family or
2594:. A change in corporate naming may also have a role in seeking to shed an undesirable image: for example,
8579:
8302:
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are major suppliers of diapers, grocery products, and private label alkaline batteries, correspondingly.
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willing to pay for shifting its position in the market; the new product being one stage in this process.
2944:
2617:
1310:
began using the image of the Quaker Man in place of a trademark from the late 1870s, with great success.
6518:"Product class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes: The role of brand trust and brand affect"
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campaign organized to criticize the marketing of tobacco products to children and their harmful effects.
3527:
8574:
6958:
3408:
1723:
1416:
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4. LIQUAMEN/ OPTIMUM/ EX OFFICI/A SCAURI (translated as: "The best liquamen, from the shop of Scaurus")
414:
7471:"ISO/DIS 20671-3 Brand evaluation — Part 3: Guidelines for brands related to geographical Indications"
1142:
3. G F SCOM/ SCAURI (translated as: "The flower of garum, made of the mackerel, a product of Scaurus")
8549:
8259:
7620:
4175:
2621:
1984:
1979:
and refers to how businesses transmit their brand messages, characteristics and attributes to their
693:
4033:
Ghodeswar, Bhimrao M. (2008). "Building brand identity in competitive markets: A conceptual model".
1153:
7798:
7793:
5276:
Ernest Dichter and Motivation Research: New Perspectives on the Making of Post-war Consumer Culture
4766:, Harvard University Press, 2008; See Chapter 5, "Earning a Living: Baker, Banker and Garum Maker".
4200:
3873:
3203:. Many iconic brands include almost ritual-like behaviour in purchasing or consuming the products.
3134:
describes attitude branding as a "fetish strategy". Schaefer and Kuehlwein analyzed brands such as
2609:
1889:
1279:
or company insignia on the barrels used, effectively using a corporate trademark as a quasi-brand.
974:
while other historians argue that the presence of these simple markings does not imply that mature
138:
7441:
5527:
Azoulay, A. and Kapferer, J. N., "Do Brand Personality Scales Really Measure Brand Personality?"
3825:"Apple clinches top spot as world's most valuable brand, outshining Amazon, Google, and Microsoft"
2354:
to assign a brand to a product. The OKFN Brand repository is critical for the Open Data movement.
1758:
successfully branded its particular script font (originally created for Walt Disney's "signature"
1066:(or seer) named Chyawan. One well-documented early example of a highly developed brand is that of
1033:
993:
in antiquity. Archaeological evidence of potters' stamps has been found across the breadth of the
810:
In the modern era, the concept of branding has expanded to include deployment by a manager of the
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5110:, Routledge, N.Y., 1993, Chapter 2; scholars describe this period as the era of "mass marketing"
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2771:
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1992:
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1218:
990:
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are only two of the buzz words that are used and confused by brand experts and brand managers.
5149:, D. G. Brian Jones & Mark Tadajewski (eds.), Oxon, Routledge, 2016, p. 104; Martino, T.,
3363:, and has recently announced its intention to extend the number of exclusive designer brands.
1995:
to gain consumer trust and loyalty as well as in the pursuit of communicating brand messages.
8443:
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7024:"Ueber-Branding: How modern prestige brands create meaning through mission and myth – Part 1"
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1902:, the worth of a brand's identity would become obsolete without ongoing brand communication.
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1527:, but also protects the distinctive Spencerian script and the contoured shape of the bottle.
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Aaker, Jennifer L. (1999). "The Malleable Self: The Role of Self-Expression in Persuasion".
5119:
Arnold E. J. and Thompson C. J., "Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research",
3986:
2435:
2024:
1157:
Back section of a bracelet clasp with a hallmark of Hunnish craftsmanship, early 5th century
919:
Branding and labeling have an ancient history. Branding probably began with the practice of
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8201:
8151:
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4085:(January 1, 1993). "Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity".
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3404:
2861:, they stayed within the originating product category: non-alcoholic carbonated beverages.
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In order for brands to effectively communicate to customers, marketers must "…consider all
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of the Indus Valley (3,300–1,300 BCE) where the local community depended heavily on trade;
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4458:, Leighton Neilson (ed.), CA, Longman, Association for Analysis and Research in Marketing.
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1539:
According to Kotler et al. (2009), a brand's identity may deliver four levels of meaning:
1303:
instead of the product and rely on the brand name instead of a retailer's recommendation.
822:. The key components that form a brand's toolbox include a brand's identity, personality,
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and branded slaves as early as 2,700 BCE. Branding was used to differentiate one person's
8:
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Careful brand management seeks to make products or services relevant and meaningful to a
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from another's by means of a distinctive symbol burned into the animal's skin with a hot
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Pride, W. M.; Ferrell, O. C.; Lukas, B. A.; Schembri, S.; Niininen, O. and Casidy, E.,
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Pride, W. M.; Ferrell, O. C.; Lukas, B. A.; Schembri, S.; Niininen, O. and Casidy, E.,
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4950:, Vol. 7, Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1961, pp. 23–35.
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equipment, engines, robots, aircraft, and bikes. Mars extended its brand to ice cream,
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1090:, a commercial brand or inscription applied to objects offered for sale was known as a
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Parker, B. T., "A Comparison of Brand Personality and Brand user-imagery Congruence",
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Eckhardt, Giana M.; Bengtsson, Anders (2009). "A Brief History of Branding in China".
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Materiality and Social Practice: Transformative Capacities of Intercultural Encounters
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7753:
7705:
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7315:
7158:
7002:
6966:
6914:
6871:
6844:
6745:
6744:. Elgar Original Reference Series. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 177.
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4006:
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858:
800:
671:
462:
331:
306:
301:
276:
193:
188:
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have become popular. Where the retailer has a particularly strong identity (such as
2962:
The main purpose of fighting brands is to challenge competitor brands. For example,
1934:
One can analyze the traditional communication model into several consecutive steps:
818:
or products from competitors, aiming to create a lasting impression in the minds of
8528:
8352:
8332:
8234:
8196:
8181:
7972:
7947:
7821:
7803:
7763:
7660:
7575:
7369:
6904:
6812:"Wikileaks re-publishes 60 Minutes piece on est/Landmark cult leader Werner Erhard"
6660:
6567:
6532:
6498:
6331:
6276:
6251:
6247:
6144:
6117:
6084:
5911:
5884:
5814:
5681:
5647:
5612:
5577:
5550:
5506:
5502:
5166:, D. G. Brian Jones & Mark Tadajewski (eds), Oxon, Routledge, 2016, pp. 106–08.
4816:
4661:
4522:
4403:
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4330:
4295:
4241:
4180:
4144:
4098:
4042:
3998:
3696:
3691:
3669:
3659:
3515:
3502:
3364:
3179:
2971:
2858:
2687:
2671:
2642:
Marketers associate separate products or lines with separate brand names - such as
2527:
2139:
1612:
1595:
1484:
1385:
1256:
1191:
1095:
975:
962:
843:
565:
555:
506:
457:
354:
291:
281:
261:
246:
213:
198:
163:
148:
128:
5848:
Strategic Brand Management: New Approaches to Creating and Evaluating Brand Equity
5651:
4717:
3459:
which printed people's names and place names on their bottles encouraging people.
1800:
will often involve applying marketing-mix modeling techniques in conjunction with
1204:'s logo became the first image to be registered as a trademark in the UK, in 1876.
44:
8554:
8518:
8503:
8448:
8269:
8045:
7892:
7867:
7832:
7675:
6777:
6739:
6622:
6212:
5411:
5263:
4851:
4149:
3895:
3880:
3774:
3728:
3701:
3680:
3674:
3477:
3380:
3200:
3183:
3163:
3053:
3005:
2885:
2838:
2822:
2801:
2787:
2775:
2667:
2625:
2568:
2329:
2269:
2216:
2179:
2062:
1976:
1801:
1652:
1647:
1627:
862:
835:
796:
633:
595:
590:
580:
560:
522:
447:
321:
123:
7117:
Heig, Matt. "Brand Royalty: How the World's Top 100 Brands Thrive and Survive",
6934:"Unconventional luxury brand collaborations are everywhere. What is the appeal?"
6536:
4562:
Roman Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum): Excavations in the War-damaged Areas, 1945–1947
4501:
Roman Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum): Excavations in the War-damaged Areas, 1945–1947
3533:
1816:
name: the word or words used to identify a company, product, service, or concept
932:, which acted as quasi-brands, have been found on early Chinese products of the
8400:
8264:
8249:
8211:
8191:
8128:
7967:
7942:
7847:
7730:
7710:
7665:
7643:
6335:
6207:
6148:
5162:
Petty, R. D., "A History of Brand Identity Protection and Brand Marketing", in
5145:
Petty, R. D., "A History of Brand Identity Protection and Brand Marketing", in
4967:
4901:
4695:
Petty, R. D., "A History of Brand Identity Protection and Brand Marketing", in
4428:
Petty, R. D., "A History of Brand Identity Protection and Brand Marketing", in
4394:
Moore, Karl; Reid, Susan (2008). "The birth of brand: 4000 years of branding".
3963:
3796:
3511:
3481:
3472:
3371:
to produce her "Petites" range. Specsavers has joined up with Sydney designer,
3368:
3336:
3276:
3152:
2809:
2758:
2542:
2317:
2058:
2054:
1871:
Figure 2. Demonstrating touch points associated with purchase experience stages
1856:
has trademarked its special recipe of eleven herbs and spices for fried chicken
1608:
1503:
1476:
1369:
1331:
1288:
1223:
1174:
1091:
1041:
trademark of Jinan Liu's Fine Needles Shop, Chinese, Song Dynasty (960-1127 CE)
998:
985:
Amphorae bearing a titulus pictus and potters' stamps, found at Monte Testaccio
924:
882:
866:
823:
676:
575:
570:
513:
364:
7373:
5554:
4526:
4432:, D. G. Brian Jones, Mark Tadajewski (eds), Oxon, Routledge, 2016, pp. 97–114.
4407:
4263:
Non-scribal Communication Media in the Bronze Age Aegean and Surrounding Areas
4046:
4002:
3642:
Brand evaluation - Guidelines for brands relating to geographical indications
2159:
1380:
has described this development as "brand equity mania". In 1988, for example,
8543:
8508:
8465:
8274:
8254:
8093:
7837:
7685:
7590:
7319:
6970:
6918:
6909:
6354:
6299:
6156:
6029:
Advertising and promotion: an integrated marketing communications perspective
5833:
Advertising and Promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective
5134:
Brand Failures: The truth about the 100 biggest branding mistakes of all time
4931:
4665:
4631:"Pulling the white rabbit out of the hat: consuming brands in imperial China"
4321:
Twede, Diana (2016). "Commercial Amphoras: The Earliest Consumer Packages?".
4286:
Twede, Diana (2016). "Commercial Amphoras: The Earliest Consumer Packages?".
4010:
3824:
3686:
3320:
3315:
3256:
3113:
2957:
2881:
2658:- which may compete against other brands from the same company (for example,
2613:
2564:
2549:
2545:
and their relationship depend on more than a dozen strategic considerations.
2285:
2225:
2205:
2178:: using the names of real people, (especially a founder's surname), such as "
1635:
1460:
chocolate-chip cookies, for example. Brand development, often performed by a
1272:
958:
941:
929:
839:
788:
768:
756:
745:
585:
546:
399:
286:
5256:
4334:
4299:
3922:
3888:
2268:
The act of associating a product or service with a brand has become part of
1070:
sewing needles, dating from China's Song dynasty (960 to 1127 CE). A copper
8513:
8433:
8428:
8312:
8156:
8098:
8078:
7585:
7501:"ISO/DIS 20671-2.2 Brand evaluation — Part 2: Implementation and reporting"
7214:"Target On Target for New Era Women's Fashion," Research Finding, no. 5756"
6892:
6164:
5915:
5818:
5064:
4735:"New brand discovery in Modena Ancient Roman Oil Lamp 'Factory Town' Found"
3768:
3706:
3291:
2926:
2834:
2719:
2116:
1899:
1846:
1832:
1663:
Marketers typically identify two distinct types of brand awareness; namely
1373:
1341:
1335:
1311:
1242:
1231:
1209:
1201:
1162:
1087:
1057:
1046:
994:
853:
618:
7470:
5685:
5670:"Brand Experience:What Is It? How Is It Measured? Does It Affect Loyalty?"
4246:
4229:
2387:
According to Kapferer (2004), there are six facets to a brand's identity:
1437:
to gather insights into consumer purchasing. Strong branded campaigns for
8405:
8365:
8216:
8123:
8118:
7987:
7977:
7962:
7788:
7758:
7740:
7605:
7135:
6807:
6294:
5206:
4699:, D. G. Brian Jones, Mark Tadajewski (eds), Oxon, Routledge, 2016, p. 99.
3576:
to highlight the relationship between soft drink consumption and obesity.
3328:
3131:
3117:
3065:
3057:
2983:
2877:
2675:
2321:
2244:
2046:
1906:(IMC) relates to how a brand transmits a clear consistent message to its
1860:
1825:
graphics: the "dynamic ribbon" is a trademarked part of Coca-Cola's brand
1420:
1377:
1356:
1327:
1323:
1292:
1183:
1166:
1161:
The use of identity marks on products declined following the fall of the
1099:
1060:, consumed for its purported health benefits and attributed to a revered
933:
889:
749:
737:
733:
527:
266:
241:
133:
6349:
3466:
2423:
2350:
is universal and is used by the Open Product Data Working Group of the
1745:
Brand recognition is often the mode of brand awareness that operates in
1615:. The orientation of an entire organization towards its brand is called
8486:
8385:
8342:
8307:
8226:
8166:
8060:
7997:
7816:
7700:
7690:
7615:
7600:
7595:
7570:
7154:
6998:
6867:
Marketing for Entrepreneurs: Concepts and Applications for New Ventures
6664:
6579:
5624:
5589:
4110:
3971:
3786:
3762:
3718:
3601:
3372:
3017:
2917:
which offers dryer sheets and fabric softeners. Other examples include
2711:
2655:
2604:
2221:
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1961:
1787:
1570:
1425:
1392:
1109:
981:
784:
681:
537:
424:
48:
6502:
4828:
2590:
represented a broadening of scope in 1924 from its original name, the
1867:
1835:(Pantone No. 1837). Tiffany & Co.'s trademarked the color in 1998.
1514:
A brand name is the part of a brand that can be spoken or written and
1237:
787:
and, in the 21st century, extends even further into services (such as
51:
is the world's most powerful brand in 2024 according to Brand Finance.
8206:
8186:
8161:
8040:
8012:
7925:
7862:
7748:
7610:
7580:
7525:
4807:
Curtis, Robert I (1984). "A Personalized Floor Mosaic from Pompeii".
4549:
Hadrian's Wall: Archaeological research by English Heritage 1976-2000
3623:
3610:
3456:
3324:
3192:
3172:
3168:
3156:
3135:
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3109:
3101:
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2854:
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2703:
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2249:
2150:
2070:
2034:
1634:
other, but one of the products has no associated branding (such as a
1507:
1494:
1480:
1319:
1213:
1179:
1027:
895:. It became to also mean the mark from burning with a branding iron.
831:
811:
780:
729:
384:
316:
73:
60:
6571:
5616:
5581:
4102:
2922:
2191:
8337:
8113:
7937:
7920:
7857:
7720:
7638:
7630:
6623:"Emotional Marketing Examples Scientifically Proven To Sway Buyers"
6280:
4820:
4369:
3206:
There are four key elements to creating iconic brands (Holt 2004):
3196:
3105:
3073:
3061:
2938:
2826:
2763:
2659:
2647:
2289:
2261:
2257:
2209:
1980:
1438:
1187:
1170:
1071:
1023:
1002:
908:
819:
725:
63:
5983:"How Tiffany's Iconic Box Became the World's Most Popular Package"
2796:
and designer companies extended brands into fragrances, shoes and
2124:: names that are fun to say and which stick in the mind, such as "
1975:
Brand communication is important in ensuring brand success in the
1082:
Roman oil lamp, showing underside with maker's mark. Museo Bellini
814:
and communication techniques and tools that help to distinguish a
8453:
8438:
8322:
8239:
7957:
7725:
7655:
7216:(Press release). Roy Morgan Research. August 2014. Archived from
7196:"Private Label Could be the New Black" Research Finding no. 5613"
6465:"Implication of Brand Identity Facets on Marketing Communication"
5210:
3780:
3745:
3126:
3045:
3013:
3001:
2967:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2767:
2707:
2557:
2305:
2297:
2253:
2086:
2050:
1988:
1489:
1396:
1268:
953:
815:
103:
6081:
Integrated Marketing Communications in Advertising and Promotion
5491:
3514:, can affect consumer trust and ultimately damage brand equity.
3493:
Association International is the industry leading organization.
3028:
are large retailers that have their own brand names. Similarly,
2905:
that helps consumers relieve dandruff in the form of a shampoo,
2459:
8380:
6608:
Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications
6427:. New York City: AIGA Center for Brand Experience. p. 20.
3460:
3412:
3359:, currently offers 'Collette' for leading Australian designer,
3191:
cultural icons which makes them "iconic brands". Examples are:
3143:
3077:
3025:
3009:
2963:
2906:
2830:
2663:
2583:
2575:
2236:: some brands create their name by using a silly pun, such as "
1763:
1746:
1461:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1103:
1007:
804:
764:
108:
7198:(Press release). Roy Morgan Research. May 2014. Archived from
5568:
Aaker, Jennifer L. (1997). "Dimensions of Brand Personality".
4778:"Review: 'Ennion', at the Met, Profiles an Ancient Glassmaker"
4041:. Bingely, West Yorkshire, England: Emerald Publishing: 4–12.
2371:
Therefore, businesses research consumer's brand associations.
2272:. Most products have some kind of brand identity, from common
2104:: names that describe a product benefit or function, such as "
1445:/Esso, using insights drawn from research into psychology and
8420:
5637:
4356:
Wengrow, David (2008). "Prehistories of Commodity Branding".
3376:
3283:
3260:
3085:
3081:
3021:
2914:
2910:
2813:
2651:
2464:
2301:
2293:
2120:
1831:
colors: the instant recognition consumers have when they see
1442:
1399:
adopted techniques that allowed their messages to stand out.
1122:
1062:
1015:
1011:
271:
7413:"Designer Makes Fun Of Pepsi, Turns Its Logo Into A Fat Man"
6322:
Schmitt, Bernd (2012). "The consumer psychology of brands".
4876:
Heraldry shaped the early history of emblematic brand marks.
3616:
Brand valuation - Requirements for monetary brand valuation
2248:: combining multiple words together to create one, such as "
1898:
Although brand identity is a fundamental asset to a brand's
1197:
7902:
7387:
4573:
Dannell, G and Mees, A., "Getting Samian Ware to Britain",
4469:
Pottery in the Roman World: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach
3635:
Two other ISO standards are being developed by ISO/TC 289:
3352:
3264:
3175:
2715:
2643:
2347:
2343:
2273:
2183:
1790:
have successfully fermented in the minds of its consumers.
1759:
1464:
1276:
1271:. When shipping their items, the factories would literally
1264:
881:, originally meaning a burning piece of wood, comes from a
827:
776:
7308:"Coke's Personalized Marketing Campaign Gains Online Buzz"
7151:
The Better Mousetrap: Brand Invention in a Media Democracy
7034:(4). London, England: Henry Stewart Publications: 395–409.
6995:
Rethinking Prestige Branding – Secrets of the Ueber-Brands
6402:
6231:
6229:
4619:
Sanskrit Epic Mahabharat, Van Parva, p. 3000, Shalok 15–22
3304:
The Better Mousetrap: Brand Invention in a Media Democracy
3080:. Michelin, one of the largest tire manufacturers allowed
1838:
sounds: a unique tune or set of notes can denote a brand.
923:
to deter theft. Images of the branding of cattle occur in
5179:
Brand Equity and Brand Value: Explanation and Measurement
3648:
Brand evaluation - Guide for the annual brand evaluation.
3597:
2587:
2232:
2155:
2095:
1853:
1839:
772:
7359:
7224:
6891:
Diaz Ruiz, Carlos; Cruz, Angela Gracia B. (2023-01-01).
4593:
National Center for Preservation Technology and Training
3540:
The term stems from the combination of the German words
2288:
become a generic term for a product or service, such as
961:
has argued that branding became necessary following the
6418:
6416:
6226:
5215:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Knopf Canada. p. 141.
3386:
3375:
to create an exclusive range of spectacle frames while
2966:, Australia's largest flag carrier airline, introduced
2518:
people reconnect and heal (and be appreciated for it).
2333:
1139:
2. LIQU/ FLOS (translated as: "The flower of Liquamen")
945:
936:(221-206 BCE); large numbers of seals survive from the
7449:
6004:
3906:
3091:
1931:
points the brand uses to connect with its customers .
1338:
breakfast cereal, furnish illustrations of the trend.
1263:
moved the production of many household items, such as
6737:
6045:
Dahlen, Micael; Lange, Fredrik; Smith, Terry (2010).
4856:
Visual Branding: A Rhetorical and Historical Analysis
3467:
Nation branding (place branding and public diplomacy)
3048:
with the "skin simple" brand name. Companies such as
2992:
In Australia, their leading supermarket chains, both
2781:
2168:: adoption of a word from another language, such as "
1812:
Brands typically comprise various elements, such as:
7232:"Is Your Personal Brand Working For or Against You?"
7059:
Myth-Making – The Holy Grail Of Today's Ueber-Brands
6413:
6264:
6047:
Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach
5956:"Beyond Name and Logo: Other Elements of Your Brand"
5752:
Success Factors in Establishing Your Brand Retrieved
4858:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 131.
4133:. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster. 1983.
3683:- owner of the brand allowing someone else to use it
1593:
contact with the brand and is termed the consumer's
1419:. Soap manufacturers sponsored many of the earliest
1251:
as having the world's oldest branding and packaging.
7094:"Muji brand strategy, Muji branding, no-name brand"
6837:Riezebos, Rik; Grinten, Jaap van der (2012-03-15).
6380:. MerriamAssociates.com. 2012-11-15. Archived from
5901:
4850:McQuarrie, Edward F.; Phillips, Barbara J. (2016).
4137:
3987:"'Mark them with my Mark': Human Branding in Egypt"
2484:converting simple awareness to strong commitment.
1519:choices. A brand name is not to be confused with a
989:Scholarly studies have found evidence of branding,
7355:
7353:
7259:"The Role of Brand in the Nonprofit Sector (SSIR)"
7046:Un-Sell To Seduce... and be thanked with a premium
6557:
6472:Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research
6358:. London, England: Economist Group. April 26, 2007
6303:. London. England: Economist Group. August 3, 2009
5981:
5740:. 3rd Asia-Pacific ed., Cengage, 2018, pp. 295–97.
5418:. London: Routledge (published 2015). p. 19.
5410:Franzen, Giep; Moriarty, Sandra E. (2015-02-12) .
4513:Hartley, B. R. (2011). "Gaulish Potters' Stamps".
2845:There is a difference between brand extension and
1863:has trademarked the upward motion of its car doors
1819:logo: the visual trademark that identifies a brand
1113:Mosaic showing garum container, from the house of
907:In pre-literate society, the distinctive shape of
7388:"Joe Chemo: A Camel Who Wishes He'd Never Smoked"
7081:How Premium Brands Grow Without Losing Their Glow
7021:
6992:
6107:
4849:
4651:
4628:
3771:- similar concept in the music recording industry
3521:
3351:In Australia, for example, the department store,
2970:to go head-to-head against the low-cost carrier,
2696:
8541:
7142:
6044:
5835:, 9th ed., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2012
5097:, Queen Mary University, London, 18 August 2008.
4389:
4387:
4223:
4221:
4194:
4192:
4190:
3887:endorses this definition as part of its ongoing
3250:
2081:Brand names come in many styles. A few include:
7350:
6988:
6986:
6959:"Brands Versus Private Labels: Fighting to Win"
6836:
6110:International Journal of Information Management
5463:Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing
5409:
3942:
3885:Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB)
3629:Brand evaluation - Principles and fundamentals
3088:, the luxury vehicle division of premium cars.
2138:: names that can evoke a vivid image, such as "
7505:International Organization for Standardization
7475:International Organization for Standardization
7340:"Airbnb says its new logo belongs to everyone"
7022:Schaefer, Wolf; Kuehlwein, J. (26 June 2016).
6932:Cruz, Angela; Ruiz, Carlos Diaz (2023-08-07).
6713:"Brand Architecture: Strategic Considerations"
6239:International Journal of Research in Marketing
5874:
5355:. 3rd Asia-Pacific ed., Cengage, 2018, p. 296.
5294:Aaker, J., "Dimensions of Brand Personality",
4122:
4120:
3847:"Brand | Common Language Marketing Dictionary"
3600:branding standards developed by the Committee
1245:, first sold in London in 1885. Recognised by
7541:
7061:. Marketing Review St.Gallen. pp.64ff. 1/2016
6956:
6890:
6840:Positioning the Brand: An Inside-Out Approach
5804:
4764:The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found
4586:
4384:
4265:. Florence, Italy: Firenze University Press.
4218:
4201:"The Hot History & Cold Future of Brands"
4187:
4163:
3104:labeled as attitude branding include that of
2204:: naming for regions and landmarks, such as "
1470:
701:
484:
37:"Marque" redirects here. For other uses, see
7410:
6983:
6795:it doesn't communicate what you do anymore.'
6488:
5709:
5540:
5460:Swayne, Linda E.; Dodds, Mark (2011-08-08).
5164:The Routledge Companion to Marketing History
5147:The Routledge Companion to Marketing History
4697:The Routledge Companion to Marketing History
4430:The Routledge Companion to Marketing History
3923:"Brand Common Language Marketing Dictionary"
3715:- similar concept in the publishing industry
3547:
3541:
2977:
1619:. Brand orientation develops in response to
7178:Private Labels in Designer Sheep's Clothing
6957:Quelch, John; Harding, David (1996-01-01).
6596:, 4th edition, p. 16, accessed 25 June 2023
5710:Kotler, Philip; Keller, Kevin Lane (2012).
5459:
4629:Eckhardt, Giana; Bengtsson, Anders (2008).
4564:, Manchester University Press, 1952, p. 70.
4503:, Manchester University Press, 1952, p. 70.
4117:
3186:logos to maintain brand identity in Israel.
2556:) or a range of subsidiary brands (such as
2504:
1530:
7548:
7534:
3591:
3035:
2913:which offers cough and cold products, and
2224:; or from the minds of ad execs, such as "
1056:to 500 BCE), is the herbal paste known as
865:is a management technique that ascribes a
708:
694:
491:
477:
6908:
6688:"Accenture-Fjord-Trends-2021-Full-Report"
6620:
6515:
5663:
5661:
5543:Journal of Product & Brand Management
5201:
5199:
4900:
4441:Maran, J. and Stockhammer, P. W. (eds.).
4393:
4245:
4227:
4198:
4130:Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary
4035:Journal of Product & Brand Management
4032:
3441:
2891:
2734:
2028:Relationship between trademarks and brand
2014:
6931:
6775:
6621:Smilovitz, Shayna (September 11, 2018).
6422:
5844:
5324:
5278:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 109–125.
5063:
4929:
3449:
3167:The color, letter font and style of the
3162:
2608:investigative-report broadcast cast the
2458:
2454:
2377:
2346:(Brand Standard Identification Number).
2023:
1866:
1488:
1340:
1267:, from local communities to centralized
1236:
1196:
1152:
1108:
1077:
1032:
980:
902:
54:
43:
6646:
6462:
6321:
6235:
6185:
5015:"Golden celebration for 'oldest brand'"
5012:
4802:
4800:
4775:
4512:
4355:
4199:Khan, Saif Ullah; Mufti, Owais (2007).
3957:
3783:- concept of using placenames as brands
3487:
2884:partnered with the skateboarding brand
2871:
2256:" ("communications" and "broadcast"), "
2076:
1845:scents: the rose-jasmine-musk scent of
1498:is a brand name, while the distinctive
14:
8542:
7555:
7305:
6993:Schaefer, Wolf; Kuehlwein, JP (2015).
6806:
6784:. Vol. 23, no. 9. p. 79
6134:
5953:
5774:
5705:
5703:
5667:
5658:
5383:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5196:
5175:
4806:
4635:European Advances in Consumer Research
4587:Benson, P. L.; Gilmore, R. S. (2004).
4260:
4081:
3297:
3290:market with the slogan (and sticker) "
2631:
2602:in 1991 at a time when publicity in a
2592:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
2521:
2240:", "Wok on Water" or "Eggs Eggscetera"
1875:
1423:series, and the genre became known as
7529:
6863:
6686:Fjord, Accenture (January 12, 2021).
6685:
6594:Logistics and Supply Chain Management
6516:Chaudhuri, Arjun (14 February 2002).
6447:
6200:
6078:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6040:
6038:
6026:
6022:
6020:
6007:Iranian Journal of Management Studies
5979:
5870:
5868:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5602:
5567:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5205:
5069:A history of the world in six glasses
5040:"History of the Twinings Tea Company"
4852:"Rhetorical evolution of brand marks"
4480:
4320:
4285:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
3984:
2463:The visual brand identity manual for
2252:" ("microcomputer" and "software"), "
2154:: completely made-up words, such as "
7148:
6776:Prencipe, Loretta W. (26 Feb 2001).
6715:. Merriam Associates. Archived from
5958:. Merriam Associates. Archived from
5954:Pearce, Robert (September 2, 2011).
4966:. The Silver Society. Archived from
4797:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3889:Common Language in Marketing Project
3430:
3419:
3387:Individual and organizational brands
2909:which offers inter-dental products,
2681:
2541:. Decisions about company names and
2469:Chermayeff & Geismar & Haviv
2418:
2090:: a name made of initials, such as "
2069:techniques is distinct to valuing a
2041:in relation to a brand name through
1910:. Five key components comprise IMC:
1833:Tiffany & Co.'s robin's egg blue
1730:
1580:
1282:Factories established following the
1037:Copper printing-plate including the
1010:, Tetturo of Lezoux and Cinnamus of
27:Identification for a good or service
6452:. New York: Free Press. p. 68.
6031:. New York City: McGraw Hill Irwin.
5980:Klara, Robert (22 September 2014).
5777:integrated marketing communications
5700:
5315:, Vol. 26 No. 3, 2009, pp. 175–184.
5281:
5108:The Rise and Fall of Mass Marketing
5013:Hibbert, Colette (1 October 2008).
4936:. Harvard University. pp. 1–3.
3991:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
3805:- technical term in brand designing
3508:Intellectual property infringements
3496:
3092:Attitude branding and iconic brands
2220:: taking names from myths, such as
1904:Integrated marketing communications
1886:Integrated marketing communications
1842:'s chimes provide a famous example.
759:, who are known to have engaged in
24:
7057:Kuehlwein, JP and Schaefer, Wolf.
6864:Crane, Frederick G. (2012-09-12).
6067:
6035:
6017:
5994:from the original on Mar 14, 2023.
5865:
5831:Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A.,
5793:
5759:
5480:
5358:
5153:, Clarendon Press, 1996, pp 20–21
4062:
2951:
2782:Brand extension and brand dilution
2510:for the company behind the brand.
1641:
1216:issued by the British government.
826:, brand communication (such as by
25:
8591:
7134:. 22 January 2013. Archived from
7096:. VentureRepublic. Archived from
6741:Handbook of Marketing and Finance
6201:McKee, Steve (October 13, 2014).
5325:Campbell, Colin L. (2015-06-03).
5136:, London, Kogan-Page, 2005, p. 3.
4551:, English Heritage, 2013, p. 433.
4017:
3907:Fahy, John; David Jobber (2015).
3822:
3309:
3270:
3259:simplicity. Examples include the
3155:(President, CEO, and Chairman of
2357:
1807:
1762:), which it used in the logo for
1014:) have been found as far away as
744:are sometimes distinguished from
7493:
7463:
7434:
7404:
7380:
7332:
7299:
7283:"AIESEC BLUE BOOK Brand Toolkit"
7275:
7251:
7206:
7188:
7171:
7132:"The 'no brand' brand – EMEASEE"
7124:
7111:
7086:
7073:
7064:
7051:
7038:
7015:
6950:
6925:
6884:
6857:
6830:
6800:
6769:
6731:
6704:
6700:from the original on 2020-12-16.
6679:
6640:
6614:
6610:. Pearson Education. p. 48.
6605:
6599:
6586:
6551:
6509:
6491:Color Research & Application
6482:
6456:
6441:
6395:
6370:
6350:"Sensory branding Sound effects"
6342:
6315:
6287:
6258:
5936:from the original on May 9, 2013
5071:. New York: Walker. p. 202.
4575:Journal of Roman Pottery Studies
3286:, which positions itself in the
2762:subbranding can be seen through
2616:brands in a negative light, and
2422:
2264:" ("voice", "data", "telephone")
2061:. Putting a value on a brand by
1030:silver dating from this period.
8192:Party platforms (or manifestos)
7511:from the original on 2020-09-28
7481:from the original on 2018-12-15
7306:Tadena, Nathalie (2014-07-15).
6710:
6194:
6179:
6137:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
6128:
6122:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.04.007
6101:
5998:
5973:
5947:
5922:
5895:
5838:
5825:
5743:
5730:
5631:
5596:
5561:
5534:
5521:
5453:
5416:The Science and Art of Branding
5402:
5388:. Pearson Education Australia.
5345:
5318:
5305:
5268:
5249:
5229:
5169:
5156:
5139:
5126:
5113:
5100:
5087:
5075:
5057:
5032:
5006:
4984:
4953:
4940:
4923:
4894:
4891:, Clarendon Press, 1996, p. 21.
4881:
4843:
4809:American Journal of Archaeology
4769:
4756:
4745:from the original on 2017-08-24
4727:
4702:
4689:
4680:
4645:
4622:
4613:
4580:
4567:
4554:
4541:
4506:
4493:
4474:
4461:
4448:
4435:
4422:
4349:
4314:
4279:
4254:
4053:
3735:List of defunct consumer brands
2846:
2588:International Business Machines
2532:
2487:
1769:
656:
7070:Schaefer and Kuehlwein, pg.174
6897:International Marketing Review
6657:American Marketing Association
6324:Journal of Consumer Psychology
6252:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.11.001
5930:"Brand Recognition Definition"
5531:, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2003 p. 151.
5507:10.1080/00913367.2005.10639213
4930:Dodd, E. C.; Kent, J. (1961).
4739:archeobologna.beniculturali.it
4208:Journal of Managerial Sciences
4095:American Marketing Association
3978:
3951:
3936:
3915:
3900:
3871:American Marketing Association
3864:
3839:
3816:
3522:Doppelgänger brand image (DBI)
2752:
2697:Multiproduct branding strategy
2478:
2414:
1182:on paper in the 13th century.
13:
1:
7442:"FUH2 | Fuck You And Your H2"
7083:. www.ueberbrands.com 02/2013
7048:. www.ueberbrands.com 12/2015
6083:(8th ed.). Mason, Ohio:
5889:10.1016/S0148-2963(98)00070-8
5652:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.031
5605:Journal of Marketing Research
5570:Journal of Marketing Research
5313:Journal of Consumer Marketing
5300:Journal of Marketing Research
5296:Journal of Marketing Research
5123:, vol. 31, 2005, pp. 868–882.
5106:Tedlow, R. A. and Jones, G.,
5082:"Oldest branding (packaging)"
4961:"Hallmarks on British Silver"
4776:Johnson, Ken (5 March 2015).
3810:
2598:re-branded its activities as
2501:according to Kenneth E Clow.
2342:created in December 2013 the
2311:
2019:
1346:
1126:
1050:
913:Archaeological Museum of Dion
8280:Rally 'round the flag effect
5877:Journal of Business Research
5845:Kapferer, Jean-Noël (1994).
5640:Journal of Business Research
5239:, 1st ed., BDD Books; 1991,
5121:Journal of Consumer Research
4471:, Longman, 1982, pp. 121–25.
4228:Starcevic, Sladjana (2015).
3883:. Retrieved 2011-06-29. The
3740:List of most valuable brands
3731:- a classification of brands
3709:- a classification of brands
2596:Werner Erhard and Associates
2514:diffusion of an innovation.
2332:of popular brands. See also
1115:Umbricius Scaurus of Pompeii
1106:appearing most prominently.
872:
7:
7411:Thia Shi Min (4 Sep 2013).
6778:"Changing the company name"
6537:10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540100
6525:Journal of Brand Management
6188:Computers in Human Behavior
5529:Journal of Brand Management
4596:Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
4577:, vol. 16, 2016, pp. 77–92.
3652:
2618:Union Carbide India Limited
2260:" ("forever" and "note"), "
1454:
1395:in the early 20th century,
888:, meaning "torch", from an
10:
8596:
6463:Farhana, Mosarrat (2014).
6336:10.1016/j.jcps.2011.09.005
6149:10.1016/j.conb.2004.03.015
6079:Shimp, Terence A. (2009).
5904:Psychology & Marketing
5412:"1: The Brand as a System"
5302:, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 45–57
3574:Pepsi logo as an obese man
3525:
3500:
3470:
3434:
3423:
3313:
3274:
3182:were copied into matching
2981:
2955:
2785:
2738:
2685:
2635:
2624:in 1994 subsequent to the
2525:
2304:, for example, has become
1879:
1774:Unlike brand recognition,
1645:
1474:
1471:Brand names and trademarks
1299:, where the consumers buy
1096:Carbonized loaves of bread
898:
415:Promotional representative
36:
29:
8474:
8419:
8351:
8293:
8225:
8142:
8059:
8011:
7901:
7812:
7739:
7629:
7621:Manipulation (psychology)
7563:
7374:10.1509/jmkg.2006.70.1.50
7028:Journal of Brand Strategy
5775:Chitty, Williams (2005).
5668:Brakus, J. Josko (2009).
5555:10.1108/10610421011033467
5262:December 6, 2006, at the
5182:. BoD – Books on Demand.
5084:. Guinness World Records.
4710:"Latin Words and Phrases"
4654:Journal of Macromarketing
4527:10.1017/S0003581500062922
4445:, Oxford, UK, Oxbow, 2012
4408:10.1080/00076790802106299
4323:Journal of Macromarketing
4288:Journal of Macromarketing
4176:Oxford English Dictionary
4047:10.1108/10610420810856468
4003:10.1177/03075133221130094
3379:stocks frame designed by
2978:Private branding strategy
2622:Eveready Industries India
2352:Open Knowledge Foundation
2340:Open Knowledge Foundation
2284:is a brand name that has
1467:, takes time to produce.
7799:Criticism of advertising
6910:10.1108/IMR-04-2022-0099
6655:(6). Chicago, Illinois:
6423:Neumeier, Marty (2004).
5807:Psychology and Marketing
5176:Burger, Michael (2012).
4666:10.1177/0276146709352219
4093:(1). Chicago, Illinois:
3962:. Dunedin, New Zealand:
3958:Wheeler, Harold (1946).
3943:Aaker, David A. (1991).
3909:Foundations of Marketing
3528:Doppelgänger brand image
3397:non-profit organizations
2582:bought and incorporated
2578:originated in 1986 when
2505:Expanding role of brands
2059:Kellogg's Frosted Flakes
1890:Marketing communications
1784:spontaneous brand recall
1687:Most companies aim for "
1531:Corporate brand identity
842:, and various branding (
8461:Promotional merchandise
8172:Character assassination
8109:Narcotizing dysfunction
7983:Photograph manipulation
7696:Guerrilla communication
6963:Harvard Business Review
6425:The Dictionary of Brand
6378:"MerriamAssociates.com"
6268:The Journal of Business
6049:. Hoboken, New Jersey:
5386:Principles of marketing
5384:Kotler, Philip (2009).
4948:Byzantine Silver Stamps
4933:Byzantine Silver Stamps
4515:The Antiquaries Journal
4335:10.1177/027467022001009
4300:10.1177/027467022001009
3799:- a marketing technique
3792:Product differentiation
3765:- a marketing technique
3677:- a marketing technique
3592:International Standards
3343:Designer Private Labels
3100:of the product at all.
3036:Mixed branding strategy
2829:to a restaurant guide,
1985:social networking sites
1699:unaided brand awareness
1417:television in the 1930s
1382:Philip Morris Companies
991:packaging, and labeling
848:product differentiation
410:Promotional merchandise
395:Out-of-home advertising
184:Account-based marketing
39:Marque (disambiguation)
8444:Product demonstrations
7873:Historical negationism
7346:on September 21, 2014.
6450:Building Strong Brands
6203:"Branding Made Simple"
5916:10.1002/mar.4220090402
5851:. Simon and Schuster.
5819:10.1002/mar.4220090402
5495:Journal of Advertising
3548:
3542:
3442:Crowd sourced branding
3187:
3161:
2892:Multibranding strategy
2825:to shoes and watches,
2741:Product line extension
2735:Product line extension
2586:; and the newly named
2472:
2384:
2308:with the word "copy".
2067:marketing mix modeling
2043:trademark registration
2029:
2015:Global brand variables
1882:Advertising management
1872:
1854:Kentucky Fried Chicken
1794:Marketing-mix modeling
1511:
1352:
1252:
1248:Guinness World Records
1219:Guinness World Records
1205:
1158:
1118:
1083:
1042:
986:
925:ancient Egyptian tombs
916:
219:Horizontal integration
67:
52:
32:Brand (disambiguation)
8376:Reputation management
8295:Psychological warfare
8144:Political campaigning
7953:Firehose of falsehood
7182:Sydney Morning Herald
6870:. SAGE Publications.
6448:Aaker, David (1996).
5686:10.1509/jmkg.73.3.052
4247:10.5937/markt1503179S
3945:Managing Brand Equity
3803:Visual brand language
3724:Global Brand Database
3471:Further information:
3450:Personalized branding
3401:Amnesty International
3314:Further information:
3275:Further information:
3166:
3148:
3042:Elizabeth Arden, Inc.
2837:to personal hygiene.
2774:and higher-end line,
2747:Campbell Soup Company
2526:Further information:
2462:
2455:Visual brand identity
2381:
2027:
1993:social-media campaign
1894:Promotion (marketing)
1880:Further information:
1870:
1713:aided brand awareness
1703:spontaneous awareness
1492:
1475:Further information:
1447:cultural anthropology
1365:James Walter Thompson
1344:
1284:Industrial Revolution
1240:
1200:
1156:
1112:
1081:
1036:
984:
938:Harappan civilization
906:
639:Visual brand language
405:Product demonstration
257:Corporate anniversary
58:
47:
8565:Communication design
8560:Branding terminology
8411:Corporate propaganda
7362:Journal of Marketing
7149:Pont, Simon (2013).
6649:Journal of Marketing
6560:Journal of Marketing
6027:Belch, G.E. (2012).
5738:Marketing Principles
5713:Marketing Management
5674:Journal of Marketing
5353:Marketing Principles
4358:Current Anthropology
4087:Journal of Marketing
3985:Karev, Ella (2022).
3713:Imprint (trade name)
3488:Destination branding
3405:Habitat for Humanity
3323:brands, also called
2903:Head & Shoulders
2899:Procter & Gamble
2872:Brand Collaborations
2863:Procter & Gamble
2077:Types of brand names
1780:unaided brand recall
1724:unique selling point
1361:advertising agencies
1355:By the early 1900s,
1192:silver-makers' marks
978:practices operated.
857:carefully to create
420:Visual merchandising
350:Behavioral targeting
224:Vertical integration
204:Influencer marketing
30:For other uses, see
8499:Media concentration
8371:Non-apology apology
8361:Cult of personality
8089:Emotive conjugation
7843:Burying of scholars
7312:Wall Street Journal
7237:Wall Street Journal
7153:. London, England:
7138:on 22 January 2013.
6997:. London, England:
6592:Martin, C. (2011),
6403:"Open Product Data"
5257:Newmediagroup.co.uk
4467:Peacock, D. C. S.,
3409:World Wildlife Fund
3367:has teamed up with
3333:Marks & Spencer
3298:Social media brands
3251:"No-brand" branding
3124:. In the 1999 book
2724:Church & Dwight
2638:Individual branding
2632:Individual branding
2522:Branding strategies
1970:customer experience
1876:Brand communication
1719:Strategic awareness
1621:market intelligence
1411:began to appear on
1308:Quaker Oats Company
1228:Lyle's Golden Syrup
967:ancient Mesopotamia
370:In-game advertising
360:Display advertising
236:Promotional content
8580:Product management
8482:Influence-for-hire
8275:National mythology
8245:Crowd manipulation
8134:Tabloid journalism
8003:Video manipulation
7948:Fictitious entries
7671:Civil disobedience
7557:Media manipulation
6665:10.1509/jm.10.0406
5237:Soap Opera History
5151:Trademark Dilution
4992:"IPO trade mark 1"
4904:(3 October 2011).
4889:Trademark Dilution
4783:The New York Times
4083:Keller, Kevin Lane
3960:The Miracle Of Man
3894:2019-04-05 at the
3879:2012-06-11 at the
3665:Brand architecture
3562:Examples include:
3188:
2600:Landmark Education
2554:Black & Decker
2539:brand architecture
2473:
2434:. You can help by
2385:
2324:, the subtypes of
2053:toilet tissue and
2039:proprietary rights
2030:
1873:
1740:aided brand recall
1681:aided brand recall
1673:spontaneous recall
1512:
1413:radio in the 1920s
1353:
1253:
1206:
1165:. In the European
1159:
1119:
1084:
1043:
987:
921:branding livestock
917:
761:livestock branding
453:Marketing research
390:Online advertising
380:Native advertising
375:Mobile advertising
327:Sex in advertising
144:Consumer behaviour
68:
53:
8575:Intangible assets
8537:
8536:
8303:Airborne leaflets
8182:Election promises
8036:Product placement
7911:Alternative facts
7651:Alternative media
7164:978-0-7494-6621-3
7008:978-0-7494-7003-6
6877:978-1-4522-8918-2
6850:978-1-136-62709-5
6751:978-1-84980-604-6
6606:Clow, Kenneth E.
6503:10.1002/col.20594
6434:978-1-884081-06-4
6407:Open Product Data
6211:. New York City:
6094:978-81-315-1652-2
6060:978-0-470-31992-5
5858:978-0-02-917045-8
5723:978-0-13-210292-6
5716:. Prentice Hall.
5473:978-1-4129-7382-3
5425:978-1-317-45467-0
5395:978-1-4425-0041-9
5338:978-3-319-18687-0
5255:Pierce, Mildred,
5235:Copeland, M. A.,
5222:978-0-676-97282-5
5189:978-3-8482-2850-8
5095:CGR Working Paper
4865:978-1-78536-542-3
4272:978-88-6453-636-1
3947:. The Free Press.
3753:Open-source brand
3437:Employer branding
3431:Employer branding
3426:Personal branding
3420:Personal branding
3361:Collette Dinnigan
3140:Ben & Jerry's
2682:Challenger brands
2452:
2451:
2238:Lord of the Fries
1736:Brand recognition
1731:Brand recognition
1709:Brand recognition
1677:brand recognition
1617:brand orientation
1586:Brand personality
1581:Brand personality
1500:Spencerian script
1435:consumer research
1391:With the rise of
1261:Industrialization
944:came into use in
859:shareholder value
807:'s stage names.
801:political parties
757:ancient Egyptians
718:
717:
624:Perceived quality
501:
500:
463:Consumer research
344:Promotional media
332:Underwriting spot
307:Product placement
287:On-hold messaging
277:Loyalty marketing
194:Product marketing
189:Digital marketing
16:(Redirected from
8587:
8550:Brand management
8529:Media proprietor
8353:Public relations
8333:Public diplomacy
8318:Information (IT)
8197:Name recognition
7822:Media regulation
7804:Annoyance factor
7661:Call-out culture
7576:Crowd psychology
7550:
7543:
7536:
7527:
7526:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7467:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7448:. Archived from
7438:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7419:. Archived from
7408:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7357:
7348:
7347:
7342:. Archived from
7336:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7288:. Archived from
7287:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7220:on Jan 18, 2015.
7210:
7204:
7203:
7202:on Sep 24, 2020.
7192:
7186:
7185:7 September 2014
7175:
7169:
7168:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7128:
7122:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7090:
7084:
7077:
7071:
7068:
7062:
7055:
7049:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7019:
7013:
7012:
6990:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6938:The Conversation
6929:
6923:
6922:
6912:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6834:
6828:
6827:
6821:
6819:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6791:
6789:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6708:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6692:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6603:
6597:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6522:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6469:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6420:
6411:
6410:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6233:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6085:Cengage Learning
6076:
6065:
6064:
6042:
6033:
6032:
6024:
6015:
6014:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5985:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5932:. Investopedia.
5926:
5920:
5919:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5872:
5863:
5862:
5842:
5836:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5802:
5791:
5790:
5772:
5757:
5747:
5741:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5707:
5698:
5697:
5665:
5656:
5655:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5538:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5489:
5478:
5477:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5433:
5432:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5381:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5322:
5316:
5309:
5303:
5292:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5253:
5247:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5173:
5167:
5160:
5154:
5143:
5137:
5130:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4965:
4957:
4951:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4898:
4892:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4804:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4773:
4767:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4716:. Archived from
4706:
4700:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4598:. Archived from
4584:
4578:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4552:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4510:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4478:
4472:
4465:
4459:
4452:
4446:
4439:
4433:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4396:Business History
4391:
4382:
4381:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4196:
4185:
4184:
4181:Internet Archive
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4079:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4030:
4015:
4014:
3997:(1–2): 191–203.
3982:
3976:
3975:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3849:. Archived from
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3823:Haigh, Richard.
3820:
3697:Brand protection
3692:Brand management
3670:Brand engagement
3660:Brand ambassador
3551:
3545:
3516:Brand protection
3510:, in particular
3503:Brand protection
3497:Brand protection
3365:Target Australia
3002:Ralcorp Holdings
2972:Virgin Australia
2800:, home textile,
2728:Arm & Hammer
2688:Challenger brand
2528:Brand management
2447:
2444:
2426:
2419:
2330:special editions
1926:Public relations
1923:Personal selling
1920:Direct marketing
1917:Sales promotions
1671:or occasionally
1613:brand management
1596:brand experience
1485:Trademark symbol
1386:Kraft Foods Inc.
1351:
1348:
1326:chewing gum and
1241:A tin of Lyle's
1131:
1128:
1055:
1052:
976:brand management
963:urban revolution
844:brand management
710:
703:
696:
507:Brand management
503:
502:
493:
486:
479:
458:Mystery shopping
355:Brand ambassador
292:Personal selling
282:Mobile marketing
262:Direct marketing
247:Ambush marketing
214:Annoyance factor
199:Social marketing
149:Consumer culture
129:Brand management
70:
69:
21:
18:Corporate design
8595:
8594:
8590:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8584:
8540:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8524:Media influence
8519:Media franchise
8504:Media democracy
8470:
8415:
8347:
8289:
8270:Loaded language
8221:
8138:
8055:
8007:
7897:
7826:
7808:
7735:
7676:Culture jamming
7625:
7559:
7554:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7499:
7498:
7494:
7484:
7482:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7455:
7453:
7440:
7439:
7435:
7426:
7424:
7409:
7405:
7396:
7394:
7386:
7385:
7381:
7358:
7351:
7338:
7337:
7333:
7324:
7322:
7304:
7300:
7292:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7276:
7267:
7265:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7243:
7241:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7194:
7193:
7189:
7176:
7172:
7165:
7147:
7143:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7116:
7112:
7103:
7101:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7079:Kuehlwein, JP.
7078:
7074:
7069:
7065:
7056:
7052:
7044:Kuehlwein, JP.
7043:
7039:
7020:
7016:
7009:
6991:
6984:
6975:
6973:
6955:
6951:
6942:
6940:
6930:
6926:
6889:
6885:
6878:
6862:
6858:
6851:
6835:
6831:
6817:
6815:
6810:(31 Aug 2009).
6805:
6801:
6787:
6785:
6774:
6770:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6736:
6732:
6722:
6720:
6719:on May 20, 2013
6709:
6705:
6697:
6690:
6684:
6680:
6645:
6641:
6631:
6629:
6619:
6615:
6604:
6600:
6591:
6587:
6572:10.2307/1251914
6556:
6552:
6520:
6514:
6510:
6487:
6483:
6467:
6461:
6457:
6446:
6442:
6435:
6421:
6414:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6387:
6385:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6359:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6320:
6316:
6306:
6304:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6263:
6259:
6234:
6227:
6217:
6215:
6213:Bloomberg, L.P.
6199:
6195:
6184:
6180:
6133:
6129:
6106:
6102:
6095:
6077:
6068:
6061:
6043:
6036:
6025:
6018:
6003:
5999:
5978:
5974:
5965:
5963:
5952:
5948:
5939:
5937:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5900:
5896:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5843:
5839:
5830:
5826:
5803:
5794:
5787:
5773:
5760:
5748:
5744:
5735:
5731:
5724:
5708:
5701:
5666:
5659:
5636:
5632:
5617:10.2307/3151914
5601:
5597:
5582:10.2307/3151897
5566:
5562:
5539:
5535:
5526:
5522:
5490:
5481:
5474:
5458:
5454:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5382:
5359:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5323:
5319:
5310:
5306:
5293:
5282:
5273:
5269:
5264:Wayback Machine
5254:
5250:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5174:
5170:
5161:
5157:
5144:
5140:
5131:
5127:
5118:
5114:
5105:
5101:
5092:
5088:
5080:
5076:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5021:
5011:
5007:
4997:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4945:
4941:
4928:
4924:
4914:
4912:
4902:Colapinto, John
4899:
4895:
4886:
4882:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4848:
4844:
4805:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4774:
4770:
4761:
4757:
4748:
4746:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4720:on 2017-08-24.
4708:
4707:
4703:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4650:
4646:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4605:
4603:
4585:
4581:
4572:
4568:
4559:
4555:
4546:
4542:
4511:
4507:
4498:
4494:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4462:
4453:
4449:
4440:
4436:
4427:
4423:
4392:
4385:
4354:
4350:
4319:
4315:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4259:
4255:
4226:
4219:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4155:
4153:
4150:Merriam-Webster
4143:
4142:
4138:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4103:10.2307/1252054
4080:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4031:
4018:
3983:
3979:
3956:
3952:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3905:
3901:
3896:Wayback Machine
3881:Wayback Machine
3869:
3865:
3856:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3827:. Brand Finance
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3775:Return on brand
3729:Lifestyle brand
3702:Brand valuation
3681:Brand licensing
3675:Brand extension
3655:
3594:
3546:('double') and
3530:
3524:
3505:
3499:
3490:
3478:Nation branding
3475:
3469:
3452:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3389:
3381:Peter Morrissey
3318:
3312:
3300:
3279:
3273:
3253:
3201:Harley-Davidson
3094:
3038:
2986:
2980:
2960:
2954:
2952:Fighting brands
2945:Cannibalization
2894:
2874:
2790:
2788:Brand extension
2784:
2776:Porsche Carrera
2772:Porsche Boxster
2755:
2743:
2737:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2640:
2634:
2626:Bhopal disaster
2569:Cadbury Fingers
2535:
2530:
2524:
2507:
2490:
2481:
2457:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2432:needs expansion
2417:
2360:
2334:brand extension
2314:
2217:personification
2180:Hewlett-Packard
2176:founders' names
2079:
2063:brand valuation
2022:
2017:
1987:(SNSs) such as
1896:
1878:
1810:
1802:brand valuation
1778:(also known as
1772:
1733:
1711:(also known as
1697:(also known as
1679:(also known as
1667:(also known as
1653:Brand awareness
1650:
1648:Brand awareness
1644:
1642:Brand awareness
1628:target audience
1583:
1533:
1487:
1473:
1457:
1349:
1316:Campbell's soup
1224:Tate & Lyle
1175:merchant guilds
1129:
1054: 1100 BCE
1053:
901:
875:
863:Brand valuation
836:brand awareness
714:
614:Differentiation
596:Verbal Identity
581:Lifestyle brand
497:
468:
467:
448:Market research
443:
435:
434:
345:
337:
336:
322:Sales promotion
237:
229:
228:
124:Brand licensing
94:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8593:
8583:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8570:Graphic design
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8484:
8478:
8476:
8472:
8471:
8469:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8425:
8423:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8401:Understatement
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8299:
8297:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8265:Indoctrination
8262:
8257:
8252:
8250:Disinformation
8247:
8242:
8237:
8231:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8212:Smear campaign
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8148:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8129:Sensationalism
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8069:Agenda-setting
8065:
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7943:False document
7940:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7848:Catch and kill
7845:
7840:
7835:
7829:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7745:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7681:Demonstrations
7678:
7673:
7668:
7666:Cancel culture
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7635:
7633:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7553:
7552:
7545:
7538:
7530:
7523:
7522:
7492:
7462:
7433:
7423:on Sep 7, 2013
7417:DesignTAXI.com
7403:
7379:
7349:
7331:
7298:
7295:on 2017-06-25.
7274:
7250:
7223:
7205:
7187:
7170:
7163:
7141:
7123:
7121:, 2006. pg.216
7110:
7085:
7072:
7063:
7050:
7037:
7014:
7007:
7001:. p. 17.
6982:
6949:
6924:
6883:
6876:
6856:
6849:
6829:
6799:
6768:
6750:
6730:
6703:
6678:
6639:
6613:
6598:
6585:
6550:
6508:
6481:
6455:
6440:
6433:
6412:
6394:
6369:
6341:
6314:
6286:
6281:10.1086/296297
6257:
6225:
6208:Bloomberg News
6193:
6178:
6143:(2): 198–202.
6127:
6100:
6093:
6066:
6059:
6034:
6016:
5997:
5972:
5946:
5921:
5910:(4): 263–274.
5894:
5864:
5857:
5837:
5824:
5792:
5785:
5758:
5742:
5729:
5722:
5699:
5657:
5630:
5595:
5576:(3): 347–356.
5560:
5533:
5520:
5479:
5472:
5452:
5442:Brand identity
5438:brand identity
5424:
5401:
5394:
5357:
5344:
5337:
5317:
5304:
5280:
5267:
5248:
5228:
5221:
5195:
5188:
5168:
5155:
5138:
5125:
5112:
5099:
5086:
5074:
5056:
5031:
5005:
4983:
4952:
4939:
4922:
4910:The New Yorker
4906:"Famous Names"
4893:
4880:
4864:
4842:
4821:10.2307/504744
4815:(4): 557–566.
4796:
4768:
4755:
4726:
4701:
4688:
4679:
4644:
4621:
4612:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4540:
4505:
4492:
4473:
4460:
4447:
4434:
4421:
4383:
4370:10.1086/523676
4348:
4313:
4278:
4271:
4253:
4240:(3): 179–196.
4217:
4186:
4162:
4136:
4116:
4061:
4059:ranchhod, 2004
4052:
4016:
3977:
3966:. p. 84.
3964:Longacre Press
3950:
3935:
3914:
3911:. McGraw-Hill.
3899:
3863:
3838:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3797:Umbrella brand
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3619:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3572:Parody of the
3570:
3526:Main article:
3523:
3520:
3512:counterfeiting
3501:Main article:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3482:place branding
3473:Place branding
3468:
3465:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3435:Main article:
3432:
3429:
3424:Main article:
3421:
3418:
3388:
3385:
3369:Dannii Minogue
3311:
3310:Private labels
3308:
3299:
3296:
3277:Derived demand
3272:
3271:Derived brands
3269:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3173:Diet Coca-Cola
3153:Howard Schultz
3093:
3090:
3037:
3034:
2982:Main article:
2979:
2976:
2956:Main article:
2953:
2950:
2893:
2890:
2873:
2870:
2810:Kimberly-Clark
2786:Main article:
2783:
2780:
2759:umbrella brand
2754:
2751:
2739:Main article:
2736:
2733:
2698:
2695:
2686:Main article:
2683:
2680:
2636:Main article:
2633:
2630:
2534:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2506:
2503:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2467:(developed by
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2429:
2427:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2359:
2358:Brand identity
2356:
2320:chocolates by
2313:
2310:
2278:designer jeans
2266:
2265:
2241:
2229:
2213:
2199:
2173:
2163:
2147:
2133:
2130:Dunkin' Donuts
2126:Reese's Pieces
2113:
2099:
2078:
2075:
2055:Tony the Tiger
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
1977:business world
1954:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1877:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1849:is trademarked
1843:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1809:
1808:Brand elements
1806:
1798:value creation
1771:
1768:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1706:
1692:
1669:unaided recall
1646:Main article:
1643:
1640:
1582:
1579:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1532:
1529:
1504:contour bottle
1477:Product naming
1472:
1469:
1456:
1453:
1359:publications,
1332:Ben's Original
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1125:) in Pompeii,
1092:titulus pictus
1072:printing plate
1020:Hadrian's Wall
999:ancient Greece
942:cylinder seals
900:
897:
883:Middle English
874:
871:
867:monetary value
824:product design
716:
715:
713:
712:
705:
698:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
651:
650:
644:
643:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
608:
607:
601:
600:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
550:
549:
543:
542:
541:
540:
535:
533:Implementation
530:
525:
517:
516:
510:
509:
499:
498:
496:
495:
488:
481:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
365:Drip marketing
362:
357:
352:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
139:Communications
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
77:
76:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8592:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8509:Media ecology
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8493:
8492:United States
8490:
8489:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8467:
8466:Telemarketing
8464:
8462:
8459:
8455:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8296:
8292:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8255:Fearmongering
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8232:
8230:
8228:
8224:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8145:
8141:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8094:False balance
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8058:
8052:
8051:Word of mouth
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8014:
8010:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7838:Broadcast law
7836:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7738:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7686:Deplatforming
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7591:False balance
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7551:
7546:
7544:
7539:
7537:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7466:
7452:on 2016-03-19
7451:
7447:
7443:
7437:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7407:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7356:
7354:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7302:
7291:
7284:
7278:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7227:
7219:
7215:
7209:
7201:
7197:
7191:
7184:
7183:
7179:
7174:
7166:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7145:
7137:
7133:
7127:
7120:
7114:
7100:on 2013-03-09
7099:
7095:
7089:
7082:
7076:
7067:
7060:
7054:
7047:
7041:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7018:
7010:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6989:
6987:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6953:
6939:
6935:
6928:
6920:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6887:
6879:
6873:
6869:
6868:
6860:
6852:
6846:
6843:. Routledge.
6842:
6841:
6833:
6826:
6814:. Boing Boing
6813:
6809:
6803:
6796:
6783:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6742:
6734:
6718:
6714:
6707:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6643:
6628:
6624:
6617:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6589:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6554:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6485:
6477:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6451:
6444:
6436:
6430:
6426:
6419:
6417:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6384:on 2009-08-22
6383:
6379:
6373:
6357:
6356:
6355:The Economist
6351:
6345:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6318:
6302:
6301:
6300:The Economist
6296:
6290:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6269:
6261:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6232:
6230:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6197:
6189:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6131:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6104:
6096:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6062:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6041:
6039:
6030:
6023:
6021:
6012:
6008:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5976:
5962:on 2013-05-20
5961:
5957:
5950:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5898:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5869:
5860:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5841:
5834:
5828:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5788:
5786:0-17-012008-2
5782:
5778:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5756:26 July 2011.
5755:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5733:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5704:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5662:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5524:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5475:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5456:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5427:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5405:
5397:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5354:
5348:
5340:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5321:
5314:
5308:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5245:0-7924-5451-0
5242:
5238:
5232:
5224:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5191:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5172:
5165:
5159:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5135:
5129:
5122:
5116:
5109:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5083:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5065:Standage, Tom
5060:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5020:
5016:
5009:
4993:
4987:
4973:on 2018-07-28
4969:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4934:
4926:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4890:
4887:Martino, T.,
4884:
4877:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4801:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4759:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4698:
4692:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4648:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4616:
4602:on 2016-12-13
4601:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4563:
4557:
4550:
4547:Wilmott, T.,
4544:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4496:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4444:
4438:
4431:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4388:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4224:
4222:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4132:
4131:
4123:
4121:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4056:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3939:
3925:. 24 May 2018
3924:
3918:
3910:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3853:on 2019-09-24
3852:
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3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Brand loyalty
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3647:
3646:ISO/AWI 24051
3644:
3641:
3640:ISO/AWI 23353
3638:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3582:
3581:FUH2 campaign
3578:
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3349:
3345:
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3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3321:Private label
3317:
3316:Private label
3307:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:generic brand
3245:
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3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
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3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
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3158:
3154:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:The Body Shop
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
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3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2958:Fighter brand
2949:
2946:
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2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
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2908:
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2900:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:Louis Vuitton
2879:
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2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2614:Werner Erhard
2611:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:Cadbury Flake
2562:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:Mercedes-Benz
2546:
2544:
2543:product names
2540:
2529:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2485:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2446:
2443:February 2023
2437:
2433:
2430:This section
2428:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2380:
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2372:
2368:
2365:
2355:
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2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:Betty Crocker
2223:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1909:
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1895:
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1887:
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1497:
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1463:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:and in early
1414:
1410:
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1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
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1379:
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1371:
1366:
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1199:
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1189:
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1155:
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1144:
1141:
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1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
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1048:
1040:
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1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
983:
979:
977:
973:
968:
964:
960:
959:David Wengrow
955:
950:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
922:
914:
910:
905:
896:
894:
891:
887:
884:
880:
870:
868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
849:
845:
841:
840:brand loyalty
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:branding iron
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
711:
706:
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531:
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494:
489:
487:
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480:
475:
474:
472:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
439:
438:
431:
430:Word-of-mouth
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
400:Point of sale
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
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207:
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197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
159:Effectiveness
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
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112:
110:
107:
105:
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100:
97:
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81:
80:
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78:
75:
72:
71:
65:
62:
57:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
8514:Media ethics
8434:Door-to-door
8429:Cold calling
8406:Weasel words
8313:Fifth column
8207:Push polling
8157:Astroturfing
8119:Pseudo-event
8099:Infotainment
8074:Broadcasting
8020:
7993:Urban legend
7916:April Fools'
7789:Testimonials
7759:Infomercials
7586:Dumbing down
7513:. Retrieved
7504:
7495:
7483:. Retrieved
7474:
7465:
7454:. Retrieved
7450:the original
7445:
7436:
7425:. Retrieved
7421:the original
7416:
7406:
7395:. Retrieved
7392:joechemo.org
7391:
7382:
7365:
7361:
7344:the original
7334:
7323:. Retrieved
7311:
7301:
7290:the original
7277:
7266:. Retrieved
7262:
7253:
7242:. Retrieved
7240:. 2014-12-16
7235:
7226:
7218:the original
7208:
7200:the original
7190:
7180:
7173:
7150:
7144:
7136:the original
7126:
7118:
7113:
7102:. Retrieved
7098:the original
7088:
7075:
7066:
7053:
7040:
7031:
7027:
7017:
6994:
6974:. Retrieved
6962:
6952:
6941:. Retrieved
6937:
6927:
6900:
6896:
6886:
6866:
6859:
6839:
6832:
6823:
6816:. Retrieved
6808:Jardin, Xeni
6802:
6793:
6786:. Retrieved
6781:
6771:
6762:
6755:. Retrieved
6740:
6733:
6721:. Retrieved
6717:the original
6711:Roy, Nisha.
6706:
6681:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6630:. Retrieved
6626:
6616:
6607:
6601:
6588:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6531:(1): 33–58.
6528:
6524:
6511:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6475:
6471:
6458:
6449:
6443:
6424:
6406:
6397:
6386:. Retrieved
6382:the original
6372:
6360:. Retrieved
6353:
6344:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6305:. Retrieved
6298:
6289:
6272:
6266:
6260:
6243:
6237:
6206:
6196:
6190:(37): 18–25.
6187:
6181:
6140:
6136:
6130:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6080:
6046:
6028:
6013:(2): 153–78.
6010:
6006:
6000:
5987:
5975:
5964:. Retrieved
5960:the original
5949:
5938:. Retrieved
5924:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5880:
5876:
5847:
5840:
5832:
5827:
5810:
5806:
5776:
5751:
5745:
5737:
5732:
5712:
5680:(3): 52–68.
5677:
5673:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5611:(1): 45–57.
5608:
5604:
5598:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5528:
5523:
5498:
5494:
5462:
5455:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5435:
5429:. Retrieved
5415:
5404:
5385:
5352:
5347:
5331:. Springer.
5327:
5320:
5312:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5275:
5270:
5251:
5236:
5231:
5211:
5207:Klein, Naomi
5178:
5171:
5163:
5158:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5133:
5128:
5120:
5115:
5107:
5102:
5094:
5089:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5043:
5034:
5022:. Retrieved
5018:
5008:
4996:. Retrieved
4994:. Ipo.gov.uk
4986:
4975:. Retrieved
4968:the original
4955:
4947:
4946:Dodd, E. C.
4942:
4932:
4925:
4913:. Retrieved
4909:
4896:
4888:
4883:
4875:
4869:. Retrieved
4855:
4845:
4812:
4808:
4787:. Retrieved
4781:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4747:. Retrieved
4738:
4729:
4721:
4718:the original
4713:
4704:
4696:
4691:
4682:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4615:
4604:. Retrieved
4600:the original
4582:
4574:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4548:
4543:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4500:
4495:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4429:
4424:
4399:
4395:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4262:
4256:
4237:
4233:
4211:
4207:
4174:
4165:
4154:. Retrieved
4148:
4139:
4128:
4090:
4086:
4055:
4038:
4034:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3959:
3953:
3944:
3938:
3927:. Retrieved
3917:
3908:
3902:
3866:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:the original
3841:
3829:. Retrieved
3818:
3769:Record label
3744:
3707:Green brands
3634:
3628:
3621:
3615:
3608:
3595:
3586:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:('walker').
3539:
3537:activities.
3534:doppelgänger
3531:
3506:
3491:
3476:
3453:
3445:
3390:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3329:store brands
3319:
3303:
3301:
3292:Intel Inside
3280:
3254:
3222:
3205:
3189:
3149:
3125:
3095:
3039:
2991:
2987:
2961:
2943:
2935:
2895:
2875:
2867:
2844:
2791:
2756:
2744:
2700:
2691:
2641:
2603:
2573:
2571:in the UK).
2547:
2536:
2533:Company name
2516:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2491:
2488:Brand parity
2482:
2474:
2440:
2436:adding to it
2431:
2386:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2338:
2315:
2286:colloquially
2267:
2243:
2231:
2215:
2201:
2175:
2166:foreign word
2165:
2149:
2135:
2117:alliteration
2115:
2101:
2085:
2080:
2031:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1933:
1929:
1908:stakeholders
1897:
1847:Chanel No. 5
1811:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1776:brand recall
1775:
1773:
1770:Brand recall
1752:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1718:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1695:Brand recall
1694:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1665:brand recall
1664:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1632:
1625:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1493:
1458:
1451:
1431:
1424:
1390:
1374:brand equity
1354:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1281:
1254:
1246:
1243:Golden Syrup
1232:Twinings tea
1217:
1210:Bass Brewery
1207:
1202:Bass Brewery
1184:Blind stamps
1163:Roman Empire
1160:
1148:
1130: 35 CE
1120:
1088:ancient Rome
1085:
1068:White Rabbit
1067:
1061:
1058:chyawanprash
1047:Vedic period
1044:
1039:White Rabbit
1038:
995:Roman Empire
988:
972:proto-brands
971:
951:
918:
892:
885:
878:
876:
869:to a brand.
854:Brand equity
852:
809:
754:
750:store brands
741:
738:shareholders
721:
719:
648:Architecture
629:Relationship
251:
174:Segmentation
99:Distribution
93:Key concepts
8386:Sound bites
8366:Doublespeak
8217:Wedge issue
8177:Dog whistle
8152:Advertising
7978:Lying press
7963:Gaslighting
7741:Advertising
7716:Occupations
7606:Obfuscation
7596:Half-truths
6903:(7): 1–21.
6632:February 9,
6478:(1): 26–28.
6362:February 5,
6307:February 1,
6218:February 6,
5779:. Thomson.
5646:(8): 1179.
5446:brand image
5049:13 February
5024:27 November
4998:24 February
4762:Beard, M.,
4521:: 102–103.
4214:(1): 75–87.
3559:criticism.
3416:variables.
3357:David Jones
3132:Naomi Klein
3098:consumption
2984:Store brand
2878:co-branding
2859:Cherry Coke
2823:Caterpillar
2798:accessories
2753:Subbranding
2479:Brand trust
2415:Brand image
2322:Ferrero SpA
2270:pop culture
2245:portmanteau
2160:Häagen-Dazs
2106:Whole Foods
2102:descriptive
2047:Mr. Whipple
1962:touch point
1914:Advertising
1861:Lamborghini
1859:movements:
1788:touchpoints
1689:Top-of-Mind
1609:marketplace
1601:brand image
1575:personality
1552:personality
1508:trademarked
1421:radio drama
1378:Naomi Klein
1370:brand value
1357:trade press
1350: 1900
1328:Aunt Jemima
1324:Juicy Fruit
1312:Pears' soap
1293:personality
1222:recognizes
1167:Middle Ages
1100:Herculaneum
1098:, found at
934:Qin dynasty
890:Old English
742:Brand names
734:advertising
605:Positioning
267:Franchising
242:Advertising
209:Attribution
134:Co-creation
8544:Categories
8487:Media bias
8343:Subversion
8308:False flag
8285:Techniques
8227:Propaganda
8187:Lawn signs
8167:Canvassing
8061:News media
7817:Censorship
7749:Billboards
7701:Hacktivism
7691:Grassroots
7616:Persuasion
7456:2015-09-10
7427:2015-09-10
7397:2015-09-10
7325:2024-01-11
7268:2017-06-07
7244:2015-02-01
7155:Kogan Page
7119:Kogan Page
7104:2013-04-29
6999:Kogan Page
6976:2024-01-11
6943:2023-10-28
6388:2013-04-29
6295:"Branding"
6275:(3): 279.
6216:Retrieved
6116:(5): 592.
5966:2013-04-29
5940:2013-04-29
5813:(4): 263.
5549:(2): 114.
5431:2016-08-16
5132:Haig, M.,
4977:2017-12-31
4871:2018-07-08
4749:2017-09-05
4660:(3): 210.
4606:2017-09-05
4402:(4): 419.
4329:: 98–108.
4156:2023-10-04
3972:B000YGPD0C
3929:2020-04-30
3874:Dictionary
3857:2019-09-24
3811:References
3787:Trade name
3763:Rebranding
3719:Legal name
3602:ISO/TC 289
3373:Alex Perry
3325:own brands
3018:RadioShack
2994:Woolworths
2802:home decor
2656:Beiersdorf
2605:60 Minutes
2561:Dairy Milk
2312:Brand line
2306:synonymous
2282:brandnomer
2274:table salt
2151:neologisms
2110:Toys R' Us
2087:initialism
2020:Brand name
1571:just do it
1558:attributes
1556:A brand's
1543:attributes
1516:identifies
1426:soap opera
1393:mass media
1384:purchased
1180:watermarks
832:trademarks
785:fish sauce
682:Brand Book
667:Individual
566:Engagement
556:Ambassador
538:Rebranding
425:Web banner
312:Propaganda
119:Activation
83:Management
49:Apple Inc.
8449:Promotion
8328:Political
8235:Bandwagon
8162:Attack ad
8041:Publicity
8013:Marketing
7926:Fake news
7888:Religious
7883:Political
7863:Euphemism
7858:Cover-ups
7853:Corporate
7721:Petitions
7611:Orwellian
7581:Deception
7515:27 August
7485:27 August
7368:: 50–64.
7320:0099-9660
6971:0017-8012
6919:0265-1335
6782:InfoWorld
6723:April 29,
6673:167319134
6659:: 55–68.
6627:Instapage
6566:(4): 28.
6545:167991246
6497:: 55–60.
6246:: 25–34.
6157:0959-4388
5694:220606294
5515:167332819
5501:(4): 69.
5408:Compare:
4915:9 October
4837:193011398
4674:154558621
4560:Fox, A.,
4535:162223277
4489:(3): 187.
4483:Marketing
4416:130123204
4378:145736919
4343:154514559
4308:154514559
4234:Marketing
4127:"brand".
4011:0307-5133
3831:18 August
3758:Promotion
3624:ISO 20671
3611:ISO 10668
3567:Joe Chemo
3457:Coca-Cola
3169:Coca-Cola
3157:Starbucks
3110:Starbucks
3102:Marketing
3070:Microsoft
3054:Del Monte
3050:Whirlpool
2927:Kellogg's
2919:Coca-Cola
2855:Diet Coke
2853:launched
2851:Coca-Cola
2704:Microsoft
2580:Burroughs
2494:Cranfield
2465:Mobil Oil
2326:Coca-Cola
2250:Microsoft
2210:Fuji Film
2202:geography
2136:evocative
2071:trademark
2065:or using
2035:trademark
1981:consumers
1949:process".
1525:Coca-Cola
1521:trademark
1495:Coca-Cola
1481:Trademark
1397:companies
1336:Kellogg's
1334:rice and
1320:Coca-Cola
1301:the brand
1269:factories
1214:trademark
1188:hallmarks
1028:Byzantine
1024:hallmarks
877:The word
873:Etymology
820:customers
812:marketing
793:financial
781:cosmetics
730:marketing
662:Corporate
634:Valuation
591:Tribalism
561:Community
523:Extension
385:New media
317:Publicity
169:Promotion
154:Dominance
74:Marketing
61:Coca-Cola
8396:Transfer
8338:Sedition
8202:Negative
8114:Newspeak
8104:Managing
8046:Research
8021:Branding
7973:Literary
7938:Fakelore
7931:websites
7921:Deepfake
7878:Internet
7769:Modeling
7726:Protests
7706:Internet
7639:Advocacy
7631:Activism
7509:Archived
7479:Archived
7446:fuh2.com
7263:ssir.org
6695:Archived
6330:: 7–17.
6173:13888599
6165:15082325
5992:Archived
5934:Archived
5883:: 5–15.
5466:. SAGE.
5260:Archived
5209:(1999).
5067:(2005).
5044:Twinings
5019:BBC News
4789:26 March
4743:Archived
4741:. 2008.
4499:Fox, A.
4364:: 7–34.
4097:: 1–22.
3892:Archived
3877:Archived
3749:- a book
3653:See also
3263:company
3261:Japanese
3074:Gillette
3062:Michelin
2939:Unilever
2827:Michelin
2764:Gatorade
2660:Unilever
2648:Kool-Aid
2644:Seven-Up
2628:of 1984
2402:profile.
2290:Band-Aid
2262:Vodafone
2258:Evernote
1852:tastes:
1563:benefits
1561:through
1546:benefits
1502:and the
1455:Concepts
1439:Chrysler
1297:branding
1289:identity
1171:heraldry
1003:Sophilos
954:amphorae
909:amphorae
726:business
677:Umbrella
672:Personal
576:Language
571:Identity
514:Strategy
442:Research
297:Premiums
252:Branding
179:Strategy
64:wordmark
8475:Related
8454:Spaving
8439:Pricing
8381:Slogans
8323:Lawfare
8260:Framing
8240:Big lie
8031:Product
8026:Loyalty
7958:Forgery
7903:Hoaxing
7784:Slogans
7764:Mobiles
7656:Boycott
7564:Context
6580:1251914
5625:3151914
5590:3151897
5212:No Logo
4714:2qk.net
4294:: 107.
4171:"brand"
4145:"brand"
4111:1252054
3781:Terroir
3746:No Logo
3626::2019'
3613::2010'
3335:in the
3180:English
3127:No Logo
3118:Safeway
3046:Walmart
3014:Walmart
3006:Rayovac
2968:Jetstar
2886:Supreme
2818:Huggies
2806:luggage
2794:fashion
2768:Porsche
2708:Samsung
2620:became
2558:Cadbury
2410:theirs.
2383:theirs.
2298:Kleenex
2254:Comcast
2051:Charmin
1989:Twitter
1726:or USP.
1636:generic
1409:jingles
1405:mascots
1401:Slogans
997:and in
899:History
816:company
797:medical
746:generic
586:Loyalty
547:Culture
114:Service
104:Pricing
8555:Brands
8079:Circus
7988:Racial
7318:
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3543:doppel
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3184:Hebrew
3144:Chanel
3078:Toyota
3076:, and
3056:, and
3030:Macy's
3026:Kroger
3010:Costco
3004:, and
2964:Qantas
2929:, and
2923:Nestlé
2907:Oral-B
2839:Dunlop
2831:Adidas
2720:Virgin
2714:, and
2674:, and
2664:Persil
2584:UNIVAC
2576:Unisys
2406:trust.
2318:Kinder
2222:"Nike"
2208:" or "
2194:" or "
2192:Stussy
2188:Disney
2158:" or "
2142:" or "
2140:Amazon
2128:" or "
2108:" or "
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1966:et al.
1900:equity
1892:, and
1764:go.com
1756:Disney
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1567:values
1549:values
1483:, and
1462:design
1407:, and
1275:their
1190:, and
1104:Ennion
1008:Lezoux
805:people
783:, and
765:cattle
732:, and
619:Equity
302:Prizes
164:Ethics
109:Retail
8421:Sales
8124:Scrum
8084:Cycle
7998:Virus
7868:Films
7833:Books
7774:Radio
7754:False
7731:Youth
7711:Media
7644:group
7601:Media
7293:(PDF)
7286:(PDF)
6825:1991.
6698:(PDF)
6691:(PDF)
6669:S2CID
6576:JSTOR
6541:S2CID
6521:(PDF)
6468:(PDF)
6169:S2CID
6051:Wiley
5690:S2CID
5621:JSTOR
5586:JSTOR
5511:S2CID
4971:(PDF)
4964:(PDF)
4833:S2CID
4825:JSTOR
4670:S2CID
4531:S2CID
4412:S2CID
4374:S2CID
4339:S2CID
4304:S2CID
4204:(PDF)
4107:JSTOR
3777:(ROB)
3604:are:
3377:Big W
3327:, or
3284:Intel
3193:Apple
3176:logos
3136:Apple
3122:Apple
3086:Lexus
3082:Sears
3066:Epson
3022:Sears
2998:Coles
2915:Downy
2911:Vicks
2814:Honda
2712:Apple
2662:owns
2654:Sun (
2652:Nivea
2650:, or
2567:, or
2364:wants
2328:, or
2302:Xerox
2296:, or
2294:Nylon
2233:punny
2206:Cisco
2170:Volvo
2144:Crest
2121:rhyme
1443:Exxon
1291:with
1273:brand
1257:goods
1123:garum
1063:rishi
1016:Essex
1012:Vichy
930:Seals
893:brand
886:brand
879:brand
828:logos
789:legal
722:brand
528:Image
272:Label
8391:Spin
7968:List
7893:Self
7571:Bias
7517:2021
7487:2021
7316:ISSN
7159:ISBN
7003:ISBN
6967:ISSN
6915:ISSN
6872:ISBN
6845:ISBN
6820:2019
6790:2019
6759:2019
6746:ISBN
6725:2013
6634:2019
6429:ISBN
6364:2015
6309:2015
6220:2015
6161:PMID
6153:ISSN
6089:ISBN
6055:ISBN
5853:ISBN
5781:ISBN
5718:ISBN
5468:ISBN
5444:and
5420:ISBN
5390:ISBN
5333:ISBN
5241:ISBN
5217:ISBN
5184:ISBN
5051:2018
5026:2018
5000:2018
4917:2011
4860:ISBN
4791:2015
4267:ISBN
4007:ISSN
3968:ASIN
3833:2024
3596:The
3579:The
3411:and
3395:and
3393:NGOs
3353:Myer
3265:Muji
3199:and
3197:Nike
3171:and
3120:and
3106:Nike
3058:Dial
3024:and
2996:and
2931:Mars
2857:and
2847:line
2835:Puma
2833:and
2812:and
2766:and
2722:and
2716:Sony
2676:Lynx
2672:Surf
2612:and
2395:way.
2348:BSIN
2344:BSIN
2280:. A
2196:Mars
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2184:Dell
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2119:and
1942:etc.
1760:logo
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1465:team
1441:and
1372:and
1277:logo
1265:soap
1226:(of
1018:and
830:and
803:and
795:and
777:wine
657:Name
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7779:Sex
7370:doi
6905:doi
6661:doi
6568:doi
6533:doi
6499:doi
6332:doi
6277:doi
6248:doi
6145:doi
6118:doi
5912:doi
5885:doi
5815:doi
5682:doi
5648:doi
5613:doi
5578:doi
5551:doi
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4817:doi
4662:doi
4523:doi
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4331:doi
4296:doi
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3999:doi
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3598:ISO
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