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986:, people lived in a sky realm. One day, the chief's daughter was afflicted with a mysterious illness, and the only cure recommended for her (revealed in a dream) was to lie beside a tree and to have it be dug up. The people do so, but a man complains that the tree was their livelihood, and kicks the girl through the hole. She ends up falling from the sky to a world of only water, but is rescued by
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701:, and the process of emergence is likened to the act of giving birth. The role of midwife is usually played by a female deity, like the spider woman of several mythologies of Indigenous peoples in the Americas. Male characters rarely figure into these stories, and scholars often consider them in counterpoint to male-oriented creation myths, like those of the
1243:"In common usage the word 'myth' refers to narratives or beliefs that are untrue or merely fanciful; the stories that make up national or ethnic mythologies describe characters and events that common sense and experience tell us are impossible. Nevertheless, all cultures celebrate such myths and attribute to them various degrees of literal or symbolic
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Characteristic of many Native
American myths, earth-diver creation stories begin as beings and potential forms linger asleep or suspended in the primordial realm. The earth-diver is among the first of them to awaken and lay the necessary groundwork by building suitable lands where the coming creation
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In the second form of world parent myths, creation itself springs from dismembered parts of the body of the primeval being. Often, in these stories, the limbs, hair, blood, bones, or organs of the primeval being are somehow severed or sacrificed to transform into sky, earth, animal or plant life, and
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felt it was the only concept that the three religions shared. Nonetheless, the concept is not found in the entire Hebrew Bible. The authors of
Genesis 1 were concerned not with the origins of matter (the material which God formed into the habitable cosmos), but with assigning roles so that the cosmos
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How did everything begin? This is the first question faced by any creation myth and ... answering it remains tricky. ... Each beginning seems to presuppose an earlier beginning. ... Instead of meeting a single starting point, we encounter an infinity of them, each of which poses the same problem. ...
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Myth narrates a sacred history; it relates an event that took place in primordial Time, the fabled time of the "beginnings." In other words, myth tells how, through the deeds of
Supernatural Beings, a reality came into existence, be it the whole of reality, the Cosmos, or only a fragment of reality –
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recommends that they dig up the wild apple tree that stands next to the Lodge of the Mighty Ruler, because the remedy is to be found on its roots. However, as the tree has been dug out, the ground begins to sink away, and the treetops catch and carry down the sick daughter with it. As the girl falls
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In creation from chaos myths, there is nothing initially but a formless, shapeless expanse. In these stories the word "chaos" means "disorder", and this formless expanse, which is also sometimes called a void or an abyss, contains the material with which the created world will be made. Chaos may be
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A "philosophical and theological elaboration of the primal myth of creation within a religious community. The term myth here refers to the imaginative expression in narrative form of what is experienced or apprehended as basic reality ... The term creation refers to the beginning of things, whether
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There are two types of world parent myths, both describing a separation or splitting of a primeval entity, the world parent or parents. One form describes the primeval state as an eternal union of two parents, and the creation takes place when the two are pulled apart. The two parents are commonly
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from nascent forms through a series of subterranean worlds to arrive at their current place and form. Often the passage from one world or stage to the next is impelled by inner forces, a process of germination or gestation from earlier, embryonic forms. The genre is most commonly found in Native
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creation myths, the potential and the substance of creation springs from within the creator. Such a creator may or may not be existing in physical surroundings such as darkness or water, but does not create the world from them, whereas in creation from chaos the substance used for creation is
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The earth-diver is a common character in various traditional creation myths. In these stories a supreme being usually sends an animal (most often a type of bird, but also crustaceans, insects, and fish in some narratives) into the primal waters to find bits of sand or mud with which to build
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from the skies, two swans rescue her on their backs. The birds decide to summon all the
Swimmers and the Water Tribes. Many volunteer to dive into the Great Water to fetch bits of earth from the bottom of the sea, but only the toad (female, in the story) is the one successful.
624:) which is the good. The act of creation is the bringing of order from disorder, and in many of these cultures it is believed that at some point the forces preserving order and form will weaken and the world will once again be engulfed into the abyss. One example is the
170:"Creation myths tell us how things began. All cultures have creation myths; they are our primary myths, the first stage in what might be called the psychic life of the species. As cultures, we identify ourselves through the collective dreams we call creation myths, or
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A "symbolic narrative of the beginning of the world as understood in a particular tradition and community. Creation myths are of central importance for the valuation of the world, for the orientation of humans in the universe, and for the basic patterns of life and
1576:. Cora Agatucci. Central Oregon Community College. - " A mythology or belief system often concerns supernatural beings/powers of a culture, provides a rationale for a culture's religion and practices, and reflects how people relate to each other in everyday life. "
324:(which explain specific features in religious rites, natural phenomena, or cultural life). Creation myths also help to orient human beings in the world, giving them a sense of their place in the world and the regard that they must have for humans and nature.
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cultures in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and North
America. In most of these stories, the world is brought into being by the speech, dream, breath, or pure thought of a creator but creation ex nihilo may also take place through a creator's bodily secretions.
174:. ... Creation myths explain in metaphorical terms our sense of who we are in the context of the world, and in so doing they reveal our real priorities, as well as our real prejudices. Our images of creation say a great deal about who we are."
665:(usually female), who were so tightly bound to each other in the primeval state that no offspring could emerge. These myths often depict creation as the result of a sexual union and serve as genealogical record of the deities born from it.
844:
located the distribution of the motif across "all parts of North
America", save for "the extreme north, northeast, and southwest". In a 1977 study, anthropologist Victor Barnouw surmised that the earth-diver motif appeared in
669:
other worldly features. These myths tend to emphasize creative forces as animistic in nature rather than sexual, and depict the sacred as the elemental and integral component of the natural world. One example of this is the
68:
often refers to false or fanciful stories, members of cultures often ascribe varying degrees of truth to their creation myths. In the society in which it is told, a creation myth is usually regarded as conveying profound
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should function. In the early 2nd century CE, early
Christian scholars were beginning to see a tension between the idea of world-formation and the omnipotence of God, and by the beginning of the 3rd century creation
745:
American cultures where the myths frequently link the final emergence of people from a hole opening to the underworld to stories about their subsequent migrations and eventual settlement in their current homelands.
480:, a creation crafted by a deity, creation from the work of two creators working together or against each other, creation from sacrifice and creation from division/conjugation, accretion/conjunction, or secretion.
336:
There are no entirely satisfactory solutions to this dilemma. What we have to find is not a solution but some way of dealing with the mystery .... And we have to do so using words. The words we reach for, from
284:
writes: "The beings referred to in the myth – gods, animals, plants – are forms of power grasped existentially. The myths should not be understood as attempts to work out a rational explanation of deity."
1206:, "Creation myths are symbolic stories describing how the universe and its inhabitants came to be. Creation myths develop through oral traditions and therefore typically have multiple versions."
3106:
1645:
344:, are inadequate to the task. So we have to use language poetically or symbolically; and such language, whether used by a scientist, a poet, or a shaman, can easily be misunderstood.
292:, they do serve to define an orientation of humanity in the world in terms of a birth story. They provide the basis of a worldview that reaffirms and guides how people relate to
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described as having the consistency of vapor or water, dimensionless, and sometimes salty or muddy. These myths associate chaos with evil and oblivion, in contrast to "order" (
1128:
390:
have applied various schemes to classify creation myths found throughout human cultures. Eliade and his colleague
Charles Long developed a classification based on some common
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The most common Indian myth begins with a primeval water, out of which some animal brings up a few grains of sand or mud which a culture hero then develops into the world
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because they attempt to explain how the world formed and where humanity came from. Myths attempt to explain the unknown and sometimes teach a lesson.
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dives into the depths of the primal sea to get pieces of soil. The toad puts it on the turtle's back, which grows larger with every deposit of soil.
697:
In emergence myths, humanity emerges from another world into the one they currently inhabit. The previous world is often considered the womb of the
120:, human-like figures, or animals, who often speak and transform easily. They are often set in a dim and nonspecific past that historian of religion
2329:
A Treasury of
African Folklore: The Oral Literature, Traditions, Myths, Legends, Epics, Tales, Recollections, Wisdom, Sayings, and Humor of Africa
2940:
990:. A turtle offers to bear her on its shell, but asked where would be a definitive dwelling place for her. They decide to create land, and the
3310:
3173:
Weigle, Marta (1987). "Creation and
Procreation, Cosmogony and Childbirth: Reflections on Ex Nihilo Earth Diver, and Emergence Mythology".
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will be able to live. In many cases, these stories will describe a series of failed attempts to make land before the solution is found.
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or logical sense. Today, however, they are seen as symbolic narratives which must be understood in terms of their own cultural context.
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89:. They are commonly, although not always, considered cosmogonical myths – that is, they describe the ordering of the
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is "from nothing" but in many creation myths the line is blurred whether the creative act would be better classified as a creation
1996:
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Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie; Moore, Remedios W. (1957). "The Emergence Myth in Native North America". In W. Edson Richmond (ed.).
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gave birth to unity; unity gave birth to duality; duality gave birth to trinity; trinity gave birth to the myriad creatures." (
526:
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and have served important societal roles. Over 100 "distinct" ones have been discovered. All creation myths are in one sense
128:('at that time'). Creation myths address questions deeply meaningful to the society that shares them, revealing their central
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Emergence myths in which progenitors pass through a series of worlds and metamorphoses until reaching the present world.
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1564:. US History.org - Ancient Greece: "Myths were used to help explain the unknown and sometimes teach a lesson."
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and the Samoyed. In addition, the earth-diver motif also exists in narratives from Eastern Europe, namely
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Emergence myths commonly describe the creation of people and/or supernatural beings as a staged ascent or
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creation in which a diver, usually a bird or amphibian sent by a creator, plunges to the seabed through a
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by the will and act of a transcendent being, by emanation from some ultimate source, or in any other way."
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who study origin myths say that in the modern context theologians try to discern humanity's meaning from
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Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible
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For many they are not a literal account of events, but may be perceived as symbolic of a deeper truth.
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The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East
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in which the creation is through the thought, word, dream, or bodily secretions of a divine being.
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1619:. California World History Library. Vol. 2. University of California Press. pp. 17–18.
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20:
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The Myths of the New World: A Treatise on the Symbolism and Mythology of the Red Race of America
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1001:, the Wyandot lived in heaven. The daughter of the Big Chief (or Mighty Ruler) was sick, so the
960:
916:(namely, Bulgarian, Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), and Lithuanian mythological traditions.
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habitable land. Some scholars interpret these myths psychologically while others interpret them
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An alternative system based on six recurring narrative themes was designed by Raymond Van Over:
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of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. While in popular usage the term
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further developed and refined this typology to highlight nine themes, adding elements such as
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and the framework for the self-identity of the culture and individual in a universal context.
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321:
317:
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561:– is central today to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the medieval Jewish philosopher
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729:
3242:"Some Account of the Tangousians in general and the Transbaikal Tangousians in particular"
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is a small round hole in the floor that represents the portal through which the ancestors
8:
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that reappear in stories the world over. The classification identifies five basic types:
261:
78:
2999:. In Burrell, David B.; Cogliati, Carlo; Soskice, Janet M.; Stoeger, William R. (eds.).
2844:. In Burrell, David B.; Cogliati, Carlo; Soskice, Janet M.; Stoeger, William R. (eds.).
1997:
Gypsy Anecdotes From Hungary: II-How the Devil assisted God in the Creation of the World
1955:
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Among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the earth-diver cosmogony is attested in
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273:
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The pattern of distribution of these stories suggest they have a common origin in the
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Creation by the splitting or ordering of a primordial unity such as the cracking of a
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found well outside of this boreal distribution pattern, for example the West African
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464:
434:
265:
94:
70:
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an island, a species of plant, a particular kind of human behavior, an institution.
3427:
3182:
2913:
2902:"Mongol creation stories: man, Mongol tribes, the natural world and Mongol deities"
2074:(Earth-Diver Myth (А812) in northern Eurasia and North America: twenty years later)
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113:
109:
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Huron and Wyandot mythology, with an appendix containing earlier published records
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Booth, Anna Birgitta (1984). "Creation myths of the North American Indians". In
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Bohan, Elise; Dinwiddie, Robert; Challoner, Jack; Stuart, Colin; Harvey, Derek;
304:. A creation myth acts as a cornerstone for distinguishing primary reality from
260:, but creation myths define human reality in very different terms. In the past,
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Studies in Folklore, in Honor of Distinguished Service Professor Stith Thompson
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426:
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121:
765:. In both cases emphasis is placed on beginnings emanating from the depths.
3553:
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2573:
2293:
Bodde, Derk (1961). "Myths of Ancient China". In Samuel Noah Kramer (ed.).
2029:
1860:
Fabulous Creatures, Mythical Monsters, and Animal Power Symbols: A Handbook
1839:
1498:
1494:
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774:
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685:
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Life generating from the corpse or dismembered parts of an originator deity
471:
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297:
269:
237:
37:
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2164:". Education Department Bulletin. University of the State of New York: 33.
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19:"Creation Stories" redirects here. For the 2021 biopic of Alan McGee, see
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82:
1497:; Hubbard, Ben; Parker, Phillip; et al. (Writers) (February 2016).
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Signs & Symbols – An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings
494:
Originator deity which is awakened or an eternal entity within the abyss
320:
rather than through systematic reason. And in this sense they go beyond
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2012:
1945:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. pp. 59 (map 2), 57, 60.
1900:
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476:
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245:
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and therefore typically have multiple versions; found throughout human
100:
Creation myths often share several features. They often are considered
3194:
2533:
Religion, Myth, and Magic: The Anthropology of Religion-a Course Guide
963:: a female sky deity falls from the heavens, and certain animals, the
397:
29:
1924:
Reichard, Gladys A. "Literary Types and Dissemination of Myths". In:
987:
920:
870:
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762:
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129:
59:
52:
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Brother One Cell: An American Coming of Age in South Korea's Prisons
2917:
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3186:
2823:
Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way, by Lao Tzu
2192:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard university press, 1929. pp. 14-15, 278.
1031:
893:
834:
818:
790:
786:
581:
538:
405:
362:
105:
74:
204:
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2869:(English trans. of 1994 ed.). T&T Clarke International.
2160:; Parker, Arthur Caswell (Ga-wa-so-wa-neh) (December 15, 1908). "
1929:
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932:
924:
905:
822:
814:
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422:
301:
140:
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Lloyd, P. C. "Sacred Kingship and Government among the Yoruba".
1893:
Indian Tales of North America: An Anthology for the Adult Reader
450:
to bring up sand or mud which develops into a terrestrial world.
3277:
2242:(first revised ed.). HarperSanFrancisco. pp. 58, 65.
1848:. København: I kommission hos ejnar Munksgaard. pp. 12–36.
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and other students of myth thought of such stories as forms of
101:
90:
56:
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Kimball, Charles (2008). "Creation Myths and Sacred Stories".
2648:(Oxford Reference Online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1488:
1117:
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858:
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640:
309:
117:
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Anthropology and religion: what we know, think, and question
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2148:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard university press, 1929. p. 279.
2030:
Pasaulio kūrimo motyvai lietuvių pasakojamojoje tautosakoje
1574:
Culture, Religion, & Myth: Interdisciplinary Approaches
991:
972:
878:
713:
64:
732:. (The larger hole is a fire pit, here in a ruin from the
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from non-being. In this sense cosmogonic myths serve as a
2997:"Creatio ex nihilo: its Jewish and Christian foundations"
551:
331:
has summarised issues common to multiple creation myths:
213:
2506:
Honko, Lauri (1984). "The Problem of Defining Myth". In
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Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues
2205:. Ottawa, Government Printing Bureau. 1915. pp. 303-304.
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dive in the waters to fetch mud to construct an island.
923:
coastal region, spreading as peoples migrated west into
2883:
2019:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons LTD. 1928. pp. 120-123.
1895:. New York, USA: University of Texas Press. p. 3.
1406:
1356:
1185:
2640:
Leeming, David Adams; Leeming, Margaret Adams (2009).
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Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 1999
570:
had become a fundamental tenet of Christian theology.
3592:
3153:
1823:
1695:
1671:
2943:. In Hoffman, Yair; Reventlow, Henning Graf (eds.).
506:
Originator deity creating life through sound or word
456:
Creation by the dismemberment of a primordial being.
2282:
Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnography
2179:. New York: Leypoldt & Holt. 1868. pp. 197-198.
1683:
3080:
2899:
2687:
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2484:
2394:
162:Creation myth definitions from modern references:
2349:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions
1890:
652:, depicted holding each other in a tight embrace.
3616:
2513:Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth
2309:Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth
2162:Myths and Legends of the New York State Iroquois
2800:Creation Myths: Man's Introduction to the World
2256:
931:continent. However, there are examples of this
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2747:
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2482:
2129:
1741:
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1542:
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104:accounts and can be found in nearly all known
3304:
849:", mainly among northerly groups such as the
2900:Nassen-Bayer; Stuart, Kevin (October 1992).
2726:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2694:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2257:Bastian, Dawn E.; Mitchell, Judy K. (2004).
1616:Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History
1181:
1179:
1027:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
950:
3223:Symbols and Meaning: A Concise Introduction
2748:Leonard, Scott A; McClure, Michael (2004).
2437:
2401:. The New American Library-Meridian Books.
1537:
1331:
1329:
576:creation is found in creation stories from
3499:Creation and evolution in public education
3311:
3297:
3125:
2945:Creation in Jewish and Christian Tradition
2796:
2326:
2766:
2458:
2218:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1609:
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1269:
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316:– but one expressed and conveyed through
143:, they are the most common form of myth.
16:Symbolic narrative of how the world began
3517:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
3201:
3057:
2839:
2715:
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2572:
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1978:. Oxford University Press. 2001. p. 55.
1960:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
1879:
1546:
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1351:
1335:
1326:
1195:
1193:
707:
639:
525:
491:, an infinite expanse of waters or space
396:
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203:
150:
28:
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2723:The Oxford companion to world mythology
2690:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
2662:
2616:
2553:
2483:Giddens, Sandra; Giddens, Owen (2006).
2237:
2158:Converse, Harriet Maxwell (Ya-ie-wa-no)
1956:Images of Birds in Mordvinian Mythology
1845:Asiatic influences in American folklore
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888:Similar tales are also found among the
605:pre-existing within the unformed void.
497:Originator deity poised above the abyss
199:
3617:
3382:Allegorical interpretations of Genesis
3246:Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany
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2003:Vol II, No. 2. April, 1890. pp. 67-68.
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1158:: Cambridge University Press, p.
1151:The Pregnant Male as Myth and Metaphor
1147:
608:
592:The literal translation of the phrase
226:Creation myths have been around since
3292:
3024:. HarperOne HarperCollinsPublishers.
2975:
2752:(illustrated ed.). McGraw-Hill.
2505:
2301:
2292:
2259:Handbook of Native American Mythology
2053:
1418:
1318:
1190:
768:
288:While creation myths are not literal
155:Structure of the world, according to
3239:
2938:
2817:
2787:
2370:
2275:
2071:Diving Bird Myth after 20 years 2012
1838:
1829:
1812:
1689:
1585:
1476:
1401:
1366:
1260:
1220:. DK Publishing. 2008. p. 157.
3129:Creation stories of the Middle East
2862:
2842:"Creation ex nihilo: early history"
2773:. Vol. 1. Marshall Cavendish.
2284:. U.S. Government Printing Office:
2190:Tales of the North American Indians
2146:Tales of the North American Indians
1713:
785:, among the following populations:
13:
2968:Essays on the History of Religions
2598:; Leeming, Margaret Adams (1994).
2516:. University of California Press.
2312:. University of California Press.
2223:(illustrated ed.). OUP (US).
1943:Wisconsin Chippewa Myths and Tales
781:, Earth-diver myths are common in
308:reality, the origin and nature of
14:
3656:
3258:
2094:
1824:Wheeler-Voegelin & Moore 1957
904:traditions, as well as among the
348:
3602:
3577:
3576:
3276:
3264:
3058:Sweetman, James Windrow (2002).
2397:Patterns in comparative religion
2295:Mythologies of the Ancient World
2089:The Minneapolis institute of Art
1926:The Journal of American Folklore
1862:. Greenwood Press. 2008. p. 56.
555:created the world out of nothing
3318:
3132:. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
3001:Creation and the God of Abraham
2978:Myth: A Very Short Introduction
2846:Creation and the God of Abraham
2468:. University of Chicago Press.
2211:
2195:
2182:
2167:
2151:
2135:
2123:
2107:
2077:
2059:
2047:
2022:
2006:
1989:
1976:A Dictionary of Asian Mythology
1965:
1948:
1935:
1918:
1891:Tristam P. Coffin, ed. (1961).
1884:
1873:
1852:
1817:
1806:
1794:
1770:
1758:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1639:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1551:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1442:
1430:
1385:
1373:
1340:
1292:
1064:Evolutionary origin of religion
635:
3494:Creation–evolution controversy
3003:. Cambridge University Press.
2893:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
2848:. Cambridge University Press.
2770:Gods, goddesses, and mythology
2644:A Dictionary of Creation Myths
2600:Encyclopedia of Creation Myths
2491:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
2438:Frank; Leaman, Oliver (2004).
2221:Handbook of Japanese mythology
1930:https://doi.org/10.2307/535151
1280:
1254:
1237:
1209:
1141:
1106:
748:
628:from the first chapter of the
543:The Garden of Earthly Delights
146:
108:. They are all stories with a
1:
2941:"Creation in Paul's Theology"
2792:. New York: George Braziller.
2017:Paganism in Romanian Folklore
1928:34, no. 133 (1921): 274-275.
1126:painting from the collections
1100:
3202:Winzeler, Robert L. (2008).
3175:Journal of American Folklore
3158:. Indiana University Press.
3061:Islam and Christian Theology
2947:. Sheffield Academic Press.
2790:Alpha: The Myths of Creation
2767:Littleton, C. Scott (2005).
2441:History of Jewish Philosophy
2375:. University Alabama Press.
1407:Encyclopædia Britannica 2009
1357:Encyclopædia Britannica 2009
1186:Encyclopædia Britannica 2009
997:In another version from the
982:In a similar story from the
692:
673:creation myth described in "
533:on the exterior shutters of
513:
413:of creation, emerges from a
36:(c. 1896–1902), painting by
7:
3018:Sproul, Barbara C. (1979).
2980:. Oxford University Press.
2716:Leeming, David A. (2011b).
2682:Leeming, David A. (2011a).
2665:Creation Myths of the World
2625:. Oxford University Press.
2621:Myth: A Biography of Belief
2578:Bantu Myths and Other Tales
2531:Johnston, Susan A. (2009).
2327:Courlander, Harold (2002).
2261:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
2219:Ashkenazi, Michael (2008).
1558:Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes
1116:from the first book of the
1009:
847:hunting-gathering societies
600:or creation from chaos. In
248:and scientists investigate
10:
3661:
3354:Genesis creation narrative
2995:Soskice, Janet M. (2010).
2797:MacClaglan, David (1977).
2667:(2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO.
2663:Leeming, David A. (2010).
2617:Leeming, David A. (2001).
2602:(2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO.
2130:Leonard & McClure 2004
1742:Leeming & Leeming 1994
1666:Leonard & McClure 2004
1314:Leonard & McClure 2004
1289:, pp. xvii–xviii, 465
752:
626:Genesis creation narrative
612:
519:
380:
135:Creation myths develop in
18:
3572:
3531:
3511:Kansas evolution hearings
3481:
3420:
3367:
3326:
3064:. James Clarke & Co.
2788:Long, Charles H. (1963).
2356:. Merriam-Webster. 1999.
2331:. Marlowe & Company.
1507:(1st American ed.).
1148:Leitao, David D. (2012),
1112:An interpretation of the
951:Native American narrative
677:", the first poem in the
463:or a bringing order from
365:was an embodiment of the
3126:Wasilewska, Ewa (2000).
3041:The Paleolithic Paradigm
2939:Nebe, Gottfried (2002).
2840:McMullin, Ernan (2010).
2558:. The Teaching Company.
2238:Barbour, Ian G. (1997).
1137:Jewish Museum (New York)
1022:Anthropology of religion
840:American anthropologist
783:Native American folklore
734:Mesa Verde National Park
648:, the primal couple are
417:risen from the navel of
3473:Young Earth creationism
3463:Progressive creationism
3392:Genesis flood narrative
3079:Thomas, Cullen (2008).
3039:Stocker, Terry (2009).
2889:Encyclopædia Britannica
2803:. Thames & Hudson.
1842:(1949). "Earth-diver".
1453:Encyclopædia Britannica
1120:(commonly known as the
1052:Young Earth creationism
276:and analyzed them in a
190:in terms of creation:
3359:History of creationism
3269:Quotations related to
2976:Segal, Robert (2004).
2906:Asian Folklore Studies
2718:"Earth-Diver Creation"
2371:Doty, William (2007).
2028:Laurinkienė, Nijolė. "
1962:Vo. 48 (2011). p. 144.
1954:Deviatkina, Tatiana. "
1042:Chinese creation myths
737:
653:
547:
430:
383:List of creation myths
378:
346:
262:historians of religion
223:
197:
159:
40:
3640:Religious cosmologies
3630:Comparative mythology
3523:Teach the Controversy
3458:Old Earth creationism
3221:Womack, Mari (2005).
2863:May, Gerhard (2004).
2423:. Allen & Unwin.
2278:"Tsimshian Mythology"
1562:Ancient Civilizations
711:
643:
529:
400:
356:
333:
207:
192:
154:
32:
3582:Category:Creationism
3505:Edwards v. Aguillard
3285:at Wikimedia Commons
2965:; Rose, H A (1954).
2963:Pettazzoni, Raffaele
2596:Leeming, David Adams
2556:Comparative Religion
2444:. Psychology Press.
2276:Boas, Franz (1916).
2118:The Concept of Water
2085:"King's Crown Story"
2036:Nr. 5 (2002), p. 9.
1995:Kornel, Vladislav. "
1972:Leeming, David Adams
1491:Wragg-Sykes, Rebecca
1216:"Creation Stories".
753:For other uses, see
210:Daoist creation myth
200:Meaning and function
106:religious traditions
3645:Traditional stories
3564:Omphalos hypothesis
3549:Biblical literalism
3539:Anthropic principle
3448:Islamic creationism
2173:Brinton, Daniel G.
2066:Vladimir Napolskikh
1732:, pp. 1–3, 153
1084:Religious cosmology
661:(usually male) and
646:Maori creation myth
609:Creation from chaos
270:early-stage science
182:Religion professor
3544:Biblical inerrancy
3468:Theistic evolution
3443:Intelligent design
3349:Creationist museum
3334:Biblical cosmology
3240:Y.Z. (June 1824).
3225:. AltaMira Press.
3206:. AltaMira Press.
3111:. Baker Academic.
2001:Gypsy Lore Journal
1901:10.7560/735064-003
1858:Eason, Cassandra.
1650:Walters Art Museum
1114:creation narrative
961:Iroquois mythology
779:Tristram P. Coffin
769:Motif distribution
738:
654:
548:
431:
379:
314:philosophy of life
252:with the tools of
224:
222:, 4th century BCE)
160:
97:or amorphousness.
73: –
41:
3590:
3589:
3438:Hindu creationism
3412:Ussher chronology
3281:Media related to
3232:978-0-7591-0322-1
3213:978-0-7591-1046-5
3165:978-0-8371-6208-9
3139:978-1-85302-681-2
3118:978-0-8010-2750-5
3094:978-0-14-311311-9
3071:978-0-227-17203-2
3050:978-1-4490-2292-1
3031:978-0-06-067501-1
2987:978-0-19-280347-4
2866:Creatio ex nihilo
2832:978-0-553-07005-7
2810:978-0-500-81010-1
2780:978-0-7614-7559-0
2759:978-0-7674-1957-4
2674:978-1-59884-174-9
2655:978-0-19-510275-8
2632:978-0-19-514288-4
2609:978-0-87436-739-3
2587:978-90-04-05423-3
2580:. Brill Archive.
2565:978-1-59803-452-3
2546:978-1-4407-2603-3
2523:978-0-520-05192-8
2498:978-1-4042-0768-4
2487:African Mythology
2451:978-0-415-32469-4
2430:978-0-04-291001-7
2408:978-0-529-01915-8
2382:978-0-8173-5437-4
2363:978-0-87779-044-0
2346:"Creation Myth".
2338:978-1-56924-536-1
2319:978-0-520-05192-8
2268:978-1-85109-533-9
2249:978-0-06-060938-2
2230:978-0-19-533262-9
2201:Barbeau, Marius.
2188:Thompson, Stith.
2056:, pp. 168–70
1941:Barnouw, Victor.
1522:978-1-4654-5443-0
939:creation myth of
615:Chaos (cosmogony)
522:Creatio ex nihilo
322:etiological myths
296:, to any assumed
294:the natural world
186:defined the word
157:Finnish mythology
3652:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3580:
3579:
3428:Creation science
3313:
3306:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3268:
3253:
3236:
3217:
3198:
3169:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3122:
3098:
3086:
3075:
3054:
3035:
3014:
2991:
2972:
2958:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2896:
2880:
2859:
2836:
2825:. Bantam Books.
2814:
2793:
2784:
2763:
2750:Myth and Knowing
2744:
2742:
2740:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2693:
2678:
2659:
2647:
2636:
2624:
2613:
2591:
2569:
2550:
2527:
2502:
2490:
2479:
2460:Frankfort, Henri
2455:
2434:
2421:Myth and Reality
2412:
2400:
2386:
2373:Myth: A Handbook
2367:
2342:
2323:
2298:
2289:
2272:
2253:
2234:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2171:
2165:
2155:
2149:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2034:Liaudies kultūra
2026:
2020:
2010:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1969:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1836:
1827:
1826:, pp. 66–73
1821:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1803:, pp. 21–24
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1744:, pp. 60–61
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1668:, pp. 32–33
1663:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1611:Christian, David
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1324:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1213:
1207:
1197:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1145:
1139:
1110:
927:and east to the
720:and present-day
535:Hieronymus Bosch
448:primordial ocean
421:, who lies with
93:from a state of
22:Creation Stories
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3593:
3591:
3586:
3568:
3527:
3477:
3453:Neo-creationism
3433:Gap creationism
3416:
3369:Book of Genesis
3363:
3322:
3317:
3261:
3256:
3233:
3214:
3181:(398): 426–35.
3166:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3119:
3103:Walton, John H.
3095:
3072:
3051:
3043:. AuthorHouse.
3032:
3011:
2988:
2955:
2930:
2928:
2918:10.2307/1178337
2877:
2856:
2833:
2819:Mair, Victor H.
2811:
2781:
2760:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2675:
2656:
2633:
2610:
2588:
2566:
2547:
2524:
2499:
2476:
2452:
2431:
2409:
2383:
2364:
2354:Merriam-Webster
2339:
2320:
2269:
2250:
2231:
2214:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2168:
2156:
2152:
2142:Thompson, Stith
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2112:
2108:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2007:
1994:
1990:
1970:
1966:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1919:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1857:
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1837:
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1807:
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1795:
1787:
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1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
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1748:
1740:
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1664:
1655:
1644:
1640:
1631:
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1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1523:
1505:David Christian
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:, p. xvii)
1242:
1238:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1146:
1142:
1122:Book of Genesis
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1079:Origin of death
1037:Ceremonial pole
1012:
953:
921:eastern Asiatic
842:Gladys Reichard
809:of California,
771:
758:
751:
695:
638:
630:Book of Genesis
617:
611:
524:
518:
425:on the serpent
385:
351:
329:David Christian
298:spiritual world
246:revealed truths
242:anthropologists
228:ancient history
202:
149:
137:oral traditions
126:in illo tempore
116:who are either
49:cosmogonic myth
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3658:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3625:Creation myths
3612:
3611:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3573:
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3569:
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3556:
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3440:
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3414:
3409:
3407:Tower of Babel
3404:
3399:
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3389:
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3379:
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3315:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3283:Creation myths
3274:
3260:
3259:External links
3257:
3255:
3254:
3237:
3231:
3218:
3212:
3199:
3187:10.2307/540902
3170:
3164:
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3055:
3049:
3036:
3030:
3015:
3010:978-1139490788
3009:
2992:
2986:
2973:
2959:
2954:978-0567573933
2953:
2936:
2897:
2881:
2876:978-0567083562
2875:
2860:
2855:978-1139490788
2854:
2837:
2831:
2815:
2809:
2794:
2785:
2779:
2764:
2758:
2745:
2733:978-0195102758
2732:
2713:
2701:978-0195156690
2700:
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2654:
2637:
2631:
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2608:
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2564:
2551:
2545:
2537:Recorded Books
2528:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2480:
2475:978-0226260082
2474:
2456:
2450:
2435:
2429:
2417:Eliade, Mircea
2413:
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2391:Eliade, Mircea
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2005:
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1964:
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1934:
1917:
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1805:
1793:
1791:, p. 209.
1781:
1769:
1757:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1706:
1704:, p. 183.
1694:
1692:, p. 119.
1682:
1670:
1653:
1638:
1626:978-0520931923
1625:
1602:
1590:
1578:
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1536:
1521:
1515:. p. 18.
1503:. Foreword by
1481:
1469:
1467:, pp. 5–6
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1227:978-1405325394
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1175:
1168:
1140:
1131:2013-04-16 at
1104:
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1086:
1081:
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1069:Mother goddess
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1024:
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1013:
1011:
1008:
952:
949:
929:North American
770:
767:
763:cosmogonically
750:
747:
722:Pueblo peoples
694:
691:
657:identified as
650:Rangi and Papa
637:
634:
613:Main article:
610:
607:
550:The myth that
546:(c. 1490–1510)
520:Main article:
517:
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510:
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504:
500:Cosmic egg or
498:
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349:Classification
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3387:Flood geology
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3339:Creation myth
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3309:
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3271:Creation myth
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2912:(2): 323–34.
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2103:(3): 222–223.
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2050:
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2039:
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2014:
2009:
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1984:0-19-512052-3
1981:
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1973:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
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1921:
1914:
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1680:, p. 24.
1679:
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1449:creation myth
1445:
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1427:, p. 267
1426:
1421:
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1397:Johnston 2009
1395:
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1376:
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1336:Johnston 2009
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1059:Creator deity
1057:
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773:According to
766:
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743:
742:metamorphosis
735:
731:
730:first emerged
727:
723:
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359:Maya religion
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184:Mircea Eliade
176:
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142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
122:Mircea Eliade
119:
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92:
88:
84:
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76:
72:
67:
66:
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51:is a type of
50:
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45:creation myth
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3554:Created kind
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3503:
3377:Adam and Eve
3338:
3273:at Wikiquote
3249:
3245:
3222:
3203:
3178:
3174:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3128:
3107:
3082:
3060:
3040:
3021:Primal Myths
3020:
3000:
2977:
2971:. E J Brill.
2967:
2944:
2929:. Retrieved
2909:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2865:
2845:
2822:
2799:
2789:
2769:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2722:
2705:. Retrieved
2689:
2664:
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2599:
2577:
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2258:
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2220:
2212:Bibliography
2202:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2132:, p. 38
2125:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2079:
2069:
2061:
2049:
2033:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1991:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1925:
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1886:
1875:
1859:
1854:
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1808:
1801:Leeming 2010
1796:
1789:Leeming 2010
1784:
1779:, p. 18
1777:Leeming 2010
1772:
1767:, p. 16
1765:Leeming 2010
1760:
1754:Leeming 2010
1749:
1737:
1730:Leeming 2010
1725:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1678:Soskice 2010
1673:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1615:
1605:
1593:
1588:, p. 12
1581:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1499:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1439:, p. 84
1437:Leeming 2010
1432:
1420:
1412:Leeming 2010
1391:
1387:
1375:
1346:
1342:
1321:, p. 50
1304:Leeming 2010
1298:
1294:
1287:Leeming 2010
1282:
1276:Kimball 2008
1263:, p. 18
1256:
1249:Leeming 2010
1244:
1239:
1231:
1217:
1211:
1150:
1143:
1108:
1003:medicine man
996:
981:
958:
954:
918:
912:, Romanian,
887:
839:
775:Gudmund Hatt
772:
759:
739:
702:
699:earth mother
696:
686:Gylfaginning
684:
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655:
636:World parent
621:
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593:
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530:
514:
482:
475:
472:Marta Weigle
470:
436:
408:
388:Mythologists
386:
341:
337:
334:
326:
290:explications
287:
282:Charles Long
238:Ethnologists
236:
225:
217:
193:
187:
181:
161:
134:
125:
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83:historically
79:symbolically
63:
48:
44:
42:
38:James Tissot
34:The Creation
33:
21:
3344:Creationism
3320:Creationism
3087:. Penguin.
2508:Alan Dundes
2304:Alan Dundes
2013:Beza, Marcu
1702:Walton 2006
1646:Description
1600:, p. 6
1598:Sproul 1979
1500:Big History
1479:, p. 9
1465:Eliade 1964
1380:Eliade 1963
1309:Weigle 1987
1200:Womack 2005
1074:Origin myth
1047:Creationism
1017:Abiogenesis
902:Finno-Ugric
900:, and many
755:Earthdivers
749:Earth-diver
680:Poetic Edda
584:, and many
444:Earth-diver
258:rationality
232:etiological
172:cosmogonies
147:Definitions
3619:Categories
3402:Noah's Ark
2931:2010-05-06
2739:13 October
2707:13 October
2684:"Creation"
2054:Booth 1984
1716:, p.
1632:2013-12-29
1319:Honko 1984
1202:, p.
1101:References
975:, and the
883:Montagnais
563:Maimonides
477:deus faber
461:cosmic egg
381:See also:
327:Historian
302:each other
254:empiricism
114:characters
3635:Cosmogony
2297:. Anchor.
2042:0236-0551
1909:243789306
1813:Long 1963
1690:Nebe 2002
1586:Long 1963
1531:940282526
1477:Mair 1990
1402:Long 1963
1367:Long 1963
1261:Long 1963
1156:Cambridge
988:waterfowl
871:Chipewyan
799:Chipewyan
795:Blackfoot
705:variety.
703:ex nihilo
693:Emergence
683:, and in
602:ex nihilo
598:ex nihilo
594:ex nihilo
586:animistic
574:Ex nihilo
568:ex nihilo
559:ex nihilo
515:Ex nihilo
487:Primeval
437:ex nihilo
435:Creation
367:Maize God
300:, and to
266:primitive
250:cosmology
219:Daodejing
167:culture."
130:worldview
87:literally
60:narrative
53:cosmogony
3609:Religion
3559:Nephilim
3105:(2006).
2821:(1990).
2576:(1977).
2462:(1977).
2419:(1964).
2393:(1963).
2116:(2009),
2068:(2012),
2032:" . In:
1714:May 2004
1613:(2004).
1509:New York
1129:Archived
1032:Big Bang
1010:See also
894:Yukaghir
835:Cherokee
819:Cheyenne
803:Newettee
791:Meskwaki
787:Shoshone
716:of both
582:Rig Veda
539:triptych
531:Creation
375:creation
306:relative
274:religion
57:symbolic
3532:Related
3489:Outline
3327:General
2926:1178337
2895:. 2009.
2539:, LLC.
2510:(ed.).
2306:(ed.).
2120:, p. 28
2093:citing
1999:". In:
1958:". In:
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945:Oduduwa
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867:Carrier
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718:ancient
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675:Völuspá
644:In one
423:Lakshmi
371:helpers
342:gravity
278:literal
214:The Way
141:culture
124:termed
118:deities
3595:Portal
3229:
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3195:540902
3193:
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3145:23 May
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3047:
3028:
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2924:
2885:"myth"
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2097:Africa
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1519:
1455:(2009)
1224:
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1094:Xirang
1089:Theism
984:Seneca
971:, the
967:, the
965:beaver
937:Yoruba
914:Slavic
910:Romani
906:Buryat
898:Tatars
896:, the
881:, and
863:Beaver
855:Dogrib
833:, and
827:Ojibwe
811:Mandan
807:Yokuts
726:sipapu
724:, the
622:cosmos
580:, the
502:embryo
404:, the
402:Brahmā
392:motifs
361:, the
318:symbol
102:sacred
91:cosmos
71:truths
24:(film)
3421:Types
3191:JSTOR
2922:JSTOR
2908:. 2.
1905:S2CID
1648:from
1245:truth
1118:Torah
969:otter
875:Sarsi
859:Kaska
831:Yuchi
671:Norse
663:Earth
489:abyss
465:chaos
419:Viṣņu
415:lotus
406:Hindu
363:dwarf
310:being
95:chaos
85:, or
3397:Noah
3227:ISBN
3208:ISBN
3160:ISBN
3147:2011
3134:ISBN
3113:ISBN
3089:ISBN
3066:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3026:ISBN
3005:ISBN
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2949:ISBN
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2754:ISBN
2741:2011
2728:ISBN
2709:2011
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2560:ISBN
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2333:ISBN
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2263:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2038:ISSN
1980:ISBN
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1621:ISBN
1527:OCLC
1517:ISBN
1392:See:
1347:See:
1299:See:
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973:duck
943:and
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851:Hare
777:and
714:kiva
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256:and
240:and
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