Organized crime in Italy

2002:. The trial was initially chaired by its president, Catello Marano on 1 July 1998. It continued just over ten years, until its final verdict was eventually read on 19 June 2008. In that 10-year legal trial, 36 members of the clan were charged with a string of murders and other crimes. The Casalesi clan had exploited and extorted from every business and economic opportunity, from waste disposal to construction, in creating a monopoly in the cement market for their own building businesses to the distribution of materials. Building business would have to pay for the contracts, buy material from the clan, and keep paying for protection. The clan also controlled elections. More than 1,300 people were investigated, 508 witnesses gave evidence and 626 were interviewed in the trial which saw the heaviest penalties ever for organised crime with a total of 700 years of imprisonment. Over the course of the initial trial and the appeal, five people involved in the case were murdered, including a court interpreter. A judge and two journalists were threatened with death. In all, 115 people were prosecuted, 27 life sentences, plus 750 years in prison were handed out to the defendants. On 15 January 2010, Italy's Supreme Court confirmed the sentence. 658:. Under his leadership the SCU mixed its Apulian interests and opportunities with 'Ndrangheta and Camorra traditions. Originally preying on the region's substantial wine and olive oil industries, the group moved into fraud, gunrunning, and drug trafficking, and made alliances with international criminal organizations such as the Russian and Albanian mafias, the Colombian drug cartels, and some Asian organizations. The Sacra Corona Unita consists of about 50 Clans with approximately 2,000 Core members and specializes in smuggling cigarettes, drugs, arms, and people. 1585: 1338:

Milanese businessman, and held her captive for over a month and a half, from December 1976 to January 1977. They only released the girl upon payment of a one billion randsom in Italian currency. Soon after, the gang killed two highway police officers who had stopped a car containing Vallanzasca and his gang members. Two other members of the Banda della Comasina, Carlo Carluccio and Antonio Furiato, were killed in separate gun battles with policemen, in Piazza Vetra in Milan and on the

236: 780: 6041: 1409:. These and other investigations have thoroughly documented their cooperation with other major drug trafficking organizations. Italian crime groups are also involved in illegal gambling, political corruption, extortion, kidnapping, frauds, counterfeiting, infiltration of legitimate businesses, murders, bombings, and weapons trafficking. Industry experts in Italy estimate that their worldwide criminal activity is worth more than US$ 100 billion annually. 1763: 40: 1228: 388: 6030: 577: 1049: 1774:

article 41 bis in the law on the Italian penitentiary system, international judicial cooperation and the creation of some ad hoc bodies such as the High Commissioner for the coordination of the fight against mafia delinquency (later abolished). In the 1990s, due to the work of some Italian magistrates such as

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Cosa Nostra's "Capo di Tutti Capi" title, Salvatore Riina, waged a war within Cosa Nostra and against the Stidda. The war spread death and terror among mafiosi and the public, leaving over 500 dead in Cosa Nostra and over 1,000 in La Stidda, including Stidda captains Calogero Lauria and Vincenzo Spina.

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his life. Costa had signed the indictments of 55 against the Mafia heroin-trafficking network of the Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino clan after virtually all of the other prosecutors in his office had declined to do so – a fact that leaked out of the office and eventually cost him his life. He was murdered

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Also in Turin, Romanian criminals created the 'Brigada Oarza' group, specialized in extortion, robbery and drug trafficking. In 2014, 15 members of the Brigada Oarza were convicted of mafia affiliation, being sentenced up to 15 years in prison. It was the first Italian sentence that condemned a group

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in Campania is considered the headquarters of the Nigerian mafia in Europe. The country is used as a hub by the Nigerian mafia for the trafficking of cocaine from South America, heroin from Asia and women from Africa. Nigerian gangs have established partnerships with indigenous organised crime groups

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With the decreasing importance of the Adriatic corridor as a smuggling route (thanks to the normalization of the Balkans area) and a series of successful police and judicial operations against it in recent years, the Sacra Corona Unita has been considered, if not actually defeated, to be reduced to a

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is the most important landing point for the activities managed by the Chinese groups in cooperation with the camorra. Among the illegal activities in which the two criminal organizations work together are human trafficking and illegal immigration aimed at the sexual and labor exploitation of Chinese

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The Nuova Mala del Brenta is believed to be involved in a variety of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, money laundering, and extortion. The group is also believed to have connections to other criminal organizations in Italy and abroad and has been linked to several high-profile crimes

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live and 14.6% of the Italian GDP is produced. However, despite the ubiquity of organized crime in much of the country, Italy has only the 47th highest murder rate, at 0.013 per 1,000 people, compared to 61 countries, and the 43rd highest number of rapes per 1,000 people, compared to 64 countries in

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Further factors relative to the economy have rendered the Albanian criminality even more competitive. In fact, some organisations which reached Italy in the early 1990s, infiltrated the Lombardy narco-traffic network run by the 'ndrangheta. Albanian mafia leaders have reached stable agreements with

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The organization also enlarged its membership by absorbing local thugs and criminals (picciotti) who operated at the far margins of organized crime. This allowed Stidda to gain more power and credibility in the Italian underworld. From 1978 to 1990, former Corleonesi clan leader and aspirant to the

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Remo Lecce Libera: formed by some leading criminal figures from Lecce, who claim to be independent from any criminal group other than the 'Ndrangheta. The term Remo indicates Remo Morello, a criminal from the Salento area, killed by criminals from the Campania region because he opposed any external

651:, by the Camorra member Raffaele Cutolo, who wanted to expand his operations into Apulia. It has also been suggested that elements of this group originated from the 'Ndrangheta, but it is not known if they were breakaways from it or the result of indirect co-operation with clans of the 'Ndrangheta. 339:

In the 1950s, Sicily experienced a substantial construction boom. Taking advantage of the opportunity, the Sicilian Mafia gained control of the building contracts and made millions of dollars. It participated in the growing business of large-scale heroin trafficking, both in Italy and Europe and in

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The early Mafia was deeply involved with citrus growers and cattle ranchers, as these industries were particularly vulnerable to thieves and vandals and thus badly needed protection. Citrus plantations had a fragile production system that made them quite vulnerable to sabotage. Likewise, cattle are

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The Turatello Crew and Banda della Comasina had been in the middle of a gang war with each other when their leaders, Vallanzasca and Turatello, were incarcerated in the same prison, reconciling and bonding there. The newly forged alliance between the two crime groups only increased their influence

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The group's downfall was partially brought about by its brazen disregard for both subtlety and authority, as well as its continued reliance on kidnapping and armed robbery to make money. The gang's leader, Renato Vallanzasca, repeatedly escaped from police custody and continued to commit robberies

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The group was largely dismantled in the 1990s after many of its members were arrested and convicted. However, a new criminal organization, the Nuova Mala del Brenta, emerged in the region in the late 1990s. The group is believed to have connections to the original Mala del Brenta and is said to be

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into power. This caused disorganization and disenchantment inside the traditional Cosa Nostra power base and values system, leaving the growing Stidda organization to counter Cosa Nostra's power, influence, and expansion in Southern and Eastern Sicily. Stidda membership was also reinforced by Cosa

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attempt every 48 hours in Foggia province in 2017 and 2018. These were wrongly reported as the work of the Sacra Corona Unita (the fourth mafia) by news media, unaware of the new independent mafia in Foggia province. "But that wasn't the case. We are witnessing what should be called a fifth mafia,

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and head of the special anti-Mafia investigative squad, had become the organization's most formidable enemy. His team was moving to prepare cases against most of the Mafia leadership. The bomb made a crater 10 meters (33 feet) in diameter in the road Falcone's caravan was traveling on. This became

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group in the United States, with estimates of more than 2,500 affiliates located there. The Sicilian Mafia is also known to engage in arson, frauds, counterfeiting, and other racketeering crimes. It is estimated to have 3,500–4,000 core members with 100 clans, with around 50 in the city of Palermo

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is hard to trace because mafiosi are very secretive and do not keep historical records of their own. They have been known to spread deliberate lies about their past and sometimes come to believe in their own myths. The Mafia's genesis began in the 19th century as the product of Sicily's transition

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in the early 1980s following the example of anti-terrorism judges in Northern Italy in the 1970s. Most important, they assumed collective responsibility for carrying Mafia prosecutions forward: all the members of the pool signed prosecutorial orders to avoid exposing any one of them to particular

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In 2018, Italian authorities arrested several members of the Nuova Mala del Brenta on charges of drug trafficking and money laundering. The group was accused of smuggling large quantities of cocaine into Italy from South America and using sophisticated money laundering techniques to conceal their

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The original Mala del Brenta was a powerful criminal organization that operated in the Veneto region during the 1970s and 1980s. The group was involved in a wide range of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, extortion, and money laundering. The group's name was derived from the Brenta

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businessman. Several of the robberies resulted in the murder of the robbery victims and responding officers, including four policemen, a doctor and a bank employee. That same year, Vallanzasca (still a fugitive at this point) and his gang kidnapped 16-year-old Emanuela Trapani, the daughter of a

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Very few SCU members have been identified in the United States, however there are some links to individuals in Illinois, Florida, and possibly New York. The Sacra Corona Unita is also reported to be involved in money laundering, extortion, and political corruption and collects payoffs from other

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who had come to reject Riina's strategy of war against the authorities, in favor of an approach of bribery, corruption, and influence-peddling. As a consequence, the rate of Mafia killings fell sharply, but its influence continued in the international drug and slave trades, as well as locally in

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In order to combat the phenomenon more effectively, some legislative measures on the subject began to be created starting from the 1980s, such as the introduction of the crimes of mafia-type association and political-mafia electoral exchange, of a special prison regime, with the introduction of

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and receives payoffs from other criminal groups for any cigarette traffic through Italy. In the 1970s, the Sicilian Mafia convinced the Camorra to convert their cigarette smuggling routes into drug smuggling routes. Yet not all Camorra leaders agreed, sparking a war between the two factions and

1392:(former gangsters that collaborate with the Italian government) were brutally killed. Despite repeated escape attempts, Vallanzasca remains in prison, serving four consecutive life sentences plus 290 years, and the Banda della Comisina collapsed and disbanded in the early 1980s in his absence. 479: 496:

as a word dates from 1735, when a royal decree authorized the establishment of eight gambling houses in Naples. The Camorra's main businesses are drug trafficking, racketeering, counterfeiting and money laundering. It is also not unusual for Camorra clans to infiltrate the politics of their

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was abolished, land could no longer be seized to settle debts, and one fifth of the land became private property of the peasants. After Italy annexed Sicily in 1860, it redistributed a large share of public and church land to private citizens. The result was a huge increase in the number of

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The 'Ndrangheta is also known to engage in cocaine (controlling up to 80% of that flowing through Europe) and heroin trafficking, murder, bombings, counterfeiting, illegal gambling, frauds, thefts, labor racketeering, loan sharking, illegal immigration, and rarely some kidnapping.

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arose - following a new, less violent and low-key approach to criminal activities. As a result, the Stidda cemented its power, influence and credibility among the longer-established criminal organizations in Italy and around the world, making itself a bonefied underworld player.

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is used to distinguish the assassination of prominent government officials from the common criminals and ordinary citizens killed by the Mafia. Some of their high ranking victims include police commissioners, mayors, judges, police colonels and generals, and Parliament members.

1062:(NMB), also known as the New Brenta Mafia, is a criminal organization based in the Veneto region of Italy. The group is believed to have emerged in the late 1990s as a successor to the original Mala del Brenta, which was active in the area during the 1970s and 1980s. 2039: 3387: 371:

governments, from between the 1950s to the early 1990s. Its reach included many prominent lawyers, financiers, and professionals; it has also exerted power by bribing or pressuring politicians, judges, and administrators. It has lost influence on the heels of the

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In 2021, the group was linked to the murder of a prominent businessman in the Veneto region. The businessman, who was involved in several legitimate businesses, was reportedly targeted by the Nuova Mala del Brenta after he refused to pay extortion money.

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The exact structure of the Nuova Mala del Brenta is not known, but it is believed to be a hierarchical organization with a leader or leaders at the top. The group is also believed to have a network of associates who assist with its criminal activities.

196:", the Sicilian Mafia is the basis for the current colloquial usage of the term to refer to organized crime groups. It along with the Neapolitan Camorra and the Calabrian 'Ndrangheta are active throughout Italy, having presence also in other countries. 3813: 1333:

and kidnappings of wealthy and powerful people, even while living as fugitive. In 1976, the group committed approximately 70 robberies and multiple kidnappings (many of which were never reported to police), including the kidnapping of a prominent

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Nuova Famiglia Salentina: formed in 1986 by De Matteis Pantaleo, from Lecce and stemming from the Famiglia Salentina Libera born in the early 1980s as an autonomous criminal movement in the Salento area with no links with extra-regional Mafia

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Italian organized crime groups, in particular the Sicilian mafia and the Camorra, have been involved in heroin trafficking for decades. Two major investigations that targeted their drug trafficking schemes in the 1970s and 80s are known as the

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the Italian criminal organisations, also with the mafia, so have gained legitimacy in many illegal circuits, diversifying their activities to avoid reasons of conflict with similar host structures. So, Albanian drug trafficking has emerged in

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in the Agrigento province. Stidda members can be identified and sometimes introduced to each other by a tattoo of five greenish marks arranged in a circle, forming a star called "i punti della malavita" or "the points of the criminal life."

3948: 803:, smuggling and extortion as their primary activities. These clans were founded in the 1980s and 1990s and currently have hegemony in the illegal activities of the city of Bari, having also infiltrated in the politics of the region. 4359:, Peter Schneider & Jane Schneider, May 2002, essay is based on excerpts from Chapter Six of Jane Schneider and Peter Schneider, Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia and the Struggle for Palermo, Berkeley: U. of California Press 2194: 336:

very easy to steal. The Mafia was often more effective than the police at recovering stolen cattle; in the 1920s, it was noted that the Mafia's success rate at recovering stolen cattle was 95%, whereas the police managed only 10%.

437:, Sicily. Borsellino and five bodyguards were killed outside the apartment of Borsellino's mother when a car packed with explosives was detonated by remote control as the judge approached the front door of his mother's apartment. 647:) in Southern Italy, and is especially active in the areas of Brindisi and Lecce and not, as people tend to believe, in the region as a whole. The SCU was founded in the late 1970s as the Nuova Grande Camorra Pugliese, based in 2978: 3874: 2031: 3379: 1416:. These collaboration were mostly important during the French Connection era. During the 1990s, the links between the Corsican mafia and the Sicilian mafia facilitated the establishment of some Sicilian gangsters in the 747:

independent of the Sacra Corona Unita" according to Giuseppe Volpe, a prosecutor and anti-mafia head of Bari. The Società foggiana is known to have numerous alliances with Balkans criminal groups, in particular with the

83:, for centuries and have affected the social and economic life of many Italian regions. There are major native mafia-like organizations that are heavily active in Italy. The most powerful of these organizations are the 1388:, and the Turatello Crew collapsed while the Banda della Comasina lost an important ally. Soon after Turatello's assassination, Vallanzasca, still imprisoned, organized and participated in a prison revolt in which two 923:

in the provinces of the same name, Niscemi and Riesi of Caltanissetta province, and Vittoria of Ragusa province, located mainly on the Southern and Eastern coasts of Sicily. The group also has members and is active in

3535: 3417: 4131: 3181: 1636:, the Albanians were also considered for a time to be the main organization dedicated to drug trafficking. One of the most notorious and important criminals of the Albanian mafia operating in and around Rome was 1791: 598:. The 'Ndrangheta consists of 160 cells and approximately 6,000 members, although worldwide estimates put core membership at around 10,000. The group specializes in political corruption and cocaine trafficking. 3357: 3121: 3805: 2102: 2713: 1450:

Thanks to its dominance in global drug trade, the 'Ndrangheta became the first and only Italian criminal organization present on all continents in the world. It has a strong presence in countries such as the

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and Italian political terrorist groups). As the leader of the so-called Turatello Crew, Francis Turatello was a protégé of the Sicilian Mafia and an important ally in Milan, for both the Sicilian Mafia and

3844: 1710:, they created an Italian-style mafia within their local community, extorting money from Romanian night-clubs that ran prostitutes, and would impose their own businesses and singers on weddings by force. 4447: 1943:, after the final stage of appeal. The importance of the trial was that the existence of Cosa Nostra was finally judicially confirmed. It is considered to be the most significant trial ever against the 520:, who designed the system, has been imprisoned since 2005. His organization however earned about €200 million annually, solely from the drug trafficking business. The Di Lauro clan war against the 4466: 4425: 4488: 1564:, operating most often in Lombardy. The Albanian gangs historically operate mainly in Rome, in Milan and in Apulia, but they are also expanding to other regions such as Emilia-Romagna or Molise. 734:

itself, and have significantly infiltrated other Italian regions. Currently, the group is considered one of the most brutal and bloody of all organized crime groups in Italy. There was about one

4510: 3098: 2651: 1493:. However, Camorra clans are also active in other European countries with varying degrees of presence. Its presence in the countries is mostly related to drug trafficking and money laundering. 444:

and responsible directly or indirectly for scores (if not hundreds) of killings. Riina's arrest came after years of investigation - which some believe was delayed by Mafia influence within the

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In particular the 'Ndrangheta and the Camorra consider the UK an area of interest for laundering money, using financial companies and business activities, while having large investments in

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Outside Italy, the Camorra is particularly present in Spain, having established a strong presence in the country since the 1980s. Among the most important clans operating in Spain are the

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region, is currently active but is considered to have mostly fallen under the influence of the larger and more powerful 'Ndrangheta. The latest creation of Italian organized crime (IOC),

3505: 2225: 185:(which was partially a successor or continuation of Banda della Magliana, involving many former Banda della Magliana members and associates), was mostly disbanded by the police in 2014. 3783: 4253: 3254: 3038: 2955: 2925: 2886: 2802: 1011:. Its status as a mafia group was only recognized on December 21, 2007, with a verdict from the Potenza Court that sentenced twenty-six defendants to a total of 242 years in prison. 3068: 2069: 1917:-style courthouse specially constructed for this purpose inside the walls of the Ucciardone prison. Sicilian prosecutors indicted 475 mafiosi for a multitude of crimes relating to 110:

In addition to these three long-established organizations, there are also other significantly active organized crime syndicates in Italy that were founded in the 20th century: the

3866: 1862: 173:, held considerable influence at the height of their power but are now severely weakened by Italian law enforcement or even considered defunct or inactive. One other group, the 4284: 4193: 2417: 3739: 1676:

and have adopted the structure and operational methods of Italian crime syndicates. The Nigerian mafia pays tribute (a percentage of its profits from criminal rackets) to the

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Le criminalità organizzate nell'Italia meridionale continentale: camorra, 'ndrangheta, sacra corona unita Carlo Alfiero, Generale di Brigata - Comandante Scuola Ufficiali CC

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was killed by the Mafia. His place as head of the ‘Office of Instruction’ (Ufficio istruzione), the investigative branch of the Prosecution Office of Palermo, was taken by

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1900 map of Mafia presence in Sicily. Towns with Mafia activity are marked as red dots. The Mafia operated mostly in the west, in areas of rich agricultural productivity.

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In addition to their involvement in traditional organized crime rackets, the Banda della Magliana is also believed to have worked for Italian political figures such as

6077: 4150: 3349: 1947:, as well as the largest trial in world history. Throughout and after the trial, several judges and magistrates were killed by the Mafia, including the two who led it— 1632:, being considered by the investigations as one of the most important organizations active in the Italian capital. In towns on the outskirts of Rome, in particular in 3443: 1567:

Most of these organizations focus their ambitions on prostitution and drug trafficking, under the control and with permissions of the Italian organized crime groups.

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A few years after the creation of the SCU, following the downfall of Cutolo, the organization began to operate independently from the Camorra under the leadership of

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Outside Italy, the Camorra has a strong presence in Spain. There, the organization has established a massive business operation revolving around drug trafficking and

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Since the 1950s, the organization's influence has spread towards Northern Italy and worldwide. According to a 2013 "Threat Assessment on Italian Organized Crime" by

1133:). The organization was tied to other Italian criminal organizations such as the Cosa Nostra, Camorra and the 'Ndrangheta. Most notably though, it was connected to 1731:

people on Italian territory, drug trafficking and the laundering of illicit capital through the purchase of real estate, commercial establishments and businesses.

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criminal groups for landing rights on the southeast coast of Italy. This territory is a natural gateway for smuggling to and from post-Communist countries like

4444: 2287: 2094: 4463: 4422: 1654:. Among the figures of the Albanian mafia operating in Bari is Aleksander Hodaj, responsible for massive heroin trafficking between Albania and the city. 931:

The Stidda has extended its power and influence into the mainland Italy provinces of Milan, Genoa, and Turin. The members of the organization are called

417:, his wife, and three police body guards were killed by a massive bomb. Falcone, Director of Prosecutions (roughly, District Attorney) for the court of 4485: 3122:"Conflitti tra clan per il controllo del territorio, dall'ascesa dei Parisi allo stato di fibrillazione degli Strisciuglio: la mappa criminale di Bari" 3090: 2643: 2309: 2163: 4507: 3474: 2979:"I tre clan in guerra ma con il direttorio. Per il controllo di cassa comune e lista estorsioni. La nuova relazione dell'antimafia (4) - Rete Gargano" 3004: 1796: 1297:

and robbing members of the Milan police force. As the Banda della Comasina rose in power, they expanded into other areas of organized crime, such as

655: 1854:, Giuseppe Di Lello and Leonardo Guarnotta. The group subsequently pooled together several investigations into the Mafia, which would result in the 4352: 3761: 3627: 612:, the 'Ndrangheta is among the richest (in 2008 their income was around 55 billion dollars) and most powerful organized crime groups in the world. 2855: 5100: 4306: 3657: 3310: 2763: 1713:

of Romanian people for mafia-style criminal association. The leader of the Brigada Oarza was allegedly the former professional boxer Viorel Iovu.

17: 2620: 2217: 1373:. The Turatello Crew controlled various illegal rackets in the Milan underworld with the backing of the Sicilian Mafia and Camorra, controlling 6070: 3497: 2554: 4099: 3775: 3211: 1722:

According to the expert on terrorist organizations and mafia-type organized crime Antonio De Bonis, there is a close relationship between the

5132: 4245: 3380:"Gratteri: "La Germania è il secondo Paese con la più alta presenza di 'ndrangheta. Nessuno fa nulla, i clan portano soldi e aiutano il pil"" 3238: 3030: 2947: 1637: 1381:

and power in the Milan underworld, allowing them to control much of Milan's organized crime, even while their leaders remained incarcerated.

4027:"Tonnellate di droga e armi da guerra sui gommoni tra Puglia e Albania, 20 arresti. In manette anche "Lo Zio" e "Piripicchio" - l'Immediato" 2909: 2878: 2792: 2741: 508:

The Camorra Mafia controls the drug trade in Europe and is organized on a system of specific management principles. In the early 2000s, the

5763: 5115: 2824: 3060: 3896: 2061: 4048: 5727: 4657: 4075:"Trafficante di droga ricercato da 4 anni, era Austria con passaporto falso: preso latitante, fiumi di eroina dall'Albania alla Puglia" 1684:. In Palermo, a group of drug dealers linked to the Neo-Black Movement were convicted as members of a "mafialike organization" in 2018. 1508:. The Camorra also maintains important drug import routes from South America since the 1980s. And the Sicilian mafia had a presence in 1293:

even as they grew in power and expanded into other subtler areas of organized crime. The gang became notorious for brazenly setting up

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was a huge and deadly mythological serpent. The Basilischi adopted this name as a symbol of their origins and their dangerous nature.

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There are numerous criminal organizations operating in Italy. They are mostly composed of non-Italians living in Italy, such as the

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in 19th-century Sicily was ambiguous, signifying a bully, arrogant but also fearless, enterprising and proud, according to scholar

2674: 535:. They are known to reinvest their profits into the creation of hotels, nightclubs, restaurants and companies around the country. 5333: 3005:"I tentacoli dei clan baresi nella vita della città, don Angelo Cassano: "Organizzazioni criminali diventate potenza economica"" 2438: 6795: 4545: 891:) is the name given to the Sicilian organization founded by criminals Giuseppe Croce Benvenuto and Salvatore Calafato, both of 2577: 2528: 6011: 5174: 4386: 3588: 3287: 2467: 1734:

In 2017, investigators uncovered a plan between the Camorra and Chinese gangs: these exported industrial waste from Italy to

4074: 1820:) who closely worked together sharing information and developing new investigative and prosecutorial strategies against the 1018:

to refer to a lethal reptile of the time, the name is known to the general public, especially due to Lina Wetmuller's film "

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and active mostly throughout the late 1970s until the early 1990s. The gang's name refers to the neighborhood in Rome, the

2948:"Il ruolo della 'Società Foggiana' su San Severo, dove è guerra aperta tra clan per la conquista del business della droga" 1496:

The 'Ndrangheta has carved out turf and formed close ties with organized crime groups in Latin American countries such as

464:. Allegations included extortion, murder, international drug trafficking, and illegal control of the slot machine market. 5137: 5000: 1801:

were created. Many of the provisions on the matter were then collected in Legislative Decree no. 59 of 6 September 2011.

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Vallanzasca was eventually captured, and while in prison, he developed an alliance and friendship with his former rival,

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The Cosa Nostra wars of the late 1970s and early 1980s brought the Corleonesi Clan and its vicious and ruthless leaders

6533: 6368: 5856: 5441: 5068: 4901: 4662: 3806:"Milano, ricostruirono banda dei Latin King: 9 condanne. Due anni all' 'Inca Supremo'. Pena più alta a 3 anni e 4 mesi" 3565: 2132: 1910: 199:

Italian organized crime groups receipts have been estimated to reach 7–9% of Italy's GDP. A 2009 report identified 610

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construction and public contracts in Sicily. Provenzano was himself captured in 2006 after being wanted for 43 years.

6790: 5088: 5063: 4906: 2614: 2492: 2371: 2279: 1787: 1443:(FBI) refers to them as "Italian Organized Crime" (IOC). These Italian crime groups frequently collaborate with the 397:

The Sicilian Mafia became infamous for aggressive assaults on Italian law enforcement officials during the reign of

5460: 4741: 4627: 3708: 2435:"Private States and the Enforcement of Property Rights – Theory and Evidence on the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia," 4381:

Alfonso Giordano, Il maxiprocesso venticinque anni dopo – Memoriale del presidente, p. 68, Bonanno Editore, 2011.

1935:. Most were convicted, 338 people, sentenced to a total of 2,665 years, not including life sentences handed to 19 1921:

activities, based primarily on testimonies given as evidence from former Mafia bosses turned informants, known as

6190: 5584: 5496: 5343: 5338: 5169: 5037: 4115: 3974: 1440: 4000: 5532: 5120: 4597: 3867:"Arrestati 13 membri di un sodalizio albanese di Modena per spaccio di cocaina: maxi-operazione internazionale" 3837:"Mafia albanese consolida "business" droga in Basso Molise. Parla Musacchio dell'Osservatorio Antimafia Molise" 911:

and Agrigento provinces. The organization's groups and activities have flourished in the cities of Agrigento,

460:, a coastal community near the capital, police arrested 51 suspects for alleged crimes connected with Italy's 6259: 6242: 5783: 5614: 5501: 5032: 5027: 3922: 3159: 2706:"La mappa della camorra a Napoli, 2 grandi clan e tanti gruppi piccoli gruppi criminali si dividono la città" 2155: 1665: 1486: 521: 2313: 1022:" (1963). It carries a double meaning, representing both a large and lazy human lizard and an inhabitant of 697:

Rosa dei Venti: formed in 1990 by De Tommasi in the Lecce prison, following an internal division in the SCU.

6546: 5542: 5481: 5466: 5318: 5179: 4632: 3466: 4220:"FOTO VIDEO Il capo di tutti capi. Povestea boxerului român care conducea un clan de mafioţi din puşcărie" 783:

Domenico Strisciuglio, head of the Strisciuglio clan, considered the most powerful clan operating in Bari.

6269: 6195: 6185: 6177: 5886: 5604: 5450: 5232: 5142: 5042: 4928: 4896: 4581: 1513: 1145: 960:

of Riesi who had defected from Cosa Nostra's ranks during the bloodthirsty reign of the Corleonesi clan.

368: 6661: 4349: 4168: 1592:

The geographic vicinity, the accessibility to the EU through Italy, and the ties with the Calabrian and

6641: 6385: 6333: 6232: 5941: 5569: 5389: 5296: 5269: 5204: 5078: 4612: 4538: 2847: 2363: 1596:

criminality have all contributed to the expansion of the Albanian criminality on the Italian scenario.

3949:"Livigno e Bormio, spacciavano cocaina sulle piste da sci: sgominata banda legata alla mafia albanese" 601:

The 'Ndrangheta cells are loosely connected family groups based on blood relationships and marriages.

6656: 6623: 6343: 5971: 5737: 5660: 5624: 4642: 4607: 4602: 2793:"Puglia crimewave points to emergence of 'fifth' Italian mafia | World news | The Guardian" 2604: 1970:) was a series of criminal trials, each specifically directed against the activities of the powerful 1651: 1370: 796: 3061:"Associazione mafiosa, traffico di droga, armi ed estorsioni: 121 condanne per il clan Strisciuglio" 2550: 6252: 5986: 5976: 5956: 5926: 5881: 5579: 5421: 5353: 5323: 5303: 5184: 4860: 4825: 4622: 3215: 1995: 1983: 1549: 6408: 6356: 5866: 5629: 5486: 5456: 5431: 5348: 5308: 5247: 5146: 4911: 4881: 4119: 3091:"Bari, fra i clan della città vecchia equilibri a rischio dopo l'assoluzione di Filippo Capriati" 2738: 2455: 2032:""In Puglia effervescenza criminale tra mafia foggiana, criminalità barese e sacra corona unita"" 1723: 1650:. Albanian criminal groups are also responsible for trafficking weapons of war into Bari and its 1246: 1167:(P2), which was purportedly connected to neo-fascist and far-right militant paramilitary groups. 6277: 2816: 861:

operating in the Carrassi, Libertà, Poggiofranco, San Paolo and San Pasquale neighborhoods, the

456:

In July, 2013, the Italian police conducted sweeping raids targeting top mafia crime bosses. In

6116: 5564: 5552: 5328: 5313: 5005: 4647: 3923:""Infitrazioni consolidate", il report della DIA. A Modena organizzazioni nigeriane e albanesi" 3410:"La frontiera belga della 'ndrangheta. "Qui appoggi familiari e lo snodo per il narcotraffico"" 1940: 1444: 1406: 547: 31: 3900: 967:

With the 1993 capture of Salvatore Riina and the 2006 jailing of Bernardo Provenzano's, a new

685:

The internal difficulties of the SCU aided the birth of antagonistic criminal groups such as:

6282: 5871: 5798: 5778: 5692: 5641: 5399: 5379: 5189: 4783: 4751: 4637: 4617: 4531: 1738:

which guaranteed revenues of millions of euros for both organizations. Industrial waste left

1349:, another recently incarcerated, powerful crime boss in Milan with strong connections to the 1339: 1149: 1126: 1059: 1043: 384:

and other actions against corrupt politicians and judges; however it retains some influence.

72: 429:

Less than two months later, on July 19, 1992, the Mafia struck Falcone's replacement, Judge

367:

The Cosa Nostra has had influence in 'legitimate' power too, particularly under the corrupt

188:

The best-known Italian organized crime group is the Mafia or Sicilian Mafia (referred to as

6712: 6446: 6441: 6398: 5722: 5537: 5426: 5404: 5058: 4956: 4840: 4708: 4322:. John Phillips. The Times (London, England), Wednesday, July 29, 1992; pg. 8; Issue 64397. 4103: 4001:"Gomorra albanese: condannato il boss che si proclamava "Dio". A lui 18 anni, 16 al rivale" 1809: 1365: 1361: 1238: 1222: 1206: 1111: 1104: 1095: 957: 892: 539: 525: 505:

resulting in the murder of almost 400 men. Those opposed to drug trafficking lost the war.

352: 162: 146: 4109: 1270:, a powerful figure in the Milanese underworld in the 1970s. The group began as a smaller 409:

On May 23, 1992, the Sicilian Mafia struck Italian law enforcement. At approximately 6pm,

8: 6702: 6210: 6006: 5996: 5951: 5717: 5682: 5677: 5394: 5015: 4951: 4871: 4136: 3182:"Mafia capitale, il libro mastro del clan di Carminati e i "doppi" stipendi dei politici" 2256: 1843: 1835: 1783: 948: 501: 449: 6513: 4400: 1552:

gangs, among others. There is also a growing number of criminal groups originating from

707: 639:(SCU), or United Sacred Crown, is a Mafia-like criminal organization from the region of 115: 6717: 6496: 6481: 6305: 6205: 5981: 5966: 5946: 5803: 5744: 5697: 5619: 5476: 5446: 5436: 5411: 5384: 5291: 5284: 5220: 4976: 4971: 4688: 4100:

In a ruined city on the Italian coast, the Nigerian mafia is muscling in on the old mob

3700: 1932: 1561: 1436: 1267: 1231: 727: 636: 630: 609: 441: 402: 111: 4151:""The Black Axe" - investigation on the Neo-Black Movement´s international activities" 1646:, where it established alliances with the city's crime groups, in particular with the 1377:

in Milan and, like the Banda della Comasina, participating in robbery and kidnapping.

6707: 6682: 6491: 6143: 5931: 5921: 5793: 5707: 5672: 5599: 5589: 5367: 5237: 5151: 4981: 4961: 4935: 4923: 4718: 4713: 4698: 4693: 4678: 4382: 4300: 3755: 3692: 3651: 3596: 3318: 3246: 2917: 2610: 2488: 2463: 2367: 1979: 1906: 1695: 1647: 1577: 1402: 1346: 1218: 1202: 807: 341: 308: 248: 166: 6574: 3776:"'You can't tell people a place like this exists in Italy. No-one would believe it'" 1412:

The Italian crime groups (especially the Sicilian Mafia) have also connections with

538:

According to Naples public prosecutor Giovanni Melillo, during a 2023 speech of the

6418: 6325: 6310: 6292: 6138: 6055: 6001: 5823: 5773: 5754: 5749: 5702: 5609: 5547: 5527: 5515: 5471: 5274: 5254: 5242: 5105: 4986: 4703: 4566: 4558: 3684: 3673:"The Structure and the Content of Criminal Connections: The Russian Mafia in Italy" 2524: 1963: 1952: 1948: 1928: 1886: 1871: 1851: 1847: 1779: 1775: 1751: 1358: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1241:(English translation: Comasina Gang) was an organized crime group active mainly in 1114:(English translation: Magliana Gang) was an Italian criminal organization based in 916: 800: 532: 430: 414: 381: 377: 356: 6762: 6636: 5073: 3279: 1858:

against the Mafia starting in February 1986 and which lasted until December 1987.

1584: 580: 440:

In 1993, the authorities arrested Salvatore Riina, believed at the time to be the

260: 6734: 6646: 6566: 6466: 6461: 6247: 6215: 6148: 6123: 6086: 5911: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5788: 5712: 5574: 5093: 4991: 4876: 4776: 4683: 4514: 4492: 4470: 4451: 4429: 4407: 4356: 2848:"Come la Società Foggiana è diventata la mafia più brutale e sanguinosa d'Italia" 2797: 2770: 2745: 2442: 2434: 2421: 2357: 1959: 1672: 1557: 1533: 1417: 1385: 1290: 1186: 1015: 543: 482: 398: 391: 360: 348: 154: 135: 6631: 6106: 3589:"One of Italy's top drug dealers arrested in Brazil after five years on the run" 2095:"La Procura spiega il sistema-Roma: "È la 'Mafia Capitale', romana e originale"" 1706:, most of the Romanian criminals are involved in theft and pimping, however, in 492:

are unclear. It may date to the 17th century, however the first official use of

6692: 6677: 6606: 6523: 6508: 6476: 6471: 6361: 6351: 6155: 6111: 6101: 6044: 5991: 5961: 5906: 5813: 5687: 5634: 5594: 5264: 5259: 5110: 5010: 4966: 4918: 4866: 4820: 4788: 4746: 4723: 2011: 1944: 1918: 1894: 1839: 1825: 1821: 1805: 1727: 1681: 1625: 1537: 1529: 1525: 1482: 1432: 1424: 1413: 1350: 1255: 1190: 1182: 1176: 1164: 1070:

involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, and other criminal activities.

1052: 1008: 944: 904: 748: 591: 571: 551: 517: 461: 423: 410: 295: 272: 230: 226: 182: 92: 80: 2388: 1227: 6784: 6769: 6757: 6722: 6697: 6687: 6611: 6501: 6486: 6403: 6237: 6160: 5916: 5557: 5127: 4815: 4793: 4652: 3696: 3600: 3498:"Camorra, arrestato in Spagna boss del clan Contini: era in fuga da tre mesi" 3322: 3250: 2921: 1971: 1830: 1747: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1282: 908: 823: 559: 513: 509: 324: 4132:

A foreign mafia has come to Italy and further polarized the migration debate

3557: 1263:, the founding location of the organization. The group was led by the Milan 6739: 6729: 6590: 6220: 6034: 5841: 5646: 5416: 5020: 4886: 4835: 4810: 2750: 1999: 1490: 1374: 1318: 1137: 1027: 1019: 899:

province of Sicily. The Stidda's power bases are centered in the cities of

555: 457: 320: 312: 235: 1125:

The Magliana Gang was involved in criminal activities during the Italian "

264: 6423: 6133: 5936: 5876: 5846: 5199: 4830: 3897:"The growing Albanian Mafia: from the risk of area to the great alliaces" 3688: 1452: 1322: 1156: 1134: 968: 445: 373: 329: 316: 100: 3704: 3672: 779: 6651: 6451: 6200: 6165: 5194: 4803: 4049:"Trafficava eroina fra Bari e l'Albania. Arrestato latitante a Trieste" 2187:"Confesercenti, la crisi economica rende ancor più pericolosa la mafia" 1936: 1882: 1875: 1855: 1767: 1384:

In 1981, Turatello was assassinated in prison by order of Camorra boss

1326: 1286: 1275: 1264: 1100: 1023: 1000: 992: 986: 845:

operating in the Carbonara, Ceglie del Campo and Loseto districts, the

726:-type criminal organization. They are operating in a large part of the 667: 304: 178: 174: 4508:

La Cassazione conferma la sentenza: Sedici ergastoli contro i Casalesi

3528:"CrimiNapoli / 28: come la Spagna divenne rifugio dei clan di camorra" 1762: 1642:

The Albanian mafia is very active in the drug business in the city of

6556: 6541: 6413: 6227: 1991: 1743: 1509: 1505: 1464: 1314: 1294: 1250: 1160: 1141: 896: 743: 542:, the most powerful groups of the Camorra in the present day are the 307:

as well as its unification with mainland Italy. Under feudalism, the

300: 291:, which were often used as hiding places for refugees and criminals. 43:

Incidence of organized crime's extortion in Italy by province in 2012

1588:

Elvis Demce, one of the main leaders of the Albanian mafia in Italy.

799:. Its mainly a confederations between clans, which are dedicated to 5851: 5836: 5831: 5732: 4766: 4761: 3975:"La piazza di spaccio dei Castelli contesa tra italiani e albanesi" 3628:"Le mafie straniere in Italia. Ecco le più pericolose e cosa fanno" 3440:"Mafia nel Regno unito: la relazione della Dia | Il Tacco d'Italia" 3311:"Italy mafia networks are more complex and powerful, says minister" 1861: 1633: 1628:. The Albanian mafia is highly involved in the drug trafficking in 1621: 1613: 1609: 1497: 1260: 1119: 1031: 595: 208: 96: 88: 4194:"Torino, 15 romeni condannati per mafia: la prima volta in Italia" 3350:"L'Olanda: una narco-colonia della 'Ndrangheta a nord dell'Europa" 3155: 2310:"Crime Statistics – Murders (per capita) (more recent) by country" 1048: 478: 387: 344:

smuggling with Corsican criminals and the Italian-American Mafia.

39: 6456: 6393: 4798: 4523: 3730:

Vergine (info.nodes), Davide Del Monte, Gloria Riva and Stefano.

2089: 2087: 1987: 1975: 1923: 1898: 1867: 1813: 1677: 1460: 1456: 1428: 1389: 1354: 1334: 1271: 1026:. The name gained renewed fame through the second chapter of the 1004: 912: 739: 678:

fraction of its former power, which peaked around the mid-1990s.

671: 663: 605: 489: 473: 434: 418: 288: 284: 212:

the world, all relatively low figures among developed countries.

84: 4277:"Rifiuti, scoperto un traffico di plastica da Prato a Hong Kong" 2249:"Rapporto Censis: 13 milioni di italiani convivono con la mafia" 576: 6551: 6518: 6315: 5491: 2910:"Puglia crimewave points to emergence of 'fifth' Italian mafia" 2879:"Puglia crimewave points to emergence of 'fifth' Italian mafia" 2280:"Mafia's influence hovers over 13 m Italians, says report" 1914: 1905:. The trial lasted from 10 February 1986 (the first day of the 1902: 1817: 1605: 1601: 1593: 1501: 1475: 1468: 884: 878: 735: 731: 648: 640: 200: 158: 127: 123: 104: 3239:"Acquitted in 'Pizza Connection' Trial, Man Remains in Prison" 2084: 2062:"Impatto della criminalità organizzata sul territorio laziale" 1212: 4771: 4554: 4350:

Giovanni Falcone, Paolo Borsellino and the Procura of Palermo

3732:"Murder, Drugs and Extortion in Tuscany's Chinese Underworld" 1739: 1735: 1707: 1703: 1617: 1395: 1242: 1194: 996: 925: 723: 323:

steadily sold off or rented their lands to private citizens.

193: 170: 139: 131: 76: 2578:"Italian Police Make Over 100 Arrests in Massive Mafia Bust" 2415:

Economic Origins of the Mafia and Patronage System in Sicily

279:, means a beautiful or attractive female. The Sicilian word 6300: 5279: 4756: 1671:

The Nigerian mafia has a strong presence throughout Italy.

1643: 1629: 1278: 1198: 1115: 920: 900: 792: 340:

US-connected trafficking; a famous example of this are the

150: 119: 4464:

Godfathers of €25bn mafia family get life after epic trial

791:" are organized crime groups that operates in the city of 311:

owned most of the land and enforced the law through their

2437:

CEPR Discussion Papers 3123, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

1757: 857:

of the Poggio Franco and San Pasquale neighborhoods, the

841:

of the Libertà, Carrassi and San Pasquale districts, the

754:

The most powerful clans inside the Società Foggiana are:

512:

ran the then-largest open-air market in Europe, based in

4246:"Così la mafia cinese se la intende con la camorra" 1939:; the convictions were upheld on 30 January 1992 by the 865:

operating in Carrassi, Picone and San Pasquale, and the

27:

Prevalent criminal organizations and activities in Italy

4486:

La Cassazione conferma le condanne al clan dei Casalesi

2757: 2739:

John Hooper on the Calabrian Mob that really runs Italy

1640:, arrested in 2022 and sentenced to 18 years in jail. 1519: 1259:. Their name is derived from the Milan neighborhood of 275:. In reference to a woman, however, the feminine-form, 2359:

The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection

1516:

in particular having established a strong settlement.

975: 145:

Four other Italian organized crime groups, namely the

1746:. Among the clans involved in this alliance were the 1447:, which is itself an offshoot of the Sicilian Mafia. 347:

The Sicilian Mafia has evolved into an international

207:

which have a strong Mafia presence, where 13 million

6085: 4401:

Il maxiprocesso Spartacus e il silenzio della stampa

3188:. Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana. 4 December 2014. 2101:. Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana. 2 December 2014. 1616:, expanding its drug trafficking operations also in 1423:

Those currently active in the United States are the

806:

There are three main clans in the city of Bari: the

30:"Italian Mafia" redirects here. For other uses, see 5038:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

3465:Civillini, Matteo; Anesi, Cecilia; Rubino, Giulio. 3156:"Fifth Column: Italy's Fifth Mafia, the Basilischi" 2641: 822:, operating mainly in the Japigia district and the 3031:"Il clan Parisi torna in cella - la Repubblica.it" 2487:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 161. 2485:Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style 2156:"Mafia crime is 7% of GDP in Italy, group reports" 3558:"Huge seizure of 'Ndrangheta drugs from Colombia" 3354:Antimafia Duemila | Fondatore Giorgio Bongiovanni 2602: 2386: 1994:, who led a rebellion of slaves beginning in old 401:, also known as "Toto Riina". In Sicily the term 359:and is the most powerful and most active Italian 6782: 3729: 3464: 2302: 1159:, a grand-master of the illegal and underground 2255:(in Italian). Antimafia Duemila. Archived from 1990:. It was named after the historical gladiator, 1066:Canal, which was used to transport contraband. 524:inspired the current Italian television series 4423:«Processo Spartacus», 16 ergastoli ai Casalesi 2129:direzioneinvestigativaantimafia.interno.gov.it 1792:Direzione Nazionale Antimafia e Antiterrorismo 6071: 4539: 4345: 4343: 4341: 2876: 2733: 2731: 2448: 2184: 1824:. An informal pool had been created by Judge 814:, operating mainly in the northern area, the 351:group. It specializes in heroin trafficking, 201: 4440: 4438: 3760:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2603:Montanelli, Indro; Gervaso, Roberto (1969). 2551:"Museum of Learning -- Mafia: Current Clans" 2460:Cosa Nostra: A History of the Sicilian Mafia 2349: 2215: 263:", but can also be translated as "boldness, 4305:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3656:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1909:) to 30 January 1992 (the final day of the 1213:Banda della Comasina and the Turatello Crew 448:. Control of the organization then fell to 6078: 6064: 4546: 4532: 4338: 4325: 4320:Italy seeks worldwide help in war on Mafia 3236: 3149: 3147: 2764:Italian Organised Crime: Threat Assessment 2728: 2218:"Italy claims finally defeating the mafia" 2147: 1829:risk, such as the one that had cost Judge 1396:Italian criminal groups in other countries 999:-type criminal organization active in the 192:by members). As the original group named " 4457: 4435: 4432:, Corriere del Mezzogiorno, June 20, 2008 4413: 3834: 3495: 3308: 3120:Francklin, Eleonora (14 September 2023). 3119: 2845: 2817:"La Mafia di Foggia è la "nuova Gomorra"" 2246: 1874:(in sunglasses) is led into court at the 853:operating in the San Paolo district, the 837:Other clans present in the city are: the 4391: 4362: 4169:"Expat Romanians: their own worst enemy" 2703: 2427: 2355: 2066:Rivista Antiriciclaggio & Compliance 1860: 1761: 1583: 1226: 1099: 1047: 1037: 778: 575: 477: 386: 332:– from 2,000 in 1812 to 20,000 by 1861. 234: 38: 4495:, Corriere della Sera, January 15, 2010 3625: 3144: 2704:Mangione, Antonio (15 September 2023). 2675:"Roberto Saviano: Spain in mafia hands" 2575: 2407: 2328: 2277: 1122:, from which most of its members came. 1089: 215: 138:, the Spada and the Fasciani clan from 14: 6783: 4454:, Sydney Morning Herald, June 21, 2008 4287:from the original on 18 September 2020 3670: 3347: 2672: 2642:Schumpeter (column) (27 August 2016). 2519: 2517: 2454: 2153: 1758:Fight against organized crime in Italy 834:operating mainly in the Borgo Antico. 6059: 4527: 4256:from the original on 23 November 2020 3586: 3568:from the original on 16 February 2021 3390:from the original on 13 February 2024 3309:Giuffrida, Angela (30 October 2019). 3274: 3272: 2976: 2907: 2654:from the original on 8 September 2017 2584:from the original on 24 December 2013 2482: 2395:from the original on 15 February 2013 2387:HachetteAustralia (9 February 2011). 2334:This etymology is based on the books 2290:from the original on 8 September 2013 1148:(NAR), the group responsible for the 1014:An ancient term, used as far back as 787:Bari crime groups also known as the " 624: 619: 5084:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 4274: 4102:Emma Alberici and Giulia Sirignani, 3899:. Gnosis.aisi.gov.it. Archived from 3162:from the original on 2 November 2023 3101:from the original on 25 January 2024 3071:from the original on 28 January 2023 2958:from the original on 19 January 2020 2716:from the original on 13 October 2023 2635: 2557:from the original on 11 January 2012 2105:from the original on 25 October 2023 2042:from the original on 5 February 2024 1520:Non-Italian criminal groups in Italy 774: 4445:Camorra get terms they can't refuse 4375: 4134:Chico Harlan and Stefano Pitrelli, 3816:from the original on 8 October 2023 3204: 2846:Civillini, Matteo (21 March 2016). 2685:from the original on 1 October 2019 2673:Farano, Adriano (16 October 2007). 2531:from the original on 7 October 2010 2514: 2389:"John Dickie on Blood Brotherhoods" 2125:"Direzione Investigativa Antimafia" 1893:) was a criminal trial against the 1846:, who formalized the pool. Next to 1834:on 6 August 1980, on the orders of 1201:. It was founded in early 2000s by 1193:, that originated in the region of 976:Defunct or severely weakened groups 935:in the Caltanissetta province, and 795:and in the surrounding area of the 701: 550:. The latter is an alliance of the 24: 4553: 3786:from the original on 11 March 2023 3742:from the original on 11 March 2023 3711:from the original on 11 March 2023 3538:from the original on 21 March 2024 3508:from the original on 21 March 2024 3290:from the original on 29 March 2019 3269: 3237:Blumenthal, Ralph (28 July 1988). 3132:from the original on 21 March 2024 3041:from the original on 21 March 2024 2827:from the original on 9 August 2020 2606:L'Italia del Seicento. (1600-1700) 2312:. NationMaster.com. Archived from 2228:from the original on 29 April 2011 2197:from the original on 27 April 2011 2185:Claudio Tucci (11 November 2008). 2072:from the original on 22 March 2024 1666:Organised crime in Nigeria § Italy 956:such as those loyal to slain Capo 590:(meaning courage or loyalty), the 25: 6807: 6376:Comité Régional d'Action Viticole 3877:from the original on 9 April 2024 3607:from the original on 12 June 2020 3192:from the original on 17 June 2015 3153: 3097:(in Italian). 11 September 2022. 3037:(in Italian). 24 September 2008. 2858:from the original on 12 June 2020 2805:from the original on 31 May 2020. 2154:Kiefer, Peter (22 October 2007). 1788:Direzione Investigativa Antimafia 1717: 1688: 1658: 1570: 1364:(as well as possible ties to the 1281:, and continued to specialize in 1170: 1007:in 1994 with the approval of the 516:. The former leader of the clan, 220: 6040: 6039: 6028: 4517:, La Repubblica, 15 January 2010 4410:, Cuntrastamu, 30 September 2005 3477:from the original on 3 June 2020 3446:from the original on 4 June 2020 3420:from the original on 16 May 2023 3360:from the original on 6 June 2023 3329:from the original on 20 May 2020 2928:from the original on 31 May 2020 2889:from the original on 31 May 2020 1694:This section is an excerpt from 1664:This section is an excerpt from 1576:This section is an excerpt from 500:The Camorra also specializes in 81:the southern part of the country 5769:Orders, decorations, and medals 4498: 4476: 4473:, The Independent, 20 June 2008 4313: 4268: 4238: 4212: 4186: 4161: 4143: 4125: 4116:Migration of the Nigerian mafia 4093: 4067: 4041: 4019: 3993: 3967: 3941: 3915: 3889: 3859: 3847:from the original on 6 May 2024 3828: 3798: 3768: 3723: 3664: 3638:from the original on 6 May 2024 3619: 3580: 3550: 3520: 3489: 3458: 3432: 3402: 3386:(in Italian). 1 February 2024. 3372: 3341: 3302: 3284:Federal Bureau of Investigation 3257:from the original on 2 May 2019 3230: 3174: 3113: 3083: 3053: 3023: 2997: 2970: 2940: 2901: 2870: 2839: 2809: 2776: 2773:, Europol, The Hague, June 2013 2697: 2666: 2623:from the original on 6 May 2024 2596: 2569: 2543: 2525:"FBI – Italian Organized Crime" 2501: 2476: 2380: 2278:Kington, Tom (1 October 2009). 2216:Nick Squires (9 January 2010). 2193:(in Italian). Ilsole24ore.com. 2166:from the original on 1 May 2011 2068:(in Italian). 11 October 2023. 1441:Federal Bureau of Investigation 849:operating in Poggiofranco, the 18:Criminal organizations in Italy 4155:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 4029:(in Italian). 12 December 2019 3812:(in Italian). 2 October 2023. 3587:Tondo, Lorenzo (8 July 2019). 3496:Redazione (31 December 2023). 3348:Grossi, Luca (4 August 2022). 2908:Tondo, Lorenzo (19 May 2020). 2271: 2240: 2209: 2178: 2117: 2054: 2024: 1978:. The trial was opened at the 1439:or "United Sacred Crown". The 947:, Salvatore "Toto" Riina, and 565: 376:, the campaign by magistrates 259:) roughly translates to mean " 13: 1: 6796:Organized crime-related lists 6243:Kinahan Organised Crime Group 4200:(in Italian). 27 October 2014 4055:(in Italian). 6 December 2019 3534:(in Italian). 30 April 2022. 3467:"How the Camorra Went Global" 3442:(in Italian). 15 April 2020. 2877:Lorenzo Tondo (19 May 2020). 2576:Santana, Jen (19 July 2013). 2038:(in Italian). 13 April 2023. 2017: 1812:at the Prosecuting Office of 1144:organizations, including the 980: 769:Moretti-Pellegrino-Lanza clan 522:Scissionisti di Secondigliano 3873:(in Italian). 9 April 2024. 3677:European Sociological Review 2247:Maria Loi (1 October 2009). 586:Derived from the Greek word 7: 6196:Clerkenwell crime syndicate 5809:Water supply and sanitation 5233:Italian geographical region 5101:Monarchy and the World Wars 5043:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 4929:War of the Sicilian Vespers 4582:Timeline of Italian history 4275:TG24, Sky (26 April 2017). 3955:(in Italian). 14 March 2024 3626:Tp24.it (14 October 2023). 3035:Archivio - la Repubblica.it 2005: 1514:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan 1253:in the 1970s and 1980s, or 1146:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari 10: 6812: 6233:Hutch Organized Crime Gang 5728:Inventions and discoveries 5138:Fall of the Fascist regime 5121:Fourth War of Independence 5079:Expedition of the Thousand 5069:Second War of Independence 3416:(in Italian). 4 May 2023. 2823:(in Italian). 9 May 2019. 2364:Princeton University Press 1911:Supreme Court of Cassation 1693: 1663: 1575: 1216: 1174: 1093: 1041: 984: 876: 628: 569: 471: 467: 267:". In reference to a man, 247:originated in Sicily. The 224: 134:crime groups, such as the 29: 6750: 6670: 6622: 6599: 6583: 6565: 6532: 6432: 6384: 6342: 6324: 6291: 6268: 6176: 6094: 6024: 5822: 5668: 5659: 5523: 5514: 5502:Security and intelligence 5375: 5366: 5228: 5219: 5162: 5089:Third War of Independence 5064:First War of Independence 5051: 4944: 4853: 4734: 4671: 4590: 4574: 4565: 3835:Redazione (31 May 2019). 3671:Varese, Federico (2013). 2356:Gambetta, Diego (1996) . 1810:investigating magistrates 1371:Nuova Camorra Organizzata 872: 869:operating in Madonnella. 283:refers to the caves near 6791:Organized crime in Italy 5180:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 5175:Institutional referendum 4491:26 December 2023 at the 4450:16 February 2017 at the 2433:Oriana Bandiera (2002). 1984:Santa Maria Capua Vetere 1726:and the Camorra and the 1205:from the remains of the 730:, including the city of 6357:Gang de la Brise de Mer 5703:Emigration and diaspora 4912:Guelphs and Ghibellines 4897:the Sardinian Judicates 4355:21 October 2012 at the 4120:University of Cape Town 3841:myNews Termoli e Molise 3414:Corriere della Calabria 2744:1 December 2016 at the 2609:(in Italian). Rizzoli. 2483:Paoli, Letizia (2003). 2342:by Diego Gambetta, and 1342:motorway respectively. 1247:Milan metropolitan area 764:Sinesi-Francavilla clan 594:formed in the 1890s in 75:have been prevalent in 6117:Gang of Pusi i Mezinit 5585:Science and technology 5533:Italian regions by GDP 5334:Marine protected areas 5006:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 4406:9 January 2010 at the 2977:Ondaradio, Redazione. 2462:. Hodder. p. 39. 1967: 1941:Supreme Court of Italy 1890: 1878: 1770: 1754:and the Ascione clan. 1696:Romanian mafia § Italy 1589: 1578:Albanian mafia § Italy 1445:Italian-American Mafia 1407:Pizza Connection Trial 1234: 1107: 1055: 784: 583: 548:Secondigliano Alliance 485: 394: 240: 202: 73:Criminal organizations 69: 32:Mafia (disambiguation) 5784:Public administration 4892:the Holy Roman Empire 4513:25 April 2024 at the 3562:www.italianinsider.it 1913:), and was held in a 1864: 1850:, the group included 1765: 1587: 1230: 1150:1980 Bologna massacre 1103: 1060:Nuova Mala del Brenta 1051: 1044:Nuova Mala del Brenta 1038:Nuova Mala del Brenta 859:Mercante-Diomede clan 818:, headed by the boss 812:Domenico Strisciuglio 782: 579: 481: 390: 238: 42: 6713:Solntsevskaya Bratva 6447:Banda della Comasina 6442:Banda della Magliana 6399:Al-Zein crime family 6278:Krejčíř organization 6012:World Heritage Sites 5467:Council of Ministers 5205:Coronavirus pandemic 4603:Currency and coinage 4428:3 March 2016 at the 2769:22 July 2016 at the 2316:on 29 September 2008 1998:against the ancient 1366:Banda della Magliana 1362:Gambino crime family 1239:Banda della Comasina 1223:Banda della Comasina 1207:Banda della Magliana 1112:Banda della Magliana 1105:Banda della Magliana 1096:Banda della Magliana 1090:Banda della Magliana 958:Giuseppe Di Cristina 893:Palma di Montechiaro 540:Antimafia Commission 369:Christian Democratic 353:political corruption 216:Largest crime groups 163:Banda della Comasina 147:Banda della Magliana 130:from Sicily and the 6662:Södertäljenätverket 6283:Mrázek organization 6211:Quality Street Gang 5543:Automotive industry 5482:Metropolitan cities 5028:Early Modern period 5001:Kingdom of Sardinia 4952:Italian city-states 4469:20 May 2011 at the 4198:Corriere della Sera 4137:The Washington Post 3953:Corriere della Sera 3871:notizie.virgilio.it 3384:Il Fatto Quotidiano 2222:The Daily Telegraph 2135:on 15 February 2019 2036:Corriere della Sera 1897:that took place in 1844:Antonino Caponnetto 1836:Salvatore Inzerillo 1784:Antonino Caponnetto 1003:region, founded in 949:Bernardo Provenzano 810:headed by the boss 502:cigarette smuggling 488:The origins of the 450:Bernardo Provenzano 294:The genesis of the 6718:Tambovskaya Bratva 6671:Post-Soviet states 6657:Original Gangsters 6497:Sardinian banditry 6482:Sacra Corona Unita 6206:Lyons Crime Family 5605:Telecommunications 4972:Maritime republics 4370:Excellent Cadavers 3903:on 26 October 2014 3689:10.1093/esr/jcs067 3243:The New York Times 2983:www.retegargano.it 2644:"Mafia management" 2441:2012-03-19 at the 2420:2011-07-20 at the 2340:The Sicilian Mafia 2338:by Gaia Servadio, 2160:The New York Times 1968:Processo Spartacus 1933:Salvatore Contorno 1879: 1771: 1590: 1437:Sacra Corona Unita 1268:Renato Vallanzasca 1235: 1232:Renato Vallanzasca 1108: 1056: 785: 728:Province of Foggia 637:Sacra Corona Unita 631:Sacra Corona Unita 625:Sacra Corona Unita 620:Other crime groups 610:Guardia di Finanza 584: 497:respective areas. 486: 442:capo di tutti capi 403:Excellent Cadavers 395: 319:. After 1812, the 241: 122:crime groups from 112:Sacra Corona Unita 70: 6778: 6777: 6708:Orekhovskaya gang 6683:Azerbaijani mafia 6492:Strisciuglio clan 6144:Montenegrin mafia 6053: 6052: 6020: 6019: 5655: 5654: 5590:Southern question 5510: 5509: 5442:Political parties 5390:Foreign relations 5362: 5361: 5215: 5214: 4936:Kingdom of Naples 4924:Kingdom of Sicily 4387:978-88-7796-845-6 4157:. 17 August 2020. 3782:. 16 March 2020. 3280:"Organized Crime" 3212:"Notte Criminale" 2469:978-0-340-93526-2 1766:A hearing of the 1648:Strisciuglio clan 1487:Amato-Pagano clan 1403:French Connection 1347:Francis Turatello 1219:Francis Turatello 1203:Massimo Carminati 1185:was a mafia-type 1074:in recent years. 855:Fiore-Risoli clan 808:Strisciuglio clan 797:Metropolitan City 775:Bari crime groups 759:Trisciuoglio clan 342:French Connection 16:(Redirected from 6803: 6703:Brothers' Circle 6514:Società foggiana 6419:Osmanen Germania 6311:Loyal to Familia 6139:Macedonian mafia 6089:groups in Europe 6080: 6073: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6043: 6042: 6035:Italy portal 6032: 6031: 5972:National symbols 5666: 5665: 5521: 5520: 5373: 5372: 5226: 5225: 5106:Kingdom of Italy 5033:Napoleonic Italy 4572: 4571: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4518: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4461: 4455: 4442: 4433: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4379: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4347: 4336: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4147: 4141: 4129: 4123: 4118:Carla Bernardo, 4113: 4107: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3759: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3655: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3532:www.ilmattino.it 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3214:. Archived from 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3151: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2774: 2761: 2755: 2735: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2512: 2509:Men of Dishonour 2505: 2499: 2498: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2452: 2446: 2445:, 2001, pp. 8–10 2431: 2425: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2353: 2347: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2259:on 29 April 2011 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2131:. Archived from 2121: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2091: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2028: 1953:Paolo Borsellino 1949:Giovanni Falcone 1929:Tommaso Buscetta 1927:, in particular 1872:Tommaso Buscetta 1852:Paolo Borsellino 1848:Giovanni Falcone 1838:. In July 1983, 1800: 1780:Paolo Borsellino 1776:Giovanni Falcone 1359:Italian-American 1311:contract killing 1307:drug trafficking 1303:illegal gambling 1299:arms trafficking 1197:and its capital 1030:saga, where the 867:Rafaschieri clan 828:Antonio Capriati 801:drug trafficking 710:- also known as 708:Società foggiana 702:Società foggiana 533:money laundering 431:Paolo Borsellino 415:Giovanni Falcone 382:Paolo Borsellino 378:Giovanni Falcone 357:arms trafficking 205: 169:, both based in 116:Società foggiana 79:, especially in 66: 60: 54: 48: 21: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6746: 6735:Ukrainian mafia 6666: 6647:Fucked For Life 6618: 6595: 6579: 6561: 6534:The Netherlands 6528: 6467:Mala del Brenta 6462:Casamonica clan 6428: 6380: 6338: 6320: 6287: 6264: 6248:McCarthy-Dundon 6216:Richardson Gang 6172: 6149:Frankfurt mafia 6124:Bulgarian mafia 6090: 6087:Organized crime 6084: 6054: 6049: 6029: 6016: 5987:Public holidays 5818: 5764:Life expectancy 5651: 5506: 5422:Law enforcement 5358: 5211: 5158: 5147:Social Republic 5111:Colonial Empire 5094:Capture of Rome 5047: 4940: 4849: 4742:Ancient peoples 4730: 4667: 4628:Historic states 4586: 4561: 4552: 4522: 4521: 4515:Wayback Machine 4504: 4503: 4499: 4493:Wayback Machine 4482: 4481: 4477: 4471:Wayback Machine 4462: 4458: 4452:Wayback Machine 4443: 4436: 4430:Wayback Machine 4419: 4418: 4414: 4408:Wayback Machine 4397: 4396: 4392: 4380: 4376: 4367: 4363: 4357:Wayback Machine 4348: 4339: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4288: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4250:www.ilfoglio.it 4244: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4130: 4126: 4114: 4110: 4106:(16 March 2020) 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3669: 3665: 3649: 3648: 3641: 3639: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3278: 3277: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3218:on 8 March 2011 3210: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3152: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3118: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2906: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2801:. 19 May 2020. 2798:TheGuardian.com 2791: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2771:Wayback Machine 2762: 2758: 2746:Wayback Machine 2736: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2640: 2636: 2626: 2624: 2617: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2580:. Interpacket. 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2515: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2481: 2477: 2470: 2453: 2449: 2443:Wayback Machine 2432: 2428: 2422:Wayback Machine 2413:Jason Sardell, 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2385: 2381: 2374: 2354: 2350: 2346:by John Dickie. 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2008: 1960:Spartacus Trial 1808:was a group of 1794: 1760: 1752:Fabbrocino clan 1742:and arrived in 1720: 1715: 1714: 1699: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1673:Castel Volturno 1669: 1661: 1656: 1655: 1581: 1573: 1558:Central America 1522: 1418:Lavezzi Islands 1398: 1386:Raffaele Cutolo 1291:truck hijacking 1225: 1217:Main articles: 1215: 1187:crime syndicate 1179: 1173: 1163:lodge known as 1098: 1092: 1046: 1040: 1016:Pliny the Elder 989: 983: 978: 881: 875: 777: 704: 684: 656:Giuseppe Rogoli 633: 627: 622: 574: 568: 544:Mazzarella clan 483:Raffaele Cutolo 476: 470: 399:Salvatore Riina 392:Salvatore Riina 361:organized crime 355:, and military 349:organized crime 317:manorial courts 233: 225:Main articles: 223: 218: 155:Mala del Brenta 68: 64: 62: 58: 56: 52: 50: 46: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6809: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6695: 6693:Georgian mafia 6690: 6685: 6680: 6678:Armenian mafia 6674: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6628: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6607:Galician mafia 6603: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6575:Pruszków mafia 6571: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6524:White Uno Gang 6521: 6516: 6511: 6509:Sicilian Mafia 6506: 6505: 6504: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6472:Mafia Capitale 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6438: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6362:Petit Bar Gang 6359: 6352:Corsican mafia 6348: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6330: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6188: 6182: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6168: 6158: 6156:Romanian mafia 6153: 6152: 6151: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6112:Gang of Gaxhai 6109: 6102:Albanian mafia 6098: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6083: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6037: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5595:Stock exchange 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5497:Municipalities 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5457:Prime Minister 5454: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5344:Regional parks 5341: 5339:National parks 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5248:Climate change 5240: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5113: 5108: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5013: 5011:Duchy of Savoy 5008: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4921: 4919:Lombard League 4916: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4841:Western Empire 4833: 4828: 4826:Roman conquest 4823: 4818: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4747:Italic peoples 4738: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4551: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4528: 4520: 4519: 4497: 4475: 4456: 4434: 4412: 4390: 4374: 4361: 4337: 4324: 4312: 4283:(in Italian). 4267: 4252:(in Italian). 4237: 4226:. 22 June 2013 4211: 4185: 4173:theblacksea.eu 4160: 4142: 4140:(25 June 2019) 4124: 4108: 4092: 4066: 4040: 4018: 3992: 3966: 3940: 3914: 3888: 3858: 3843:(in Italian). 3827: 3797: 3767: 3722: 3683:(5): 899–909. 3663: 3634:(in Italian). 3618: 3579: 3549: 3519: 3504:(in Italian). 3502:Anteprima24.it 3488: 3457: 3431: 3401: 3371: 3356:(in Italian). 3340: 3301: 3268: 3229: 3203: 3173: 3143: 3128:(in Italian). 3112: 3082: 3067:(in Italian). 3052: 3022: 2996: 2969: 2954:(in Italian). 2939: 2900: 2869: 2854:(in Italian). 2838: 2808: 2784: 2775: 2756: 2727: 2712:(in Italian). 2710:Internapoli.it 2696: 2665: 2634: 2615: 2595: 2568: 2542: 2513: 2500: 2493: 2475: 2468: 2447: 2426: 2406: 2379: 2372: 2348: 2327: 2301: 2270: 2239: 2208: 2177: 2146: 2116: 2083: 2053: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2012:Crime in Italy 2007: 2004: 1980:Corte d'Assise 1945:Sicilian Mafia 1907:Corte d'Assise 1895:Sicilian Mafia 1840:Rocco Chinnici 1826:Rocco Chinnici 1822:Sicilian Mafia 1806:Antimafia Pool 1759: 1756: 1728:Port of Naples 1719: 1718:Chinese triads 1716: 1700: 1692: 1690: 1689:Romanian mafia 1687: 1682:Sicilian Mafia 1670: 1662: 1660: 1659:Nigerian mafia 1657: 1626:Emilia-Romagna 1582: 1574: 1572: 1571:Albanian mafia 1569: 1560:, such as the 1542:Chinese Triads 1521: 1518: 1483:Polverino clan 1425:Sicilian Mafia 1414:Corsican gangs 1397: 1394: 1351:Sicilian Mafia 1285:, kidnapping, 1256:anni di piombo 1214: 1211: 1191:secret society 1183:Mafia Capitale 1177:Mafia Capitale 1175:Main article: 1172: 1171:Mafia Capitale 1169: 1165:Propaganda Due 1131:anni di piombo 1094:Main article: 1091: 1088: 1053:Felice Maniero 1042:Main article: 1039: 1036: 985:Main article: 982: 979: 977: 974: 945:Luciano Leggio 887:(Sicilian for 877:Main article: 874: 871: 843:Di Cosola clan 776: 773: 772: 771: 766: 761: 742:a day, and an 712:Mafia Foggiana 703: 700: 699: 698: 695: 691: 629:Main article: 626: 623: 621: 618: 570:Main article: 567: 564: 518:Paolo Di Lauro 472:Main article: 469: 466: 462:Sicilian Mafia 424:Capaci bombing 313:private armies 296:Sicilian Mafia 273:Diego Gambetta 231:American Mafia 227:Sicilian Mafia 222: 221:Sicilian mafia 219: 217: 214: 183:Mafia Capitale 167:Turatello Crew 63: 57: 51: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6808: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6770:Kurdish mafia 6768: 6764: 6763:Söylemez Gang 6761: 6760: 6759: 6758:Turkish mafia 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6724: 6723:Uralmash gang 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6698:Russian mafia 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6688:Chechen mafia 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6637:Dödspatrullen 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6613: 6612:Los Charlines 6610: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6502:Anonima sarda 6500: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6487:Capriati clan 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6404:Black Jackets 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6260:Satans Slaves 6258: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6238:Keane-Collopy 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6191:British firms 6189: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6178:British Isles 6175: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6161:Serbian mafia 6159: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6129:Bosnian mafia 6127: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6069: 6067: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6046: 6038: 6036: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 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4494: 4490: 4487: 4479: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4334: 4333:The Antimafia 4328: 4321: 4316: 4308: 4302: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4122:(16 May 2017) 4121: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4028: 4022: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3815: 3811: 3810:la Repubblica 3807: 3801: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3763: 3757: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3726: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3471:www.occrp.org 3468: 3461: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3344: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3161: 3157: 3154:Sergi, Anna. 3150: 3148: 3131: 3127: 3126:Quinto Potere 3123: 3116: 3100: 3096: 3095:la Repubblica 3092: 3086: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3010: 3006: 3000: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2788: 2779: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2737:John Hooper, 2734: 2732: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2653: 2649: 2648:The Economist 2645: 2638: 2622: 2618: 2616:9788817420112 2612: 2608: 2607: 2599: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2556: 2552: 2546: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2518: 2510: 2504: 2496: 2494:0-19-515724-9 2490: 2486: 2479: 2471: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2373:0-674-80742-1 2369: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2352: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2196: 2192: 2191:Confesercenti 2188: 2181: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2090: 2088: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972:Casalesi clan 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1831:Gaetano Costa 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1764: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1748:Casalesi clan 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1667: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 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929: 927: 922: 918: 914: 910: 909:Caltanissetta 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 880: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 825: 824:Capriati clan 821: 820:Savino Parisi 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 781: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 756: 755: 752: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 716:Foggian mafia 713: 709: 696: 692: 690:interference; 688: 687: 686: 683: 679: 675: 673: 669: 665: 659: 657: 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 632: 617: 613: 611: 607: 602: 599: 597: 593: 589: 582: 581:Antonio Macrì 578: 573: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 514:Secondigliano 511: 510:Di Lauro clan 506: 503: 498: 495: 491: 484: 480: 475: 465: 463: 459: 454: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 427: 425: 422:known as the 420: 416: 412: 407: 404: 400: 393: 389: 385: 383: 379: 375: 370: 365: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 337: 333: 331: 326: 325:Primogeniture 322: 321:feudal barons 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 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