211:, the Cromerian was originally thought to be a period without major glaciations. However, there is evidence for ice-rafting of material across the North Sea from this period. Investigations in the 1950s of oxygene isotopes in deep sea core samples revealed five glacial cycles during MIS 22 - MIS 13. The
145:
to MIS 10 instead of MIS 12, while keeping the
Cromerian running up to the start of the Elsterian. The result is an end to the Cromerian stage in continental Europe at the end of MIS 11 (400 ka ago), and that the continental Cromerian continues beyond its end in Britain and Ireland and runs in
215:
to the 100,000 year glacial cycle became established during the
Cromerian. Four of the glaciations (MIS 22, MIS 20, MIS 18, MIS 14) were moderate, probably involving low-land glaciation in Scandinavia, but not spreading to England and northern Germany. One of the glaciations,
387:
Lee et al. (2011), The
Glacial History of the British Isles during the early and Middle Pleistocene: Implications for the long-term development of the British Ice Sheet, Quaternary Glaciations-Extent and Chronology, pages 59-74,
102:
41:
191:
Proposals for structuring the
Cromerian complex have become quite confusing. Great potential for a full breakdown has been provided by the extensive, continental series at
188:. At this time, the Cromerian is correlated with the period of time, which includes the Pre-Illinoian C, Pre-Illinoian D, and Pre-Illinoian E glaciations of North America.
133:(MIS) this corresponds to MIS 19 to MIS 13. Some authors instead put the start at MIS 22, corresponding to a start 900 ka ago, which includes the last 100 ka of the
529:
608:
561:
256:
554:
306:
399:
467:
534:
659:
547:
232:
and believed to correspond to MIS 16. It is not clear why western Europe seems so unaffected by this major glacial.
56:
glacial history of north-western Europe, mostly occurring more than half a million years ago. It is named after the
498:
177:
17:
539:
431:
Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the
Central Plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri
228:). There is plenty of evidence in Russia for a major glaciation during this stage, which is called the
212:
92:
glacials and show an absence of glacial deposits in western Europe, which led to the historical terms
307:
Böse et al. (2012), Quaternary
Glaciations of Northern Europe, Quaternary Science Reviews 44, 1-25.
68:
where interglacial deposits that accumulated during part of this stage were first discovered. The
217:
184:, and Nebraskan, have been abandoned by North American Quaternary geologists and merged into the
487:
674:
628:
613:
272:
245:
225:
113:). It is now known that the Cromerian consisted of multiple glacial and interglacial periods.
633:
669:
598:
338:
130:
326:
8:
478:
Thomas Litt, Karl-Ernst Behre, Klaus-Dieter Meyer, Hans-Jürgen
Stephan und Stefan Wansa:
241:
342:
364:
204:
122:
664:
638:
618:
483:
463:
386:
318:
282:
181:
142:
134:
89:
77:
368:
623:
354:
346:
221:
138:
482:
Eiszeitalter und
Gegenwart (Quaternary Science Journal), 56(1/2), 2007, pp. 22-23
406:
106:
45:
569:
400:"German Stratigraphic Commission: Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland 2016"
603:
480:
Stratigraphische
Begriffe für das Quartär des norddeutschen Vereisungsgebietes.
229:
162:
327:"A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records"
653:
322:
208:
185:
173:
158:
151:
147:
126:
85:
65:
220:(MIS 16), is globally as strong as the most recent glaciations, MIS 6 (main
73:
359:
583:
350:
81:
57:
53:
571:
277:
69:
317:
593:
260:
447:
Summation of
Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America
192:
169:
588:
255:
site, with animal remains dating about 600,000 years ago, is the
252:
61:
203:
Based on a lack of glacial evidence in Western Europe for the
514:
499:
Cambridge Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group: Don Glaciation
125:
stage (Ionian) approximately 800-500 ka ago, just before the
462:, John Wiley & Son, Chichester, United Kingdom.
244:
skeleton was found, the best example of the species
121:The core of the Cromerian is the first half of the
449:, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 183-196.
259:in Germany, named after an abandoned village near
80:situated at the bottom of the coastal cliff near
651:
441:
439:
433:, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 11-15.
555:
436:
302:
300:
298:
562:
548:
382:
380:
378:
445:Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986,
358:
423:
295:
176:. However, the Aftonian, along with the
392:
375:
14:
652:
452:
168:The Cromerian had been equated to the
543:
141:. Some sources today correlate the
84:. The Cromerian stage preceded the
24:
161:the corresponding stage is called
25:
686:
570:The cold and warm periods of the
515:German National Library catalogue
198:
503:
492:
472:
311:
13:
1:
513:. Munich: Bertelsmann, 1986.
288:
116:
7:
266:
10:
691:
523:
235:
213:Mid-Pleistocene Transition
579:
511:Deutschland in der Urzeit
460:Quaternary Dating Methods
660:Quaternary geochronology
248:to be unearthed so far.
218:Marine Isotope Stage 16
429:Hallberg, G.R., 1986,
273:Timeline of glaciation
246:Mammuthus trogontherii
178:Yarmouthian (Yarmouth)
110:
94:Cromerian interglacial
49:
319:Lisiecki, Lorraine E.
131:Marine isotope stages
98:Cromerian warm period
52:), is a stage in the
530:www.Stratigraphy.org
351:10.1029/2004PA001071
207:(Ionian) before the
343:2005PalOc..20.1003L
242:West Runton Mammoth
458:Walker, M., 2005,
226:Weichsel/Devensian
209:Anglian glaciation
205:Middle Pleistocene
127:Anglian glaciation
123:Middle Pleistocene
35:, also called the
647:
646:
639:Last Interglacial
323:Raymo, Maureen E.
283:Cromer Forest Bed
143:Elster glaciation
78:Cromer Forest Bed
33:Cromerian Complex
16:(Redirected from
682:
574:in North Germany
564:
557:
550:
541:
540:
517:
507:
501:
496:
490:
476:
470:
456:
450:
443:
434:
427:
421:
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405:. Archived from
404:
396:
390:
384:
373:
372:
362:
331:Paleoceanography
315:
309:
304:
146:parallel to the
139:Beestonian Stage
105:
44:
21:
690:
689:
685:
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683:
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679:
650:
649:
648:
643:
575:
568:
526:
521:
520:
508:
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493:
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428:
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415:
413:
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402:
398:
397:
393:
385:
376:
316:
312:
305:
296:
291:
269:
238:
201:
135:Calabrian stage
119:
111:Kromer-Warmzeit
101:
40:
29:Cromerian Stage
23:
22:
18:Cromerian stage
15:
12:
11:
5:
688:
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645:
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566:
559:
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532:
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519:
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509:Ernst Probst:
502:
491:
471:
451:
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374:
360:2027.42/149224
310:
293:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
280:
275:
268:
265:
251:A significant
237:
234:
230:Don Glaciation
200:
199:Glacial cycles
197:
152:Hoxnian Stages
129:. In terms of
118:
115:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
687:
676:
675:Interglacials
673:
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469:
468:0 470 86927 5
465:
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455:
448:
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432:
426:
412:on 2018-11-23
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271:
270:
264:
262:
258:
257:Mosbach Sands
254:
249:
247:
243:
233:
231:
227:
224:) and MIS 2 (
223:
219:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
189:
187:
186:Pre-Illinoian
183:
179:
175:
174:North America
171:
166:
164:
160:
159:Alpine region
155:
154:(MIS 12-11).
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
114:
112:
108:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
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71:
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66:Great Britain
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
19:
510:
505:
494:
479:
474:
459:
454:
446:
430:
425:
414:. Retrieved
407:the original
394:
334:
330:
313:
250:
240:In 1990 the
239:
202:
190:
167:
156:
137:, after the
120:
97:
93:
74:interglacial
58:East Anglian
36:
32:
28:
26:
670:Pleistocene
629:Weichselian
584:Pre-Tiglian
263:, Germany.
82:West Runton
54:Pleistocene
654:Categories
572:Quaternary
535:www.zum.de
416:2019-03-31
337:(1): n/a.
289:References
278:Quaternary
117:Chronology
70:stratotype
614:Cromerian
594:Eburonian
488:0424-7116
388:Elsevier.
261:Wiesbaden
103:‹See Tfd›
90:Elsterian
72:for this
50:Cromerium
42:‹See Tfd›
37:Cromerian
665:Ice ages
634:Holstein
609:Bavelian
604:Menapian
369:12788441
325:(2005).
267:See also
193:Gorleben
170:Aftonian
96:and the
60:town of
599:Waalian
589:Tiglian
524:Sources
339:Bibcode
236:Fossils
157:In the
148:Anglian
86:Anglian
76:is the
619:Elster
486:
466:
367:
253:fossil
182:Kansan
107:German
62:Cromer
46:German
624:Saale
410:(PDF)
403:(PDF)
365:S2CID
222:Saale
484:ISSN
464:ISBN
163:Günz
150:and
88:and
27:The
355:hdl
347:doi
172:in
64:in
31:or
656::
438:^
377:^
363:.
353:.
345:.
335:20
333:.
329:.
321:;
297:^
195:.
180:,
165:.
109::
48::
563:e
556:t
549:v
419:.
371:.
357::
349::
341::
100:(
39:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.