22:
191:. Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the Dominions of those nations, ordained that on 1 May 1654, with the exceptions laid out in paragraphs that followed "in this Ordinance", that the People of Scotland were pardoned for any crimes they might have committed during the preceding wars and that there would be no further financial or other punishments.
251:). The ordinance included details of how the fines were to be paid and what was to happen if the fine was not paid. The money was to be paid to Gilbert Bilton, deputy treasurer at Leith. Half was to be paid on, or by, 2 August 1654 and the other half on, or by, 2 December 1654. If a person defaulted on payment, then their estate was to be confiscated by the commissioners for sequestration.
116:, Scotland was placed under English military occupation with General Monck as military governor of the country. Up to the date of the Act of Grace the English army had been able to suppress the Scottish resistance to the occupation with relative ease and the occupation, with sporadic but ineffective resistance, would continue throughout the
223:
regime. Those who could be excluded by this paragraph were
Scottish MPs who had not signed the Protestation against the invasion of England in 1648, those men who sat in the Scottish Parliament or were a member of the Committee of Estates of Scotland after the coronation of Charles II (in 1651), or were in the Scottish army after the
285:
Although the ordinance had been issued on 12 April 1654, and then proclaimed in
Scotland on 5 May 1654, like the other ordinances pertaining to Scotland issued on 12 April 1654, it did not become enacted until an enabling act, called "Act touching several Acts and Ordinances made since the twentieth
222:
The next paragraph arranged for the confiscation of the estates of certain categories of Scots who had opposed the
English Parliament since 1648 and were still under arms against the English Commonwealth after 3 September 1650 or were not now considered by Oliver Cromwell to be reconciled to the new
238:
The next three paragraphs granted certain lands to the named wives and children of those whose estates had been confiscated, under the condition that they pay rent to the
Protector for those lands and that they renounced any claims they had to other properties which previously belonged to those
139:
were granted under the
Instrument of Government the power "to make laws and ordinances for the peace and welfare of these nations where it shall be necessary" and on 12 April 1654 the regime passed a number of ordinances pertaining to the government of Scotland:
202:
The third paragraph excepted royal estates and other possessions in
Scotland and so allowed for the sequestration by the Commonwealth. The wording also covered royal possessions that might have been passed to others since 1 May 1642.
259:
The last few paragraphs of the
Ordinance laid on certain points so that it was clear that this Ordinance could not be used to frustrate some other points of law that the drafters of the ordinance saw as potential legal problems.
274:. The general pardon could not be construed to extend, to the freeing or discharging of any prisoners or prisoners of war, from their respective imprisonments or their promises and surety for release from that imprisonment.
234:
The following paragraph limited the time creditors had to put in claims against the forfeited estates. Claims had to be lodged with named representatives, within 60 days of the proclamation of the ordinance.
440:
1994:
Firth, C.H.; Rait, R.S., eds. (1911). "June 1657: An Act touching several Acts and
Ordinances made since the twentieth of April, 1653, and before the third of September, 1654, and other Acts".
1774:
49:
472:
286:
of April, 1653, and before the third of
September, 1654, and other Acts" was consented to by the Lord Protector on the 26 June 1657, the same day that the enabling bill was approved by the
2146:
264:
80:, the English military governor of Scotland, was present in Edinburgh, having arrived the day before for two proclamations also delivered at the Mercat Cross, the first declaring
277:
The final paragraph negated any reading of the ordinance that might be construed to reduce the revenues that formerly went to the Crown and should now go to the Lord
Protector.
215:), and like the Royal estates, this was backdated to cover the estates as they were on 18 April 1648. Also, almost as a post script to the paragraph, a twenty-fifth man,
263:
The Ordinance could not be read as restoring or reviving of any lordship, dominion, jurisdiction, tenure, superiority, or any thing whatsoever, abolished by
1812:
836:
1918:
There are 72 entries in the list because one fine for the sum of £5,000 was levied jointly on two men: the Earl of Perth, and Lord Drumond his eldest son.
1346:
101:
219:, had his estates of "Maudlain Field, Sunck, Cony-garth, Constables-Batt, Two Watermills, and a Wind-mill lying within Barwick bounds." confiscated.
908:
1905:
John Swinton of Swinton, Esq; William Lawrence, Esq; George Smith, Esq; Sir James MacDowel of Garthland, Samuel Disbrow, John Thompson, Esquires (
852:
2231:
494:
2143:
Annals of Hawick, A.D. M.CC.XIV. – A.D. M.DCCC.XIV.: with an appendix containing biographical sketches and other illustrative documents
716:
462:
2068:
631:
298:
The following list of prominent opponents of the Commonwealth were exempted from the general pardon and had their estates forfeited:
194:
The rest of the ordinance proceeded to list the various exceptions to the general pardon and clarification of some of the details.
1361:
889:
784:
685:
416:
356:
2131:, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910–1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, p. 19.
574:
488:
456:
331:
89:
1978:
700:
561:
520:
392:
380:
1198:
1048:
737:
318:
1081:
940:
344:
2221:
2023:
Laing states this Act of "Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland," with the list of fines, is printed in Scobell's
1479:
769:
478:
404:
216:
153:
Ordinance for settling the Estates of several excepted Persons in Scotland, in Trustees, to the Uses herein expressed.
2174:
619:
368:
2129:
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant
2048:
1018:
1002:
532:
1648:
818:
504:
428:
2180:
Firth, C.H.; Rait, R.S., eds. (1911). "April 1654: An Ordinance of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland".
287:
211:
The fourth paragraph listed twenty-four men whose estates were excepted and forfeited to the Commonwealth (See
2042:
1591:
132:
270:
The general pardon did not extend to those persons in arms since 1 May 1652 who would remain subject to the
1849:. olivercromwell.org (Maintained by the Cromwell Association and the Cromwell Museum Huntingdon). pp.
1243:
2226:
2166:
A diary of public transactions and other occurrences, chiefly in Scotland, from January 1650 to June 1667
1444:
188:
136:
61:
2211:
1288:
669:
2216:
2206:
548:
128:
224:
109:
105:
65:
26:
2065:
An historical account of the senators of the College of justice: from its institution in MDXXXII
1754:
121:
2169:
1970:
117:
53:
2181:
1995:
1941:
60:(with certain exceptions) were pardoned for any crimes they might have committed during the
16:
1654 English Parliament act pardoning all Scots from crimes committed in previous civil wars
2201:
1183:
961:
135:
that sat for the first time in September 1654, the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell and his
8:
2041:
1064:
444:
127:
The Act had its origins in the English written constitution of December 1653, called the
113:
57:
987:
228:
1967:
Angles on the English-Speaking World, V.7: The State of the Union: Scotland, 1707–2007
1974:
1213:
1033:
787:
1850:
1843:
1817:
1273:
1228:
754:
1829:
1663:
1140:
878:
720:
271:
81:
1821:
1168:
925:
803:
85:
280:
2195:
2110:
1738:
1316:
536:
293:
1258:
587:
77:
1096:
508:
21:
227:
on 3 September 1650 (which included all those who had taken part in the
169:
Except for members of the royal family (their estates were confiscated),
1376:
1331:
34:
1810:
Hutton, Ronald. "Monck, George, first duke of Albemarle (1608–1670)".
1111:
69:
30:
265:
An Ordinance for Uniting Scotland into one Commonwealth with England
1775:
List of ordinances and acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–1660
893:
206:
144:
Ordinance for uniting Scotland into one Commonwealth with England
2188:
Text of Cromwell's Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
2140:
1460:
566:
Late Lieutenant-General of the Horse in the Scottish Army,
281:
Passed by Parliament and consented to by the Lord Protector
294:
Appendix A: List of those whose estates were sequestrated
104:, and the defeat of the Scottish armies at the battles of
2183:
Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660 (1911)
1997:
Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660 (1911)
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1799:
Ordinance of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
147:
Ordinance of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
553:
Late Major General of the Foot in the Scottish Army,
197:
2062:
2005:
1864:
90:
Scotland was united with the Commonwealth of England
1921:
641:
254:
187:The first and second paragraphs drew a line under
25:The Act of Pardon and Grace was proclaimed at the
172:Other excepted who had their estates confiscated,
46:Act of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
2193:
150:Ordinance for erecting Courts Baron in Scotland
131:. Between December 1653 and the calling of the
242:
207:Except those who had their estates confiscated
2141:Wilson (town-clerk of Hawick), James (1850).
677:Late Lieutenant-General of the Scottish Army
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1816:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2052:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
162:The content of the Act of Grace contained:
1943:Journal of the House of Commons: 1651–1660
1940:"House of Commons Journal, 26 June 1657".
86:protector of England, Ireland and Scotland
2179:
2075:
1964:
1906:
1893:
632:William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn
20:
1965:Sevaldsen, Jørgen; et al. (2007).
1813:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
686:William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas
417:Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Seaforth
357:James Livingston, 1st Earl of Callendar
2194:
708:Eldest son to the Marquess of Douglas
332:William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton
2163:
2096:
2028:
2011:
1946:. Vol. 7. 1802. pp. 575–578
1927:
728:Third son of the Marquess of Douglas
521:William Cranstoun, 3rd Lord Cranstoun
393:John Maitland, 2nd Earl of Lauderdale
381:Alexander Erskine, 3rd Earl of Kellie
166:A general pardon and act of oblivion,
1724:Sir Patrick Cockborne of Clarkington
1049:Alexander Stewart, 5th Earl of Moray
738:Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch
319:James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
2232:George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle
2111:"James Erskine, 7th Earl of Buchan"
1969:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p.
1664:Lieutenant Colonel Elliot of Stebbs
13:
1809:
1795:Cromwell's Act of Grace and Pardon
1391:Master Robert Meldrum of Tillybody
973:Sir Andrew Flesher of Inner Pether
770:William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe
405:John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun
247:Seventy-three men were fined (see
239:excluded from the general pardon.
198:Except members of the royal family
14:
2243:
2108:
1762:Son to Sir David Murrey deceased
1005:, and Lord Drumond his eldest son
646:The following people were fined:
620:Archibald Napier, 2nd Lord Napier
463:Archibald, 1st Marquess of Argyll
369:William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal
182:
56:that declared that the people of
2049:Dictionary of National Biography
941:John Scrymgeour, Viscount Dudope
642:Appendix B: List of those fined
178:Other exceptions and provisions.
2134:
2102:
2056:
2034:
2017:
1987:
648:
495:Alexander, 6th Earl of Eglinton
429:John Murray, 2nd Earl of Atholl
300:
255:Other exceptions and provisions
248:
212:
1958:
1933:
1912:
1899:
1844:"The 1654 Union with Scotland"
1836:
1803:
1787:
1592:Sir John Scot, of Scots-Torbut
345:John, Earl of Crawford-Lindsay
288:Second Protectorate Parliament
1:
2157:
827:Son of Sir Robert Anstruther
133:First Protectorate Parliament
2063:George Brunton; David Haig.
1830:UK public library membership
1699:Patrik Scott of Thirlestane'
1404:Sir Robert Graham of Morphie
609:James Edmeston Lord of Womat
7:
2168:. Bannatyne club. pp.
2145:. T. G. Stevenson. p.
2043:"Anstruther, William"
1768:
243:Except those who were fined
157:
64:. It was proclaimed at the
10:
2248:
2164:Laing, David, ed. (1836).
1692:Patrick Scot of Thirleston
1417:Sir William Scot of Harden
217:James, 1st Lord Mordington
189:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
95:
62:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
2222:17th century in Edinburgh
1494:Mr. Francis Hay of Bowsey
670:David Leslie, Lord Newark
479:John, 1st Earl of Loudoun
175:Other excepted and fined,
1780:
575:James, Viscount Newburgh
129:Instrument of Government
102:English invasion of 1650
1569:Laird Rothemay, Gordoun
44:, or more formally the
42:Cromwell's Act of Grace
1822:10.1093/ref:odnb/18939
1737:Sir George Morison of
1562:Laird of Rothemegordon
1546:James Scot of Montross
38:
2000:. pp. 1131–1142.
1907:Firth & Rait 1911
1894:Firth & Rait 1911
1635:James Mercer of Aldey
1578:Colerney, the younger
955:Preston of Cragmillar
701:Archibald, Lord Angus
489:Hugh, Lord Montgomery
457:Archibald, Lord Lorne
54:Parliament of England
24:
2123:cites G.E. Cokayne,
2113:. www.thepeerage.com
2031:, pp. 125, 126)
1708:Sir James Carmighill
1289:James, 9th Lord Boyd
1184:Earl of Tullibardine
986:Sir John Wauchab of
962:Laird of Craigmillar
824:1,000 marks sterling
2186:. pp. 875–883.
1553:Merchant in Montros
1520:Sir Robert Forquhar
1139:Patrick Maule, 1st
1065:Earl of Queensberry
1063:James Douglas, 2nd
924:James Erskine, 7th
753:James Stewart, 2nd
473:James, Lord Machlin
445:Viscount of Kenmure
2227:Pardon legislation
1622:Laird of Bachilton
1362:Earl of Kinkardine
1244:William Lord Rosse
837:Archibald Sterling
599:Sir Thomas Thomson
229:Worcester Campaign
76:May 1654. General
39:
1980:978-87-635-0702-8
1828:(Subscription or
1766:
1765:
1753:Murrey, Laird of
1533:Sir Francis Reven
1347:Earl of Kinghorne
1303:James Lord Cooper
1229:Earl of Hartfeild
1214:Earl of Dalhousie
1126:Sir Henry Nisbett
1034:Earl of Findlater
890:James Livingstone
819:Philip Anstruther
639:
638:
2239:
2212:1654 in Scotland
2187:
2173:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2073:
2072:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1678:Sir Lewis Stuart
1609:Laird of Gosfrid
785:William Cochrane
755:Earl of Galloway
649:
301:
225:Battle of Dunbar
137:Council of State
75:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2217:Oliver Cromwell
2207:1654 in England
2192:
2191:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2139:
2135:
2116:
2114:
2109:Lundy, Darryl.
2107:
2103:
2095:
2076:
2061:
2057:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1808:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1771:
1715:Lord Carmichael
1507:Arnot of Ferney
1274:Lord Elphinston
1199:Earl of Sowthes
1155:Laird of Lundee
1141:Earl of Panmure
879:Earl of Panmure
721:Earl of Selkirk
717:William Douglas
644:
296:
283:
272:Articles of War
257:
245:
209:
200:
185:
160:
98:
82:Oliver Cromwell
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2177:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2133:
2101:
2074:
2055:
2033:
2016:
2014:, p. 125.
2004:
1986:
1979:
1957:
1932:
1930:, p. 126.
1920:
1911:
1898:
1863:
1835:
1802:
1793:Also known as
1785:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:Earl of Rothes
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:Hay of Nachton
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:Earl of Arroll
1166:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:Earl of Winton
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1000:
996:
995:
993:
990:
984:
980:
979:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
959:
956:
953:
949:
948:
946:
943:
938:
934:
933:
931:
928:
926:Earl of Buchan
922:
918:
917:
915:
912:
909:William Murrey
906:
902:
901:
899:
896:
886:
882:
881:
875:
872:
869:
865:
864:
859:
856:
850:
846:
845:
843:
840:
833:
829:
828:
825:
822:
816:
812:
811:
809:
806:
804:Lord Forrester
800:
796:
795:
793:
790:
782:
778:
777:
775:
772:
767:
763:
762:
760:
757:
751:
747:
746:
744:
741:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
714:
710:
709:
706:
703:
698:
694:
693:
691:
688:
683:
679:
678:
675:
672:
667:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
643:
640:
637:
636:
634:
629:
625:
624:
622:
617:
613:
612:
610:
607:
603:
602:
600:
597:
593:
592:
590:
584:
580:
579:
577:
572:
568:
567:
564:
562:John Middleton
559:
555:
554:
551:
549:Thomas Dalyell
546:
542:
541:
539:
530:
526:
525:
523:
518:
514:
513:
511:
502:
498:
497:
493:Eldest son of
491:
486:
482:
481:
477:Eldest son of
475:
470:
466:
465:
461:Eldest son of
459:
454:
450:
449:
447:
438:
434:
433:
431:
426:
422:
421:
419:
414:
410:
409:
407:
402:
398:
397:
395:
390:
386:
385:
383:
378:
374:
373:
371:
366:
362:
361:
359:
354:
350:
349:
347:
342:
338:
337:
334:
329:
325:
324:
321:
316:
312:
311:
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2202:1654 in law
2067:. pp.
2027:, p. 288. (
1259:Lord Sample
1097:Lord Duffus
877:Son to the
871:Henry Maule
802:James, 2nd
509:Lord Spynie
122:Restoration
118:Interregnum
88:, and that
2196:Categories
2158:References
2117:1 February
2097:Laing 1836
2029:Laing 1836
2025:Collection
2012:Laing 1836
1950:24 January
1928:Laing 1836
1856:24 January
1832:required.)
1443:Renton of
1377:Lord Bamfe
839:of Carden.
249:Appendix B
213:Appendix A
100:After the
84:to be the
35:Royal Mile
1684:Advocate
1445:Lamberton
1112:Lord Grey
336:deceased
323:deceased
124:in 1660.
114:Worcester
70:Edinburgh
48:, was an
31:Edinburgh
2170:125, 126
2069:358, 359
1797:and the
1769:See also
740:deceased
158:Contents
58:Scotland
1755:Stanhop
1480:Preston
1145:£10,000
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894:Kilsyth
743:£15,000
96:Origins
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674:£4,000
661:Notes
658:Amount
535:, 9th
505:George
106:Dunbar
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2125:et al
1847:(PDF)
1781:Notes
1080:John
992:£2000
690:£1000
586:John
310:Note
2119:2011
1975:ISBN
1952:2011
1858:2011
1851:2, 3
1565:£500
888:Sir
858:£500
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307:Name
112:and
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