33:
202:. Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the Dominions of those nations, ordained that on 1 May 1654, with the exceptions laid out in paragraphs that followed "in this Ordinance", that the People of Scotland were pardoned for any crimes they might have committed during the preceding wars and that there would be no further financial or other punishments.
262:). The ordinance included details of how the fines were to be paid and what was to happen if the fine was not paid. The money was to be paid to Gilbert Bilton, deputy treasurer at Leith. Half was to be paid on, or by, 2 August 1654 and the other half on, or by, 2 December 1654. If a person defaulted on payment, then their estate was to be confiscated by the commissioners for sequestration.
127:, Scotland was placed under English military occupation with General Monck as military governor of the country. Up to the date of the Act of Grace the English army had been able to suppress the Scottish resistance to the occupation with relative ease and the occupation, with sporadic but ineffective resistance, would continue throughout the
234:
regime. Those who could be excluded by this paragraph were
Scottish MPs who had not signed the Protestation against the invasion of England in 1648, those men who sat in the Scottish Parliament or were a member of the Committee of Estates of Scotland after the coronation of Charles II (in 1651), or were in the Scottish army after the
296:
Although the ordinance had been issued on 12 April 1654, and then proclaimed in
Scotland on 5 May 1654, like the other ordinances pertaining to Scotland issued on 12 April 1654, it did not become enacted until an enabling act, called "Act touching several Acts and Ordinances made since the twentieth
233:
The next paragraph arranged for the confiscation of the estates of certain categories of Scots who had opposed the
English Parliament since 1648 and were still under arms against the English Commonwealth after 3 September 1650 or were not now considered by Oliver Cromwell to be reconciled to the new
249:
The next three paragraphs granted certain lands to the named wives and children of those whose estates had been confiscated, under the condition that they pay rent to the
Protector for those lands and that they renounced any claims they had to other properties which previously belonged to those
150:
were granted under the
Instrument of Government the power "to make laws and ordinances for the peace and welfare of these nations where it shall be necessary" and on 12 April 1654 the regime passed a number of ordinances pertaining to the government of Scotland:
213:
The third paragraph excepted royal estates and other possessions in
Scotland and so allowed for the sequestration by the Commonwealth. The wording also covered royal possessions that might have been passed to others since 1 May 1642.
270:
The last few paragraphs of the
Ordinance laid on certain points so that it was clear that this Ordinance could not be used to frustrate some other points of law that the drafters of the ordinance saw as potential legal problems.
285:. The general pardon could not be construed to extend, to the freeing or discharging of any prisoners or prisoners of war, from their respective imprisonments or their promises and surety for release from that imprisonment.
245:
The following paragraph limited the time creditors had to put in claims against the forfeited estates. Claims had to be lodged with named representatives, within 60 days of the proclamation of the ordinance.
451:
2005:
Firth, C.H.; Rait, R.S., eds. (1911). "June 1657: An Act touching several Acts and
Ordinances made since the twentieth of April, 1653, and before the third of September, 1654, and other Acts".
1785:
60:
483:
297:
of April, 1653, and before the third of
September, 1654, and other Acts" was consented to by the Lord Protector on the 26 June 1657, the same day that the enabling bill was approved by the
2157:
275:
91:, the English military governor of Scotland, was present in Edinburgh, having arrived the day before for two proclamations also delivered at the Mercat Cross, the first declaring
288:
The final paragraph negated any reading of the ordinance that might be construed to reduce the revenues that formerly went to the Crown and should now go to the Lord
Protector.
226:), and like the Royal estates, this was backdated to cover the estates as they were on 18 April 1648. Also, almost as a post script to the paragraph, a twenty-fifth man,
17:
274:
The Ordinance could not be read as restoring or reviving of any lordship, dominion, jurisdiction, tenure, superiority, or any thing whatsoever, abolished by
1823:
847:
1929:
There are 72 entries in the list because one fine for the sum of £5,000 was levied jointly on two men: the Earl of Perth, and Lord Drumond his eldest son.
1357:
112:
230:, had his estates of "Maudlain Field, Sunck, Cony-garth, Constables-Batt, Two Watermills, and a Wind-mill lying within Barwick bounds." confiscated.
919:
1916:
John Swinton of Swinton, Esq; William Lawrence, Esq; George Smith, Esq; Sir James MacDowel of Garthland, Samuel Disbrow, John Thompson, Esquires (
863:
2242:
505:
2154:
Annals of Hawick, A.D. M.CC.XIV. – A.D. M.DCCC.XIV.: with an appendix containing biographical sketches and other illustrative documents
727:
473:
2079:
642:
309:
The following list of prominent opponents of the Commonwealth were exempted from the general pardon and had their estates forfeited:
205:
The rest of the ordinance proceeded to list the various exceptions to the general pardon and clarification of some of the details.
1372:
900:
795:
696:
427:
367:
2142:, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910–1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, p. 19.
585:
499:
467:
342:
100:
1989:
711:
572:
531:
403:
391:
1209:
1059:
748:
329:
1092:
951:
355:
2232:
2034:
Laing states this Act of "Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland," with the list of fines, is printed in Scobell's
1490:
780:
489:
415:
227:
164:
Ordinance for settling the Estates of several excepted Persons in Scotland, in Trustees, to the Uses herein expressed.
2185:
630:
379:
2140:
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant
2059:
1029:
1013:
543:
1659:
829:
515:
439:
2191:
Firth, C.H.; Rait, R.S., eds. (1911). "April 1654: An Ordinance of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland".
298:
222:
The fourth paragraph listed twenty-four men whose estates were excepted and forfeited to the Commonwealth (See
2053:
1602:
143:
281:
The general pardon did not extend to those persons in arms since 1 May 1652 who would remain subject to the
1860:. olivercromwell.org (Maintained by the Cromwell Association and the Cromwell Museum Huntingdon). pp.
1254:
2237:
2177:
A diary of public transactions and other occurrences, chiefly in Scotland, from January 1650 to June 1667
1455:
199:
147:
72:
2222:
1299:
680:
2227:
2217:
559:
139:
235:
120:
116:
76:
37:
2076:
An historical account of the senators of the College of justice: from its institution in MDXXXII
1765:
132:
2180:
1981:
128:
64:
2192:
2006:
1952:
71:(with certain exceptions) were pardoned for any crimes they might have committed during the
27:
1654 English Parliament act pardoning all Scots from crimes committed in previous civil wars
2212:
1194:
972:
146:
that sat for the first time in September 1654, the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell and his
8:
2052:
1075:
455:
138:
The Act had its origins in the English written constitution of December 1653, called the
124:
68:
998:
239:
1978:
Angles on the English-Speaking World, V.7: The State of the Union: Scotland, 1707–2007
1985:
1224:
1044:
798:
1861:
1854:
1828:
1284:
1239:
765:
1840:
1674:
1151:
889:
731:
282:
92:
1832:
1179:
936:
814:
96:
291:
2206:
2121:
1749:
1327:
547:
304:
1269:
598:
88:
1107:
519:
32:
238:
on 3 September 1650 (which included all those who had taken part in the
180:
Except for members of the royal family (their estates were confiscated),
1387:
1342:
45:
1821:
Hutton, Ronald. "Monck, George, first duke of Albemarle (1608–1670)".
1122:
80:
41:
276:
An Ordinance for Uniting Scotland into one Commonwealth with England
1786:
List of ordinances and acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–1660
904:
217:
155:
Ordinance for uniting Scotland into one Commonwealth with England
2199:
Text of Cromwell's Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
2151:
1471:
577:
Late Lieutenant-General of the Horse in the Scottish Army,
292:
Passed by Parliament and consented to by the Lord Protector
305:
Appendix A: List of those whose estates were sequestrated
115:, and the defeat of the Scottish armies at the battles of
2194:
Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660 (1911)
2008:
Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660 (1911)
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1810:
Ordinance of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
158:
Ordinance of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
564:
Late Major General of the Foot in the Scottish Army,
208:
2073:
2016:
1875:
101:
Scotland was united with the Commonwealth of England
1932:
652:
265:
198:The first and second paragraphs drew a line under
36:The Act of Pardon and Grace was proclaimed at the
183:Other excepted who had their estates confiscated,
57:Act of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland
2204:
161:Ordinance for erecting Courts Baron in Scotland
142:. Between December 1653 and the calling of the
253:
218:Except those who had their estates confiscated
2152:Wilson (town-clerk of Hawick), James (1850).
688:Late Lieutenant-General of the Scottish Army
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1827:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2063:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
173:The content of the Act of Grace contained:
1954:Journal of the House of Commons: 1651–1660
1951:"House of Commons Journal, 26 June 1657".
97:protector of England, Ireland and Scotland
2190:
2086:
1975:
1917:
1904:
643:William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn
31:
1976:Sevaldsen, Jørgen; et al. (2007).
1824:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
697:William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas
428:Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Seaforth
368:James Livingston, 1st Earl of Callendar
18:Cromwell's Act of Grace and Pardon
14:
2205:
719:Eldest son to the Marquess of Douglas
343:William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton
2174:
2107:
2039:
2022:
1957:. Vol. 7. 1802. pp. 575–578
1938:
739:Third son of the Marquess of Douglas
532:William Cranstoun, 3rd Lord Cranstoun
404:John Maitland, 2nd Earl of Lauderdale
392:Alexander Erskine, 3rd Earl of Kellie
177:A general pardon and act of oblivion,
1735:Sir Patrick Cockborne of Clarkington
1060:Alexander Stewart, 5th Earl of Moray
749:Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch
330:James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
2243:George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle
2122:"James Erskine, 7th Earl of Buchan"
1980:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p.
1675:Lieutenant Colonel Elliot of Stebbs
24:
1820:
1806:Cromwell's Act of Grace and Pardon
1402:Master Robert Meldrum of Tillybody
984:Sir Andrew Flesher of Inner Pether
781:William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe
416:John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun
258:Seventy-three men were fined (see
250:excluded from the general pardon.
209:Except members of the royal family
25:
2254:
2119:
1773:Son to Sir David Murrey deceased
1016:, and Lord Drumond his eldest son
657:The following people were fined:
631:Archibald Napier, 2nd Lord Napier
474:Archibald, 1st Marquess of Argyll
380:William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal
193:
67:that declared that the people of
2060:Dictionary of National Biography
952:John Scrymgeour, Viscount Dudope
653:Appendix B: List of those fined
189:Other exceptions and provisions.
2145:
2113:
2067:
2045:
2028:
1998:
659:
506:Alexander, 6th Earl of Eglinton
440:John Murray, 2nd Earl of Atholl
311:
266:Other exceptions and provisions
259:
223:
1969:
1944:
1923:
1910:
1855:"The 1654 Union with Scotland"
1847:
1814:
1798:
1603:Sir John Scot, of Scots-Torbut
356:John, Earl of Crawford-Lindsay
299:Second Protectorate Parliament
13:
1:
2168:
838:Son of Sir Robert Anstruther
144:First Protectorate Parliament
2074:George Brunton; David Haig.
1841:UK public library membership
1710:Patrik Scott of Thirlestane'
1415:Sir Robert Graham of Morphie
620:James Edmeston Lord of Womat
7:
2179:. Bannatyne club. pp.
2156:. T. G. Stevenson. p.
2054:"Anstruther, William"
1779:
254:Except those who were fined
168:
75:. It was proclaimed at the
10:
2259:
2175:Laing, David, ed. (1836).
1703:Patrick Scot of Thirleston
1428:Sir William Scot of Harden
228:James, 1st Lord Mordington
200:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
106:
73:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
2233:17th century in Edinburgh
1505:Mr. Francis Hay of Bowsey
681:David Leslie, Lord Newark
490:John, 1st Earl of Loudoun
186:Other excepted and fined,
1791:
586:James, Viscount Newburgh
140:Instrument of Government
113:English invasion of 1650
1580:Laird Rothemay, Gordoun
55:, or more formally the
53:Cromwell's Act of Grace
1833:10.1093/ref:odnb/18939
1748:Sir George Morison of
1573:Laird of Rothemegordon
1557:James Scot of Montross
49:
2011:. pp. 1131–1142.
1918:Firth & Rait 1911
1905:Firth & Rait 1911
1646:James Mercer of Aldey
1589:Colerney, the younger
966:Preston of Cragmillar
712:Archibald, Lord Angus
500:Hugh, Lord Montgomery
468:Archibald, Lord Lorne
65:Parliament of England
35:
2134:cites G.E. Cokayne,
2124:. www.thepeerage.com
2042:, pp. 125, 126)
1719:Sir James Carmighill
1300:James, 9th Lord Boyd
1195:Earl of Tullibardine
997:Sir John Wauchab of
973:Laird of Craigmillar
835:1,000 marks sterling
2197:. pp. 875–883.
1564:Merchant in Montros
1531:Sir Robert Forquhar
1150:Patrick Maule, 1st
1076:Earl of Queensberry
1074:James Douglas, 2nd
935:James Erskine, 7th
764:James Stewart, 2nd
484:James, Lord Machlin
456:Viscount of Kenmure
2238:Pardon legislation
1633:Laird of Bachilton
1373:Earl of Kinkardine
1255:William Lord Rosse
848:Archibald Sterling
610:Sir Thomas Thomson
240:Worcester Campaign
87:May 1654. General
50:
1991:978-87-635-0702-8
1839:(Subscription or
1777:
1776:
1764:Murrey, Laird of
1544:Sir Francis Reven
1358:Earl of Kinghorne
1314:James Lord Cooper
1240:Earl of Hartfeild
1225:Earl of Dalhousie
1137:Sir Henry Nisbett
1045:Earl of Findlater
901:James Livingstone
830:Philip Anstruther
650:
649:
16:(Redirected from
2250:
2223:1654 in Scotland
2198:
2184:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1818:
1812:
1802:
1689:Sir Lewis Stuart
1620:Laird of Gosfrid
796:William Cochrane
766:Earl of Galloway
660:
312:
236:Battle of Dunbar
148:Council of State
86:
21:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2228:Oliver Cromwell
2218:1654 in England
2203:
2202:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2150:
2146:
2127:
2125:
2120:Lundy, Darryl.
2118:
2114:
2106:
2087:
2072:
2068:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1992:
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1970:
1960:
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1945:
1937:
1933:
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1915:
1911:
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1876:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1819:
1815:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1782:
1726:Lord Carmichael
1518:Arnot of Ferney
1285:Lord Elphinston
1210:Earl of Sowthes
1166:Laird of Lundee
1152:Earl of Panmure
890:Earl of Panmure
732:Earl of Selkirk
728:William Douglas
655:
307:
294:
283:Articles of War
268:
256:
220:
211:
196:
171:
109:
93:Oliver Cromwell
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
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2200:
2188:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2144:
2112:
2085:
2066:
2044:
2027:
2025:, p. 125.
2015:
1997:
1990:
1968:
1943:
1941:, p. 126.
1931:
1922:
1909:
1874:
1846:
1813:
1804:Also known as
1796:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
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1778:
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1768:
1762:
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1739:
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1733:
1729:
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1701:
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1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:Earl of Rothes
1657:
1653:
1652:
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1644:
1640:
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1637:
1634:
1631:
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1600:
1596:
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1503:
1499:
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1477:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:Hay of Nachton
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
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1370:
1366:
1365:
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1355:
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1233:
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1227:
1222:
1218:
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1215:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:Earl of Arroll
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1143:
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1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
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1113:
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1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:Earl of Winton
1027:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
995:
991:
990:
988:
985:
982:
978:
977:
970:
967:
964:
960:
959:
957:
954:
949:
945:
944:
942:
939:
937:Earl of Buchan
933:
929:
928:
926:
923:
920:William Murrey
917:
913:
912:
910:
907:
897:
893:
892:
886:
883:
880:
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875:
870:
867:
861:
857:
856:
854:
851:
844:
840:
839:
836:
833:
827:
823:
822:
820:
817:
815:Lord Forrester
811:
807:
806:
804:
801:
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789:
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741:
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734:
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608:
604:
603:
601:
595:
591:
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588:
583:
579:
578:
575:
573:John Middleton
570:
566:
565:
562:
560:Thomas Dalyell
557:
553:
552:
550:
541:
537:
536:
534:
529:
525:
524:
522:
513:
509:
508:
504:Eldest son of
502:
497:
493:
492:
488:Eldest son of
486:
481:
477:
476:
472:Eldest son of
470:
465:
461:
460:
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445:
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194:General pardon
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2110:, p. 126
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2019:
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1750:Prestongrange
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871:
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865:
864:James Drumond
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799:Lord Cochrane
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452:Robert Gordon
450:
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141:
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131:up until the
130:
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122:
121:Inverkeithing
118:
114:
104:
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2126:. Retrieved
2115:
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2069:
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2035:
2030:
2018:
2007:
2000:
1977:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1953:
1946:
1934:
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1912:
1865:. Retrieved
1849:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1725:
1709:
1610:
1579:
1563:
1489:Hamilton of
1480:Laird of Lus
1479:
1343:Lord Rollock
975:
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866:of Mackensey
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287:
280:
273:
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248:
244:
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212:
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172:
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89:George Monck
77:Mercat Cross
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52:
51:
38:Mercat Cross
29:
2213:1654 in law
2078:. pp.
2038:, p. 288. (
1270:Lord Sample
1108:Lord Duffus
888:Son to the
882:Henry Maule
813:James, 2nd
520:Lord Spynie
133:Restoration
129:Interregnum
99:, and that
2207:Categories
2169:References
2128:1 February
2108:Laing 1836
2040:Laing 1836
2036:Collection
2023:Laing 1836
1961:24 January
1939:Laing 1836
1867:24 January
1843:required.)
1454:Renton of
1388:Lord Bamfe
850:of Carden.
260:Appendix B
224:Appendix A
111:After the
95:to be the
46:Royal Mile
1695:Advocate
1456:Lamberton
1123:Lord Grey
347:deceased
334:deceased
135:in 1660.
125:Worcester
81:Edinburgh
59:, was an
42:Edinburgh
2181:125, 126
2080:358, 359
1808:and the
1780:See also
751:deceased
169:Contents
69:Scotland
1766:Stanhop
1491:Preston
1156:£10,000
999:Nethery
905:Kilsyth
754:£15,000
107:Origins
63:of the
1988:
1837:
1770:£2,000
1754:£2,000
1738:£2,000
1722:£2,000
1706:£2,000
1692:£1,000
1679:£1,000
1664:£1,000
1649:£1,000
1636:£1,500
1623:£1,000
1607:£1,500
1592:£1,000
1560:£3,000
1547:£3,000
1534:£1,000
1521:£2,000
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1476:£2,000
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1444:£1,000
1431:£3,000
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1405:£1,000
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1377:£1,000
1362:£1,000
1347:£1,000
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1317:£3,000
1304:£1,500
1289:£1,000
1274:£1,000
1259:£3,000
1244:£2,000
1229:£1,500
1214:£3,000
1199:£1,500
1184:£2,000
1169:£1,000
1140:£1,000
1127:£1,500
1112:£1,500
1097:£6,000
1081:£4,000
1064:£3,500
1049:£1,500
1034:£2,000
1019:£5,000
987:£5,000
969:£1,500
956:£1,500
941:£1,000
925:£1,500
909:£1,500
885:£2,500
853:£1,500
819:£2,500
803:£5,000
785:£6,000
770:£4,000
736:£1,000
716:£1,000
685:£4,000
672:Notes
669:Amount
546:, 9th
516:George
117:Dunbar
85:
2136:et al
1858:(PDF)
1792:Notes
1091:John
1003:£2000
701:£1000
597:John
321:Note
2130:2011
1986:ISBN
1963:2011
1869:2011
1862:2, 3
1576:£500
899:Sir
869:£500
846:Sir
666:Name
544:John
318:Name
123:and
83:on 5
2186:126
2158:313
1829:doi
1472:Luz
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79:in
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730:,
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528:16
518:,
512:15
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480:13
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454:,
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301:.
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103:.
2183:.
2160:.
2132:.
2082:.
2013:.
1994:.
1965:.
1907:.
1871:.
1835:.
1831::
1078:.
832:.
424:9
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400:7
388:6
376:5
364:4
352:3
339:2
326:1
48:.
20:)
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