497:
505:
49:
62:
485:
445:
alternately along the stem. The stems are red when young and then fade to brown. It blooms between May and June. The flowers are small and not very noticeable, with greenish-pink sepals that turn reddish purple. The round
972:
Bokhorst, S; Bjerke, JW; Davey, MP; Taulavuori, K; Taulavuori, E; Laine, K; Callaghan, TV; Phoenix, GK (2010). "Impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-Arctic heath community".
1010:
1506:
1568:
699:
768:
1663:
1454:
1519:
1467:
1105:
1096:
796:
1226:
1027:
897:
866:
825:
1642:
1773:
1524:
1208:
1033:
1768:
386:
1418:
1145:"A single Mid-Pleistocene long-distance dispersal by a bird can explain the extreme bipolar disjunction in crowberries"
951:
800:
1758:
1573:
518:
1493:
1379:
707:
1681:
946:
1555:
1101:
1763:
1446:
913:
639:(Tanaina) harvest it for food, sometimes storing in quantity for winter, sometimes mixed with lard or oil.
1358:
1338:
1778:
1689:
728:
1676:
1472:
1087:
1433:
1324:
1158:
496:
61:
17:
1019:
1547:
1275:
784:
568:
1668:
1253:
571:
have explained the striking geographic distribution of crowberries as a result of long-distance
1511:
1441:
1286:
504:
1632:
975:
178:
1599:
1392:
1048:
837:
937:
8:
1627:
1218:
762:
619:
The fruit is edible and can be dried. However, it has an acidic taste. It is abundant in
558:
554:
378:
374:
1655:
1725:
1185:
1144:
1062:
889:
202:
56:
678:; cuttings of it would be raised on standards to denote clan identity and allegiance.
1753:
1619:
1594:
1366:
1232:
1222:
1190:
1023:
992:
988:
893:
862:
821:
1730:
1371:
1180:
1170:
1126:
984:
647:
595:
562:
1384:
1581:
1534:
856:
607:
601:
572:
366:
99:
1717:
1694:
1560:
48:
1650:
1143:
Magnus Popp; Virginia Mirré; Christian
Brochmann (2011). Peter H. Raven (ed.).
813:
86:
1747:
1609:
1423:
1309:
1236:
757:
194:
1175:
1142:
1707:
1194:
996:
671:
643:
1212:
1542:
1480:
1348:
1318:
659:
651:
636:
632:
623:
and treasured for its ability to make liqueur, wine, juice, or jelly. In
620:
442:
1586:
1459:
772:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 513.
389:
474: in) wide, usually black or purplish-black but occasionally red.
1485:
1405:
1162:
624:
414:
382:
370:
145:
31:
1498:
1280:
1207:
1702:
1303:
1166:
655:
402:, which occurs in more northerly locations and at higher altitude.
155:
135:
125:
112:
1410:
582:
500:
Vaccinium vitis-idaea and
Empetrum nigrum in Denali National Park
761:
1397:
1333:
418:
627:
areas, the plant has been a vital addition to the diet of the
971:
854:
628:
451:
447:
73:
1149:
738:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
484:
886:
Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild
Flowers of Britain
914:"Empetrum nigrum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
850:
848:
1055:
845:
361:, mossberry, or, in western Alaska, Labrador, etc.,
30:For other shrubs sometimes called "crowberry", see
1136:
1745:
782:
477:The metabolism and photosynthetic parameters of
662:pigment and can be used to make a natural dye.
481:can be altered in winter-warming experiments.
575:dispersing seeds from one pole to the other.
820:, 3rd edition. Cambridge University press.
548:
47:
1184:
1174:
880:
878:
1214:The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants
855:Barbara Coffin; Lee Pfannmuller (1988).
756:
503:
495:
483:
1248:
1246:
1106:United States Department of Agriculture
1097:Germplasm Resources Information Network
14:
1746:
1012:English Names for Korean Native Plants
930:
875:
858:Minnesota's Endangered Flora and Fauna
1285:
1284:
27:Plant in the heather family Ericaceae
1243:
1209:United States Department of the Army
1063:"Empetrum subholarcticum V.N.Vassil"
861:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 96.
688:
642:The species can also be grown as a
24:
1682:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30371508-2
952:University of California, Berkeley
801:University of California, Berkeley
25:
1790:
417:shrub with a creeping habit. The
989:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01386.x
60:
1201:
1119:
1080:
1003:
965:
540:(V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev (synonym:
947:University and Jepson Herbaria
906:
831:
818:New Flora of the British Isles
807:
776:
750:
721:
658:'Lucia'. The fruit is high in
654:, notably the yellow-foliaged
405:
369:species in the heather family
13:
1:
1102:Agricultural Research Service
681:
512:
783:Jepson Flora Project (ed.).
7:
1774:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1276:Forest Service Fire Ecology
674:'s badge is believed to be
561:. It is also native in the
488:The yellow-leaved cultivar
10:
1795:
1769:Flora of Subarctic America
736:Plants of the World Online
665:
588:
29:
1293:
1159:Missouri Botanical Garden
208:
201:
184:
177:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
41:
1759:Plants described in 1753
1067:www.worldfloraonline.org
1020:Korea National Arboretum
700:"Plant Name Details for
549:Distribution and habitat
1176:10.1073/pnas.1012249108
769:Encyclopædia Britannica
670:The Scottish Highlands
614:
585:in shady, moist areas.
569:Evolutionary biologists
553:The species has a near
542:Empetrum subholarcticum
528:(Nakai ex H.Ito) Kuvaev
256:Empetrum hermaphroditum
248:Empetrum hermaphroditum
1254:"Empetrum nigrum - L."
509:
501:
493:
1022:. 2015. p. 456.
976:Physiologia Plantarum
892:. 1981. p. 220.
507:
499:
487:
421:are 3–6 millimetres (
228:Empetrum crassifolium
1127:"Empetrum nigrum L."
1049:Korea Forest Service
797:The Jepson Herbarium
557:distribution in the
377:distribution in the
295:(Hagerup) T.Sørensen
1764:Greenlandic cuisine
1257:Plants for a Future
1219:Skyhorse Publishing
611:feed on the plant.
559:Northern Hemisphere
379:Northern Hemisphere
1779:Flora of Greenland
530:– Korean crowberry
510:
502:
494:
413:is a low growing,
336:Empetrum purpureum
1741:
1740:
1595:Open Tree of Life
1287:Taxon identifiers
1228:978-1-60239-692-0
1029:978-89-97450-98-5
899:978-0-276-00217-5
868:978-0-8166-1689-3
826:978-0-521-70772-5
763:"Crowberry"
593:The moth species
529:
508:Alaskan crowberry
385:, but there is a
346:
345:
340:
332:
320:
308:
296:
284:
272:
264:
252:
244:
232:
224:
220:Empetrum arcticum
216:
212:Chamaetaxus nigra
16:(Redirected from
1786:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1617:Panartic Flora:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1561:NBNSYS0000004598
1551:
1550:
1538:
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1528:
1527:
1515:
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1502:
1501:
1489:
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1188:
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1140:
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1123:
1117:
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1114:
1112:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1032:. Archived from
1017:
1007:
1001:
1000:
969:
963:
962:
960:
958:
938:"Jepson eFlora:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
910:
904:
903:
882:
873:
872:
852:
843:
842:
835:
829:
811:
805:
804:
780:
774:
773:
765:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
692:
648:ornamental plant
596:Glacies coracina
563:Falkland Islands
527:
473:
472:
468:
463:
462:
458:
440:
439:
435:
430:
429:
425:
381:. It is usually
338:
330:
318:
307:(Hagerup) Böcher
306:
294:
282:
270:
262:
250:
243:(Hagerup) D.Löve
242:
236:Empetrum eamesii
230:
222:
214:
190:
65:
64:
51:
42:Black crowberry
39:
38:
21:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1633:Empetrum nigrum
1631:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1610:Empetrum_nigrum
1608:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1582:Observation.org
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1532:MichiganFlora:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1339:empetrum-nigrum
1337:
1332:
1325:Empetrum nigrum
1323:
1322:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1295:Empetrum nigrum
1289:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1229:
1206:
1202:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1090:Empetrum nigrum
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1004:
970:
966:
956:
954:
940:Empetrum nigrum
936:
935:
931:
922:
920:
918:www.efloras.org
912:
911:
907:
900:
890:Reader's Digest
884:
883:
876:
869:
853:
846:
840:
836:
832:
812:
808:
787:Empetrum nigrum
781:
777:
755:
751:
741:
739:
731:Empetrum nigrum
727:
726:
722:
712:
710:
702:Empetrum nigrum
698:
697:2: 1022. 1753
693:
689:
684:
668:
617:
608:Hadula melanopa
602:Zygaena exulans
591:
579:Empetrum nigrum
573:migratory birds
551:
534:Empetrum nigrum
520:Empetrum nigrum
515:
490:Empetrum nigrum
470:
466:
465:
460:
456:
455:
454:, 4–6 mm (
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
422:
411:Empetrum nigrum
408:
395:Empetrum nigrum
367:flowering plant
359:black crowberry
350:Empetrum nigrum
324:Empetrum nigrum
312:Empetrum nigrum
300:Empetrum nigrum
288:Empetrum nigrum
276:Empetrum nigrum
268:Empetrum medium
197:
192:
188:Empetrum nigrum
186:
173:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:wfo-0000667231
1722:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1637:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1529:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1438:
1428:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1330:
1315:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1242:
1227:
1221:. p. 47.
1200:
1135:
1118:
1079:
1054:
1039:on 25 May 2017
1028:
1002:
983:(2): 128–140.
964:
929:
905:
898:
874:
867:
844:
830:
806:
775:
760:, ed. (1911).
758:Chisholm, Hugh
749:
720:
686:
685:
683:
680:
676:E. nigrum
667:
664:
616:
613:
590:
587:
550:
547:
546:
545:
538:subholarcticum
531:
514:
511:
407:
404:
399:hermaphroditum
344:
343:
342:
341:
333:
321:
319:(Raf.) Fernald
309:
304:hermaphroditum
297:
292:hermaphroditum
285:
273:
265:
253:
245:
240:hermaphroditum
233:
225:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
193:
182:
181:
175:
174:
170:E. nigrum
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
143:
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138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
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67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1757:
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1377:
1373:
1368:
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1277:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1169:: 6520–6525.
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1107:
1103:
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1093:
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1083:
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948:
943:
941:
933:
919:
915:
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901:
895:
891:
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881:
879:
870:
864:
860:
859:
851:
849:
839:
834:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
802:
798:
794:
793:Jepson eFlora
790:
788:
779:
771:
770:
764:
759:
753:
737:
734:
732:
724:
709:
705:
703:
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209:
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191:
189:
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
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151:
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147:
144:
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137:
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121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1294:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
1217:. New York:
1213:
1203:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1129:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1095:
1089:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1066:
1057:
1047:– via
1041:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1011:
1005:
980:
974:
967:
955:. Retrieved
945:
939:
932:
921:. Retrieved
917:
908:
885:
857:
841:(in Swedish)
833:
817:
814:Stace, C. A.
809:
792:
786:
778:
767:
752:
740:. Retrieved
735:
730:
723:
711:. Retrieved
701:
694:
690:
675:
672:Clan Maclean
669:
652:rock gardens
644:ground cover
641:
618:
606:
600:
594:
592:
583:acidic soils
578:
577:
567:
555:circumboreal
552:
544:V.N.Vassil.)
541:
537:
533:
523:
519:
489:
478:
476:
441:inch) long,
410:
409:
398:
394:
393:
392:subspecies,
375:circumboreal
373:with a near
362:
358:
354:
349:
348:
347:
335:
331:(Raf.) A.DC.
327:
323:
315:
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185:
169:
168:
156:
119:
106:
93:
80:
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1656:kew-2788473
1543:NatureServe
1481:iNaturalist
1319:Wikispecies
1111:15 December
1072:15 February
1043:24 December
1018:. Pocheon:
660:anthocyanin
646:, or as an
621:Scandinavia
406:Description
280:cylindricum
263:V.N.Vassil.
223:V.N.Vassil.
215:(L.) Bubani
100:Angiosperms
1748:Categories
1651:Plant List
1499:30371508-2
1356:Calflora:
923:2020-12-30
828:. pp. 525.
713:1 December
682:References
513:Subspecies
390:tetraploid
363:blackberry
260:americanum
1447:200012671
1237:277203364
1163:St. Louis
625:subarctic
581:grows in
524:asiaticum
415:evergreen
383:dioecious
371:Ericaceae
355:crowberry
328:purpureum
316:purpureum
164:Species:
146:Ericaceae
70:Kingdom:
32:Bearberry
18:Crowberry
1754:Empetrum
1715:VASCAN:
1708:11900005
1703:Tropicos
1607:PalDat:
1548:2.154886
1512:10897614
1346:BioLib:
1304:Wikidata
1211:(2009).
1195:21402939
1167:Missouri
997:20497369
656:cultivar
637:Dena'ina
631:and the
479:Empetrum
443:arranged
387:bisexual
271:Carmich.
203:Synonyms
157:Empetrum
142:Family:
136:Ericales
126:Asterids
113:Eudicots
1460:2888370
1310:Q202305
1186:3081031
838:Kråkbär
816:(2010)
742:11 July
695:Sp. Pl.
666:Culture
589:Ecology
536:subsp.
522:subsp.
492:'Lucia'
469:⁄
459:⁄
436:⁄
426:⁄
397:subsp.
365:, is a
302:subsp.
251:Hagerup
238:subsp.
152:Genus:
132:Order:
74:Plantae
1664:PLANTS
1620:741503
1600:760250
1574:191066
1434:empnig
1431:FEIS:
1424:169449
1398:586630
1334:ARKive
1262:15 May
1235:
1225:
1193:
1183:
1157:(16).
1130:PLANTS
1026:
995:
957:15 May
896:
865:
824:
635:. The
605:, and
452:drupes
448:fruits
419:leaves
283:Lepage
1640:PFI:
1525:23743
1507:IRMNG
1486:76812
1473:15127
1419:EUNIS
1411:EMPHI
1372:39HL9
1349:39000
1037:(PDF)
1016:(PDF)
629:Inuit
326:var.
290:var.
258:var.
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
1718:5514
1695:6352
1677:POWO
1669:EMNI
1643:3741
1628:PfaF
1587:6730
1569:NCBI
1535:1213
1520:ITIS
1494:IPNI
1468:GRIN
1455:GBIF
1406:EPPO
1380:CNPS
1359:2959
1264:2017
1233:OCLC
1223:ISBN
1191:PMID
1150:PNAS
1113:2017
1074:2021
1045:2016
1024:ISBN
993:PMID
959:2017
894:ISBN
863:ISBN
822:ISBN
744:2020
715:2009
708:IPNI
633:Sami
615:Uses
450:are
339:Raf.
231:Raf.
1726:WFO
1690:RHS
1556:NBN
1442:FNA
1393:EoL
1385:591
1367:CoL
1181:PMC
1171:doi
1155:108
985:doi
981:140
733:L."
650:in
314:f.
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