216:
17:
90:": "This cultural revolution would now suffice to make our country a completely socialist country; but it presents immense difficulties of a purely cultural (for we are illiterate) and material character (for to be cultured we must achieve a certain development of the material means of production, we must have a certain material base)".
156:
In order to secure for the workers actual freedom of expression of opinion, the
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic abolishes the dependence of the press upon capital, and puts into the hands of the working class and the poor peasantry all the technical and material means for the publication
303:
The successes of the cultural revolution include raising the literacy rate to 87.4% of the population (according to the census of 1939), creating an extensive system of secondary schools, and significant development of science and the arts. At the same time, an official culture was formed, based on
325:
On the other hand, a number of authors have challenged this position and come to the conclusion that the traditional values and worldviews of the
Russian intelligentsia, petty bourgeoisie and the peasantry were only slightly transformed during the cultural revolution, and the Bolshevik project of
55:. As a result, in modern historiography there is a traditional, but contested, correlation of the cultural revolution in the Soviet Union only with the 1928–1931 period. The cultural revolution in the 1930s was understood as part of a major transformation of society and the
235:
was developed to prepare working youth for admission to universities, to which the path of youth of proletarian origin was first opened regardless of the availability of primary education. In order to educate the new intellectual elite, the
279:
In the 1920s, discussions took place in Soviet public and party organizations about the methods and direction of the cultural revolution. For example, in the summer of 1923, a campaign to discuss "issues of life" was initiated by
255:
At the same time, repressive measures were taken to eliminate intellectual political opponents: for example, more than 200 prominent representatives of
Russian science and culture were expelled from the country on the
510:
403:
188:. Cultural work was deliberately limited to elementary forms, because, according to some researchers, the Soviet regime needed a performing culture, but not a creative one. However, the rate of
145:
308:-class ideology, "communist education", mass culture and education, which was necessary for the formation of a large number of production personnel and the formation of a new "Soviet
133:
67:. Also, in the course of the cultural revolution, the organization of scientific activity in the Soviet Union underwent considerable restructuring and reorganization.
125:, and others. The main task of the cultural revolution was the introduction of the principles of Marxist ideology into the personal convictions of Soviet citizens.
128:
To implement the program in the first months of Soviet power, a network of organs of the party-state administration of the cultural life of society was created:
957:
Revolution and
Culture. Cultural Landmarks in the Period Between the October Revolution and the Era of Stalinism / Translation from German by Irina Kartasheva
40:, aimed at a radical restructuring of the cultural and ideological life of society. The goal was to form a new type of culture as part of the building of a
568:
276:" began to operate – special technical bureaus of prisoners organized by the internal affairs bodies for carrying out important research and design works.
252:
were established. To attract the "old" scientific personnel, commissions were created to improve the life of scientists, and relevant decrees were issued.
75:
1002:. Leninism and the Problem of the Cultural Revolution – in the Book: Nikolai Bukharin. Selected Works – Moscow: Politizdat, 1988 – p. 368–390
165:
propaganda was widely developed, religion began to be persecuted, clubs, warehouses, production facilities were organized in churches, and strict
1012:
157:
of newspapers, pamphlets, books, and all other products of the printing press, and provides for their free distribution throughout the country.
148:
and others. The institutions of culture were nationalized: publishing houses, museums, film factories; freedom of the press was abolished. The
228:
177:
33:
571:; National Social Science Foundation; Chairman of the Scientific and Editorial Board. Vyacheslav Stepin — Moscow: Think, 2000—2001 —
1076:
114:
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44:, including an increase in the proportion of people from proletarian classes in the social composition of the intelligentsia.
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759:
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60:
64:
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Trotsky and His
Comrades: the Left Opposition and Political Culture of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), 1923–1924
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969:
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284:, who spoke in print with a series of articles published in the eponymous brochure (three editions were published).
215:
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41:
888:
878:
491:
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349:
249:
193:
56:
48:
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378:
732:
1017:
795:
780:. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House of the European University at Saint Petersburg. pp. 81–101.
287:
Ideological hegemony in carrying out the cultural revolution has always remained with the party. The
152:, for its part, proclaimed that the workers and peasants should have the means to print and publish:
20:- Woman, learn to read and write! - Oh, Mother! If you were literate, you could help me! A poster by
946:
918:
902:
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185:
173:
78:
writes that the term "cultural revolution" in Russia appeared in the "Anarchism
Manifesto" of the
149:
1030:
588:
601:
269:
257:
433:
Socialist
Cultural Revolution // Great Encyclopedia "Terra". Volume 24. Moscow, «Terra», 2006
219:
1925 propaganda poster: "If You Don't Read Books, You'll Soon Forget How to Read and Write"
109:
The
Cultural Revolution as a change in the ideology of society was launched soon after the
52:
47:
The cultural revolution in the Soviet Union as a focused program for the transformation of
21:
8:
538:. Tasks of the Section of Scientists in the Cultural Revolution // Scientist. 1928. № 5/6
172:
Most of the masses were uneducated and illiterate: for example, from the results of the
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881:
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635:
443:
117:
appeared. Items related to religious education were removed from the education system:
110:
94:
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911:
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made a break with the traditions of the centuries-old historical cultural heritage.
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Models of nature. Ecology, Conservation and
Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia
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327:
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261:
176:, it followed that only 41.7% of the population over 8 years old could read in
87:
83:
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Cultivating the Masses. Modern State
Practices and Soviet Socialism, 1914—1939
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According to one of the points of view, during this period, the means of
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260:. Since the end of the 1920s, bourgeois specialists were "crowded out": "
104:
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in practice often stalled and was massively implemented only during the
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in May 1917, and was introduced into the Soviet political language by
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to be the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in the Soviet Union.
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Cultural Revolution and Scientists. Digest of Articles / Edited by
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319:
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224:
205:
129:
118:
16:
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The Russian Review. Volume 58, Issue 2, pages 202—209, April 1999
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The Russian Review. Volume 58, Issue 2, pages 181—201, April 1999
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241:
231:, Kyrgyz, Bashkir, Buryat, etc.) were created. A wide network of
162:
115:
Decree on Separation of Church from State and School from Church
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232:
189:
181:
134:
Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
899:
The Cultural Front: Power and Culture in Revolutionary Russia
579:. 2nd Edition, Revised and Enlarged — Moscow: Think, 2010. —
344:
847:
Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union 1921—1934
733:"The ABC of Communism - Chapter VI : The Soviet Power"
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Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
808:
Bauer, R.A. The New Man in Soviet Psychology. Cambridge:
766:
Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia. Volume 1. Moscow, 1993;
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Cultural Revolution in National Regions: Myth or Reality
688:
Revolution and culture: the Bogdanov-Lenin controversy
299:
Results of the cultural revolution in the Soviet Union
105:
Cultural revolution in the early years of Soviet power
945:. UК: Centre for Russian and East European Studies,
942:
Higher Education and Cultural Revolution in the USSR
76:
Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
408:. Moscow: OLMA-Press Education. pp. 262, 288.
291:played a major role in fulfilling the tasks of the
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910:
908:
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567:// New Philosophical Encyclopedia: in 4 Volumes /
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442:
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180:. The cultural revolution primarily involved the
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509:Alexey Derevyanko, Natalia Shabelnikova (2011).
894:. Volume 58, Issue 2, pages 181—201, April 1999
884:. Volume 58, Issue 2, pages 202—209, April 1999
825:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011.
401:
326:creating a new type of person, that is, the "
192:for a variety of reasons was unsatisfactory.
93:However, many scholars attribute the idea to
731:Bukharin, Nikolai; Preobrazhensky, Evgenii.
938:
454:. United States: Indiana University Press.
1027:in Scientific Communism: Dictionary (1983)
625:
295:in carrying out the cultural revolution.
227:of several nationalities (the Far North,
184:, which was necessary for the subsequent
979:Mikhail Gerandokov, Gerandokova (2003).
913:Cultural revolution in Russia, 1928-1931
450:Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928–1931
330:", should be considered largely failed.
312:" from the working-peasant environment.
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186:scientific and technological development
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863:. USA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
32:was a set of activities carried out in
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515:. Moscow: Prospekt. pp. 531–532.
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960:. Saint Petersburg: Magazine «
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512:History of Russia: Study Guide
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1072:Political and cultural purges
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879:Cultural Revolution Revisited
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174:census of the 1920 population
889:What Is Cultural Revolution?
479:What Is Cultural Revolution?
7:
954:Stefan Plaggenborg (2000).
909:Sheila Fitzpatrick (1984).
685:Sochor, Zenovia A. (1988).
649:10.1111/0036-0341.651999065
350:Cultural Revolution (China)
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250:Institute of Red Professors
194:Universal primary education
10:
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857:Douglas R. Weiner (2000).
851:Cambridge University Press
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776:Reznik, Alexander (2017).
691:(1 ed.). Ithaca, NY:
381:– Volume 16 – Moscow, 2010
379:Great Russian Encyclopedia
161:In the field of ideology,
1062:1950s in the Soviet Union
1057:1940s in the Soviet Union
1052:1930s in the Soviet Union
1047:1920s in the Soviet Union
1018:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
796:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
606:Marxists Internet Archive
190:elimination of illiteracy
113:. On January 23, 1918, a
947:University of Birmingham
933:culture revolution ussr.
919:Indiana University Press
903:Cornell University Press
810:Harvard University Press
693:Cornell University Press
551:— Moscow: Educator, 1928
466:culture revolution ussr.
182:fight against illiteracy
402:Yuri Nikiforov (2006).
377:Cultural Revolution //
258:Philosophical Steamship
223:At this time, national
150:1918 RSFSR Constitution
270:Industrial Party Trial
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86:in 1923 in the paper "
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1025:"Cultural Revolution"
1013:"Cultural Revolution"
792:"Cultural Revolution"
272:", etc. Since 1929, "
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208:was eliminated after
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53:first five-year plans
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939:P. H. Kneen (1976).
490:Sheila Fitzpatrick.
238:Communist University
22:Elizaveta Kruglikova
1031:Cultural Revolution
821:Hoffmann, David L.
711:10.7591/j.ctvfrxs8d
589:Copy of the Article
565:Cultural Revolution
477:Michael David‐Fox.
132:(department of the
30:cultural revolution
1033:on dic.academic.ru
892:The Russian Review
882:The Russian Review
762:2017-10-15 at the
695:. pp. 16–17.
636:The Russian Review
627:David-Fox, Michael
444:Sheila Fitzpatrick
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204:in the 1930. Mass
111:October Revolution
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