178:. The study examined equality of opportunity and the exercise of power by bureaucratic, economic, and political elites in Canada, with Porter arguing that "not unlike other western industrial nations", Canada relied "on its elite groups to make major decisions and to determine the shape and direction of its development." In their work, Porter also argues that certain ethnic groups tended to fare better than others in regards to measures of income, education, and health than others, and as such classified them as "elite groups", who tended to be overrepresented among Canada's
145:
banks. These architectural figures of the landscape, apart altogether of their religious significance, are centers where crossing the threshold on
Sundays, one has the opportunity of hearing Swedish music, or the rich, deep chanting of the Russian responses; and of viewing at close hand the artistry that goes to make up the interior appointments of these churches transplanted from the East to the West…It is indeed a mosaic of vast dimensions and great breadth, essayed of the Prairie.
20:
2139:
874:
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2151:
213:
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Canada has been one of the world's major immigrant-receiving societies. Until the 1960s immigrants were expected to assimilate into the mainstream society. Arriving as it did during a time of social upheaval, Porter's work had a marked influence on
Canadian
144:
New
Canadians, representing many places and widely separated sections of Old Europe, have contributed to the Prairie Provinces a variety in the way of Church Architecture. Cupolas and domes distinctly Eastern, almost Turkish, startle one above the tops of Manitoba maples or the bush of the river
263:, have argued that the entire melting pot/mosaic dynamic is largely an imagined concept and that there remains little measurable evidence that American or Canadian immigrants as collective groups can be proven to be more or less "assimilated" or "multicultural" than each other.
126:
in Canada is growing. And, Canadians listed more than 200 ethnic groups in answering the 2001 Census question on ethnic ancestry, reflecting a varied, rich cultural mosaic as the nation started the new millennium. In the 2016 Census, there were more than 250 ethnic groups in
121:
over the past 100 years has shaped Canada, with each new wave of immigrants adding to the nation’s ethnic and cultural composition. Half a century ago, most immigrants came from Europe. Now most newcomers are from Asia. As a result, the number of
2852:
233:
in 1971 and appointed a minister responsible for multiculturalism in 1972. In 1973, a
Canadian Multiculturalism Council was established, along with a Multiculturalism Branch within the Department of the Secretary of State.
114:
describes a nation that, at the outset of the 21st century, has become progressively more and more multi-ethnic and multicultural. The introduction to the report describes this in the following way:
535:
197:
Porter’s findings have been tested in several studies since 1965 and have been modified slightly. For example, the economic disparity between ethnic groups has narrowed somewhat and
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519:
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and their descendants were encouraged to cut off ties with their countries and cultures of origin so as to assimilate into the
American way of life.
2879:
2862:
3132:
532:
2174:
3106:
2736:
2208:
737:
562:
619:
The
Canadian Mosaic vs. The American Melting Pot. Two different concepts dealing with the phenomenon how to integrate new immigrants
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1962:
163:. Gibbon clearly disapproved of the American melting-pot concept. He saw the melting pot as a process by which
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2017:
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39:
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2012:
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83:
35:
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23:
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1009:
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636:
219:
202:
598:
Managing the
Canadian Mosaic in Wartime: Shaping Citizenship Policy, 1939-1945
3209:
2774:
2762:
2679:
2536:
2124:
2109:
2094:
2069:
2059:
1987:
1947:
1815:
1687:
1451:
1431:
1396:
1316:
1257:
1237:
1222:
1196:
1110:
1059:
601:. McGill-Queen's studies in ethnic history. McGill-Queen's University Press.
215:
95:
67:
2089:
2034:
2022:
2007:
1977:
1890:
1830:
1436:
1120:
1100:
1095:
1044:
272:
242:
The "cultural mosaic" theory is not without critics. Some pundits, such as
522:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Dominion. Retrieved on: 2011-09-22.
3051:
2817:
2592:
2465:
2099:
2002:
1972:
1657:
1115:
1014:
921:
91:
19:
3089:
3030:
3018:
2921:
1164:
942:
218:. The view of Canada as a mosaic of cultures became the basis for the
183:
164:
637:
2274:
1992:
1391:
191:
71:
2186:
589:
The
Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada
176:
The
Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada
2541:
2373:
187:
75:
31:
564:
The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy
533:"We're often more like Americans than we're like other Canadians."
3066:
3060:
2470:
863:
201:
are better represented in politics and government. However, the
1174:
205:
elites in Canada remain dominated by people of British origin.
87:
79:
3137:
179:
27:
3122:
560:
381:
379:
832:
472:
Voices, Volume 1, Number 4. Retrieved on: June 13, 2008.
376:
2858:
Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories
208:
136:
Victoria Hayward described the cultural changes of the
2916:
Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems
745:
502:
Multiculturalism and the History of Canadian Diversity
320:
Understanding military culture: a Canadian perspective
34:, written in the four official languages of the city:
2870:
Official bilingualism in the public service of Canada
483:
Canada’s ethnocultural portrait: The changing mosaic.
323:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 111–115.
78:
that coexist within society. The idea of a cultural
16:
Co-existence of ethnic groups, languages and cultures
689:
Canada's ethnocultural portrait: The changing mosaic
468:Levine, Randy and Gifty Serbeh-Dunn (Spring 1999).
94:, which is often used to describe nations like the
2875:Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
2910:Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations
504:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 149-150.
3207:
442:(7th ed.). Globe Pequot Press. p. 31.
2880:Timeline of official languages policy in Canada
561:Kelley, Ninette; Michael J. Trebilcock (2010),
110:An ethnocultural profile of Canada prepared by
90:, that differs from other systems such as the
435:
174:published his influential sociological study,
2202:
848:
731:
567:(2nd ed.), University of Toronto Press,
131:
584:, McClelland & Stewart Limited, Toronto.
3107:2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests
2863:Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy
640:Canadian Mosaic: Essays on Multiculturalism
436:Burgess, Ann Carroll; Burgess, Tom (2005).
404:
2209:
2195:
855:
841:
738:
724:
514:
512:
510:
643:. Canada cahiers. Free University Press.
615:
657:
229:The Canadian government established the
18:
507:
316:
3208:
2588:List of Canadian peacekeeping missions
594:
349:
140:as a "mosaic" as early as the 1920s:
2216:
2190:
836:
719:
387:"CANADA: A MOSAIC, NOT A MELTING POT"
2737:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
2150:
1751:Role of Christianity in civilization
209:Influence on multiculturalism policy
153:to refer to Canadian society was by
2162:
410:
13:
553:
531:Gardner, D. (September 24, 2008).
14:
3242:
2967:Citizen's Forum on National Unity
680:
82:is intended to suggest a form of
2623:Canada in the War in Afghanistan
2527:List of National Parks of Canada
2381:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
2161:
2149:
2138:
2137:
872:
704:The Canadian Encyclopedia online
3145:Canada–United Kingdom relations
2848:Official bilingualism in Canada
2237:Canadian cultural protectionism
1963:Culture and positive psychology
873:
525:
417:McGill-Queen’s University Press
3231:Metaphors referring to objects
3128:Canada–United States relations
2742:Charter of the French Language
2367:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946
1402:High- and low-context cultures
591:. University of Toronto Press.
494:
475:
462:
429:
343:
310:
149:Another early use of the term
1:
2659:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
2438:Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry
2263:National identities in Canada
303:
293:Multiculturalism in Australia
288:Multicultural media in Canada
231:Official Multiculturalism Act
226:policies in the early 1970s.
1968:Culture and social cognition
953:Cross-cultural communication
661:Women in the Canadian Mosaic
278:Monument to Multiculturalism
237:
7:
3190:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
3116:International relationships
2786:Conscription Crisis of 1944
2781:Conscription Crisis of 1917
2709:Quebec sovereignty movement
2520:Landmarks, parks and nature
2050:Intercultural communication
862:
356:. Crabtree Pub. p. 4.
266:
105:
10:
3247:
3226:Multiculturalism in Canada
3221:Canadian political phrases
3080:First Nations territories
2704:National question (Quebec)
2613:Canada and the Vietnam War
2337:Provincial and territorial
1493:Cross cultural sensitivity
1160:Resistance through culture
500:Day, Richard J.F. (2000).
283:Multiculturalism in Canada
132:Origin and use of the term
3182:
3115:
2988:
2888:
2840:
2769:Manitoba Schools Question
2672:
2631:
2575:
2519:
2404:
2324:
2262:
2224:
2133:
2105:Transformation of culture
1798:
1718:
1538:Cultural environmentalism
1475:
1215:
1078:
968:Cross-cultural psychology
963:Cross-cultural psychiatry
958:Cross-cultural leadership
935:
884:
870:
807:
767:
758:
546:Retrieved on: 2009-11-20.
3195:Canadian property bubble
2618:Canada in the Korean War
2356:Debates and legislation:
2065:Living things in culture
2055:Intercultural competence
1958:Culture and menstruation
1457:Trans-cultural diffusion
664:. P. Martin Associates.
64:"la mosaĂŻque culturelle"
3216:Ethnic groups in Canada
3162:Canada–France relations
3150:Commonwealth of Nations
3084:Eeyou Istchee James Bay
2905:Rebellions of 1837–1838
2831:Québécois nation motion
2813:Quebec referendum, 1995
2808:Quebec referendum, 1980
2389:Republicanism in Canada
1876:Cultural homogenization
1106:Individualistic culture
1040:Popular culture studies
1025:Intercultural relations
470:"Mosaic vs. Melting Pot
439:Guide to Western Canada
350:Kalman, Bobbie (2010).
317:Douglas, Allan (2004).
2996:National organizations
2941:Constitution Act, 1982
2928:Fulton–Favreau formula
2924:debate (1960s to 1982)
2757:Lower Canada Rebellion
2608:Canada in the Cold War
2603:Canada in World War II
2501:Architecture of Canada
2246:Demographics of Canada
1811:Archaeological culture
1558:Cultural globalization
1427:Organizational culture
1275:Cultural communication
1233:Cultural appropriation
1020:Intercultural learning
948:Cross-cultural studies
616:Schneider, A. (2015).
147:
129:
63:
51:
2892:Territorial relations
2699:Anti-Quebec sentiment
2598:Canada in World War I
2583:Canadian Armed Forces
2080:Participatory culture
1871:Cultural evolutionism
1695:Multiracial democracy
1573:Cultural intelligence
1518:Cultural conservatism
1508:Cultural backwardness
1498:Cultural assimilation
1372:Cultural reproduction
1228:Cultural appreciation
1180:Far-right subcultures
1070:Transcultural nursing
1035:Philosophy of culture
912:Cultural neuroscience
892:Cultural anthropology
820:Multiracial democracy
712:(archived 4 May 2012)
658:Matheson, G. (1976).
259:journalism professor
142:
119:Immigration to Canada
116:
22:
3063:(no final agreement)
3012:North-West Rebellion
2973:Charlottetown Accord
2796:Vive le Québec libre
2747:Civil Code of Quebec
2714:Federalism in Quebec
2639:Government of Canada
2576:War and peacekeeping
2385:Monarchism in Canada
2270:Canadian nationalism
2075:Oppositional culture
2045:Emotions and culture
1953:Cultural sensibility
1943:Cultural translation
1881:Cultural institution
1861:Cultural determinism
1583:Cultural nationalism
1568:Cultural imperialism
1528:Cultural deprivation
1422:Non-material culture
1055:Sociology of culture
1050:Semiotics of culture
710:Multicultural Canada
413:"Racial Mosaic, The"
3172:Canada (New France)
3006:Red River Rebellion
2989:Aboriginal politics
2979:Calgary Declaration
2890:Federal–Provincial–
2825:Sponsorship scandal
2664:VIA Rail Canada Inc
2654:Royal Canadian Mint
2433:Toronto Maple Leafs
2374:National Anthem Act
1926:Culture speculation
1921:Cultural relativism
1851:Cultural competence
1741:Cultural Christians
1613:Cultural Revolution
1603:Cultural radicalism
1578:Cultural liberalism
1513:Cultural Bolshevism
1488:Consumer capitalism
1442:Relational mobility
1382:Cultural technology
1290:Cultural dissonance
1207:Culture by location
1170:Alternative culture
1086:Constructed culture
1065:Theology of culture
1005:Cultural psychology
985:Cultural entomology
595:Caccia, I. (2010).
582:The Canadian Mosaic
481:Statistics Canada.
411:Meister, Daniel R.
353:Canada: The Culture
257:Carleton University
157:, in his 1938 book
3183:Current challenges
3041:Inuit territories
2853:Gendron Commission
2673:Relations between
2632:Crown corporations
2428:Montreal Canadiens
2304:Alberta separatism
2299:Western alienation
2287:Quebec nationalism
2280:Canadian ethnicity
2085:Permission culture
2018:Disability culture
1998:Children's culture
1866:Cultural diversity
1826:Circuit of culture
1608:Cultural retention
1588:Cultural pessimism
1543:Cultural exception
1533:Cultural diplomacy
1523:Cultural contracts
1483:Colonial mentality
1412:Manuscript culture
1387:Cultural universal
1357:Cultural pluralism
1337:Cultural landscape
1332:Cultural invention
1300:Cultural framework
1202:Vernacular culture
1000:Cultural mediation
980:Cultural economics
975:Cultural analytics
907:Cultural geography
897:Cultural astronomy
702:"Vertical Mosaic"
695:2007-02-02 at the
687:Statistics Canada
538:2020-08-06 at the
488:2007-02-02 at the
245:The Globe and Mail
155:John Murray Gibbon
124:visible minorities
52:
3203:
3202:
2961:Meech Lake Accord
2948:Canada Health Act
2900:Province building
2841:Language politics
2557:Plains of Abraham
2552:Chateau Frontenac
2455:Toronto Blue Jays
2412:Culture of Canada
2395:Great Flag Debate
2292:Culture of Quebec
2230:Culture of Canada
2218:Canadian identity
2184:
2183:
2013:Death and culture
1906:Cultural movement
1896:Cultural literacy
1756:Eastern Orthodoxy
1668:Dominator culture
1663:Deculturalization
1563:Cultural hegemony
1553:Cultural genocide
1548:Cultural feminism
1367:Cultural property
1362:Cultural practice
1347:Cultural leveling
1342:Cultural learning
1327:Cultural industry
1322:Cultural identity
1305:Cultural heritage
1295:Cultural emphasis
1280:Cultural conflict
1253:Cultural behavior
1243:Cultural artifact
1155:Primitive culture
1131:Political culture
830:
829:
671:978-0-88778-125-4
650:978-90-6256-653-2
629:978-3-656-90722-0
608:978-0-7735-3658-6
587:Porter, J. 1965.
580:Gibbon, J. 1938.
574:978-0-8020-9536-7
363:978-0-7787-9284-0
138:Canadian Prairies
112:Statistics Canada
26:sign outside the
3238:
3101:Royal Commission
3095:
3057:
2955:Victoria Charter
2791:Quiet Revolution
2724:Distinct society
2689:Acadian movement
2567:Canadian Rockies
2532:Winter in Canada
2484:Calgary Stampede
2423:Hockey in Canada
2316:Anti-Americanism
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2152:
2141:
2140:
2030:Drinking culture
1983:Culture industry
1931:Cultural tourism
1911:Cultural mulatto
1886:Cultural jet lag
1821:Cannabis culture
1778:Cultural Muslims
1700:Pluriculturalism
1683:Multiculturalism
1673:Interculturalism
1648:Culture minister
1638:Cultural Zionism
1633:Cultural subsidy
1628:Cultural silence
1503:Cultural attaché
1462:Transculturation
1417:Material culture
1407:Interculturality
1263:Cultural capital
1248:Cultural baggage
1185:Youth subculture
1126:Official culture
1091:Dominant culture
1030:Internet culture
995:Cultural mapping
990:Cultural history
917:Cultural studies
902:Cultural ecology
876:
875:
857:
850:
843:
834:
833:
808:Related concepts
747:Multiculturalism
740:
733:
726:
717:
716:
675:
654:
633:
612:
577:
547:
529:
523:
516:
505:
498:
492:
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460:
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457:
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423:
408:
402:
401:
399:
398:
383:
374:
373:
371:
370:
347:
341:
340:
338:
337:
314:
250:
224:multiculturalism
84:multiculturalism
66:) is the mix of
3246:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3178:
3167:La Francophonie
3111:
3093:
3055:
3037:Self-Government
3026:Indian Register
2984:
2935:Canada Act 1982
2891:
2884:
2836:
2753:Notable events:
2677:
2668:
2627:
2571:
2547:Parliament Hill
2515:
2511:Music of Canada
2506:Canadian humour
2496:Media of Canada
2443:Edmonton Oilers
2400:
2320:
2258:
2253:Canadian values
2220:
2215:
2185:
2180:
2129:
2120:Western culture
2115:Welfare culture
2040:Eastern culture
1901:Cultural mosaic
1856:Cultural critic
1846:Cultural center
1794:
1768:Cultural Hindus
1714:
1705:Polyculturalism
1678:Monoculturalism
1653:Culture of fear
1623:Cultural safety
1618:Cultural rights
1598:Cultural racism
1593:Cultural policy
1471:
1377:Cultural system
1352:Cultural memory
1285:Cultural cringe
1211:
1143:Popular culture
1074:
1010:Cultural values
931:
880:
866:
861:
831:
826:
803:
763:
754:
751:cultural mosaic
744:
697:Wayback Machine
683:
678:
672:
651:
630:
622:. GRIN Verlag.
609:
575:
556:
554:Further reading
551:
550:
544:Ottawa Citizen.
540:Wayback Machine
530:
526:
520:Vertical Mosaic
517:
508:
499:
495:
490:Wayback Machine
480:
476:
467:
463:
454:
452:
450:
434:
430:
421:
419:
409:
405:
396:
394:
391:Washington Post
385:
384:
377:
368:
366:
364:
348:
344:
335:
333:
331:
315:
311:
306:
269:
253:Jeffrey Simpson
248:
240:
211:
160:Canadian Mosaic
134:
108:
56:Cultural mosaic
48:Pannonian Rusyn
17:
12:
11:
5:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3155:British Empire
3152:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3072:agreement 1993
3064:
3058:
3048:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3023:
3022:(1876-present)
3015:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2802:October Crisis
2799:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2730:État québécois
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Great Upheaval
2691:
2685:
2683:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Bank of Canada
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2448:Calgary Flames
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Cultural probe
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Cross-cultural
1838:
1836:Coffee culture
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1806:Animal culture
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1710:Transculturism
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1643:Culture change
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1467:Visual culture
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Safety culture
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:Cross-cultural
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
945:
939:
937:
933:
932:
930:
929:
927:Culture theory
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:
871:
868:
867:
860:
859:
852:
845:
837:
828:
827:
825:
824:
823:
822:
815:Multiracialism
811:
809:
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
795:
794:
789:
777:
771:
769:
765:
764:
759:
756:
755:
743:
742:
735:
728:
720:
714:
713:
707:
699:
682:
681:External links
679:
677:
676:
670:
655:
649:
634:
628:
613:
607:
592:
585:
578:
573:
557:
555:
552:
549:
548:
524:
506:
493:
474:
461:
448:
428:
403:
375:
362:
342:
329:
308:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
268:
265:
239:
236:
210:
207:
203:socio-economic
133:
130:
107:
104:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3243:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:speech (1967)
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:Regulation 17
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:Durham Report
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Two Solitudes
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:Niagara Falls
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Annexationism
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2125:Youth culture
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:Urban culture
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Remix culture
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Media culture
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Languaculture
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:Culture shock
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:Cultural turn
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Bennett scale
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Protestantism
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:Biculturalism
1686:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Technoculture
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Print culture
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:Enculturation
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Cultural icon
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Cultural bias
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Cultural area
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Acculturation
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1197:Super culture
1195:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Legal culture
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Sound culture
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
938:
934:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
887:
883:
879:
869:
865:
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
838:
835:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
810:
806:
800:
797:
793:
790:
788:
787:
783:
782:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
752:
748:
741:
736:
734:
729:
727:
722:
721:
718:
711:
708:
706:
705:
700:
698:
694:
691:
690:
685:
684:
673:
667:
663:
662:
656:
652:
646:
642:
641:
635:
631:
625:
621:
620:
614:
610:
604:
600:
599:
593:
590:
586:
583:
579:
576:
570:
566:
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2466:Maple syrup
2168:WikiProject
2100:Tea culture
2003:Culturalism
1973:Culture gap
1936:Pop-culture
1736:Catholicism
1658:Culture war
1116:Low culture
1015:Culturomics
922:Culturology
799:Netherlands
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768:By country
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2930:(to 1965)
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1993:Culturgen
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1719:Religions
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878:Outline
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1079:Types
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3123:NATO
2938:and
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