Cyberbullying - Knowledge

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cyberstalked one of his former partners. A news article on it states, "Between October 2018 and continuing until October 2020, Evitt used email, Facebook, and text messages to control and threaten the victim. However, his abuse of the victim had started years before. Between 2012 and 2019, Evitt was convicted on 5 different occasions for physically abusing the victim including strangulation, assault, and interfering with reporting. Evitt was also on state supervision at the time of the current offenses.""(The unidentified victim) explained that Evitt had destroyed her sense of security and became emotional when she discussed Evitt's statement that he would rather see her dead than happy. She also stated, 'the longer he is away from my children and I, the more time we have to try and heal and move on with our lives, if that is even possible.'"

3282:). Their research documented that cyberbullying instances had been increasing over the preceding several years. They also reported findings from a then–recent study of cyberbullying. In a random sample of approximately 2000 middle–school students from a large school district in the southern United States, about 10% of respondents reported being cyberbullied in the previous 30 days while over 17% reported having been cyberbullied at least once in their lifetime. While these rates are slightly lower than some of the findings from their previous research, Hinduja and Patchin pointed out that the earlier studies were predominantly conducted among older adolescents and Internet samples; that is, older youth use the Internet more frequently and are more likely to experience cyberbullying than younger children. 2880:, developed an application to help fight bullying, "Back Off Bully" (BOB). This is an anonymous resource for computer, smart phone or iPad, designed so when someone witnesses or is the victim of bullying, they can immediately report the incident. The app asks questions about time, location and how the bullying is happening, as well as provides positive action and empowerment regarding the incident. The reported information goes to a database, where it may be studied by administrators. Common threads are spotted so others can intervene and break the bully's pattern. "Back Off Bully" is being considered as standard operating procedure at schools across Connecticut, while recent studies carried out among 66 high school teachers have concluded that prevention programs have proved ineffective to date. 3185:

relatively minor behavior (41% were disrespected, 19% were called names), over 12% were physically threatened and about 5% were scared for their safety. Notably, fewer than 15% of victims told an adult about the incident. Additional research by Hinduja and Patchin in 2007 found that youth who report being victims of cyberbullying also experience stress or strain that is related to offline problem behaviors such as running away from home, cheating on a test, skipping school, or using alcohol or marijuana. The authors acknowledge that both of these studies provide only preliminary information about the nature and consequences of online bullying, due to the methodological challenges associated with an online survey.

3291: 2196:'s more specific definition: "the process of using the Internet, cell phones or other devices to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person." Cyberbullying is often similar to traditional bullying, with some notable distinctions. Victims of cyberbullying may not know the identity of their bully, or why the bully is targeting them, based on the online nature of the interaction. The harassment can have wide-reaching effects on the victim, as the content used to harass the victim can be spread and shared easily among many people and often remains accessible long after the initial incident. 11416: 2378:) or defamatory false accusations, ganging up on a victim by making the person the subject of ridicule in online forums, hacking into or vandalizing sites about a person, and posting false statements as fact aimed a discrediting or humiliating a targeted person. Cyberbullying could be limited to posting rumors about a person on the internet with the intention of bringing about hatred in others' minds or convincing others to dislike or participate in online denigration of a target. It may go to the extent of personally identifying victims of crime and publishing materials defaming or humiliating them. 2458:. Cyberbullying has become harder to stop because parents and teachers are unaware of when and where it is happening. A 2006 study found that 45% of teens and 30% of adolescents were cyberbullied while at school. This was linked to the reason students had access to their online devices such as cell phones or computers. Teens will say awful things to one another online and what they do not realize is that once it is said and published online it will not go away. Home used to be a safe place for teens, but now a child is still within reach of becoming a victim of cyberbullying – whether it is through 2389:, creating fake accounts, comments or sites posing as their target for the purpose of publishing material in their name that defames, discredits or ridicules them. This can leave the cyberbully anonymous, which can make it difficult for them to be caught or punished for their behavior, although not all cyberbullies maintain their anonymity. Users of semi–anonymous chat websites are at high risk for cyberbullying, as it is also easy in this outlet for a cyberbully to remain anonymous. Text or instant messages and emails between friends can also constitute cyberbullying if what is said is hurtful. 2440: 2436:

cruelty say they have ignored mean behavior on social media, and 35 percent have done so frequently. Ninety–five percent of social–media–using teens who have witnessed cruel behavior on social networking sites say they have seen others ignoring the mean behavior, and 55 percent have witnessed this frequently. Terms like "Facebook depression" have been coined specifically in regard to the result of extended social media use, with cyberbullying playing a large part in this.

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females. This is not proven, but speculated based on literature reviews of research indicating that significant data is self–reported. Comparatively, the review of articles indicates that age differences have some indicators of cyberbullying; increasing age indicates increasing bullying behaviors. Gender differences have mixed results, but one finding indicated that younger females (10 or 11) and older males (13+) tend to engage in cyber bullying behaviors.

3254:, a film based on Stanford–accredited research. She worked in focus groups for ten weeks in three schools to learn about the problem of cyberbullying in northern California. The findings determined that over 60% of students had been cyberbullied and were victims of cyberbullying. The film is now being used in classrooms nationwide as it was designed around learning goals pertaining to problems that students had understanding the topic. The middle school of 2432:. "By 2008, 93% of young people between the ages of 12 and 17 were online. In fact, youth spend more time with media than any single other activity besides sleeping." The last decade has witnessed a surge of cyberbullying, which is categorized as bullying that occurs through the use of electronic communication technologies, such as e–mail, instant messaging, social media, online gaming, or through digital messages or images sent to a cellular phone. 14117: 14104: 11732: 2501: 11744: 2743: 60: 2983:

harassment affects men and women differently; men are approximately twice as likely as women to have experienced online harassment because of their political views. However, women politicians are disproportionately more likely to be sexually harassed online. Women lawmakers are three times more likely than their male counterparts to receive sexually abusive comments, including threats of rape, beatings, death, or abduction.

3773: 3114:, which involves alienating the victim from peers through gossip or ostracism. This kind of attack can be easily launched via texting or other online activities. One 19–year–old Japanese student was targeted by classmates who posted his photo online, insulted him constantly, and asked him to die. Because of the constant harassment, he did attempt suicide twice. Even when he quit school, the attacks did not stop. 3983:

growth and development into adulthood. Younger children and teenagers are 76.2% less likely to display suicidal behaviors and thoughts, but are still at risk depending on other factors such as mental health status, home care, and relationships with others. The risk of suicide increases by 35% to 45% when victims do not have any support from anyone in their life, and cyberbullying amplifies the situation.

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age 18 and under, Working to Halt Online Abuse is a help resource containing a list of current and pending cyberstalking–related United States federal and state laws. It also lists those states that do not yet have laws, and related laws from other countries. The Global Cyber Law Database (GCLD) aims to become the most comprehensive and authoritative source of cyber laws for all countries.

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harassment a misdemeanor. The city of St. Charles, Missouri passed a similar ordinance. Missouri is among the states where lawmakers are pursuing state legislation, with task forces expected to have cyberbullying laws drafted and implemented. In June 2008, Rep. Linda Sanchez (D-Calif.) and Rep. Kenny Hulshof (R-Mo.) proposed a federal law that would criminalize acts of cyberbullying.

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involved in cyberbullying just as much as males, and females are sometimes even found more involved in cyberbullying than males are. The reason behind this is because of the way they respond; men will usually respond with physical retaliation, while women will use "indirect forms such as gossiping." As cyberbullying is a more indirect form, women are more likely to be involved.

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of online abuse. Dating app users are more likely to experience hate speech and cyberbullying because of this rate, which is almost twice as high as the whole American population. In addition to sexual harassment, other forms of cyberbullying and hate speech are among the most frequent forms of harassment that users of these sites report experiencing.

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from the fighting game community, it's not the fighting game community." The comments were widely condemned by gamers, with comments in support of sexual harassment "drowned out by a vocal majority of people expressing outrage, disappointment and sympathy." The incident built momentum for action to counter sexual harassment in gaming.

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and those who were the victims of aggressive harassment (including being telephoned, sent gifts, or visited at home by the harasser). Compared to youth not harassed online, victims are more likely to have social problems. On the other hand, youth who harass others are more likely to have problems with rule breaking and aggression.

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is perpetrated may be best conceptualized as a new classification of aggression, rather than considering cyberbullying as a distinct counterpart to existing forms of aggression. They suggest that future research on cyberbullying be considered within the context of theoretical and empirical knowledge of aggression in adolescence.

3196:, of 770 youth between the ages of 11 and 19, 20% of respondents revealed that they had been bullied via electronic means. Almost three–quarters (73%) stated that they knew the bully, while 26% stated that the offender was a stranger. 10% of responders indicated that another person had taken a picture and/or video of them via a 2408:

cameras and Internet access and the instant availability of these modern smartphone technologies yield specific types of cyberbullying not found in other platforms. It is likely that those cyberbullied via mobile devices will experience a wider range of cyberbullying methods than those who are exclusively bullied elsewhere.

3046:. The authors of this study took the self–reports of 2,215 Finish adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 about cyberbullying and cybervictimization during the previous six months. It was found that, amongst the total sample, 4.8% were victims only, 7.4% were cyberbullies only, and 5.4% were cyberbully–victims. 2151:

offending behavior. However, another study involving over 6,500 Canadian youth in grades 4–12 did not find higher rates of cyberbullying involvement. The authors speculated that this might be a result of closer monitoring and involvement of online activities by parents while their children were at home.

4188:, WiredTrust, Children's Safety Research and Innovation Centre, and KidZui.com. Cyberharassment versus cyberbullying was a forefront topic, where age makes a difference; abusive internet behavior by adults with the repeated clear intent to harm, ridicule or damage a person or business was classified as 3873:

Being able to tell if a child is being hurt from this issue can be tough, but there are certain things that a child will do that should give a red flag that they are being bullied. A cyberbully could have said nasty words to that child and the victim could be looking for compliments. If the victim is

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Teachers should be involved in all prevention educational models, as they are essentially the "police" of the classroom. Most cyberbullying often goes unreported as the victim feels nothing can be done to help in their current situation. However, if given the proper tools with preventive measures and

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In 1993, Sweden was the first European Union country to have a law against cyberbullying. The Ordinance on Victimization at Work protected victims from "recurrent reprehensible or distinctly negative actions which are directed which are directed against individual employees in an offensive manner and

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In 2007, the European Union developed the Framework Agreement on Harassment and Violence at Work, a law that prevents bullying occurring in the workplace and holds employers accountable for providing fair working conditions. The law defines the responsibilities of an employer such as protecting their

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chose 48 out of 7,654 students from elementary school to high school who were classified as potential aggressors related to cyberbullying. 31 out of 48 students declared they barely participated in cyber–attacks. It is common among high school students (28 out of 36 students) to participate in social

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Also, women tend to have less face–to–face confrontations than men, and since cyberbullying occurs online, this allows women to have a greater chance to be attacked. According to a 2017 Pew Research study on online harassment, 14% of Americans have been harassed because of their political views. Such

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Research conducted to try to determine differences in cyberbullying patterns comparing male to female and ages of each are relatively inconclusive. There are some factors that lean towards males being more involved in cyberbullying behaviors due to males tending to have more aggressive behaviors than

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Research by the Pew Research Center highlights how common this issue is, finding that almost 60% of female users between the ages of 18 and 34 have received unsolicited sexual messages or photographs on dating apps. Moreover, it was found that 36% of American users of dating apps have been the victim

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Another study that discusses the direct correlation between exposure to violent video games and cyber bullying also took into account personal factors such as "duration of playing online games, alcohol consumption in the last 3 months, parents drunk in the last 3 months, anger, hostility, ADHD, and a

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study, eight out of ten teens who use social media now share more information about themselves than they have in the past. This includes their location, images, and contact information. In order to protect children, it is important that personal information such as age, birthday, school/church, phone

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when many youth and adults were quarantined at home and, as a consequence, online more often than before the pandemic. For example, a study of adults published in the Journal of Social Psychology identified statistically significant increases in pro–cyberbullying attitudes as well as in cyberbullying

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Awareness in the United States has risen in the 2010s, due in part to high-profile cases. Several US states and other countries have passed laws to combat cyberbullying. Some are designed to specifically target teen cyberbullying, while others extend from the scope of physical harassment. In cases of

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If preventive actions are not taken against cyberbullying, younger children in addition to teenagers will feel more lonely and depressed along with having significant changes in their eating and sleeping patterns as well as loss of interest in their normal activities. These changes will affect their

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In the United States, attempts have been made to pass legislation against cyberbullying. Few states attempted to pass broad sanctions in an effort to prohibit cyberbullying. Problems include how to define cyberbullying and cyberstalking, and, if charges are pressed, whether this violates the bully's

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Even in a perfect world, no crime can be stopped fully. That is why it is suggested that within this prevention method, effective coping strategies should be introduced and adopted. People can adopt coping strategies to combat future cyberbullying. Coping strategies may include social support groups

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As of mid–2015, countries in the European Union like the United Kingdom are in the process of creating laws specially related to cyberbullying. Since the process takes time, the government is supporting school programs to promote internet safety with the help of teachers and parents. This will allow

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In 2014, Mehari, Farrell, and Le published a study that focused on the literature on cyberbullying among adolescents. They found that researchers have generally assumed that cyberbullying is distinct from aggression perpetrated in person. Mehari et al. suggest that the media through which aggression

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in 2005, found that 9% of the young people in the survey had experienced some form of harassment. The survey was a nationally representative telephone survey of 1,500 youth 10–17 years old. One–third reported feeling distressed by the incident, with distress being more likely for younger respondents

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Arrow DIT claims that 23% of 9–16 year olds in Ireland have been bullied online or offline, compared to 19% in Europe. Although online bullying in Ireland stands at 4% according to Arrow DIT, this is lower than the European average, which stands at 6%, and half that of the UK where 8% reported being

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The nationwide Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Survey (Cross et al., 2009) assessed cyberbullying experiences among 7,418 students. The results indicated that rates of cyberbullying increased with age, with 4.9% of students in Year 4 reporting cyberbullying compared to 7.9% in year nine. Cross

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The US federal cyberstalking law is designed to prosecute people for using electronic means to repeatedly harass or threaten someone online. There are resources dedicated to helping adult victims deal with cyberbullies legally and effectively. One of the steps recommended is to record everything and

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Studies on the psycho–social effects of cyberspace have begun to monitor the effects cyberbullying may have on the victims. Consequences of cyberbullying are multi–faceted, and affect both online and offline behavior. Research on adolescents reported that changes in the victims' behavior as a result

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There are laws that only address online harassment of children or focus on child predators, as well as laws that protect adult cyberstalking victims, or victims of any age. Currently, there are 45 cyberstalking (and related) laws on the books. While some sites specialize in laws that protect victims

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A majority of states have laws that explicitly include electronic forms of communication within stalking or harassment laws. Most law enforcement agencies have cyber–crime units, and Internet stalking is often treated with more seriousness than reports of physical stalking. Help and resources can be

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Some internet users pose as children online in order to catch online predators, child sex trafficking rings and pedophiles. One such user is Roo Powell, who poses as a 15–year–old girl online in order to catch sex offenders targeting children. She is the star of the show "Undercover Underage," which

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Some teens argue that some events categorized as cyberbullying are simply drama. Danah Boyd writes, "teens regularly used that word to describe various forms of interpersonal conflict that ranged from insignificant joking around to serious jealousy–driven relational aggression. Whereas adults might

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The recent rise of smartphones and mobile apps have yielded a more accessible form of cyberbullying. It is expected that cyberbullying via these platforms will occur more often than through more stationary internet platforms because of constant access to the internet. In addition, the combination of

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illegal began in August 2012: End Revenge Porn. Currently revenge porn is only illegal in two states, but the demand for its criminalization is on the rise as digital technology has increased in the past few generations. The organization seeks to provide support for victims, educate the public, and

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When someone says nasty things healthy people can filter that out, they're able to put a block between that and their self–esteem. But mentally unwell people don't have the strength and the self–esteem to do that, to separate it, and so it gets compiled with everything else. To them, it becomes the

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The United States and some other countries have more extensive legislation on cyberbullying than the European Union. Cyberbullying incidents on social media are widespread and have increased drastically in number. However, the process of getting a claim against a bully is not an easy one because of

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since there is no legislation regulating cyberbullying. The pervasive nature of technology has made the act of bullying online much easier. A 24–hour internet connection gives bullies a neverending opportunity to find and bully victims. Employers in the European Union have more legal responsibility

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Cyberbullying can cause serious psychological impact to the victims. They often feel anxious, nervous, tired, and depressed. Other examples of negative psychological trauma include losing confidence as a result of being socially isolated from their schoolmates or friends. Psychological problems can

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Since teenagers find themselves congregating socially on the internet via social media, they become easy targets for cyberbullying. Cyberbullying may occur via email, text, chat rooms, and social media websites. Some cyberbullies set up websites or blogs to post the target's images, publicize their

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According to recent research, in Japan, 17 percent (compared with a 25–country average of 37 percent) of youth between the ages of 8 and 17 have been victims of online bullying. The number shows that online bullying is a serious concern in Japan. Teenagers who spend more than 10 hours a week on the

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teachers were victims of cyberbullying, and 15% knew of a colleague who had experienced it in the previous 12 months. 59% of the bullying was by pupils, mainly on social media, with the rest perpetrated by parents and other school staff. Various effects on bullied teachers included increased stress

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member states studied, an average 6% of children (9–16 years old) had been bullied and only 3% of them confessed to having been a bully. However, in an earlier publication by Hasenbrink et al. (2009), reporting on the results from a meta analysis from European Union countries, the authors estimated

2563:. Harassment related to gaming is not of a notably different severity or tenor compared to online harassment motivated by other subcultures or advocacy issues. Other developers have been harassed simply due to misogyny or anti–LGBTQ+ stances. A notable case was the death of "Near", the developer of 2546:

Competitive gaming scenes have been less welcoming of women than has broader gaming culture. In an internet-streamed fighting game competition, one female gamer forfeited a match after the coach of her team, Aris Bakhtanians, stated, "The sexual harassment is part of the culture. If you remove that

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Spamming is the act of creating multiple accounts and sending messages to a target en masse. A common situation where spam can occur is after a breakup. If one partner is obsessive, they may send their ex messages on multiple platforms. This often happens despite being blocked by the recipient. The

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Internet trolls intentionally try to provoke or offend others in order to elicit a reaction. Trolls and cyberbullies do not always have the same goals: while some trolls engage in cyberbullying, others may be engaged in comparatively harmless mischief. A troll may be disruptive either for their own

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Pink Shirt Day was inspired by David Shepherd and Travis Price. Their high school friends organized a protest in sympathy for a Grade 9 boy who was bullied for wearing a pink shirt. Their stance from wearing pink has been a huge inspiration in the Great Vancouver Mainland. "We know that victims of

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Most of the time cyberbullying goes unnoticed; the younger generation hides their bullying from anyone that can help to prevent the bullying from occurring and from getting worse. Between 20% and 40% of adolescents are victims of cyberbullying worldwide. The youth slowly change their behaviors and

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The effects of cyberbullying vary, but research illustrates that cyberbullying adversely affects youth to a higher degree than adolescents and adults. Youth are more likely to suffer since they are still growing mentally and physically. Jennifer N. Caudle, a certified family physician, says, "Kids

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by Ari Sandel for teenagers to watch and see how cyberbullying can affect an individual. Children that are victims of this problem feel they can not go to an adult for help because they may feel embarrassed by the situation. Bullying online will not only hurt the teenager emotionally, but there is

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In 2002, France passed the Social Modernization Law, which added consequences to the French Labor Code for cyberbullying such as holding employers accountable for their involvement in harassment. The legislation defines "moral harassment" as "repeated acts leading to a deterioration of the working

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Cyberbullying on social media has usually been student–to–student, but recently, students have been cyberbullying their teachers. High school students in Colorado created a Twitter site that bullies teachers. This ranges from obscenities to false accusations of inappropriate actions with students.

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Hinduja and Patchin completed a study in the summer of 2005 of approximately 1,500 Internet–using adolescents and found that over one–third of youth reported being victimized online, and over 16% of respondents admitted to cyberbullying others. While most of the instances of cyberbullying involved

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66% of the students said that they had never been bullied, 14% had been victims of traditional forms of bullying, 10% had been victims of cyberbullying, and the remaining 10% had been victims of both traditional forms of bullying and cyberbullying. Boys mostly said they were victims of traditional

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Several states, including Florida, California, and Missouri have passed laws against cyberbullying. California prohibits the use of an electronic device to cause someone to fear for their life. In Florida, the "Jeffrey Johnson Stand Up for All Students Act" prohibits any type of bullying including

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Of those who reported having experienced online harassment in a Pew Research poll, 16% said the most recent incident had occurred in an online game. A study from National Sun Yat–sen University observed that children who enjoyed violent video games were significantly more likely to both experience

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Some people will blackmail their classmates for nudes, threatening to release embarrassing information. They also use revenge porn and release nudes to get payback. This was the case when a 16–year–old student of W.F. West High School in Chehalis exploited more than 100 victims, many of which were

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is considered a form of cyberbullying. Sextortion, a form of sexual harassment, is the act of coercing a person into sharing intimate images before threatening to release them unless money is paid. It is a specific type of blackmail. The line between sexual harassment and cyberbullying is blurred.

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A frequently used definition of cyberbullying is "an aggressive, intentional act or behavior that is carried out by a group or an individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself." It is to be distinguished from normal

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ERASE (Expect Respect and A Safe Education) is an initiative started by the province of British Columbia to foster safe schools and prevent bullying. It builds on already–effective programs set up by the provincial government to ensure consistent policies and practices regarding the prevention of

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Researchers suggest that programs be put in place for prevention of cyberbullying. These programs would be incorporated into school curricula and would include online safety and instruction on how to use the Internet properly. This could teach the victim proper methods of potentially avoiding the

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The authors of this study were able to conclude that cyberbullying, as well as cybervictimization, is associated not only with psychiatric issues, but with psychosomatic issues as well. Many adolescents in the study reported headaches or difficulty sleeping. The authors believe that their results

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activists responding to their social media posts, including hundreds of negative false reviews on doctor ratings sites. This made some of the doctors more reluctant to share information about vaccines, but others formed groups to spread factual information about vaccine safety on social media in

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Cyberbullies mostly have at least one common trait. Cyberbullies generally get angry and discouraged easily and usually have strong personalities. They connect with others belligerently and do not care for the feelings of their victims. Both males and females engage in cyberbullying. Females are

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Dating app users who are victims of cyberbullying encounter a range of harmful behaviors, including catfishing, the uninvited sharing of personal images, and offensive remarks. These activities not only violate personal boundaries but also have a detrimental impact on the victims' mental health.

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Cyberbullying is in many cases an extension of already existing traditional bullying. Students who are bullied via the Internet have, in most cases, also been bullied in other more traditional ways before (e.g., physically or verbally). There are few students who are bullied exclusively over the

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Kann, Laura; Kinchen, Steve; Shanklin, Shari L.; Flint, Katherine H.; Hawkins, Joseph; Harris, William A.; Lowry, Richard; Olsen, Emily O'Malley; McManus, Tim; Chyen, David; Whittle, Lisa; Taylor, Eboni; Demissie, Zewditu; Brener, Nancy; Thornton, Jemekia; Moore, John; Zaza, Stephanie (June 13,

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Legislation geared at penalizing cyberbullying has been introduced in a number of U.S. states including New York, Missouri, Rhode Island and Maryland. At least 45 states have passed laws against digital harassment. Dardenne Prairie of Springfield, Missouri, passed a city ordinance making online

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report measured the relative levels of bullying in 42 states. According to the report, North Dakota, Illinois, Louisiana, Rhode Island, and Washington, D.C., have the most attempted suicides by high school students. The five states with highest percentage of students being bullied on campus are

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Children report negative online behaviors occurring from the second grade. According to research, boys initiate negative online activity earlier than girls. However, by middle school, girls are more likely to engage in cyberbullying than boys. Whether the bully is male or female, the purpose of

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There are many risks attached to social media sites, and cyberbullying is one of the larger risks. One million children were harassed, threatened or subjected to other forms of cyberbullying on Facebook during the past year, while 90 percent of social–media–using teens who have witnessed online

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Internet are more likely to become the targets of online bullying, though only 28 percent of the survey participants understood what cyberbullying is. However, they do know the severity of the issue; 63 percent of the surveyed students worried about being targeted as victims of cyberbullying.

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This can be a combination of most of the other methods in order to stalk someone using electronic means. This can include finding the victims location, harassing them with spam, or using sextortion. An example of this situation occurring is when Paris Deshaunte Evitt, a 30–year old from Tulsa

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According to the Cyberbullying Research Center, "there have been several high‐profile cases involving teenagers taking their own lives in part because of being harassed and mistreated over the Internet, a phenomenon we have termed cyberbullicide – suicide indirectly or directly influenced by

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While some states have laws that require schools to mediate cyberbullying conflicts, several states have been sued on First Amendment grounds for doing so. By examining the decisions of three such lawsuits heard in lower courts, Alvin J. Primack and Kevin A. Johnson argued that current First

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a victim. This is considered more dangerous than other forms of cyberbullying because it generally involves a credible threat to the victim's safety. Cyberstalkers may send repeated messages intended to threaten or harass, and they may encourage others to do the same, either explicitly or by

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Research has demonstrated a number of serious consequences of cyberbullying victimization. Victims may have lower self–esteem, increased suicidal ideation, and a variety of emotional responses, including being scared, frustrated, angry, and depressed. Cyberbullying may be more harmful than

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several criminal offences against those who send death threats online or deliberately share dangerous disinformation about fake Covid cures. Other new offences, such as revenge porn, posts advertising people–smuggling, and messages encouraging people to commit suicide, would fall under the

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In August 2008, the California state legislature passed one of the first laws in the country to deal directly with cyberbullying. Assembly Bill 86 2008 gives school administrators the authority to discipline students for bullying, offline or online. This law took effect on January 1, 2009.

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always online wondering when the bully will strike next that could also be a sign. Being an active parent in their children's lives will make a difference on whether their child is experiencing online bullying or not. Also bringing police involved in the case will be a problem solver too.

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published results of its survey as part of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) in June 2014, indicating the percentage of school children being bullied through e–mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, websites, or texting ("electronically bullied") during the course of 2013.

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Raza had to move schools multiple times, and became homeschooled. He was harassed for years over a video he did not upload. Today, he is working on a documentary talking about his internet fame and the harassment that came along with it. He wants to focus on internet privacy and consent.

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freedom of speech. B. Walther said that "Illinois is the only state to criminalize 'electronic communication(s) sent for the purpose of harassing another person' when the activity takes place outside a public school setting." This was criticized for infringement on freedom of speech.

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is an example that led to the conviction of the adult perpetrator of the attacks. Holly Grogan committed suicide by jumping off a 30–foot bridge near Gloucester in the UK. It was reported that a number of her schoolmates had posted a number of hateful messages on her Facebook page.

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is a day of celebration for those who choose to participate wearing a symbol of colors (pink, blue or purple) as a stance against bullying. A British Columbia teacher founded the Stop A Bully movement, which uses pink wristbands to represent the wearer's stance to stop bullying.

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documents her experiences exposing pedophiles and working with law enforcement. She is the founder of the nonprofit organization SOSA (Safe from Online Sex Abuse). Powell educates children on the dangers of online predators and talks to them about how to practice online safety.

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Doxxing is the act of disclosing a victim's personal data, such as their home address, phone number, and full name. Doxxing can happen when fans in fandoms with large fanbases often go too far when protecting their idols and enter the realm of cyberbullying. Extreme fans of the

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employees from bullies in a work environment and the psychological pain a victim faces from bullies during business hours. Lawyers pursuing cyberbullying cases use the Ordinance on Victimization at Work law, since there are not any laws specifically condemning cyberbullying.

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The fundamental safety and trust that underlie online dating sites' functionality are compromised by these upsetting encounters. Victims may experience significant effects, including elevated stress and anxiety levels and, in certain cases, chronic psychological trauma.

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states, "Keep in mind that harassment of any kind is illegal and includes in person, over the phone, via text messages, through social media, or any other method. Some laws are in place about cyberbullying that are designed to protect the public from this happening."

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Despite trying to protect his privacy, Raza was mocked both online and in real life. He was body shamed, doxxed, and told to commit suicide, among other things. Students at school leaped onto tables to mock him, and his video was parodied on multiple shows including

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The reluctance youth have in telling an authority figure about instances of cyberbullying has led to fatal outcomes. At least three children between the ages of 12 and 13 have committed suicide due to depression brought on by cyberbullying, according to reports by

3009:, cyberbullying has yet to receive adequate scholarly attention. A study investigating the risk factors of cyberbullying sampled 1,438 high school students from central China. Data showed that 34.84% had participated in bullying and 56.88% had been bullied online. 3979:

actions so they become more withdrawn and quiet, but this may go unnoticed since the change is subtle. Metin Deniz believes cyberbullying will "become a serious problem in the future with an increase in the Internet and mobile phone usage among young people".

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A number of organizations are in coalition to provide awareness, protection and recourse for this escalating problem. Some aim to inform and provide measures to avoid as well as effectively terminate cyberbullying and cyberharassment. Anti–bullying charity

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The safety of online privacy issues in schools is increasingly becoming a focus of state legislative action. There was an increase in cyberbullying enacted legislation between 2006 and 2010. Initiatives and curriculum requirements also exist in the UK (the

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Tettegah, S. Y., Betout, D., & Taylor, K. R. (2006). Cyber-bullying and schools in an electronic era. In S. Tettegah & R. Hunter (Eds.) Technology and Education: Issues in administration, policy and applications in k12 school. pp. 17–28. London:

3850:"). The problem is that the existing legislation does not directly apply to bullying, nor define it as its own criminal behavior. Anti–cyberbullying advocates have even expressed concern about the broad scope of some of the bills attempted to be passed. 2837:

Controversially, some internet users use cyberbullying for "ethical" means. Some reasons include justice for victims, activism, and persuading/scaring politicians. Committing moral actions for immoral causes is commonly seen in the realm of activism.

4265:, a grassroots effort to stop cyberbullying called the Bully Project was created. Their goal is to start "a national movement to stop bullying that is transforming children's lives and changing a culture of bullying into one of empathy and action." 7648:

Hasebrink, U., Livingstone, S., Haddon, L. and Ólafsson, K.(2009) Comparing children's online opportunities and risks across Europe: Cross-national comparisons for EU Kids Online. LSE, London: EU Kids Online (Deliverable D3.2, 2nd edition),

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In March 2010, a 17–year–old girl named Alexis Skye Pilkington was found dead in her room by her parents. Her parents claimed that after repeated cyberbullying, she was driven to suicide. Shortly after her death, attacks resumed. Members of

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to their employees than do those in other countries. Since employers do not have the ability to fire or hire an employee at will like in the United States, employers in Europe are held to a high standard in how their employees are treated.

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Cyberstalking may be an extension of physical stalking and may have criminal consequences. A target's understanding of why cyberstalking is happening is helpful to remedy and take protective action. Among factors that motivate stalkers are

3672:(2007), may offer interpretive resources for justifying administrative reach to some online digital speech. They concluded, "ithout clearer standards, school administrators are likely to feel constrained and err on the side of inaction." 9098:

Alexandra Topping; Ellen Coyne and agencies (August 8, 2013). "Cyberbullying websites should be boycotted, says Cameron: Prime minister calls for website operators to 'step up to the plate', following death of 14-year-old Hannah Smith".

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services, hate raids are situations where a stream is "raided" by many viewers who flood the chat with harassment and other hateful messages. This prevents the streamer from executing their stream. These viewers are typically automated

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On June 2, 2008, parents, teens, teachers, and Internet executives came together at Wired Safety's International Stop Cyberbullying Conference, a two–day gathering in White Plains, New York and New York City. Executives from Facebook,

6075: 3034:(via median results) that approximately 18% of European young people had been "bullied/harassed/stalked" via the internet and mobile phones. Cyberharassment rates for young people across the EU member states ranged from 10% to 52%. 2481:

Cyberbullying can also take place through the use of websites belonging to certain groups to effectively request the targeting of another individual or group. An example of this is the bullying of climate scientists and activists.

2143:. Specific statistics on the negative effects of cyberbullying differ by country and other demographics. Some researchers point out there could be some way to use modern computer techniques to determine and stopping cyberbullying. 2528:

to be equally welcoming to both genders, though 44% thought it favored men. Sexual harassment in gaming generally involves slurs directed towards women, sex role stereotyping, and overaggressive language. Keza MacDonald writes in

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happen when users start passing along information they assume to be true, but cannot know to be true, based on information on what other users are doing. This can be accelerated by search engines' ranking technologies and their

2817:. The video was uploaded to YouTube several months later by Raza's classmates without his knowledge or permission. The video blew up and because one of the first viral internet memes. The video accumulated 900 million views. 2810:

Uploaded in 2003, the star of the video, Ghyslain Raza (a 9th grader at the time) is shown messing around and waving around a golf ball retriever as if it is a real Jedi lightsaber. He was helping his friend parody the movie

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cyberbullying. In Missouri, anyone who violently threatens someone over social media can be convicted with a Class A misdemeanor, but if the victim is seventeen years or younger, they can be convicted with a Class D felony.

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Mary Howlett–Brandon's doctoral dissertation analyzed the National Crime Victimization Survey: Student Crime Supplement, 2009, to focus on the cyberbullying victimization of Black and White students in specific conditions.

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forms of bullying, and girls mostly were victims of both traditional forms of bullying and cyberbullying. 20% of the students in this survey said that they had been cyberbullied, showing that cyberbullying is on the rise.

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Lawmakers are seeking to address cyberbullying with new legislation because there is currently no specific law on the books that deals with it. A fairly new federal cyberstalking law might address such acts, according to

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after cyberbullying incidents. Some cases of digital self–harm have been reported in which an individual engages in cyberbullying against themselves, or purposefully and knowingly exposes themselves to cyberbullying.

2628:(a term applicable to any search engine) to increase the prominence of favored posts sorted by the most popular searches, done by linking to those posts from as many other web pages as possible. Examples include the 7408:

Griezel, Lucy; Finger, Linda R.; Bodkin-Andrews, Gawaian H.; Craven, Rhonda G.; Yeung, Alexander Seeshing (September 2012). "Uncovering the Structure of and Gender and Developmental Differences in Cyber Bullying".

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Cyberbullying campaigns are sometimes so damaging that victims have committed suicide. There are at least four examples in the United States in which cyberbullying has been linked to the suicide of a teenager. The

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There have been many legislative attempts to facilitate the control of bullying and cyberbullying. Some existing legislation is incorrectly thought to be tied to bullying and cyberbullying (including terms such as

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and suicides devastating lives around the world. Cybersmile provides support to victims and their friends and families through social media interaction, email and helpline support. They also run an annual event,

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Ybarra, M.L.; Mitchell, K.J.; Wolak, J.; Finkelhor, D. (October 2006). "Examining characteristics and associated distress related to Internet harassment: findings from the Second Youth Internet Safety Survey".

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bullying, witnesses of bullying and bullies themselves all experience the very real and long term negative impacts of bullying regardless of its forms – physical, verbal, written, or on–line (cyberbullying)".

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Cross, D., Shaw, T., Hearn, L., Epstein, M., Monks, H., Lester, L., & Thomas, L. 2009. Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study (ACBPS). Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University,

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Cyberbullying can be as simple as continuing to send emails or text messages harassing someone who has said they want no further contact with the sender. It may also include public actions such as repeated

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et al., (2009) reported that rates of bullying and harassing others were lower, but also increased with age. Only 1.2% of Year 4 students reported cyberbullying others compared to 5.6% of Year 9 students.

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personal information, gossip about the target, express why they hate the target, request people to agree with the bully's view, and send links to the target to make sure they are watching the activity.

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Some game developers have been subjected to harassment and death threats by players upset by changes to a game or by a developer's online policies. Harassment also occurs in reaction to critics such as

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interviewed 1,820 teenagers, 17.5% of whom indicated having experienced cyberbullying. This included insults, abuse, and the publishing of personal private pictures on social media without permission.

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Kowalski, Robin M.; Giumetti, Gary W.; Schroeder, Amber N.; Lattanner, Micah R. (July 2014). "Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth".

4568:"Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable– and person–oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain–specific self–esteem and school adjustment" 3857:

Preventing a child from being cyberbullied is hard, but now they are working to form programs and laws to help stop the issue from getting worse than it already is. They have created movies such as

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The United Kingdom does not have anti–bullying legislation. However, it does have the Protection From Harassment Act, an anti–stalking law. U.K. courts have used this legislation in bullying cases.

6476: 3629:, but no one has been prosecuted under it yet. The proposed federal law would make it illegal to use electronic means to "coerce, intimidate, harass or cause other substantial emotional distress." 2123:. Bullying or harassment can be identified by repeated behavior and an intent to harm. Tactics can also include creating or posting on fake profiles to create anonymity to spread harmful messages. 6887: 4203:

In 2006, PACER.org created a week–long event that was held once a year in October. Today, the campaign is a month-long event and is now known as the National Bullying Prevention Awareness Month.

4168:, and many others talked with hundreds about how to better protect themselves and their personal reputations, children and businesses from online harassment. Sponsors of the conference included 3883:

traditional bullying, because there is no escaping it. One of the most damaging effects is that a victim begins to avoid friends and activities, which is often the very intention of the bully.

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abstract reports critical impacts in almost all of the respondents, taking the form of lower self–esteem, loneliness, disillusionment, and distrust of people. The more extreme effects included

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Impersonation is the act of pretending be another person. If the offender pretends to be the victim, they may say or do things to hurt the victim's reputation. This can include hacking into a

4002:, can be particularly keenly felt by young people, leading to issues of loss of confidence. There have been a number of suicides related to bullying on these platforms in the US and Britain. 6671:

Huang, Tzu-Fu; Hou, Chun-Yin; Chang, Fong-Ching; Chiu, Chiung-Hui; Chen, Ping-Hung; Chiang, Jeng-Tung; Miao, Nae-Fang; Chuang, Hung-Yi; Chang, Yen-Jung; Chang, Hsi; Chen, Hsueh-Chih (2023).

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Burgess-Proctor, A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2009). Cyberbullying and online harassment: Reconceptualizing the victimization of adolescent girls. In V. Garcia and J. Clifford .

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Berson, I. R.; Berson, M. J.; Ferron, J. M. (2002). "Emerging risks of violence in the digital age: Lessons for educators from an online study of adolescent girls in the United States".

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This image shows different aspects of cyberbullying that can take place on the internet which puts more emotional strain on the younger children and teenage who experience cyberbullying.

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Barlett, Christopher; Coyne, Sarah M. (September 2014). "A meta-analysis of sex differences in cyber-bullying behavior: The moderating role of age: Sex Differences in Cyber-Bullying".

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Barlett, Christopher P.; Simmers, Matthew M.; Roth, Brendan; Gentile, Douglas (July 4, 2021), "Comparing cyberbullying prevalence and process before and during the COVID-19 pandemic",

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and believe they "know" the target. The stalker wants to instill fear in a person to justify their status, or may believe they can get away with these actions due to online anonymity.

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found that 6% of the young people who completed the survey had experienced some form of harassment, including threats and negative rumors, and 2% had suffered distressing harassment.

3306:, School Crime Supplement (SCS), 9% of students age 12–18 admitted to having experienced cyberbullying during that school year (with a coefficient of variation between 30% and 50%). 8006: 4066:

Multiple non–profit organizations fight cyberbullying and cyberstalking. They advise victims, provide awareness campaigns, and report offenses to the police. These NGOs include the

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Zhou, Zongkui. "Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students". School Psychology International. December 2013 34: 630–647, first published on May 8, 2013.

2954:, pathological obsession (professional or sexual), unemployment or failure with own job or life, or the desire to intimidate and cause others to feel inferior. The stalker may be 5798:

Boyd, D. (2014). Bullying is social media amplifying meanness and cruelty? In It's Complicated the social lives of networked teens (p. 137). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

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Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K.J., & Wolak, J. (2000). Online victimization: A report on the nation's youth. Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

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lobby. Google bombs can manipulate the Internet's search engines regardless of how authentic the pages are, but there is a way to counteract this type of manipulation as well.

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also show up in the form of headaches, skin problems, abdominal pain, sleep problems, bed–wetting, and crying. It may also lead victims to commit suicide to end the bullying.

8714:"Republic Act No. 10175: An Act Defining Cybercrime, Providing for the Prevention, Investigation, Suppression and the Imposition of Penalties Therefor and for Other Purposes" 5336: 12346: 3946:. Teen suicides tied to cyberbullying have recently become more prevalent. Rebecca Ann Sedwick committed suicide after being terrorized through mobile applications such as 7910:

Wolak, J., Mitchell, K.J., & Finkelhor, D. (2006). Online Victimization of Youth: Five Years Later. Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

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Yang, Shu Ching (2013). "Paths to Bullying in Online Gaming: The Effects of Gender, Preference for Playing Violent Games, Hostility, and Aggressive Behavior on Bullying".

2621:. This type of information spreading is hard to stop. Information cascades over social media and the Internet may also be harmless, and may contain truthful information. 9529: 3050:

indicate a greater need for new ideas on how to prevent cyberbullying and what to do when it occurs. It is clearly a worldwide problem that needs to be taken seriously.

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Primack, Alvin J.; Johnson, Kevin A. (Spring 2017). "Student cyberbullying inside the digital schoolhouse gate: Toward a standard for determining where a "School" is".

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Hosseinmardi, H.; Ghasemianlangroodi, A.; Han, R.; Lv, Q.; Mishra, S. (August 2014). "Towards understanding cyberbullying behavior in a semi–anonymous social network".

3652:(ISP) to be liable for the content of the sites it hosts, setting a precedent that any ISP should treat a notice of complaint seriously and investigate it immediately. 2524:

Gaming was a more common venue for men in which to experience harassment, whereas women's harassment tended to occur more via social media. Most respondents considered

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Cyberbullying is an intense form of psychological abuse, whose victims are more than twice as likely to suffer from mental disorders compared to traditional bullying.

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Lam L, Cheng Z and Liu X, 'Violent Online Games Exposure And Cyberbullying/Victimization Among Adolescents' (2013) 16 Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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for fear their access to technology will be taken from them; while 24% and 14% told a parent or teacher respectively, 28% did not tell anyone, and 41% told a friend.

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rank requirements adds: "Describe the three things you should avoid doing related to use of the Internet. Describe a cyberbully and how you should respond to one."

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Cyberbullying has become more common nowadays because of all the technology that children have access to. The most common apps that teenagers use to cyberbully are

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Not all negative interaction online or on social media can be attributed to cyberbullying. Research suggests that there are also interactions online that result in

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Ybarra ML, Mitchell KJ (2004). Youth engaging in online harassment: associations with caregiver-child relationships, Internet use, and personal characteristics.

6217: 3200:, consequently making them feel uncomfortable, embarrassed, or threatened. Many youths are not comfortable telling an authority figure about their cyberbullying 2925:

of cyberbullying could potentially be positive. Victims "created a cognitive pattern of bullies, which consequently helped them to recognize aggressive people."

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Cyberbullying: An Examination of Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Environmental Factors from the National Crime Victimization Survey: Student Crime Supplement, 2009

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Internet; these cyber victims are often physically stronger students, which causes bullies to prefer online confrontations over face–to–face contact at school.

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also a risk of the child hurting themselves physically as well; in 2017, suicide was the tenth leading cause of death among persons in the United States.

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media platforms; 58% admitted to changing a nickname for others, 56.3% to humiliation, 54.2% to making fun of someone, and 54.2% to spreading rumors. The

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Deniz, Metin (July 7, 2015). "A Study on Primary School Students' Being Cyber Bullies and Victims According to Gender, Grade, and Socioeconomic Status".

7266: 6774: 4092:, the Spanish Internet users' Association, the Internauts' Association, and the Spanish Association of Mothers and Parents Internauts. The government of 748: 12962: 12819: 8786: 8544: 8342: 7622:"Patterns of risk and safety online. In-depth analyses from the EU Kids Online survey of 9- to 16-year-olds and their parents in 25 European countries" 7572: 5207:"Social media use as a tool to facilitate or reduce cyberbullying perpetration: A review focusing on anonymous and nonanonymous social media platforms" 12254:

Notice of the National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games

9123: 12787: 12339: 12211: 8354:. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and National Center for Education Statistics Institute of Education Sciences (ies). NCES 2014042. Archived from 3895:

According to Lucie Russell, director of campaigns, policy and participation at youth mental health charity Young Minds, young people who suffer from

1919: 1280: 3990:, perhaps because adolescents are attracted to these platforms as a means of seeking validation from their peers. Abuse on these platforms, such as 11782: 8050: 3759:

the government to take the time it needs to create the cyberbullying laws while helping safeguard students from cyberbullying as much as possible.

2051: 699: 9466: 8713: 8067: 12201: 10733: 5383: 5148:"School bullying is not a conflict: The interplay between conflict management styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment" 4959:

Diaz, Fernando L. (2016). "Trolling & the First Amendment: Protecting Internet Speech in the Era of Cyberbullies & Internet Defamation".

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Kumar, Akshi; Sachdeva, Nitin (September 2019). "Cyberbullying detection on social multimedia using soft computing techniques: a meta-analysis".

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In 2007, YouTube introduced the first Anti–Bullying Channel for youth (BeatBullying), using the assistance of celebrities to tackle the problem.

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Ybarra, M.L.; Mitchell, K.J. (August 2007). "Prevalence and frequency of Internet harassment instigation: implications for adolescent health".

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Ybarra, M. L.; Mitchell, J. K. (2004). "Online aggressor/targets, aggressors and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics".

9163: 8028: 7214: 2203:" and "cyberbullying" are sometimes used synonymously, though some people use the latter to refer specifically to harassment among minors or 4758: 14164: 12332: 12280: 2629: 1285: 6646:"The startling connection between dating apps and online harassment - users almost twice as likely to be victims [2024] | Incogni" 3838:

more power in the classroom, teachers can be of assistance; if the parent, teacher, and victim can work together, solutions may be found.

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Hertzog, J. (2015, October 5). October is National Bullying Prevention Awareness Month. Retrieved November 3, 2015, from stopbullying.gov

6933: 6606:""Catfishing," cyberbullying, and coercion: An exploration of the risks associated with dating app use among rural sexual minority males" 1255: 841: 357: 8721: 8226: 8098: 7136: 5054: 3315: 517: 8569: 7106: 5942: 3216:, commissioned by the National Crime Prevention Council, cyberbullying is a problem that "affects almost half of all American teens". 13663: 5515:"Online sexual harassment and cyberbullying in a nationally representative sample of teens: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences" 4156:". The site had put out a report on July 26, 2007, about a subject that partly featured cyberbullying, titled "Hackers on Steroids". 9575: 7717:

Callaghan, Mary; Kelly, Colette; Molcho, Michal (February 2015). "Exploring traditional and cyberbullying among Irish adolescents".

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conditions and that are likely to harm the dignity, the physical or psychological heath of the victim or his professional career."

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Cyberbullies may disclose victims' personal data (e.g. real name, home address, or workplace/schools) on websites or forums—called

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Pettalia, Jennifer L.; Levin, Elizabeth; Dickinson, Joël (November 1, 2013). "Cyberbullying: Eliciting harm without consequence".

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58% admitted that someone had said hurtful things to them online. More than four out of ten said this had happened more than once.

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Research has identified basic guidelines to help recognize and deal with what is regarded as abuse of electronic communications.

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Hinduja, S.; Patchin, J. W. (2008). "Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization".

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Hinduja, S.; Patchin, J. W. (2008). "Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization".

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composed of victims of cyberbullying, which could allow students to share their stories, and remove the feeling of being alone.

12103: 10917: 10201: 7822: 7240: 4550: 4041:, abuse, and hate campaigns. It was founded in 2010 in response to the increasing number of cyberbullying related incidents of 2020: 704: 449: 277: 262: 257: 87: 9533: 8556: 7241:"Cyber-bullying defies traditional stereotype: Girls are more likely than boys to engage in this new trend, research suggests" 5878:"Cyberbullying and Social Media: Information and Interventions for School Nurses Working With Victims, Students, and Families" 13523: 13443: 13418: 13297: 13177: 12780: 12690: 12069: 10758: 8833: 8282: 7654: 6557: 6037: 5742: 3750:

This image portrays the support and awareness that many anti–cyberbullying campaigns have in some countries around the world.

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amusement or because they are genuinely a combative person. Trolling can include insults, false news, or, terrorist threats.

591: 522: 242: 11632: 6462:"'The internet is not a game. ... This stuff really hurts.' Respected developer who was bullied online dies by suicide" 6360: 6338: 13643: 12851: 12091: 11775: 3018: 2044: 1061: 332: 146: 9041: 7306: 7011: 6150: 13423: 13348: 13275: 13251: 13199: 12355: 12216: 12040: 10522: 10464: 9832:

Ybarra ML (2004). Linkages between depressive symptomatology and Internet harassment among young regular Internet users.

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music genre sometimes dox fans of rival music groups. This specifically was shown in an incident where fans of the group

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Vaillancourt, Tracy; Brittain, Heather; Krygsman, Amanda; Farrell, Ann H.; Landon, Sally; Pepler, Debra (July 7, 2021),

14083: 14035: 13668: 13054: 12807: 11677: 10459: 10334: 4375: 4365: 3656: 3275: 3094:, "negative impacts on their working environment, and a reluctance to report the issue and seek help from management". 1275: 731: 5487: 5463:"#BlinksCyberBullying trends on Twitter as K–pop fans call out the toxic fans for constant cyber bullying and doxxing" 3058:

The Health Behaviour in School–aged Children (HBSC) pilot survey was carried out in eight post–primary schools across

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adult cyberharassment, these reports are usually filed beginning with local police. The laws differ by area or state.

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Hinduja, S.; Patchin, J. W. (2007). "Offline Consequences of Online Victimization: School Violence and Delinquency".

4117: 3816: 3704: 3698: 2782: 2193: 905: 736: 198: 176: 5410: 4978: 3798: 14154: 14096: 13703: 13488: 13280: 12773: 12680: 12135: 11933: 10469: 9600: 9147: 9068: 8807: 7363: 6970: 6756: 3681: 2165:

or social media) in order to elicit a reaction or disruption, or simply just for someone's own personal amusement.

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Protection of Children Online: Federal and State Laws Addressing Cyberstalking, Cyberharassment, and Cyberbullying

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In the Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2013, the Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services of the

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fan account, sending him to a hospital. This is allegedly because a Twice member disrespected a Blackpink member.

13698: 13678: 13391: 13136: 12844: 12839: 12812: 12449: 11985: 11768: 11140: 10947: 9957: 9853: 7888: 6917: 6673:"Adolescent Use of Dating Applications and the Associations with Online Victimization and Psychological Distress" 6400: 4340: 2037: 1250: 743: 487: 282: 11667: 7396: 5355: 4120:, U.S. Department of Justice, and Crime Prevention Coalition of America, joined to announce the launch of a new 2567:, a console emulator, who took their own life after becoming the subject to ridicule from members of the online 13956: 13916: 13871: 13578: 13401: 12971: 12908: 12464: 12226: 11153: 11093: 10454: 9782:

Patchin, J. & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies Move beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying.

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Patchin, J. W.; Hinduja, S. (2006). "Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying".

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Although most people may not realize it, some of these internet "memes" actually show cyberbullying in action.

2764: 2760: 342: 17: 11657: 11652: 9902: 7263: 497: 14028: 13713: 13693: 13630: 13081: 12950: 12891: 12147: 11899: 11885: 11642: 11187: 11088: 10971: 10602: 10402: 10231: 9982: 7089: 5285:"Northern District of Oklahoma | Tulsa Man Sentenced for Cyberstalking | United States Department of Justice" 4330: 3636:

A law in New York's Albany County that criminalized cyberbullying was struck down as unconstitutional by the

3082: 1951: 1659: 322: 11647: 9419:"This doctor posted online in favor of immunization. Then vaccine opponents targeted her – The Boston Globe" 8892: 8492: 8346: 7568: 7042: 2446:. An award–winning documentary about the effects of cyberbullying that is shown in schools across the globe. 13876: 13648: 13468: 13091: 13059: 12967: 12705: 12543: 12403: 11892: 11824: 11278: 11232: 11217: 11127: 10965: 10281: 9010:"Making the difference with active parenting; forming educational partnerships between parents and schools" 8188: 8145: 7764: 6254:

Norris, Kamala O. (2004). "Gender Stereotypes, Aggression, and Computer Games: An Online Survey of Women".

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Sourander, A.; Klomek, A.B.; Ikonen, M.; Lindroos, J.; Luntamo, T.; Koskeiainen, M.; Helenius, H. (2010).

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Smith, Peter K.; Mahdavi, Jess; Carvalho, Manuel; Fisher, Sonja; Russell, Shanette; Tippett, Neil (2008).

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campaign designed to educate preteens and teens about how they can play a role in ending cyberbullying.

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that are bullied are likely to experience anxiety, depression, loneliness, unhappiness and poor sleep".

2559:, whom some fans see as threats to the medium. Various people have been harassed in connection with the 2221:

Cyberstalking is a form of online harassment in which the perpetrator uses electronic communications to

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2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2014)

4121: 3942: 2966:, promoted the creation of a law against digital harassment that took her name, the Olimpia Law. 2543:

made reference to the harassment of women gamers during his remarks in honor of Women's History Month.

1971: 716: 377: 92: 9923: 9643: 7283: 5514: 5080: 14003: 13974: 13861: 13775: 13683: 13658: 13483: 13448: 13224: 12575: 12206: 11145: 11001: 10912: 10907: 10816: 10251: 10191: 7678:"Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents: A population-based study" 5808: 4034: 3904:

absolute truth – there's no filter, there's no block. That person will take that on, take it as fact.

3649: 3637: 3605: 2361:, denigration (sending or posting cruel rumors and falsehoods to damage reputation and friendships), 1302: 1116: 1005: 885: 539: 507: 156: 82: 3176:

The Youth Internet Safety Survey–2, conducted by the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the

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58% had not told their parents or an adult about something hurtful that had happened to them online.

2716:. Public social media flogging, Online shaming takes many forms, including call-outs, cancellation ( 2470:. Wherever you face, it is easy to come across Cyberbullying making it almost impossible to escape. 2300:

is dead by accident! we will tell you more soon. #RIPBRITNEY." Spears was, in fact, alive and well.

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Chapin, John (July 2016). "Adolescents and Cyber Bullying: The Precaution Adoption Process Model".

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indicated young people reporting being victims of electronic aggression in a range of 9% to 35%.

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Cyber-bullying: Creating a Culture of Respect in a Cyber World. Reclaiming Children & Youth

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Smyth, S. M. (2010). Cybercrime in Canadian criminal law. (pp. 105–122). Toronto, ON: Carswell.

6518: 5917: 5634: 4904:"School bullying before and during COVID-19: Results from a population-based randomized design" 4185: 4055: 3987: 3937: 3888: 3859: 3685: 3255: 3078: 2877: 2685: 2204: 1966: 1939: 1929: 1387: 1367: 1230: 1101: 985: 930: 900: 880: 808: 788: 763: 758: 753: 664: 627: 600: 571: 566: 492: 141: 131: 7777:

Cross-Tab Marketing Services & Telecommunications Research Group for Microsoft Corporation

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Sourander et al. (2010) conducted a population–based cross–sectional study that took place in

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childhood bullying is to intentionally embarrass, harass, intimidate, or make threats online.

14045: 14008: 13906: 13815: 13810: 13785: 13513: 13493: 13343: 13263: 13236: 13167: 12935: 12754: 12685: 12670: 12633: 12174: 12064: 12033: 11871: 11544: 11182: 11037: 10422: 10236: 10051: 9987: 9905:– cyberbullying information, support, and teaching resources from the New Zealand non-profit 8341:

Snyder, Thomas D.; Robers, Simone; Kemp, Jana; Rathbun, Amy; Morgan, Rachel (June 10, 2014).

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Fung, Annis L. C. (2010). "The Phenomenon Of Cyberbullying: Its Aetiology And Intervention".

5969:"Longitudinal Associations between Cybervictimization and Mental Health Among US Adolescents" 5011: 4335: 4128: 3908:

Social media has allowed bullies to disconnect from the impact they may be having on others.

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Von Marees, N.; Petermann, F. (2012). "Cyberbullying: An increasing challenge for schools".

8239: 8111: 6076:"Stranger Danger: Protecting Your Children from Cyber Bullying, Sexting, & Social Media" 3723:

Since the 1990s, the United Kingdom and other European countries have been working to solve

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Teachers can also be cyberbullied by pupils, as well as by parents and other school staff.

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O'Keeffe, G. S.; Clarke-Pearson, K.; Council on Communications and Media (April 1, 2011).

8: 14159: 14065: 13830: 13615: 13533: 13074: 13018: 12945: 12675: 12503: 12294: 12011: 11831: 11501: 11202: 11177: 11061: 10857: 10796: 10642: 10479: 10357: 10181: 10164: 10108: 10083: 9974: 9950: 7519: 6582: 6107: 4181: 4098:

Plan de Prevención del Ciberacoso y Promoción de la Navegación Segura en Centro Escolares

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Fox 11 News in Los Angeles put out a report about organized cyberbullying on sites like

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Students aged 12–18 who reported being cyberbullied anywhere during the school year 2011

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cyberbullied. Traditional forms of bullying in Ireland occur more often than in Europe.

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Walther, B (2012). "Cyberbullying: Holding grownups liable for negligent entrustment".

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42% of children had been bullied online. One in four had experienced it more than once.

2963: 2705: 2677: 2605:, police officers killed Andrew Finch at his Kansas home in a reported swatting prank. 1746: 1741: 1731: 1679: 1669: 1644: 1578: 1536: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1342: 617: 12324: 7694: 7677: 7067: 6830:"Mum of three, 38, poses as underage teen to expose online predators in new TV series" 6519:"Call of Duty gaming community points to 'swatting' in deadly Wichita police shooting" 5609: 5530: 4355: 3228:

Distribution of cyberbullying venues used by young people in the US, according to the

14116: 14109: 14103: 13886: 13881: 13795: 13597: 13338: 13305: 13172: 13033: 12981: 12940: 12918: 12886: 12518: 12434: 12258: 11731: 11705: 11539: 11529: 11496: 10897: 10607: 10320: 10286: 10041: 9887: 9821: 9817: 9797:. Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. Available at 9768: 9739: 9694: 9319: 8680: 8397: 8340: 8324: 8278: 8207: 8202: 8183: 8164: 8159: 8140: 7981: 7977: 7938: 7734: 7699: 7650: 7461: 7430: 6775:"'Star Wars Kid' reflects on his 2003 viral video, the media circus and human nature" 6712: 6694: 6605: 6553: 6271: 6193: 6033: 5998: 5984: 5899: 5851: 5738: 5689: 5554: 5542: 5534: 5240: 5228: 5187: 5169: 5128: 5123: 5106: 5035: 4943: 4931: 4923: 4889: 4877: 4869: 4803: 4640: 4635: 4599: 4509: 4438: 4433: 4416: 4261: 4212: 4153: 4116:

In March 2007, the Advertising Council in the United States, in partnership with the

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the victim's need to provide sufficient evidence to prove the existence of bullying.

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35% had been threatened online. Nearly one in five had experienced it more than once.

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conflicts between people of comparable power or status that often also occur online.

2147: 2112: 2091:, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online 2013: 1924: 1852: 1837: 1620: 1563: 1362: 1270: 1161: 1081: 910: 181: 9067:

Stauffer, Sterling; Heath, Melissa Allen; Coyne, Sarah Marie; Ferrin, Scott (2012).

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Stauffer, Sterling; Allen Heath, Melissa; Marie Coyne, Sarah; Ferrin, Scott (2012).

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gain activist support to bring new legislation before the United States Government.

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cyberbully, such as blocking messages or increasing the security of their computer.

2439: 13315: 13256: 13045: 12988: 12585: 12570: 12538: 12241: 11534: 11315: 10836: 10791: 10672: 10567: 10412: 10367: 10148: 10123: 10034: 10029: 9813: 9756: 9727: 9682: 9644:"International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying" 9586: 9309: 9299: 9268: 9080: 9021: 8668: 8467: 8435: 8312: 8228:

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers

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Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers

7973: 7930: 7746: 7726: 7689: 7453: 7418: 6982: 6702: 6684: 6263: 6181: 6025: 5988: 5980: 5889: 5843: 5779: 5730: 5679: 5669: 5599:"Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats Effectively Managing Internet Use Risks in Schools" 5526: 5310: 5263: 5218: 5177: 5159: 5118: 5025: 4915: 4861: 4826: 4791: 4699: 4630: 4589: 4579: 4529: 4499: 4491: 4428: 4249: 4237:

launched the CyberKind campaign in August 2009 to promote positive internet usage.

4076: 3660: 2709: 2564: 2556: 2536: 2254: 2158: 1976: 1961: 1889: 1810: 1780: 1595: 1431: 1131: 679: 674: 512: 397: 13187: 11013: 9867: 8672: 7043:"Teachers report high levels of anxiety and stress due to cyberbullying by pupils" 4865: 3986:

Young people seem particularly vulnerable to the effects of cyberbullying through

3224: 2365:, and exclusion (intentionally and cruelly excluding someone from an online group) 14055: 13946: 13911: 13820: 13708: 13602: 13558: 13538: 13411: 13127: 13106: 12861: 12580: 12474: 12454: 12386: 11735: 10738: 10552: 10542: 10496: 10439: 10427: 10216: 10133: 9601:"Alexis Pilkington Facebook Horror: Cyber Bullies Harass Teen Even After Suicide" 8983: 8355: 8054: 7664: 7576: 7422: 7383: 7270: 7093: 7074: 6957: 6937: 6547: 6127: 4762: 4361:

International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying

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International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying

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is another form of bullying or harassment that uses electronic communications to

1991: 1899: 1795: 1736: 1588: 1573: 1553: 1518: 1225: 1136: 1071: 853: 803: 576: 422: 9929: 9199: 6757:"Daisy Coleman, subject of Netflix documentary 'Audrie & Daisy,' dies at 23" 5734: 4998: 14149: 13548: 13528: 13438: 13131: 13023: 12898: 12700: 12660: 12650: 11947: 11913: 11405: 11390: 11294: 11242: 10667: 10637: 10557: 10527: 10291: 10221: 10206: 10196: 10186: 10113: 10017: 9943: 9045: 8423: 7675: 7188: 6318: 5768:"Cyberbullying experiences on-the-go: When social media can become distressing" 5513:

Copp, Jennifer E.; Mumford, Elizabeth A.; Taylor, Bruce G. (December 1, 2021).

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Offline Consequences of Online Victimization: School Violence and Delinquency.

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Current and pending cyberstalking-related United States federal and state laws

5337:"What an Academic Who Wrote Her Dissertation on Trolls Thinks of Violentacrez" 5267: 4830: 4795: 4703: 3899:

are vulnerable to cyberbullying as they are sometimes unable to shrug it off:

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can result in those employees being placed outside the workplace community".

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According to the 2011 National Crime Victimization Survey, conducted by the

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have labeled many of these practices as bullying, teens saw them as drama."

2180:, which can have a negative, positive, or neutral impact on those involved. 2139:

Research has demonstrated a number of serious consequences of cyberbullying

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Campbell, Marilyn A. (2005). Cyber bullying: An old problem in a new guise?

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By at least 2018, some doctors have been targets of online harassment from

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A recent ruling first seen in the UK determined that it is possible for an

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The 2004 I-Safe.org survey of 1,500 students between grades 4 and 8 found:

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Bullying beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying

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Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying

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responsibilities of online platforms like Facebook and Twitter to tackle.

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Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying

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Ybarra, Michele L.; Diener-West, Marie; Leaf, Philip J. (December 2007).

6314:"Remarks by the President at Reception in Honor of Women's History Month" 5569:"FBI says 16-year-old used nude photos to blackmail dozens of classmates" 3626: 2697: 2625: 2509: 2401: 2375: 2162: 2120: 2088: 2087:

means. It has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and

1726: 1686: 1654: 1513: 1473: 1307: 1220: 1171: 1146: 1046: 721: 434: 417: 372: 292: 9304: 9288:"Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health" 8623:"States Passing Laws to Combat Cyber-Bullying — washingtonpost.com" 7046: 3970: 3258:

is reportedly using the film as a solution to the crisis in their town.

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sense of belonging" as potential contributing factors of cyberbullying.

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is celebrated every year on the first Thursday of November since 2020.

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Percentage of victims of cyberbullying by year across the United States

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Byrne, Elizabeth; Vessey, Judith A.; Pfeifer, Lauren (February 2018).

5656:

Chen, Mengtong; Cheung, Anne Shann Yue; Chan, Ko Ling (January 2019).

13588: 11549: 11424: 11355: 10862: 10718: 10657: 8439: 7543:"Against The Odds: Overcoming Online Harassment of Women in Politics" 7457: 6732:"Digital Dating Abuse Among Teens: Our Research, and What We Must Do" 6467: 6382:"Plague of game dev harassment erodes industry, spurs support groups" 5847: 5388: 5360: 4919: 4561: 4559: 4165: 4050: 3584: 3013: 2933: 2813: 2601:

units called on individuals' homes as a prank. On December 28, 2017,

2500: 2451: 2314: 1909: 1857: 1558: 1151: 237: 8424:"Cyberbullying among adolescents: Measures in search of a construct" 6968: 6552:. Cambridge, Mass., USA & London, UK: Harvard University Press. 6218:"Gamergate and how Internet users think about gaming and harassment" 3801:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3139:

A 2000 survey by the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the

2742: 14040: 13800: 13505: 12597: 12246: 12162: 12028: 11599: 11579: 11432: 11395: 11375: 11335: 10753: 10687: 10682: 10647: 10537: 10512: 10343: 10143: 9992: 9206:. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. February 29, 2012 8984:"Helping Kids Deal With Bullies (for Parents) – Nemours KidsHealth" 8646: 5706: 5384:"Twitch streamers organise #ADayOffTwitch in protest of hate raids" 5014:"The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families" 4901: 4253: 4189: 3865: 2909: 2693: 2681: 2582: 2455: 2421: 2296:'s Twitter account was hacked and posted the following statement: " 2222: 2170: 2146:

Other research has suggested an uptick in cyberbullying during the

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tendency to return results relevant to a user's previous interests

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

4417:"Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils" 4380: 4370: 4350: 4161: 4149: 3999: 3995: 3847: 3091: 3059: 3043: 2937: 2905: 2689: 2578:

campaigns is a recurring problem for projects related to gaming.

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account and spreading disinformation. One famous example is when

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his classmates. He owned over 900 photos and videos of victims.

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Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace

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21% had received mean or threatening e–mails or other messages.

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Palm Springs Unified School District Retrieved January 5, 2015

6401:"When will gamers understand that criticism isn't censorship?" 4961:

University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy

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is a cyberbullying charity committed to tackling all forms of

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impersonating their victim and asking others to contact them.

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Cyberbullying involves repeated behavior with intent to harm.

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Submit the Documentary: The Virtual Reality of Cyberbullying

11851: 11609: 11479: 11454: 11449: 10312: 6442:"Blame GamerGate's Bad Rep on Smears and Shoddy Journalism" 6392: 6323: 5204: 4145: 2951: 2633: 2598: 2420:

Cyberbullying can take place on social media sites such as

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Cyberbullying in Adolescent Victims: Perception and Coping

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Gaceta Oficial de la Ciudad de México (January 22, 2020)

7189:"Twitter abuse – '50% of misogynistic tweets from women'" 6500:"Crowdsourcing Tends To Attract The Worst Kind Of People" 5437:"Sony Music sorry after hoax 'Britney Spears dead' tweet" 4851: 4660:"Legal Debate Swirls Over Charges in a Student's Suicide" 4525: 4523: 4173: 3083:

National Anti-Bullying Research and Resource Centre (ABC)

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There are many famous cases of cyberbullying online (eg.

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There are many variations of the definition, such as the

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a victim; this may pose a credible threat to the victim.

9935: 9066: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8493:"2015's Best & Worst States at Controlling Bullying" 8383:"Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2013" 8379: 6998: 6996: 5658:"Doxing: What Adolescents Look for and Their Intentions" 4730:"Cyberstalking: dangers on the information superhighway" 12354: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9186: 6423:"Online Harassment of Women Isn't Just a Gamer Problem" 6287: 6285: 6237:"Pew: Gaming Is Least Welcoming Online Space For Women" 6103:"Cyber Bullying Intensifies as Climate Data Questioned" 4192:

harassment, versus bullying by teens and young adults.

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board following their announcement of being nonbinary.

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Wolak, J. Mitchell, K.J., & Finkelhor, D. (2006).

9553: 9551: 8466:(PhD dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University. 8422:

Mehari, Krista; Farrell, Albert; Le, Anh-Thuy (2014).

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Kowalski, Robin M.; Limber, Susan P. (December 2007).

8048:

Putting U in the picture. Mobile Bullying Survey 2005.

6491: 6433: 6354: 6352: 6339:"Women are gamers, but largely absent from 'e-sports'" 5253: 4565: 4520: 3592:

Missouri, Michigan, Idaho, North Dakota, and Montana.

2107:

Harmful bullying behavior can include posting rumors,

8740: 8598:. Centerdigitaled.com. March 16, 2009. Archived from 8272: 8138: 6993: 5967:

Rose, Chad A.; Tynes, Brendesha M. (September 2015).

5765: 3762: 3664:

criminalizes the making of threats via the Internet.

2904:

Two studies from 2014 found that 80% of body–shaming

9183: 7758: 7756: 7716: 7541:

Lehr, Amy; Bechrakis, Mariefaye (November 8, 2018).

6541: 6539: 6416: 6414: 6282: 6228: 5205:

Barlett CP, DeWitt CC, Maronna B, Johnson K (2018).

2157:

is a common form of bullying that takes place in an

9548: 8867: 8718:

Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

8519:"Christie Signs Tougher Law on Bullying in Schools" 8336: 8334: 7861:"Summary of Our Cyberbullying Research (2004–2016)" 6349: 5637:. The National Science Foundation. November 8, 2011 5606:

Center for Safe and Responsible Use of the Internet

9705:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. In Print. 9670: 9530:"2 dead after head-on collision with CSUF student" 9394: 8787:"French Law Prohibiting Bullying in the Workplace" 8184:"Electronic bullying among middle school students" 7795: 7257: 6880:"Cyberstalking, cyberharassment and cyberbullying" 6619:Duggan, Aaron Smith and Maeve (October 21, 2013). 6460: 6209: 5875: 4137:addresses how to deal with online bullying. A new 2700:). As online shaming frequently involves exposing 2539:, but is not mainstream within it. U.S. President 8547:Pantagraph, by Kevin Mcdermott, December 20, 2007 8224: 8096: 7753: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7029: 6670: 6625:Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech 6536: 6411: 6361:"In Virtual Play, Sex Harassment Is All Too Real" 6016:Feinberg, W. (2010). "Liberalism and Education". 5512: 3711:as a punishable offence under Section 355 of the 1920:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 30:"Cyberbully" redirects here. For other uses, see 14136: 8331: 8134: 8132: 7892:. ABC News Internet Ventures. September 12, 2006 3214:Harris Interactive Cyberbullying Research Report 2936:. Children have killed each other and committed 2876:In 2012, a group of teenagers in a design class 10734:Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity 8694:Knowles, Tom; Dathan, Matt (February 5, 2022). 8459: 8421: 7884:"What Parents Need to Know About Cyberbullying" 7765:"Cyberbullying among 9–16 year olds in Ireland" 7762: 7353: 6575:"What Is a Google Bomb: Google bombs explained" 6135: 6115: 5411:"What Can the Police Do About Harassing Texts?" 4972: 4970: 3589:Best & Worst States at Controlling Bullying 2908:are sent by women, who also account for 50% of 1564:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 9803: 9746: 9715: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9246: 8658: 8300: 8181: 7963: 7548:Center for Strategic and International Studies 7273:Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 7026: 6950:CT teens develop bullying app to protect peers 6884:NCSL National Conference of State Legislatures 6823: 6821: 5655: 4781: 4421:The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 4104:has created a portal on the phenomenon called 2930:Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 1040:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12781: 12340: 11776: 11279: 10328: 9951: 9920:– practical advice for teachers and guardians 9481:"Leelila Strogov – Fox 11 LA – Cyber Bullies" 9091: 8840:. Department for Education & Tim Loughton 8693: 8129: 7540: 6572: 6566: 6373: 4816: 4765:, by Rena Sherwood; YAHOO Contributor network 4259:In response and partnership to the 2011 film 3668:Amendment doctrine, particularly the case of 2732: 2266:, making it difficult to moderate and block. 2045: 12281:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association 11790: 9795:Online victimization of youth: 5 years later 9292:Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 9226:"Cyber-Bullying and its Effect on our Youth" 9138: 9007: 8778: 8559:. CNET News, by Stefanie Olsen, June 7, 2008 8268: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8023: 8021: 8019: 7443: 7163:"Missouri Anti-Bullying Laws & Policies" 7004:"9-R students create teacher-bashing tweets" 6931:Cyberbullying Enacted Legislation: 2006–2010 4967: 4268: 12795: 9894:Cyberbullying Searchable Information Center 9243: 9014:European Journal of Psychology of Education 8784: 8696:"Trolls could be jailed for online threats" 8348:Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2013 8296: 8294: 6818: 6358: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 3912:Intimidation, emotional damage, and suicide 1256:List of people killed for being transgender 12788: 12774: 12347: 12333: 11783: 11769: 11286: 11272: 10335: 10321: 9958: 9944: 9806:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 9703:Female crime victims: Reality reconsidered 8722:Office of the President of the Philippines 8647:International IT and e-commerce legal info 8042: 8040: 7642: 7579:. Deewr.gov.au. Retrieved on July 6, 2011. 3316:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2374:, sexual remarks, pejorative labels (i.e. 2052: 2038: 9775:Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2009). 9313: 9303: 9113: 9025: 8649:. Out-law.com. Retrieved on July 6, 2011. 8257: 8201: 8158: 8027:Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2007). 8016: 7693: 7619: 7330: 7238: 6706: 6688: 6420: 6291: 6174:Journal of Educational Computing Research 5992: 5966: 5893: 5783: 5716: 5683: 5673: 5222: 5181: 5163: 5122: 5052: 5029: 4756:What to Do About Cyberbullies: For Adults 4634: 4593: 4583: 4530:Cyberbullying – Law and Legal Definitions 4503: 4480:"Cyberbullying: Hiding behind the screen" 4432: 3961: 3817:Learn how and when to remove this message 3680:In early February 2022, ministers of the 2783:Learn how and when to remove this message 2277:What Can Police Do About Harassing Texts? 13952:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 12561:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 9042:"CYBER BULLYING – demetrioskritikos.com" 9008:Oostdam, Ron; Hooge, Edith (June 2013). 8931: 8929: 8927: 8706: 8291: 7957: 6603: 6458: 6452: 6379: 6336: 6015: 5334: 5055:"Influence of Social Media on Teenagers" 4768: 4005: 3969: 3745: 3289: 3223: 3125: 3029:In a study published in 2011, across 25 2832: 2499: 2438: 2391: 328:Social determinants of health in poverty 9779:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 9598: 9489:. Fox 11. March 4, 2008. Archived from 9336: 9162:Alvarez, Lizette (September 14, 2013). 9161: 8953: 8951: 8935: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8596:"Education Legislation: Cyber-Bullying" 8225:Hertz, M. F.; David-Ferdon, C. (2008). 8097:Hertz, M. F.; David-Ferdon, C. (2008). 8037: 7913: 7587: 7585: 7304: 6890:from the original on September 6, 2015. 6729: 6398: 6022:International Encyclopedia of Education 5596: 5353: 4617:Waasdorp, T.E.; Bradshaw, C.P. (2015). 4477: 4086:Agencia Española de Protección de Datos 14: 14137: 10918:International Stand Up to Bullying Day 10202:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder 9708:Keith, S. & Martin, M. E. (2005). 9459:"Always be prepared to battle bullies" 9407:from the original on January 12, 2022. 9374: 8620: 8516: 7904: 7719:International Journal of Public Health 7562: 7512: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7239:MacDonald, Gregg (September 1, 2010). 6827: 6618: 6545: 6253: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5766:Görzig, Anke; Lara A. Frumkin (2013). 5592: 5590: 5335:Phillips, Whitney (October 15, 2012). 5279: 5277: 5145: 5104: 4997:Smith, Alison M. (September 5, 2008). 4976: 4692:Education and Information Technologies 4689: 13444:Psychological effects of Internet use 12769: 12691:Psychological effects of Internet use 12328: 11764: 11267: 10759:Society Against Violence in Education 10316: 9939: 9527: 9351: 9285: 9258: 8924: 8390:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 7867: 7305:Topping, Alexandra (August 6, 2013). 6730:Hinduja, Sameer (February 12, 2020). 6516: 6497: 6439: 6337:Johnston, Casey (February 19, 2014). 6215: 5381: 4996: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4954: 4952: 4751: 4749: 4723: 4721: 3917:experiences with online aggression." 2630:campaign for the neologism "santorum" 2353:Cyberbullying is perpetrated through 27:Bullying in electronic communications 12288:Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti 9116:"Cyber-bullying and popular culture" 8948: 8880: 8852: 8724:. September 12, 2012. Archived from 8557:A rallying cry against cyberbullying 8273:Hinduja, S.; Patchin, J. W. (2009). 7600: 7582: 6171: 6143:"Bullying climate change scientists" 6101:Douglas Fischer; The Daily Climate. 4958: 4727: 4685: 4683: 4546:An Educator's Guide to Cyberbullying 4540: 4538: 4227: 3766: 3019:Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups 2841: 2765:adding citations to reliable sources 2736: 2608: 2324: 1062:Capital punishment for homosexuality 333:Social determinants of mental health 14165:Digital media use and mental health 13424:Digital media use and mental health 12356:Digital media use and mental health 12217:Family Entertainment Protection Act 10523:Bullying and emotional intelligence 9932:– Cyberbullying, Haters, and Trolls 9784:Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 9034: 8304:Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8277:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. 7763:O'Neill, Brian; Dinh, Thuy (2016). 7472: 7411:The Journal of Educational Research 7286:. Stop Cyberbullying. June 27, 2005 6855:"SOSA — Safe from Online Sex Abuse" 6621:"Online Dating & Relationships" 6517:Manna, Nicole (December 29, 2017). 6380:Crecente, Brian (August 15, 2013). 5862: 5809:"Teen and Young Adult Internet Use" 5587: 5274: 5081:"The teenage brain on social media" 5078: 4459:. Bullying Statistics. July 7, 2015 4316:Digital media use and mental health 4090:Oficina de Seguridad del Internauta 3718: 2478:number, etc. be kept confidential. 1182:Genital modification and mutilation 24: 13055:Automatic and controlled processes 11293: 9664: 9599:Salazar, Cristian (May 24, 2010). 9528:Smith, Skylar (October 26, 2009). 9505:"FOX 11 Investigates: 'Anonymous'" 8621:Surdin, Ashley (January 1, 2009). 8545:Bill targets adults who cyberbully 7331:Englander, Elizabeth (June 2012). 7141:California Legislative Information 7010:. October 29, 2015. Archived from 6828:Hurley, Bevan (November 2, 2021). 6573:Marziah Karch (November 5, 2018). 6479:from the original on July 23, 2021 6234: 6054:"Teens, Social Media, and Privacy" 6030:10.1016/b978-0-08-044894-7.00562-5 5247: 4985: 4977:Duggan, Maeve (October 30, 2014). 4949: 4746: 4718: 4657: 4376:Online Abuse Prevention Initiative 4366:Jessi Slaughter cyberbullying case 4111: 4058:, to draw attention to the issue. 3940:, the latter of which resulted in 3877: 3763:Research on preventive legislation 3615: 3276:University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 3188:According to a 2005 survey by the 2850: 2415: 25: 14176: 13464:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 12718:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 12603:Narcissistic personality disorder 11973:California v. Activision Blizzard 11803:List of controversial video games 11193:Machiavellianism in the workplace 9847: 9465:. January 9, 2008. Archived from 8785:Viola Lloyd (November 15, 2013). 8072:National Crime Prevention Council 8046:National Children's Home. (2005). 7848:Cyber Bullying: Student Awareness 7767:. Dublin Institute of Technology. 7695:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79 7111:San Diego Unified School District 6859:SOSA – Safe from Online Sex Abuse 6440:Young, Cathy (October 13, 2015). 6421:Berlatsky, Noah (June 14, 2017). 6399:Jenkins, Ria (January 30, 2015). 6292:MacDonald, Keza (March 6, 2012). 5531:10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.003 5053:Ramasubbu, Suren (May 26, 2015). 4979:"5 facts about online harassment" 4819:Multimedia Tools and Applications 4680: 4566:Burger, C.; Bachmann, L. (2021). 4535: 4118:National Crime Prevention Council 3705:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 3699:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 3684:planned to add to their proposed 3675: 3235:Studies published in 2007 in the 3024: 2708:has been a source of debate over 2696:), or more localized media (e.g. 2656: 2639: 2597:have resulted in law enforcement 2194:National Crime Prevention Council 14115: 14102: 14090: 14089: 13489:Mobile phones and driving safety 12681:Mobile phones and driving safety 12639:2021 Facebook company files leak 11742: 11730: 11719: 11718: 11414: 9818:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x 9636: 9618: 9592: 9580: 9569: 9532:. Dailytitan.com. Archived from 9521: 9497: 9473: 9451: 9429: 9411: 9387: 9375:Polsky, Carol (March 23, 2010). 9368: 9358:Media Education Research Journal 9345: 9330: 9279: 9230:American Osteopathic Association 9218: 9155: 9107: 9060: 9001: 8976: 8915: 8826: 8800: 8687: 8652: 8640: 8614: 8588: 8562: 8550: 8538: 8510: 8485: 8453: 8415: 8373: 8218: 8203:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017 8175: 8160:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.004 8090: 8060: 7992: 7978:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.03.005 7876: 7853: 7841: 7815: 7789: 7780: 7771: 7710: 7669: 7631:. EU Kids Online. Archived from 7613: 7594: 7534: 7506: 7437: 7401: 7389: 7370: 7347: 7324: 7298: 7276: 6498:Jager, Chris (August 25, 2014). 6459:Dastagir, Alia (July 23, 2021). 5985:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.002 5382:Blake, Vikki (August 22, 2021). 5354:Parrish, Ash (August 20, 2021). 5124:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3343 5105:Moreno, Megan A. (May 1, 2014). 4854:The Journal of Social Psychology 4636:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.002 4549:Brown Senate.gov, archived from 4434:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x 4028: 3771: 3610: 3121: 3110:Much cyberbullying is an act of 2805: 2741: 2662:This section is an excerpt from 2283: 2210: 1675:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1504:Law for Protection of the Nation 1398:White genocide conspiracy theory 58: 13392:Computer-mediated communication 12450:Computer-mediated communication 11146:Kauhajoki School of Hospitality 9587:YouTube tackles bullying online 9437:"First Class Rank Requirements" 9286:Nixon, Charisse (August 2014). 8870:School Psychology International 7823:"Cyber bullying bedevils Japan" 7513:Duggan, Maeve (July 11, 2017). 7500:Encyclopedia of Social Devience 7232: 7207: 7181: 7155: 7129: 7099: 7080: 7061: 6962: 6943: 6924: 6906: 6894: 6872: 6847: 6793: 6767: 6749: 6723: 6664: 6638: 6612: 6597: 6510: 6359:O'Leary, Amy (August 2, 2012). 6330: 6306: 6247: 6200: 6165: 6068: 6046: 6009: 5960: 5935: 5910: 5827: 5801: 5792: 5759: 5700: 5649: 5627: 5561: 5506: 5480: 5455: 5429: 5403: 5375: 5347: 5328: 5303: 5198: 5139: 5098: 5072: 5046: 5005: 4895: 4845: 4810: 4572:Int J Environ Res Public Health 4152:by people who call themselves " 2899: 2871:Overarching Learning Outcome 13 2752:needs additional citations for 2704:on the Internet, the ethics of 2537:sexism exists in gaming culture 2341: 1509:MSM blood donation restrictions 1251:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 13669:Empathising–systemising theory 12972:female intrasexual competition 12909:Evolutionarily stable strategy 12227:Truth in Video Game Rating Act 9559:"Cyber Civil Right Initiative" 8460:Howlett-Brandon, Mary (2014). 7798:"Anatomy of Japanese Bullying" 7682:Archives of General Psychiatry 7143:. California State Legislature 6256:CyberPsychology & Behavior 6235:Hu, Elise (October 22, 2014). 4658:Hu, Winnie (October 1, 2010). 4651: 4610: 4484:Paediatrics & Child Health 4471: 4449: 4408: 4195:An organized movement to make 3692: 3599: 2517:and perpetrate cyberbullying. 2183: 1522:(as religious or racial quota) 13: 1: 14029:Standard social science model 13082:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis 12549:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 11886:Super Columbine Massacre RPG! 11188:List of LGBT-related suicides 11089:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold 10403:Parental bullying of children 9983:Adverse childhood experiences 9883:Cyberbullying Research Center 9563:Cyber Civil Rights Initiative 9261:Croatian Journal of Education 8673:10.1080/21689725.2016.1278177 8068:"Cyberbullying FAQ For Teens" 7087:The Global Cyber Law Database 6736:Cyberbullying Research Center 6322:. March 16, 2016 – via 5882:The Journal of School Nursing 4866:10.1080/00224545.2021.1918619 4402: 4331:Empathy in online communities 3244:In 2007, Debbie Heimowitz, a 2886: 2248: 2117:victims' personal information 1952:Second-generation gender bias 1660:Constitutional colorblindness 323:Social determinants of health 13877:Missing heritability problem 13469:Social aspects of television 13092:Evolution of nervous systems 13060:Computational theory of mind 12706:Social aspects of television 12544:Generalized anxiety disorder 12404:Problematic social media use 12202:Intellectual property rights 11233:Social dominance orientation 11218:Psychopathy in the workplace 10342: 9873:Resources in other libraries 8189:Journal of Adolescent Health 8146:Journal of Adolescent Health 7423:10.1080/00220671.2011.629692 6903:Washington State Legislature 6024:. Elsevier. pp. 74–79. 4623:Journal of Adolescent Health 4356:Instagram's impact on people 4100:, and the government of the 4080:, the non–profit initiative 4023: 4018: 3304:Bureau of Justice Statistics 3238:Journal of Adolescent Health 3079:Dublin City University (DCU) 3012:A study on cyberbullying in 2991: 2485: 7: 14123:Evolutionary biology portal 12377:Internet addiction disorder 11198:Narcissism in the workplace 9909:, including the short film 9589:BBC News, November 19, 2007 8238:. p. 7. Archived from 8236:Centers for Disease Control 8110:. p. 9. Archived from 8108:Centers for Disease Control 7796:Sugimori Shinkichi (2012). 7658:secondedition.pdf lse.ac.uk 7073:September 12, 2018, at the 6294:"Are gamers really sexist?" 5735:10.1109/ASONAM.2014.6921591 5256:Computers in Human Behavior 4457:"Cyber Bullying Statistics" 4283: 3797:the claims made and adding 3272:Florida Atlantic University 3230:Centers for Disease Control 3178:University of New Hampshire 3141:University of New Hampshire 2986: 2962:contact police. In Mexico, 2856:searched by state or area. 2233: 2126: 1863:Medical model of disability 1707:Hate speech laws by country 32:Cyberbully (disambiguation) 10: 14181: 14084:Evolutionary psychologists 13957:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 13872:Human–animal communication 13584:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 13434:Imprinted brain hypothesis 13402:Human–computer interaction 12465:Human–computer interaction 12392:Problematic smartphone use 9924:Cyberbullying in Australia 9719:Journal of School Violence 9674:Journal of School Violence 9439:. US Scout Service Project 8814:. Department for Education 8032:Journal of School Violence 7629:London School of Economics 7498:Marcum, Catherine (2014). 7107:"Know Your Student Rights" 6940:Legislation by State, NCSL 6604:Lauckner, Carolyn (2019). 5918:"Cyberbullying Statistics" 5217:(vio.2017.0057): 147–152. 4122:public service advertising 4082:Actúa Contra el Ciberacoso 3943:United States v. Lori Drew 3696: 3603: 3323:By race/ethnicity and sex 3300:U.S. Department of Justice 3248:master's student, created 3053: 3037: 2859: 2733:Famous cyberbullying cases 2661: 2489: 2303: 2237: 2214: 2102: 1972:Social model of disability 378:Discrimination against men 29: 14078: 14004:Environmental determinism 13975:Cultural selection theory 13967: 13862:Evolutionary epistemology 13849: 13776:evolutionary neuroscience 13738: 13731: 13629: 13504: 13449:Rank theory of depression 13372: 13296: 13198: 13004: 12997: 12951:Parent–offspring conflict 12860: 12803: 12611: 12529: 12422: 12362: 12272: 12212:1993 U.S. Senate hearings 12207:Video Recordings Act 1984 12197: 12190: 12075:regionally censored games 12057: 11994: 11957: 11816: 11798: 11714: 11696: 11618: 11515: 11423: 11412: 11301: 11170: 11077: 10931: 10913:International Day of Pink 10908:Anti-bullying legislation 10890: 10845: 10774: 10767: 10706: 10505: 10350: 10192:Abusive power and control 10174: 9973: 9965: 9868:Resources in your library 9834:Cyberpsychol and Behavior 9761:10.1080/01639620701457816 9073:Psychology in the Schools 9027:10.1007/s10212-012-0117-6 8053:October 28, 2005, at the 7827:The Sydney Morning Herald 7731:10.1007/s00038-014-0638-7 7269:January 31, 2017, at the 6975:Psychology in the Schools 6549:Hate Crimes in Cyberspace 6546:Citron, Danielle (2014). 5356:"How to stop a hate raid" 5268:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.020 4831:10.1007/s11042-019-7234-z 4796:10.1080/01639620701457816 4704:10.1007/s10639-014-9349-1 4269:International cooperation 4252:teens' memorial pages on 4206: 3650:Internet service provider 3638:New York Court of Appeals 3606:Cyberstalking legislation 3085:found that almost 10% of 2969: 2944: 1303:Opposition to immigration 172:Race / Ethnicity 13897:Cultural group selection 13781:Biocultural anthropology 13474:Societal impacts of cars 13407:Media naturalness theory 13097:Fight-or-flight response 12733:Suicide and the Internet 12723:Social media and suicide 12470:Media naturalness theory 12049:Corrupted Blood incident 11942:Digital Homicide Studios 11792:Video game controversies 11628:Advertising and products 11238:Suicide among LGBT youth 10267:Psychological projection 10129:Referee and umpire abuse 9926:– resource for teenagers 9337:Simmons, Rachel (2011). 8317:10.1177/1541204006286288 8000:"Statistics on Bullying" 7603:Journal of Youth Studies 7515:"Online Harassment 2017" 7354:Wayne Petherick (2009). 7137:"Penal Code, Sec. 653.2" 6914:"What Is Cyberstalking?" 6018:Liberalism and Education 5895:10.1177/1059840517740191 4061: 3934:suicide of Ryan Halligan 3468:95% confidence interval 3346:95% confidence interval 3190:National Children's Home 3097: 3000: 2724:, negative reviews, and 2400:from a fictional friend@ 1298:Occupational segregation 1067:Compulsory sterilization 14155:Harassment and bullying 14097:Evolutionary psychology 14061:Sociocultural evolution 13902:Dual inheritance theory 13359:Personality development 12820:Theoretical foundations 12797:Evolutionary psychology 12554:Social anxiety disorder 12387:Online problem gambling 12007:Cheating in video games 10533:Character assassination 8661:First Amendment Studies 7386:Stalking and Harassment 5635:"Defining a Cyberbully" 5597:Willard, Nancy (2007). 5315:www.merriam-webster.com 5165:10.3390/ijerph191811809 4585:10.3390/ijerph181910429 4301:Character assassination 4211:Originating in Canada, 3579: 3566: 3462:95% confidence interval 3456:95% confidence interval 3340:95% confidence interval 3334:95% confidence interval 3309: 3285: 3261: 3219: 3207: 3171: 3146: 3134: 2867:Ofsted eSafety guidance 2269: 1848:Internalized oppression 1702:Fighting Discrimination 1692:Fat acceptance movement 1650:Anti-discrimination law 1276:Native American mascots 14019:Social constructionism 14014:Psychological nativism 13989:Biological determinism 13937:Recent human evolution 13932:Punctuated equilibrium 13755:Behavioral epigenetics 13750:evolutionary economics 13719:Variability hypothesis 13664:Emotional intelligence 13397:Engineering psychology 13087:Evolution of the brain 12711:Television consumption 12666:Evolution of cognition 12591:Body image disturbance 12532:psychiatric conditions 12460:Engineering psychology 12382:Internet sex addiction 12363:Proposed or recognised 12232:Video Game Decency Act 12024:Death of Brandon Crisp 12002:Blitzchung controversy 10923:Think Before You Speak 10817:James O'Higgins Norman 10749:It Gets Better Project 10460:Information technology 9841:Journal of Adolescence 9273:10.15516/cje.v17i3.835 8428:Psychology of Violence 8196:(6 Suppl 1): S22–S30. 8153:(6 Suppl 1): S42–S50. 8074:. 2015. Archived from 7935:10.1542/peds.2006-0815 7663:April 5, 2020, at the 7575:June 11, 2012, at the 7092:June 20, 2012, at the 6956:June 22, 2012, at the 6268:10.1089/cpb.2004.7.714 5836:Psychological Bulletin 5675:10.3390/ijerph16020218 5519:Journal of Adolescence 5031:10.1542/peds.2011-0054 4981:. Pew Research Center. 4761:July 29, 2014, at the 4186:Girl Scouts of the USA 4134:The Boy Scout Handbook 4056:Stop Cyberbullying Day 3988:anonymous social media 3975: 3962:On youth and teenagers 3938:suicide of Megan Meier 3906: 3889:suicide of Megan Meier 3863:by Charles Biname and 3751: 3295: 3274:) and Justin Patchin ( 3232: 3212:According to the 2006 3131: 2915: 2878:New Haven, Connecticut 2686:social media platforms 2513: 2447: 2404: 2317:doxxed the owner of a 1967:Social identity threat 1940:Reverse discrimination 1930:Racial color blindness 1388:Violence against women 1368:Sex-selective abortion 14046:Multilineal evolution 14009:Nature versus nurture 13968:Theoretical positions 13816:Functional psychology 13811:Evolutionary medicine 13786:Biological psychiatry 13494:Texting while driving 13484:Lead–crime hypothesis 13344:Cognitive development 13329:Caregiver deprivation 12840:Gene selection theory 12755:Texting while driving 12686:Promotion of anorexia 12671:Evolutionary mismatch 12634:Criticism of Facebook 12365:diagnostic categories 12092:Gender representation 12034:2017 Wichita swatting 11208:Personality disorders 11183:Just-world hypothesis 10423:Relational aggression 10237:Just-world hypothesis 9988:Anti-social behaviour 9732:10.1300/j202v06n03_06 9687:10.1300/j202v01n02_04 9469:on November 25, 2015. 9200:"Effects of Bullying" 9148:Ideas and Discoveries 8959:"NIMH » Suicide" 8517:Pérez-Peña, Richard. 7620:Hasebrink, U (2011). 7382:May 24, 2015, at the 7337:MARC Research Reports 6936:June 9, 2013, at the 6920:on December 27, 2014. 5311:"Definition of TROLL" 5224:10.1089/vio.2017.0057 4496:10.1093/pch/19.10.527 4336:Evolutionary mismatch 4129:Boy Scouts of America 4035:Cybersmile Foundation 4006:Suppression of speech 3973: 3901: 3749: 3293: 3266:In 2008, researchers 3227: 3198:cellular phone camera 3129: 3112:relational aggression 2833:Ethical cyberbullying 2676:in which targets are 2574:Sabotage among rival 2561:Gamergate controversy 2503: 2496:2017 Wichita swatting 2492:Gamergate controversy 2442: 2395: 2238:Further information: 2215:Further information: 1935:Religious intolerance 1895:Political correctness 1717:Intersex human rights 1665:Cultural assimilation 1333:Religious persecution 1097:Disability hate crime 864:Jewish / Antisemitism 13999:Cultural determinism 13806:Evolutionary biology 13791:Cognitive psychology 13739:Academic disciplines 13387:Cognitive ergonomics 13354:Language acquisition 13334:Childhood attachment 13147:Wason selection task 13041:Behavioral modernity 12830:Cognitive revolution 12813:Evolutionary thought 12624:Behavioral modernity 12619:Behavioral addiction 12445:Cognitive ergonomics 12430:Digital anthropology 12423:Disciplines involved 12414:Video game addiction 12409:Television addiction 12302:Epic Games v. Google 12044:match fixing scandal 11979:ABK Workers Alliance 11960:workplace misconduct 11928:Six Days in Fallujah 11633:Animation and comics 10948:William Arthur Gibbs 10832:Christina Salmivalli 10782:Anna Costanza Baldry 10729:Bystander Revolution 10714:Act Against Bullying 10693:Workplace incivility 10618:Moving the goalposts 10445:Workplace harassment 10373:Displaced aggression 10272:Psychological trauma 9903:Cyberbullying.org.nz 9843:. Jun; 27(3):319–36. 9536:on November 25, 2015 9517:on October 30, 2021. 9493:on October 30, 2021. 8602:on December 15, 2017 8078:on November 15, 2017 7366:on February 9, 2009. 7284:"Stop Cyberbullying" 7169:. September 26, 2017 7117:on September 5, 2019 7014:on November 26, 2015 6585:on December 17, 2018 5813:Pew Internet Project 5711:. pp. 244–252. 4306:Cyber defamation law 4291:Behavioral modernity 4235:Act Against Bullying 4182:Procter & Gamble 4049:, social isolation, 3932:. These include the 3643:People v. Marquan M. 3374:Black, non-Hispanic 3351:White, non-Hispanic 2761:improve this article 2614:Information cascades 2473:According to a 2013 1318:Political repression 283:Anti-left handedness 273:Anti-intellectualism 14066:Unilineal evolution 13831:Population genetics 13616:Sexy son hypothesis 13554:Hormonal motivation 13534:Concealed ovulation 13075:Dual process theory 12946:Parental investment 12676:Fear of missing out 12295:Epic Games v. Apple 11995:Other controversies 11502:Padonkaffsky jargon 11203:Personal boundaries 11178:Emotional blackmail 10858:Louise Burfitt-Dons 10797:David P. Farrington 10643:Psychological abuse 10368:Disability bullying 10358:Abusive supervision 10182:Abusive supervision 10109:Psychological abuse 10084:Institutional abuse 9890:at Stopbullying.gov 9836:. Apr; 7(2):247–57. 9626:"The BULLY Project" 9352:Binns, Amy (2013). 9305:10.2147/AHMT.S36456 8728:on December 9, 2021 8627:The Washington Post 8576:on January 13, 2017 8012:on October 4, 2013. 7829:. November 12, 2007 7520:Pew Research Center 7446:Aggressive Behavior 6677:Behavioral Sciences 6652:. February 12, 2024 6241:All Tech Considered 6222:The Washington Post 6216:Rosenberg, Alyssa. 6108:Scientific American 6082:on October 18, 2017 5922:Internet Safety 101 5727:2014arXiv1404.3839H 5615:on January 21, 2022 5443:. December 27, 2016 5291:. February 16, 2021 5211:Violence and Gender 4908:Aggressive Behavior 4825:(17): 23973–24010. 4478:Peebles, E (2014). 4131:'s 2008 edition of 4096:has also created a 3446: 3324: 3246:Stanford University 2702:private information 2678:publicly humiliated 2205:in a school setting 1843:Historical eugenics 1358:Segregation academy 1338:Religious terrorism 1127:Enemy of the people 1035:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 523:Jehovah's Witnesses 403:Perpetual foreigner 14024:Social determinism 13907:Fisher's principle 13867:Great ape language 13857:Cultural evolution 13826:Philosophy of mind 13659:Division of labour 13621:Westermarck effect 13569:Mating preferences 13479:Distracted driving 13213:Literary criticism 13070:Domain specificity 13050:modularity of mind 12372:Computer addiction 12309:Strickland v. Sony 12114:Simulator sickness 11808:Video game culture 11213:Playing the victim 11141:Matti Juhani Saari 11133:Jokela High School 11128:Pekka-Eric Auvinen 10972:Nicola Ann Raphael 10903:Anti-Bullying Week 10678:Social undermining 10450:Workplace bullying 10408:Peer victimization 10262:Playing the victim 10154:Surveillance abuse 10104:Professional abuse 10025:Cruelty to animals 9169:The New York Times 9085:10.1002/pits.21603 9048:on August 13, 2015 8938:Houston Law Review 8524:The New York Times 8472:10.25772/TENZ-WB86 7049:. November 8, 2018 7008:The Durango Herald 6987:10.1002/pits.21603 6952:7 News; June 2012 6690:10.3390/bs13110903 6366:The New York Times 6153:on August 19, 2014 5815:. February 3, 2010 5785:10.5817/CP2013-1-4 5575:. October 13, 2017 5415:Legal Explanations 4742:on March 28, 2014. 4665:The New York Times 4386:The Psycho Ex-Wife 3976: 3930:Baltimore Examiner 3782:possibly contains 3752: 3725:workplace bullying 3713:Revised Penal Code 3686:Online Safety Bill 3670:Morse v. Frederick 3444: 3322: 3296: 3233: 3132: 2964:Olimpia Coral Melo 2706:public humiliation 2581:Some instances of 2514: 2448: 2405: 1747:Social integration 1742:Self-determination 1732:Racial integration 1680:Diversity training 1670:Cultural pluralism 1645:Affirmative action 1537:Racial segregation 1447:Crime of apartheid 1343:Religious violence 828:Indigenous people 199:Sexual orientation 14132: 14131: 14110:Psychology portal 14074: 14073: 13917:Hologenome theory 13887:Unit of selection 13882:Primate cognition 13796:Cognitive science 13727: 13726: 13598:Sexual attraction 13574:Mating strategies 13339:Cinderella effect 13269:Moral foundations 13173:Visual perception 13065:Domain generality 13034:Facial expression 12982:Sexual dimorphism 12941:Natural selection 12887:Hamiltonian spite 12763: 12762: 12435:Digital sociology 12322: 12321: 12318: 12317: 12259:Video game piracy 12242:Microtransactions 11758: 11757: 11706:Eternal September 11261: 11260: 10966:Dawn-Marie Wesley 10898:Anti-Bullying Day 10886: 10885: 10608:Kiss up kick down 10393:Military bullying 10310: 10309: 10287:Traumatic bonding 9854:Library resources 9712:, 13(4), 224–228. 9630:The BULLY Project 9403:. July 22, 2011. 9126:on August 6, 2014 8361:on August 1, 2015 8284:978-1-4129-6689-4 8245:on April 22, 2009 8117:on April 22, 2009 7655:978-0-85328-406-2 6559:978-0-674-36829-3 6523:The Wichita Eagle 6446:New York Observer 6324:National Archives 6186:10.2190/ec.47.3.a 6039:978-0-08-044894-7 5744:978-1-4799-5877-1 5146:Burger C (2022). 5079:Wolpert, Stuart. 4728:Gregorie, Trudy. 4553:on April 10, 2011 4228:Community support 4213:Anti-Bullying Day 3827: 3826: 3819: 3784:original research 3564: 3563: 3445:By grade and sex 3442: 3441: 3064:life satisfaction 2869:) and Australia ( 2842:Predator catchers 2793: 2792: 2785: 2632:organized by the 2609:In search engines 2594:League of Legends 2585:in games such as 2396:Cyberbullying by 2331:sexual harassment 2325:Sexual harassment 2155:Internet trolling 2148:COVID-19 pandemic 2062: 2061: 1925:Racism by country 1853:Intersectionality 1838:Heteronormativity 1621:Voter suppression 1363:Sexual harassment 1162:Forced conversion 1082:Cultural genocide 727:African Americans 533:post–Cold War era 518:Eastern Orthodoxy 268:Anti-drug addicts 263:Anti-homelessness 182:Scientific racism 16:(Redirected from 14172: 14119: 14106: 14093: 14092: 13736: 13735: 13732:Related subjects 13519:Adult attachment 13046:Cognitive module 13002: 13001: 12989:Social selection 12963:Costly signaling 12958:Sexual selection 12845:Modern synthesis 12790: 12783: 12776: 12767: 12766: 12586:Anorexia nervosa 12571:Bipolar disorder 12539:Anxiety disorder 12349: 12342: 12335: 12326: 12325: 12195: 12194: 11900:Ethnic Cleansing 11832:Custer's Revenge 11785: 11778: 11771: 11762: 11761: 11746: 11734: 11722: 11721: 11418: 11316:Creepy treehouse 11288: 11281: 11274: 11265: 11264: 11020:Kenneth Weishuhn 10990:Sladjana Vidovic 10878:Lizzie Velásquez 10837:Kenneth Westhues 10792:Dorothy Espelage 10772: 10771: 10673:Social exclusion 10633:Personal attacks 10568:False accusation 10470:Legal profession 10433:Higher education 10337: 10330: 10323: 10314: 10313: 10149:Structural abuse 10124:Police brutality 10030:Disability abuse 9960: 9953: 9946: 9937: 9936: 9829: 9812:(7): 1308–1316. 9786:, 4(2), 148–169. 9772: 9749:Deviant Behavior 9743: 9698: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9555: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9541: 9525: 9519: 9518: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9398: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9349: 9343: 9342: 9341:. Mariner Books. 9334: 9328: 9327: 9317: 9307: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9256: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9204:StopBullying.gov 9196: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9159: 9153: 9152: 9142: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9122:. Archived from 9120:Carlyle Observer 9111: 9105: 9104: 9095: 9089: 9088: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9044:. Archived from 9038: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8980: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8963:www.nimh.nih.gov 8955: 8946: 8945: 8933: 8922: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8899:. Archived from 8889: 8878: 8877: 8865: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8765: 8757: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8710: 8704: 8703: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8572:. Archived from 8570:"Fort Bragg USD" 8566: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8514: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8440:10.1037/a0037521 8419: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8387: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8360: 8353: 8338: 8329: 8328: 8298: 8289: 8288: 8270: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8244: 8234:. Atlanta (GA): 8233: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8205: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8162: 8136: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8116: 8106:. Atlanta (GA): 8105: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8064: 8058: 8044: 8035: 8025: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8005:. Archived from 8004: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7966:J Adolesc Health 7961: 7955: 7954: 7917: 7911: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7880: 7874: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7863:. July 10, 2019. 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7819: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7778: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7697: 7673: 7667: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7626: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7598: 7592: 7589: 7580: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7495: 7470: 7469: 7458:10.1002/ab.21555 7441: 7435: 7434: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7362:. Archived from 7351: 7345: 7344: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7280: 7274: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7253:on May 26, 2013. 7249:. Archived from 7236: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7167:stopbullying.gov 7159: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7113:. Archived from 7103: 7097: 7084: 7078: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7039: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7000: 6991: 6990: 6966: 6960: 6947: 6941: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6916:. 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Archived from 6072: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6013: 6007: 6006: 5996: 5973:J Adolesc Health 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5897: 5873: 5860: 5859: 5848:10.1037/a0035618 5842:(4): 1073–1137. 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5720: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5687: 5677: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5614: 5608:. Archived from 5603: 5594: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5494:. April 12, 2023 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5417:. March 16, 2023 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5262:(6): 2758–2765. 5251: 5245: 5244: 5226: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5167: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5126: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5033: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4994: 4983: 4982: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4956: 4947: 4946: 4920:10.1002/ab.21986 4899: 4893: 4892: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4784:Deviant Behavior 4779: 4766: 4753: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4735:. Archived from 4734: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4638: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4597: 4587: 4563: 4554: 4542: 4533: 4527: 4518: 4517: 4507: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4436: 4412: 4127:As of 2008, the 4094:Castile and León 4077:Foundation Alia2 4047:eating disorders 3897:mental disorders 3822: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3802: 3799:inline citations 3775: 3774: 3767: 3663: 3447: 3443: 3325: 3321: 3077:A 2018 study by 2788: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2768: 2745: 2737: 2710:internet privacy 2557:Anita Sarkeesian 2159:online community 2054: 2047: 2040: 1977:Social privilege 1962:Social exclusion 1890:Police brutality 1811:Multiculturalism 1781:Amatonormativity 1596:Social exclusion 1432:Age of candidacy 1226:Homeless dumping 1132:Ethnic cleansing 62: 39: 38: 21: 14180: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14173: 14171: 14170: 14169: 14135: 14134: 14133: 14128: 14070: 14056:Neoevolutionism 13963: 13947:Species complex 13912:Group selection 13850:Research topics 13845: 13821:Neuropsychology 13723: 13709:Substance abuse 13631:Sex differences 13625: 13539:Coolidge effect 13500: 13412:Neuroergonomics 13377: 13368: 13292: 13194: 13128:Folk psychology 13009: 12993: 12863: 12856: 12799: 12794: 12764: 12759: 12607: 12581:Eating disorder 12531: 12525: 12475:Neuroergonomics 12455:Cyberpsychology 12418: 12364: 12358: 12353: 12323: 12314: 12268: 12186: 12104:Health problems 12053: 11990: 11959: 11953: 11893:Muslim Massacre 11812: 11794: 11789: 11759: 11754: 11710: 11692: 11614: 11511: 11419: 11410: 11297: 11292: 11262: 11257: 11166: 11081: 11079:Murder–suicides 11073: 11068:Tyrone Unsworth 11050:Rebecca Sedwick 11044:Rehtaeh Parsons 11008:Jamey Rodemeyer 10936: 10927: 10882: 10841: 10763: 10739:Ditch the Label 10702: 10553:Destabilisation 10543:Culture of fear 10501: 10497:Toxic workplace 10440:Sexual bullying 10428:School bullying 10413:Prison bullying 10346: 10341: 10311: 10306: 10282:Rationalization 10217:Destabilisation 10170: 10134:Religious abuse 9969: 9964: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9862: 9861: 9857: 9850: 9667: 9665:Further reading 9662: 9652: 9650: 9642: 9641: 9637: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9607: 9605:Huffington Post 9597: 9593: 9585: 9581: 9574: 9570: 9557: 9556: 9549: 9539: 9537: 9526: 9522: 9503: 9502: 9498: 9479: 9478: 9474: 9457: 9456: 9452: 9442: 9440: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9423:BostonGlobe.com 9417: 9416: 9412: 9393: 9392: 9388: 9373: 9369: 9350: 9346: 9335: 9331: 9284: 9280: 9257: 9244: 9234: 9232: 9224: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9198: 9197: 9184: 9174: 9172: 9160: 9156: 9144: 9143: 9139: 9129: 9127: 9114:Kelly Running. 9112: 9108: 9096: 9092: 9065: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9040: 9039: 9035: 9006: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8982: 8981: 8977: 8967: 8965: 8957: 8956: 8949: 8934: 8925: 8920: 8916: 8906: 8904: 8903:on May 30, 2020 8891: 8890: 8881: 8866: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8817: 8815: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8791: 8789: 8783: 8779: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8758: 8741: 8731: 8729: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8692: 8688: 8657: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8603: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8579: 8577: 8568: 8567: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8515: 8511: 8501: 8499: 8491: 8490: 8486: 8476: 8474: 8458: 8454: 8444: 8442: 8420: 8416: 8406: 8404: 8385: 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8351: 8339: 8332: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8271: 8258: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8180: 8176: 8137: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8066: 8065: 8061: 8055:Wayback Machine 8045: 8038: 8034:, 6(3), 89–112. 8026: 8017: 8009: 8002: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7962: 7958: 7929:(4): e1169–77. 7918: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7882: 7881: 7877: 7872: 7868: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7832: 7830: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7794: 7790: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7772: 7761: 7754: 7715: 7711: 7674: 7670: 7665:Wayback Machine 7647: 7643: 7638:on May 4, 2012. 7635: 7624: 7618: 7614: 7599: 7595: 7590: 7583: 7577:Wayback Machine 7567: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7539: 7535: 7525: 7523: 7511: 7507: 7496: 7473: 7442: 7438: 7406: 7402: 7394: 7390: 7384:Wayback Machine 7375: 7371: 7352: 7348: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7287: 7282: 7281: 7277: 7271:Wayback Machine 7262: 7258: 7237: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7219:www.demos.co.uk 7213: 7212: 7208: 7198: 7196: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7172: 7170: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7146: 7144: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7094:Wayback Machine 7085: 7081: 7075:Wayback Machine 7066: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7041: 7040: 7027: 7017: 7015: 7002: 7001: 6994: 6967: 6963: 6958:Wayback Machine 6948: 6944: 6938:Wayback Machine 6929: 6925: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6899: 6895: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6863: 6861: 6853: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6834:The Independent 6826: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6740: 6738: 6728: 6724: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6629: 6627: 6617: 6613: 6602: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6571: 6567: 6560: 6544: 6537: 6527: 6525: 6515: 6511: 6506:. Gawker Media. 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6457: 6453: 6438: 6434: 6419: 6412: 6397: 6393: 6378: 6374: 6357: 6350: 6335: 6331: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6290: 6283: 6252: 6248: 6233: 6229: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6170: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6059: 6057: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6014: 6010: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5874: 5863: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5797: 5793: 5764: 5760: 5745: 5705: 5701: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5601: 5595: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5471: 5469: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5446: 5444: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5352: 5348: 5333: 5329: 5319: 5317: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5289:www.justice.gov 5283: 5282: 5275: 5252: 5248: 5203: 5199: 5144: 5140: 5111:JAMA Pediatrics 5107:"Cyberbullying" 5103: 5099: 5089: 5087: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5059:Huffington Post 5051: 5047: 5010: 5006: 4995: 4986: 4975: 4968: 4957: 4950: 4900: 4896: 4850: 4846: 4815: 4811: 4780: 4769: 4763:Wayback Machine 4754: 4747: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4719: 4688: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4668:. Nate Schweber 4656: 4652: 4615: 4611: 4564: 4557: 4543: 4536: 4528: 4521: 4490:(10): 527–528. 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4286: 4271: 4230: 4209: 4114: 4072:PantallasAmigas 4064: 4039:online bullying 4031: 4026: 4021: 4008: 3964: 3914: 3880: 3878:Harmful effects 3823: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3788: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3721: 3701: 3695: 3678: 3655: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3602: 3582: 3569: 3312: 3288: 3264: 3222: 3210: 3174: 3149: 3137: 3124: 3100: 3056: 3040: 3027: 3003: 2994: 2989: 2972: 2947: 2918: 2902: 2889: 2862: 2853: 2851:Law enforcement 2844: 2835: 2808: 2789: 2778: 2772: 2769: 2758: 2746: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2667: 2659: 2642: 2611: 2603:Wichita, Kansas 2498: 2488: 2454:, Twitter, and 2418: 2416:In social media 2344: 2327: 2306: 2286: 2272: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2219: 2213: 2201:cyberharassment 2186: 2129: 2105: 2075:) is a form of 2073:online bullying 2069:cyberharassment 2058: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2025: 1900:Polyculturalism 1796:Civil liberties 1768: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1737:Reappropriation 1637: 1636:Countermeasures 1629: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1554:Racial steering 1520:Numerus clausus 1424: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1137:Ethnic conflict 1072:Corrective rape 1027: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 652: 641: 640: 639: 638: 637: 592:minority Muslim 480: 470: 469: 468: 467: 466: 358:HIV/AIDS stigma 230: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 167:Mental disorder 109: 101: 100: 99: 98: 97: 70: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14178: 14168: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14130: 14129: 14127: 14126: 14113: 14100: 14087: 14079: 14076: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14032: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13977: 13971: 13969: 13965: 13964: 13962: 13961: 13960: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13853: 13851: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13761: 13752: 13742: 13740: 13733: 13729: 13728: 13725: 13724: 13722: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13635: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13600: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13510: 13508: 13502: 13501: 13499: 13498: 13497: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13439:Mind-blindness 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13383: 13381: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13313: 13308: 13302: 13300: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13290: 13285: 13284: 13283: 13273: 13272: 13271: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13239: 13234: 13233: 13232: 13222: 13221: 13220: 13215: 13204: 13202: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13151: 13150: 13149: 13144: 13134: 13132:theory of mind 13125: 13116: 13115: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13078: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13043: 13038: 13037: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13015: 13013: 12999: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12991: 12986: 12985: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12965: 12955: 12954: 12953: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12927: 12926: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12899:Baldwin effect 12896: 12895: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12874: 12868: 12866: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12854: 12849: 12848: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12817: 12816: 12815: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12793: 12792: 12785: 12778: 12770: 12761: 12760: 12758: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12746: 12745: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12714: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12701:Binge-watching 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12661:Digital zombie 12658: 12653: 12651:Cyberpathology 12648: 12643: 12642: 12641: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12615: 12613: 12612:Related topics 12609: 12608: 12606: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12588: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12557: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12535: 12533: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12496: 12495: 12494: 12484: 12479: 12478: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12437: 12432: 12426: 12424: 12420: 12419: 12417: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12400: 12399: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12368: 12366: 12360: 12359: 12352: 12351: 12344: 12337: 12329: 12320: 12319: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12312: 12305: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12250: 12249: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12198: 12192: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12184: 12183: 12182: 12172: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12148:Sexual content 12145: 12140: 12139: 12138: 12128: 12123: 12122: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12101: 12100: 12099: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12078: 12077: 12072: 12061: 12059: 12058:Social aspects 12055: 12054: 12052: 12051: 12046: 12042:Counter-Strike 12038: 12037: 12036: 12026: 12021: 12020: 12019: 12014: 12004: 11998: 11996: 11992: 11991: 11989: 11988: 11983: 11982: 11981: 11969: 11967:Crunch culture 11963: 11961: 11958:Harassment and 11955: 11954: 11952: 11951: 11948:Active Shooter 11944: 11939: 11931: 11924: 11917: 11914:V-Tech Rampage 11910: 11903: 11896: 11889: 11882: 11875: 11868: 11861: 11854: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11828: 11820: 11818: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11810: 11805: 11799: 11796: 11795: 11788: 11787: 11780: 11773: 11765: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11752: 11740: 11728: 11715: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11708: 11702: 11700: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11624: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11521: 11519: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11441: 11440: 11429: 11427: 11421: 11420: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11391:Shadow banning 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11307: 11305: 11299: 11298: 11295:Internet slang 11291: 11290: 11283: 11276: 11268: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11243:Victim blaming 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11174: 11172: 11171:Related topics 11168: 11167: 11165: 11164: 11163: 11162: 11151: 11150: 11149: 11138: 11137: 11136: 11125: 11124: 11123: 11112: 11111: 11110: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11085: 11083: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11071: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11023: 11017: 11011: 11005: 11002:Tyler Clementi 10999: 10993: 10987: 10981: 10975: 10969: 10963: 10957: 10951: 10944: 10942: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10894: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10849: 10847: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10778: 10776: 10769: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10710: 10708: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10668:Smear campaign 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10638:Physical abuse 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10528:Cancel culture 10525: 10520: 10515: 10509: 10507: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10354: 10352: 10348: 10347: 10340: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10317: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10292:Victim blaming 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10222:Discrimination 10219: 10214: 10209: 10207:Dehumanization 10204: 10199: 10197:Child grooming 10194: 10189: 10187:Abuse of power 10184: 10178: 10176: 10175:Related topics 10172: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10114:Physical abuse 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10044: 10042:Domestic abuse 10039: 10038: 10037: 10035:military draft 10027: 10022: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9979: 9977: 9971: 9970: 9963: 9962: 9955: 9948: 9940: 9934: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9915: 9900: 9891: 9885: 9876: 9875: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9848:External links 9846: 9845: 9844: 9837: 9830: 9801: 9791: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9755:(2): 129–156. 9744: 9713: 9706: 9699: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9635: 9617: 9591: 9579: 9568: 9547: 9520: 9496: 9472: 9450: 9428: 9410: 9386: 9367: 9344: 9329: 9278: 9267:(3): 659–680. 9242: 9217: 9182: 9154: 9137: 9106: 9090: 9059: 9033: 9020:(2): 337–351. 9000: 8988:kidshealth.org 8975: 8947: 8923: 8914: 8879: 8851: 8825: 8799: 8777: 8739: 8705: 8686: 8651: 8639: 8613: 8587: 8561: 8549: 8537: 8509: 8484: 8452: 8434:(4): 399–415. 8414: 8372: 8330: 8311:(2): 148–169. 8290: 8283: 8256: 8217: 8174: 8128: 8089: 8059: 8036: 8015: 7991: 7956: 7912: 7903: 7875: 7866: 7852: 7840: 7814: 7788: 7779: 7770: 7752: 7725:(2): 199–206. 7709: 7688:(7): 720–728. 7668: 7641: 7612: 7593: 7581: 7561: 7533: 7505: 7502:. p. 165. 7471: 7452:(5): 474–488. 7436: 7417:(6): 442–455. 7400: 7388: 7369: 7346: 7323: 7297: 7275: 7256: 7231: 7206: 7195:. May 26, 2016 7180: 7154: 7128: 7098: 7079: 7060: 7025: 6992: 6981:(4): 352–367. 6961: 6942: 6923: 6905: 6893: 6871: 6846: 6817: 6792: 6766: 6748: 6722: 6663: 6637: 6611: 6596: 6565: 6558: 6535: 6509: 6490: 6451: 6432: 6410: 6391: 6372: 6348: 6329: 6319:whitehouse.gov 6305: 6281: 6246: 6227: 6208: 6199: 6180:(3): 235–249. 6164: 6147:latrobe.edu.au 6134: 6114: 6093: 6067: 6056:. May 21, 2013 6045: 6038: 6008: 5979:(3): 305–312. 5959: 5934: 5909: 5861: 5826: 5800: 5791: 5758: 5743: 5699: 5648: 5626: 5586: 5560: 5505: 5479: 5454: 5428: 5402: 5374: 5346: 5327: 5302: 5273: 5246: 5197: 5138: 5097: 5071: 5045: 5024:(4): 800–804. 5004: 4984: 4966: 4948: 4914:(5): 557–569, 4894: 4860:(4): 408–418, 4844: 4809: 4790:(2): 129–156. 4767: 4745: 4717: 4698:(4): 719–728. 4679: 4650: 4629:(5): 483–488. 4609: 4555: 4534: 4519: 4470: 4448: 4427:(4): 376–385. 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4321:Digital safety 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4270: 4267: 4229: 4226: 4208: 4205: 4113: 4110: 4102:Canary Islands 4063: 4060: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4007: 4004: 3963: 3960: 3913: 3910: 3879: 3876: 3825: 3824: 3779: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3720: 3719:European Union 3717: 3697:Main article: 3694: 3691: 3677: 3676:United Kingdom 3674: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3604:Main article: 3601: 3598: 3581: 3578: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3328:Race/ethnicity 3311: 3308: 3287: 3284: 3268:Sameer Hinduja 3263: 3260: 3221: 3218: 3209: 3206: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3148: 3145: 3136: 3133: 3123: 3120: 3099: 3096: 3055: 3052: 3039: 3036: 3026: 3025:European Union 3023: 3007:mainland China 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2971: 2968: 2946: 2943: 2917: 2914: 2901: 2898: 2888: 2885: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2807: 2804: 2791: 2790: 2749: 2747: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2718:cancel culture 2674:public shaming 2670:Online shaming 2668: 2664:Online shaming 2660: 2658: 2657:Online shaming 2655: 2641: 2640:In dating apps 2638: 2610: 2607: 2526:gaming culture 2506:gaming culture 2504:Harassment in 2487: 2484: 2417: 2414: 2367: 2366: 2351: 2343: 2340: 2326: 2323: 2305: 2302: 2298:Britney Spears 2285: 2282: 2271: 2268: 2250: 2247: 2240:Internet troll 2235: 2232: 2212: 2209: 2185: 2182: 2128: 2125: 2113:sexual remarks 2104: 2101: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2042: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1945:Reverse racism 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1915:Prisoner abuse 1912: 1907: 1905:Power distance 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1823:Ethnic penalty 1820: 1819: 1818: 1816:Neurodiversity 1813: 1803: 1801:Dehumanization 1798: 1793: 1791:Cisnormativity 1788: 1783: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1767:Related topics 1766: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1611:State religion 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1547:Nuremberg Laws 1544: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1489:Ghetto benches 1486: 1484:Gerrymandering 1481: 1476: 1471: 1469:Gender pay gap 1466: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1246:Lavender scare 1243: 1241:Kill Haole Day 1238: 1236:Indian rolling 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1122:Eliminationism 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1057:Cancel culture 1054: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1026:Manifestations 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 906:Middle Eastern 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 872: 871: 861: 856: 851: 846: 845: 844: 839: 834: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 740: 739: 734: 729: 719: 714: 709: 708: 707: 702: 697: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 656: 655: 654: 653: 647: 646: 643: 642: 636: 635: 633:Zoroastrianism 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 609: 608: 598: 597: 596: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 559: 558: 557: 555:Untouchability 552: 542: 537: 536: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 505: 500: 495: 490: 484: 483: 482: 481: 476: 475: 472: 471: 465: 464: 459: 454: 453: 452: 447: 442: 432: 431: 430: 425: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 368:Leprosy stigma 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 234: 233: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 185: 184: 179: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 113: 112: 111: 110: 107: 106: 103: 102: 96: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 64: 63: 55: 54: 52:Discrimination 48: 47: 26: 18:Cyber bullying 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14177: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14145:Cyberbullying 14143: 14142: 14140: 14125: 14124: 14118: 14114: 14112: 14111: 14105: 14101: 14099: 14098: 14088: 14086: 14085: 14081: 14080: 14077: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14051:Neo-Darwinism 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14036:Functionalism 14034: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13994:Connectionism 13992: 13990: 13987: 13986: 13985: 13984:indeterminism 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13972: 13970: 13966: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13889: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13848: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13773: 13769: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13747: 13744: 13743: 13741: 13737: 13734: 13730: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13704:Schizophrenia 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13689:Mental health 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13608: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13564:Mate guarding 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13524:Age disparity 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13503: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13476: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13454:Schizophrenia 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13389: 13388: 13385: 13384: 13382: 13380: 13379:Mental health 13375: 13374:Human factors 13371: 13365: 13364:Socialization 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13324:paternal bond 13321: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13289: 13286: 13282: 13279: 13278: 13277: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13266: 13265: 13262: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13231: 13228: 13227: 13226: 13223: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13210: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13201: 13197: 13189: 13188:Naïve physics 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13155: 13154:Motor control 13152: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13120: 13117: 13113: 13112:Ophidiophobia 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13102:Arachnophobia 13100: 13099: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13052: 13051: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13029:Display rules 13027: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13012: 13007: 13003: 13000: 12996: 12990: 12987: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12960: 12959: 12956: 12952: 12949: 12948: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12931:Kin selection 12929: 12925: 12922: 12921: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12879: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12865: 12859: 12853: 12850: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12825:Adaptationism 12823: 12822: 12821: 12818: 12814: 12811: 12810: 12809: 12806: 12805: 12802: 12798: 12791: 12786: 12784: 12779: 12777: 12772: 12771: 12768: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12744: 12741: 12740: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12656:Digital detox 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12646:Cyberbullying 12644: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12616: 12614: 12610: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12540: 12537: 12536: 12534: 12528: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12497: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12442: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12427: 12425: 12421: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12367: 12361: 12357: 12350: 12345: 12343: 12338: 12336: 12331: 12330: 12327: 12311: 12310: 12306: 12304: 12303: 12299: 12297: 12296: 12292: 12290: 12289: 12285: 12283: 12282: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12265: 12264:Skin gambling 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12237:Law 3037/2002 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12196: 12193: 12189: 12181: 12178: 12177: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12150: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12137: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12105: 12102: 12098: 12097:LGBTQ+ themes 12095: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12082:Cyberbullying 12080: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12056: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12032: 12031: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12009: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11993: 11987: 11984: 11980: 11977: 11976: 11975: 11974: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11956: 11950: 11949: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11935:Mass Effect 3 11932: 11930: 11929: 11925: 11922: 11918: 11916: 11915: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11904: 11902: 11901: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11890: 11888: 11887: 11883: 11881: 11880: 11876: 11874: 11873: 11869: 11867: 11866: 11862: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11847: 11843: 11841: 11840: 11839:Mortal Kombat 11836: 11834: 11833: 11829: 11827: 11826: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11817:Game-specific 11815: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11800: 11797: 11793: 11786: 11781: 11779: 11774: 11772: 11767: 11766: 11763: 11751: 11750: 11745: 11741: 11739: 11738: 11733: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11717: 11716: 11713: 11707: 11704: 11703: 11701: 11699: 11695: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11678:Miscellaneous 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11514: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11457: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11439: 11436: 11435: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11426: 11422: 11417: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11381:Script kiddie 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11326:Cyberstalking 11324: 11322: 11321:Cyberbullying 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11289: 11284: 11282: 11277: 11275: 11270: 11269: 11266: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11248:Victimisation 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11169: 11160: 11157: 11156: 11155: 11154:Elliot Rodger 11152: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11139: 11134: 11131: 11130: 11129: 11126: 11121: 11120:Virginia Tech 11118: 11117: 11116: 11115:Seung-Hui Cho 11113: 11108: 11105: 11104: 11103: 11100: 11095: 11092: 11091: 11090: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11080: 11076: 11069: 11066: 11063: 11060: 11057: 11056:Leelah Alcorn 11054: 11051: 11048: 11045: 11042: 11039: 11036: 11033: 11030: 11027: 11024: 11021: 11018: 11015: 11012: 11009: 11006: 11003: 11000: 10997: 10996:Phoebe Prince 10994: 10991: 10988: 10985: 10982: 10979: 10978:Ryan Halligan 10976: 10973: 10970: 10967: 10964: 10961: 10958: 10955: 10954:Kelly Yeomans 10952: 10949: 10946: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10889: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10868:SuEllen Fried 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10844: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10807:Heinz Leymann 10805: 10803: 10802:Shelley Hymel 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10773: 10770: 10766: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10744:GRIN Campaign 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10707:Organizations 10705: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10563:Embarrassment 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10504: 10498: 10495: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10465:Legal aspects 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10434: 10431: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10383:LGBT bullying 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10363:Cyberbullying 10361: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10338: 10333: 10331: 10326: 10324: 10319: 10318: 10315: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10297:Victimisation 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10049: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9961: 9956: 9954: 9949: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9938: 9931: 9930:Cyberbullying 9928: 9925: 9922: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9913: 9912:At a Distance 9908: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9895: 9892: 9889: 9888:Cyberbullying 9886: 9884: 9881: 9880: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9859:Cyberbullying 9855: 9842: 9838: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9785: 9781: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9726:(3): 89–112. 9725: 9721: 9720: 9714: 9711: 9707: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9621: 9606: 9602: 9595: 9588: 9583: 9577: 9572: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9552: 9535: 9531: 9524: 9516: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9487: 9482: 9476: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9454: 9438: 9432: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9406: 9402: 9401:The Telegraph 9397: 9390: 9382: 9378: 9371: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9348: 9340: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9282: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9231: 9227: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9158: 9150: 9149: 9141: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9063: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9028: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9011: 9004: 8989: 8985: 8979: 8964: 8960: 8954: 8952: 8944:(2): 531–562. 8943: 8939: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8918: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8875: 8871: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8788: 8781: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8701: 8697: 8690: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8655: 8648: 8643: 8628: 8624: 8617: 8601: 8597: 8591: 8575: 8571: 8565: 8558: 8553: 8546: 8541: 8526: 8525: 8520: 8513: 8498: 8494: 8488: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8464: 8456: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8418: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8384: 8376: 8357: 8350: 8349: 8344: 8337: 8335: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8305: 8297: 8295: 8286: 8280: 8276: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8241: 8237: 8230: 8229: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8178: 8170: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8135: 8133: 8113: 8109: 8102: 8101: 8093: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8043: 8041: 8033: 8030: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8008: 8001: 7995: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7972:(2): 189–95. 7971: 7967: 7960: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7916: 7907: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7879: 7870: 7862: 7856: 7849: 7844: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7783: 7774: 7766: 7759: 7757: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7705: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7672: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7645: 7634: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7588: 7586: 7578: 7574: 7571: 7565: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7537: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7501: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7440: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7385: 7381: 7378: 7377:Cyberbullying 7373: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7327: 7312: 7308: 7301: 7285: 7279: 7272: 7268: 7265: 7260: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7246:Fairfax Times 7242: 7235: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7095: 7091: 7088: 7083: 7076: 7072: 7069: 7064: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7013: 7009: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6965: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6927: 6919: 6915: 6909: 6902: 6901:Cyberstalking 6897: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6835: 6831: 6824: 6822: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6762: 6758: 6752: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6607: 6600: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6569: 6561: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6542: 6540: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6463: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6436: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6415: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6376: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6288: 6286: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6262:(6): 714–27. 6261: 6257: 6250: 6242: 6238: 6231: 6223: 6219: 6212: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6097: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6055: 6049: 6041: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6012: 6004: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5795: 5786: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5636: 5630: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5591: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5158:(18): 11809. 5157: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5086: 5085:UCLA Newsroom 5082: 5075: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5000: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4980: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4955: 4953: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4722: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4684: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4578:(19): 10429. 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4458: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4391:Troll (slang) 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4311:Cyberstalking 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4112:United States 4109: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029:International 4016: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3952:Kik Messenger 3949: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3898: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3818: 3810: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3780:This section 3778: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3682:UK parliament 3673: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3661:§ 875(c) 3658: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3628: 3622: 3616:United States 3611:Jurisdictions 3607: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3573: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3231: 3226: 3217: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3202:victimization 3199: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3144: 3142: 3128: 3122:United States 3119: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3047: 3045: 3035: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3008: 2998: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2967: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928:However, the 2926: 2922: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2857: 2848: 2839: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2806:Star Wars Kid 2803: 2800: 2798: 2797:Daisy Coleman 2787: 2784: 2776: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2750:This section 2748: 2744: 2739: 2738: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2672:is a form of 2671: 2665: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2553:Jack Thompson 2548: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2510:online gaming 2508:can occur in 2507: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2387:impersonation 2385:, or may use 2384: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2363:impersonation 2360: 2359:cyberstalking 2356: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2284:Impersonation 2281: 2278: 2267: 2265: 2260: 2259:livestreaming 2256: 2246: 2241: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2218: 2217:Cyberstalking 2211:Cyberstalking 2208: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2190: 2181: 2179: 2178:peer pressure 2174: 2172: 2168: 2167:Cyberstalking 2164: 2163:online gaming 2160: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2141:victimisation 2137: 2133: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065:Cyberbullying 2055: 2050: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1999:Social stigma 1997: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1764: 1763: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1633: 1632: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1606:State atheism 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1542:Jim Crow laws 1540: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1527:One-drop rule 1525: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Blood quantum 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1420: 1419: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1383:Victimisation 1381: 1379: 1378:Trans bashing 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1348:Religious war 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1328:Racialization 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1199:Glass ceiling 1197: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1142:Ethnic hatred 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1077:Counter-jihad 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1023: 1022: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 870: 867: 866: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 843: 842:United States 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 706: 705:United States 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 692: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 651: 645: 644: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 618:Protestantism 616: 614: 611: 607: 604: 603: 602: 599: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 569: 568: 565: 564: 563: 560: 556: 553: 551: 548: 547: 546: 543: 541: 538: 534: 531: 529: 528:LDS or Mormon 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 479: 474: 473: 463: 460: 458: 455: 451: 448: 446: 445:Transmisogyny 443: 441: 438: 437: 436: 433: 429: 426: 424: 421: 420: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 348:Gerontophobia 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 278:Anti-intersex 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 253:Anti-albinism 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 226: 225: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 105: 104: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 78:Institutional 76: 75: 66: 65: 61: 57: 56: 53: 50: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 14121: 14108: 14095: 14082: 13841:Sociobiology 13699:Neuroscience 13679:Intelligence 13225:Anthropology 13178:Color vision 13163:Multitasking 13142:Flynn effect 13137:Intelligence 13119:Folk biology 12862:Evolutionary 12750:Technostress 12743:Technophobia 12738:Technophilia 12645: 12514:Evolutionary 12492:Evolutionary 12482:Neuroscience 12307: 12300: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12222:Shutdown law 12081: 12070:banned games 12041: 12017:online games 11972: 11946: 11934: 11926: 11912: 11905: 11898: 11891: 11884: 11879:JFK Reloaded 11877: 11870: 11865:The Guy Game 11863: 11856: 11844: 11837: 11830: 11823: 11748: 11736: 11724: 11320: 11223:Scapegoating 11014:Jamie Hubley 10960:Hamed Nastoh 10873:Liam Hackett 10853:Andrea Adams 10827:Debra Pepler 10698:Verbal abuse 10628:Name calling 10598:Intimidation 10558:Discrediting 10518:Blacklisting 10490:Toxic leader 10362: 10252:Minimisation 10247:Manipulation 10227:Exaggeration 10163: 10159:Verbal abuse 10139:Sexual abuse 10119:Social abuse 10089:Intimidation 9918:Cyberhelp.eu 9911: 9858: 9840: 9833: 9809: 9805: 9794: 9783: 9776: 9752: 9748: 9723: 9717: 9709: 9702: 9681:(2): 51–71. 9678: 9672: 9651:. 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