953:
1137:
970:
1103:
262:
122:
1001:
863:
742:
6782:
924:
1120:
803:
635:
104:
625:
species have restricted distributions, with some restricted to very small areas. In Asia, for example, more than 75% of species occur in no more than one country. For some countries, even though the number of species may not be high, the level of species-specific genetic variation can be very high
832:
bases. Most species form distinct branched or unbranched trunks but in some species the main trunk can be subterranean with the leaf crown appearing to arise directly from the ground. There are two types of leaves - foliage leaves and scaly leaves. The foliage leaves are
668:. The presence of Cycas in Australasia and eastern Africa is relatively new, but the major evolutionary events behind the genesis of new species have taken place in Indochina and Australia, where the majority of living species are native.
5148:
Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021).
841:. They are not permanent and fall off leaving back leaf-bases. The leaflets are articulated, have midrib but lack secondary veins. The scaly leaves are persistent, brown in colour and protective in function.
541:
is the only genus of cycad found across the region, with the exception for
Australia, where cycads native to all three families of cycads are found. Despite this, Australia also has the largest number of
4797:
Siyue Xiao, Yunheng Ji, Jian Liu, Xun Gong. Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae). Plant
Diversity, 2020, № 1, p. 7-18. Elsevier BV. Available online via
374:
species are highly endangered. Many are threatened by the illegal trade of wild collected plants for plant collectors, and through the conversion of land for urban development or agricultural use.
456:
in Asia are found in
Vietnam (27 species), China (23 species), India (14 species), Thailand (12 species), Philippines (12 species) and Indonesia (10 species). The distribution of Cycas species in
5207:
4553:
The World List of Cycads (WLoC), a comprehensive taxonomic reference for cycad taxonomy, nomenclature, biology, and literature. The WLoC is produced under the auspices of the
370:, representing the surviving decedents of an ancient lineage of seed-bearing plants that were known to exist in the dinosaur era. Despite their ancient roots, the majority of
821:
on female plants, but rather a group of leaf-like structures called megasporophylls each with seeds on the lower margins, and pollen cones or strobilus on male individuals.
6823:
4283:
3977:
6493:
5377:
Singh, R.; Radha, P.; Khuraijam, J.S. (2015). "A new species, a new combination and a new subsection of Cycas from Odisha, northern
Eastern Ghats of India".
4116:
987:
Cycas take about 10 years to reach sexual maturity, after years of exclusive vegetative growth, which occurs by bulbils arising at the base of the trunk.
6481:
4959:
Spencer, Alan R. T.; Garwood, Russell J.; Rees, Andrew R.; Raine, Robert J.; Rothwell, Gar W.; Hollingworth, Neville T. J.; Hilton, Jason (2017-08-28).
6487:
4007:
3957:
3847:
1930:
6297:
5334:
4685:
Hill, K. D. (2004). Character evolution, species recognition and classification concepts in the
Cycadaceae In Walters T., & Osborne R. (Eds.),
4323:
4126:
2217:
8172:
6499:
4096:
3937:
6629:
5462:
8198:
6816:
471:
In Africa, cycads belonging to all three cycad families are found making it a major center of diversity for cycads in general, but only one
6309:
4961:"New insights into Mesozoic cycad evolution: an exploration of anatomically preserved Cycadaceae seeds from the Jurassic Oxford Clay biota"
4414:
838:
648:(and the Cycadaceae family) is considered as being an early offshoot from the rest of the cycads and originated in the ancient landmass of
5282:
5067:"Not that young: combining plastid phylogenomic, plate tectonic and fossil evidence indicates a Palaeogene diversification of Cycadaceae"
692:
6425:
8257:
4453:. The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. 1. Assisted by E. Götz (illustrations). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 370.
345:, Oceania, and eastern Africa and the Indian ocean region, with the largest number of species native to Australia, China and Vietnam.
4809:
Yokoyama, M. 1911. Some
Tertiary fossils from the Miike coal fields. Journal of the Colloqium of Science, Tokyo University, 27, 1–12.
8120:
6871:
6809:
671:
Fossil seeds from the Middle
Jurassic of England and British Columbia were suggested in a 2017 study to be more closely related to
4896:"Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity"
4818:
Liu, Y.S., Zhou, Z.Y. and Li, H.M. 1991. First discovery of Cycas fossil leaf in northeast China. Science
Bulletin, 22, 1758–1759.
8185:
8133:
5298:
4458:
8190:
5020:"Large Permineralized Seeds in the Jurassic of Haida Gwaii, Western Canada: Exploring the Mode and Tempo of Cycad Evolution"
468:
is not well known, but as of April 2024, no accepted cycad species is known to be endemic to any of these three countries.
8249:
5291:
5455:
5435:
1048:
910:
789:
1030:
892:
771:
5505:
383:
8203:
8159:
5500:
4646:
626:
meaning that so that even countries with few species, it may contain distinct gene pools of widespread species.
5317:
1026:
888:
767:
8275:
5411:
4561:. Calonje M, Stevenson DW, Osborne R. The World List of Cycads, online edition . 2013-2024. . Available from:
6850:
5584:
5574:
5557:
5448:
687:
with confidence due to lacking the double vascular system that characterises the seeds of all living cycads.
326:, a species endemic to India, was the first cycad species to be described in western literature, and is the
6876:
6866:
6801:
5367:
5151:"Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms"
8006:
4828:
Nagalingum, N. S.; Marshall, C. R.; Quental, T. B.; Rai, H. S.; Little, D. P.; Mathews, S. (2011-11-11).
8112:
8086:
4445:
8270:
4487:
4482:
696:
known from the
Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe has been suggested to be early representatives of the
214:
4798:
4474:
8213:
8138:
5236:
6861:
5440:
1011:
873:
752:
359:
which is commercially grown in large numbers for sale as houseplants or to be used in landscaping.
4894:
Coiro, Mario; Allio, Rémi; Mazet, Nathan; Seyfullah, Leyla J.; Condamine, Fabien L. (2023-06-11).
121:
8262:
8107:
5589:
4690:
4597:
1015:
877:
756:
8239:
5018:
Rothwell, Gar W.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia (2022-10-01).
4422:
8081:
7949:
1022:
884:
763:
660:
deposits (38–54 MYA) of China and Japan. Estimates of the timing of the split ranging from the
320:
with all other genera of cycad being divided between the
Stangeriaceae and Zamiaceae families.
8177:
5279:
415:(and therefore, the family Cycadaceae) represent the only cycads native to Asia. Within Asia,
8234:
5552:
5223:
4243:
3897:
2197:
1136:
6790:
952:
8226:
8042:
6785:
6531:
5162:
4841:
4186:
8:
5950:
5933:
5843:
5691:
5066:
4293:
4263:
4213:
4146:
3414:
2824:
2797:
1663:
959:
8073:
4928:
4895:
4845:
8296:
8094:
6856:
6226:
5977:
5960:
5802:
5686:
5681:
5569:
5547:
5535:
5510:
5415:
5321:
5188:
5099:
5047:
5019:
4995:
4960:
4941:
4873:
4047:
3987:
2966:
2851:
2770:
2581:
2311:
1527:
1379:
1246:
269:
116:
4829:
8221:
8099:
8019:
7632:
6692:
6593:
6581:
6404:
6118:
5938:
5869:
5859:
5789:
5579:
5542:
5530:
5520:
5431:
5255:
5192:
5180:
5150:
5104:
5086:
5051:
5039:
5000:
4982:
4945:
4933:
4915:
4877:
4865:
4857:
4668:
4454:
4373:
4363:
4303:
4087:
3328:
3281:
3166:
2905:
2716:
2446:
2419:
2392:
2143:
1890:
1737:
1419:
1188:
1141:
588:
5419:
5325:
5215:
8301:
7672:
6833:
6605:
6599:
6563:
6246:
6108:
5993:
5894:
5494:
5407:
5350:
5313:
5304:
Hill, K.D.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Osborne, Roy (2004). "The World List of Cycads".
5211:
5172:
5094:
5078:
5031:
4990:
4972:
4923:
4907:
4849:
4658:
4343:
4156:
4027:
3887:
3867:
3254:
3013:
2878:
2608:
2365:
2284:
2170:
1869:
1784:
1764:
1500:
1446:
929:
829:
565:
526:
322:
248:
8024:
7998:
4523:
969:
609:
is native to a large area of mainland Africa and islands of the Indian Ocean, and
550:
species accepted (as of April 2024), including the southernmost species globally (
8011:
7987:
7818:
7715:
7526:
7146:
7115:
6697:
6680:
6587:
6113:
6096:
5879:
5838:
5706:
5696:
5676:
5371:
5286:
4383:
4273:
4253:
4233:
4206:
4176:
4166:
4106:
4077:
3827:
3461:
3308:
3058:
2932:
2689:
2662:
2116:
2081:
1311:
1266:
1090:
976:
725:
617:
611:
605:
574:
552:
477:
8324:
7908:
7783:
7708:
6617:
6557:
6431:
6398:
6356:
6269:
6197:
6192:
6140:
5610:
5525:
5472:
5176:
5127:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
4774:
4750:
4726:
4702:
4621:
4353:
4313:
4223:
3947:
3837:
3441:
3220:
3193:
3112:
2993:
2743:
2338:
1957:
1473:
1358:
1070:
842:
445:
354:
146:
5167:
4663:
4595:
1102:
1064:
species are threatened worldwide and almost all the species are listed in the
261:
8318:
7972:
7901:
7859:
7836:
7811:
7760:
7742:
7652:
7463:
7403:
7389:
7338:
7304:
7030:
6707:
6551:
6514:
6471:
6384:
6360:
6177:
5899:
5874:
5756:
5701:
5090:
5043:
4986:
4919:
4861:
4672:
4333:
4196:
4136:
4057:
3997:
3967:
3917:
3877:
3857:
3807:
3139:
2004:
1547:
1084:
1065:
665:
530:
367:
232:
61:
5355:
4853:
482:
is native and it is restricted to eastern Africa and nearby island nations.
8288:
7776:
7726:
7692:
7641:
7623:
7562:
7477:
7442:
7435:
7410:
7361:
7295:
6831:
6768:
6623:
6611:
6351:
6182:
6172:
5972:
5924:
5797:
5184:
5122:
5108:
5004:
4937:
4869:
4067:
4037:
3927:
3907:
3382:
3085:
2635:
1984:
1636:
1149:
with new flush of fronds during the rainy season, still with glaucous bloom
818:
817:, and the family Cycadaceae is unique among the cycads in not forming seed
511:
327:
240:
5082:
5065:
Liu, Jian; Lindstrom, Anders J; Marler, Thomas E; Gong, Xun (2022-01-28).
728:, with East Asia likely representing the ancestral homeland of the genus.
8146:
8034:
7981:
7880:
7866:
7769:
7735:
7701:
7601:
7594:
7580:
7535:
7517:
7456:
7428:
7382:
7375:
7368:
7248:
7202:
7155:
7106:
7044:
7023:
6908:
6575:
6569:
6364:
6345:
6303:
6253:
6060:
6003:
5944:
5889:
5822:
5772:
5742:
5724:
5716:
4647:"Cryptic Scale Infestations on Cycas revoluta Facilitate Scale Invasions"
4017:
2466:
1706:
1125:
1107:
846:
534:
436:
36:
4689:(pp. 23–44). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.Available as a PDF online at:
8125:
7887:
7873:
7790:
7681:
7498:
7484:
7354:
7223:
7209:
7065:
7016:
6962:
6899:
6890:
6837:
6775:
6702:
6670:
6656:
6639:
6187:
5864:
5653:
5644:
4977:
4558:
3817:
1146:
1130:
1112:
701:
680:
593:
557:
503:
499:
487:
159:
81:
46:
8151:
5017:
4911:
4535:
119 accepted species, with 6 infraspecific taxa, as of April 21, 2024.
837:(or more rarely bipinnate) and arranged spirally, with thick and hard
679:
A later study suggested that these seeds could not be assigned to the
452:
As of April 2024, the largest number of currently accepted species of
8068:
8055:
7915:
7894:
7845:
7825:
7470:
7327:
7126:
7051:
6982:
6953:
6944:
6440:
6336:
6202:
6086:
5884:
5664:
5633:
5278:
Hill, K.D.(1998–2004) The Cycad Pages, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney.
814:
713:
583:
579:
569:
522:
440:
424:
86:
7943:
5470:
1000:
862:
741:
8283:
7966:
7804:
7749:
7661:
7546:
7449:
7313:
7179:
7097:
6712:
6145:
6128:
5564:
5035:
661:
649:
491:
465:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
8164:
8060:
1111:
megasporophylls with nearly-mature seeds on a wild plant in north
923:
675:
than other cycads and were assigned to the same family, Cycadaceae
7797:
7587:
7320:
7262:
7170:
7088:
7037:
6665:
6368:
6167:
5624:
834:
507:
457:
401:
334:
91:
66:
603:
species are considered to be relatively widespread, for example
486:
grows in a comparatively wide area including coastal regions of
7491:
7396:
7195:
7135:
6921:
5364:
4412:
943:
825:
721:
705:
657:
397:
8047:
6059:
1119:
802:
348:
In horticulture, the most widely grown and perhaps best-known
7852:
7608:
7276:
7269:
7255:
7230:
7216:
7058:
6998:
6651:
6064:
5762:
5476:
4596:
Donaldson, J.S.; Dehgan, B.; Vovides, A.P.; Tang, W. (2003).
4554:
4522:
Type Location(s): LT:t. 19, in Rheede, Hort. Malab, 3 (1682)
634:
495:
435:
in the north east and through south east Asia (including the
432:
428:
420:
313:
189:
179:
169:
133:
4827:
4562:
103:
6436:
6155:
5280:
http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/index.html
461:
393:
342:
5764:
5318:
10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0274:TWLOC]2.0.CO;2
4598:"Cycads in trade and sustainable use of cycad populations"
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
5412:
10.1663/0007-196x(2006)58[119:ansocf]2.0.co;2
5147:
4893:
568:, some of which are also found in parts of neighbouring
443:
in the south. Globally, the northernmost species (
4958:
4607:. IUCN The World Conservation Union Gland, Switzerland.
4538:
4443:
5478:
5064:
621:
are both native to large areas of Asia; however, most
5363:
Singh, R & JS Khuraijam (2013-) Cycads of India.
1078:
listed in Appendix I of CITES. All other members of
5303:
5376:
5294:
edited by the Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida
408:has the widest distribution of any genus of cycad.
6286:
5428:Cycad Classification: Concepts and Recommendations
5426:Terrence Walters & Roy Osborne (eds.) (2004),
5253:
4687:Cycad classification, concepts and recommendations
6235:
5959:
4830:"Recent Synchronous Radiation of a Living Fossil"
4605:Cycads Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
8316:
5788:
4557:. The online edition is hosted and sponsored by
6467:
5398:from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India".
4645:Marler, Thomas E.; Moore, Aubrey (2010-05-01).
6417:
6066:
4421:. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. Archived from
4413:Hill, Ken; Leonie Stanberg; Dennis Stevenson.
6817:
5608:
5456:
5332:
4889:
4887:
828:is cylindrical, surrounded by the persistent
4591:
4524:Cycas circinalis at The World List of Cycads
4408:
4406:
4404:
5333:Lindstrom, Anders J.; Hill, Ken D. (2007).
4644:
4616:
4614:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
1029:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
891:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
770:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
6824:
6810:
6781:
5463:
5449:
5389:
4884:
3852:Pant ex Agrawal, Akhtar & R.C.Srivast.
260:
102:
6898:
6335:
6084:
5354:
5166:
5098:
4994:
4976:
4927:
4662:
4401:
1049:Learn how and when to remove this message
911:Learn how and when to remove this message
790:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:As of April 2024, there are 119 accepted
6952:
4611:
4568:
4507:
4444:Kramer, K.U.; Green, P.S., eds. (1990).
1135:
1118:
1101:
922:
801:
633:
16:Genus of cycads in the family Cycadaceae
7178:
5254:de Laubenfels, D.J.; Adema, F. (1998).
5206:Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021).
5024:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1094:have the most widespread distribution.
8317:
990:
449:) is found at 31°N in southern Japan.
7948:
7947:
6805:
6058:
5444:
5379:Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
5205:
4555:IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group (CSG)
4437:
498:in mainland Africa, extending to the
8214:b4c057a0-bdfc-46c3-9b49-8be2d0754a02
5256:"A taxonomic revision of the genera
5208:"main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre"
1027:adding citations to reliable sources
994:
889:adding citations to reliable sources
856:
768:adding citations to reliable sources
735:
4467:
4171:(Haines) Rita Singh & Khuraijam
316:, and the only genus in the family
13:
14:
8336:
5247:
4512:. pp. Sp. Pl. 2 : 1188.
4151:Rita Singh, Radha & Khuraijam
1074:is the only species of the genus
366:species may be popularly called '
362:As with other cycads in general,
8276:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326847-2
6780:
999:
968:
951:
861:
740:
546:species globally with 34 native
529:, and the island nations of the
384:List of cycad species by country
120:
111:A large cycas under development
34:
5216:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1
5199:
5141:
5115:
5058:
5011:
4952:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4791:
4767:
4743:
4719:
4695:
4679:
4638:
4388:(Schuster) Lindström & Hill
852:
6791:Current definitions of Plantae
5390:Singh, R.; Radha, P. (2006). "
4529:
4516:
4501:
4318:Miquel ex Lindström & Hill
1082:are listed under Appendix II.
1:
4447:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms
4394:
731:
556:) found at 26°S in southeast
341:, all of which are native to
5365:http://www.cycadsofindia.in/
4510:Palmae Pennatifoliae. Cycas
1097:
629:
533:region, but are absent from
7:
4559:Montgomery Botanical Center
4121:Agoo, Madulid & Callado
4012:Agoo, Madulid & Callado
1316:Brown ex Gaudichaud-Beaupré
845:are not gathered in cones.
10:
8341:
5292:Virtual Cycad Encyclopedia
5177:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4
5123:"Appendices I, II and III"
4488:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
4483:Plants of the World Online
3982:Khuraijam & Rita Singh
381:
7956:
7835:
7759:
7725:
7691:
7671:
7651:
7631:
7622:
7572:
7554:
7545:
7525:
7516:
7420:
7346:
7337:
7303:
7294:
7240:
7187:
7169:
7145:
7125:
7105:
7096:
7087:
7008:
6990:
6981:
6961:
6943:
6916:
6907:
6889:
6885:
6845:
6763:
6679:
6638:
6527:
6512:
6463:
6454:
6413:
6393:
6382:
6331:
6322:
6282:
6267:
6263:
6223:
6219:
6154:
6127:
6095:
6080:
6076:
6054:
6002:
5986:
5968:
5922:
5918:
5852:
5831:
5819:
5815:
5784:
5755:
5733:
5715:
5663:
5643:
5623:
5619:
5604:
5488:
5297:David, J. de Laubenfels,
5168:10.1101/2021.03.13.435279
4664:10.21273/HORTSCI.45.5.837
3458:
3438:
3431:
3411:
3404:
3379:
3372:
3325:
3305:
3298:
3278:
3271:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3217:
3210:
3190:
3183:
3163:
3156:
3136:
3129:
3109:
3102:
3082:
3075:
3055:
3048:
3010:
2990:
2983:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2929:
2922:
2902:
2895:
2875:
2868:
2848:
2841:
2821:
2814:
2794:
2787:
2767:
2760:
2740:
2733:
2713:
2706:
2686:
2679:
2659:
2652:
2632:
2625:
2605:
2598:
2578:
2571:
2463:
2443:
2436:
2416:
2409:
2389:
2382:
2362:
2355:
2335:
2328:
2308:
2301:
2281:
2274:
2214:
2194:
2187:
2167:
2160:
2140:
2133:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2001:
1981:
1974:
1954:
1947:
1927:
1920:
1887:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1781:
1761:
1754:
1734:
1727:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1660:
1653:
1633:
1626:
1544:
1524:
1517:
1497:
1490:
1470:
1463:
1443:
1436:
1416:
1409:
1376:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1328:
1308:
1301:
1263:
1243:
1236:
1224:
1217:
1185:
1177:
1170:
1155:
572:. In the broader region,
275:
268:
259:
246:
239:
117:Scientific classification
115:
110:
101:
23:
4563:http://www.cycadlist.org
419:species are native from
377:
5356:10.7751/telopea20075745
5264:Gen. Nov. (Cycadaceae)"
4854:10.1126/science.1209926
4508:Linnaeus, Carl (1753).
3972:P.I.Forst. & B.Gray
3171:Yang & Yang ex Wang
2397:Yang, Hill & Nguyên
704:analysis. The earliest
656:fossils known from the
5339:(Cycadaceae) in India"
5231:Cite journal requires
4691:cabidigitallibrary.org
4284:Cycas seshachalamensis
4072:(Miquel) de Laubenfels
4022:Hill, Nguyên & Lôc
3922:Hill, Nguyên & Lôc
2802:Hill, Nguyên & Lôc
1935:Srivastava & Singh
1532:Hill, Nguyên & Lôc
1150:
1133:
1116:
933:
810:
716:of East Asia, such as
690:The leaf fossil genus
642:
521:species are native to
392:is native to parts of
8235:Paleobiology Database
4368:Cheng, Fu & Cheng
4244:Cycas sancti-lasallei
3942:Srivastava & Jana
3898:Cycas changjiangensis
3892:Jutta, Chew & Saw
3419:Rita Singh &Radha
1139:
1122:
1105:
926:
805:
637:
564:species are found in
427:in the west, through
6786:List of plant orders
6666:Pinopsida (conifers)
6652:Cycadopsida (cycads)
6644:(living gymnosperms)
6141:Leiosporocerotopsida
5860:Nephroselmidophyceae
5306:The Botanical Review
4258:Hill & Lindström
4187:Cycas panzhihuaensis
4141:Lindström & Hill
4082:Lindström & Hill
3992:Lindström & Hill
3978:Cycas divyadarshanii
3812:Hill & Lindström
3387:Lindström & Hill
2640:Lindström & Hill
2148:Lindström & Hill
1989:Hill & Lindström
1023:improve this section
885:improve this section
849:takes place by air.
764:improve this section
6494:Archaeopteridopsida
6227:Polysporangiophytes
5951:Klebsormidiophyceae
5934:Mesostigmatophyceae
5880:Chlorodendrophyceae
5844:Pyramimonadophyceae
5798:Prasinodermophyceae
5692:Compsopogonophyceae
5430:, CABI publishing,
5394:, A new species of
5392:Cycas annaikalensis
5083:10.1093/aob/mcab118
4846:2011Sci...334..796N
4775:"Cycas micronesica"
4294:Cycas sexseminifera
4264:Cycas scratchleyana
4214:Cycas pranburiensis
4147:Cycas nayagarhensis
4101:Nguyên & Nguyên
2910:Chirgwin & Hill
991:Conservation status
960:Cycas nayagarhensis
712:are known from the
6832:Classification of
6685:(flowering plants)
6606:Lyginopteridopsida
6399:Eophyllophytopsida
6352:Zosterophyllopsida
6290:Paratracheophytes*
6068:sensu strictissimo
5978:Coleochaetophyceae
5961:Phragmoplastophyta
5803:Palmophyllophyceae
5725:Glaucocystophyceae
5687:Stylonematophyceae
5682:Porphyridiophyceae
5471:Classification of
5370:2021-01-18 at the
5285:2021-03-29 at the
4978:10.7717/peerj.3723
4378:Madulid & Agoo
4248:Agoo & Madulid
4117:Cycas mindanaensis
4048:Cycas hoabinhensis
3988:Cycas elephantipes
2198:C. bougainvilleana
1151:
1134:
1117:
934:
811:
643:
560:. At least 7
8312:
8311:
8222:Open Tree of Life
7950:Taxon identifiers
7941:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7633:Cunninghamioideae
7618:
7617:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7165:
7164:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7074:
6939:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6799:
6798:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6693:Basal angiosperms
6594:Gigantopteridales
6543:seed plant groups
6541:and other extinct
6508:
6507:
6482:Noeggerathiopsida
6450:
6449:
6405:Trimerophytopsida
6378:
6377:
6318:
6317:
6274:(vascular plants)
6239:Protracheophytes*
6215:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6178:Andreaeobryopsida
6119:Jungermanniopsida
6050:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
5939:Chlorokybophyceae
5914:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5870:Chloropicophyceae
5811:
5810:
5790:Prasinodermophyta
5751:
5750:
4912:10.1111/nph.19010
4840:(6057): 796–799.
4751:"Cycas seemannii"
4727:"Cycas megacarpa"
4703:"Cycas thouarsii"
4460:978-3-540-51794-8
4415:"The Cycad Pages"
4389:
4379:
4374:Cycas zambalensis
4369:
4364:Cycas yunnanensis
4359:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4304:Cycas shanyaensis
4299:
4289:
4279:
4269:
4259:
4249:
4239:
4229:
4219:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4092:
4088:Cycas lane-poolei
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4033:
4023:
4013:
4003:
3993:
3983:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3748:
3740:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3683:
3682:
3674:
3673:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3447:
3420:
3388:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3314:
3287:
3260:
3226:
3199:
3172:
3145:
3118:
3091:
3064:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3027:
3019:
2999:
2998:Hill & Nguyên
2972:
2938:
2911:
2884:
2857:
2830:
2803:
2776:
2749:
2722:
2695:
2668:
2641:
2614:
2587:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2452:
2425:
2398:
2371:
2344:
2317:
2290:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2203:
2176:
2149:
2122:
2087:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2010:
1990:
1963:
1936:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1875:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1770:
1743:
1712:
1669:
1642:
1610:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1533:
1506:
1479:
1452:
1425:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1364:
1317:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:Buchanan-Hamilton
1252:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1142:Cycas platyphylla
1059:
1058:
1051:
921:
920:
913:
800:
799:
792:
718:Cycas fushunensis
589:Cycas micronesica
337:within the genus
305:
304:
299:
291:
283:
235:
217:
8332:
8305:
8304:
8292:
8291:
8279:
8278:
8266:
8265:
8253:
8252:
8243:
8242:
8230:
8229:
8217:
8216:
8207:
8206:
8194:
8193:
8181:
8180:
8168:
8167:
8155:
8154:
8142:
8141:
8129:
8128:
8116:
8115:
8103:
8102:
8090:
8089:
8077:
8076:
8064:
8063:
8051:
8050:
8038:
8037:
8028:
8027:
8015:
8014:
8002:
8001:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7945:
7944:
7673:Athrotaxidoideae
7629:
7628:
7552:
7551:
7523:
7522:
7347:Phyllocladoideae
7344:
7343:
7301:
7300:
7185:
7184:
7176:
7175:
7103:
7102:
7094:
7093:
6988:
6987:
6959:
6958:
6950:
6949:
6914:
6913:
6905:
6904:
6896:
6895:
6887:
6886:
6872:Acrogymnospermae
6834:Acrogymnospermae
6826:
6819:
6812:
6803:
6802:
6784:
6783:
6698:Core angiosperms
6686:
6645:
6640:Acrogymnospermae
6618:Peltaspermopsida
6600:Glossopteridales
6582:Corystospermales
6564:Callistophytales
6544:
6536:
6530:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6488:Aneurophytopsida
6470:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6415:
6414:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6346:Barinophytopsida
6333:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6265:
6264:
6247:Horneophytopsida
6238:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6221:
6220:
6161:
6146:Anthocerotopsida
6134:
6129:Anthocerotophyta
6109:Haplomitriopsida
6102:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6070:
6056:
6055:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5994:Zygnematophyceae
5984:
5983:
5966:
5965:
5957:
5956:
5927:
5920:
5919:
5895:Trebouxiophyceae
5865:Picocystophyceae
5829:
5828:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5768:
5670:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5606:
5605:
5517:
5497:
5482:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5442:
5441:
5423:
5386:
5360:
5358:
5329:
5275:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5219:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5170:
5161:(8): 1015–1025.
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5071:Annals of Botany
5062:
5056:
5055:
5015:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4980:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4931:
4906:(4): 1616–1635.
4891:
4882:
4881:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4699:
4693:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4622:"Cycas revoluta"
4618:
4609:
4608:
4602:
4593:
4566:
4551:
4536:
4533:
4527:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4410:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4344:Cycas xipholepis
4337:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4200:
4190:
4180:
4170:
4160:
4157:Cycas nathorstii
4150:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4100:
4091:
4081:
4071:
4061:
4052:Lôc & Nguyên
4051:
4041:
4031:
4028:Cycas furfuracea
4021:
4011:
4008:Cycas flabellata
4001:
3991:
3981:
3971:
3961:
3958:Cycas dharmrajii
3951:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3911:
3901:
3891:
3888:Cycas cantafolia
3881:
3871:
3868:Cycas campestris
3861:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3465:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3418:
3415:C. annaikalensis
3407:
3406:
3386:
3375:
3374:
3332:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3285:
3274:
3273:
3258:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3224:
3213:
3212:
3197:
3186:
3185:
3170:
3159:
3158:
3143:
3132:
3131:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3089:
3078:
3077:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3017:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2970:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2936:
2925:
2924:
2909:
2898:
2897:
2882:
2871:
2870:
2855:
2844:
2843:
2829:(Smitinand) Hill
2828:
2825:C. simplicipinna
2817:
2816:
2801:
2798:C. dolichophylla
2790:
2789:
2774:
2763:
2762:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2720:
2709:
2708:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2639:
2628:
2627:
2612:
2601:
2600:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2470:
2450:
2439:
2438:
2423:
2412:
2411:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2342:
2331:
2330:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2221:
2201:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2147:
2136:
2135:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2085:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2008:
1988:
1977:
1976:
1961:
1950:
1949:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1894:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1788:
1768:
1757:
1756:
1741:
1730:
1729:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1667:
1664:C. szechuanensis
1656:
1655:
1640:
1629:
1628:
1551:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1505:Zhong & Chen
1504:
1493:
1492:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1423:
1412:
1411:
1383:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1330:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1270:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1192:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1153:
1152:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1003:
995:
972:
955:
930:Cycas circinalis
916:
909:
905:
902:
896:
865:
857:
795:
788:
784:
781:
775:
744:
736:
592:is found across
566:Papua New Guinea
527:Papua New Guinea
323:Cycas circinalis
297:
289:
281:
264:
231:
213:
125:
124:
106:
96:
33:
32:Paleogene–Recent
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
8340:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8330:
8329:
8315:
8314:
8313:
8308:
8300:
8295:
8287:
8282:
8274:
8269:
8261:
8256:
8248:
8246:
8238:
8233:
8225:
8220:
8212:
8210:
8202:
8197:
8189:
8184:
8176:
8171:
8163:
8158:
8150:
8145:
8137:
8132:
8124:
8119:
8111:
8106:
8098:
8093:
8085:
8080:
8072:
8067:
8059:
8054:
8046:
8041:
8033:
8031:
8023:
8018:
8010:
8005:
7997:
7995:
7986:
7985:
7980:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7952:
7942:
7921:
7831:
7819:Neocallitropsis
7755:
7721:
7687:
7667:
7647:
7614:
7568:
7541:
7527:Sciadopityaceae
7504:
7416:
7333:
7282:
7236:
7161:
7147:Welwitschiaceae
7141:
7121:
7071:
7004:
6977:
6927:
6881:
6862:Marchantiophyta
6841:
6830:
6800:
6795:
6719:
6684:
6683:
6675:
6643:
6642:
6634:
6588:Czekanowskiales
6542:
6540:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6528:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6504:
6468:
6455:
6446:
6418:Moniliformopses
6409:
6383:
6374:
6324:Eutracheophytes
6323:
6314:
6287:
6273:
6272:
6268:
6259:
6236:
6224:
6207:
6198:Polytrichopsida
6193:Tetraphidopsida
6159:
6158:
6150:
6132:
6131:
6123:
6114:Marchantiopsida
6100:
6099:
6097:Marchantiophyta
6085:
6072:
6018:
6007:
6006:
5998:
5982:
5955:
5923:
5906:
5848:
5839:Mamiellophyceae
5820:
5807:
5776:
5770:
5760:
5759:
5747:
5729:
5711:
5707:Florideophyceae
5697:Rhodellophyceae
5677:Cyanidiophyceae
5668:
5667:
5659:
5639:
5609:
5600:
5599:
5515:
5493:
5484:
5469:
5372:Wayback Machine
5287:Wayback Machine
5250:
5245:
5244:
5232:
5230:
5221:
5220:
5204:
5200:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5063:
5059:
5016:
5012:
4957:
4953:
4900:New Phytologist
4892:
4885:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4735:
4733:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4711:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4684:
4680:
4643:
4639:
4630:
4628:
4620:
4619:
4612:
4600:
4594:
4569:
4552:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4526:(cycadlist.org)
4521:
4517:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4411:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4384:Cycas zeylanica
4274:Cycas seemannii
4254:Cycas saxatilis
4234:Cycas sainathii
4207:Cycas pectinata
4191:Zhou & Yang
4177:Cycas pachypoda
4167:Cycas orixensis
4107:Cycas litoralis
4078:Cycas lacrimans
3912:Gong & Zhou
3848:Cycas bglswamyi
3828:Cycas arnhemica
3801:Other species:
3795:
3786:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3714:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3038:
3029:
2967:C. schumanniana
2852:C. guizhouensis
2775:Wang & Deng
2771:C. segmentifida
2582:C. diannanensis
2557:
2548:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2424:Hill & Yang
2370:Hill & Yang
2312:C. nongnoochiae
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2050:
2038:
2029:
2020:
1906:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1800:
1611:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1528:C. brachycantha
1478:(Schuster) Hill
1395:
1380:C. taitungensis
1291:
1282:
1251:Chen & Yang
1247:C. multipinnata
1207:
1100:
1091:Cycas pectinata
1055:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1020:
1004:
993:
985:
984:
983:
982:
981:
977:Cycas orixensis
973:
965:
964:
956:
947:
946:
927:A male cone of
917:
906:
900:
897:
882:
866:
855:
843:Megasporophylls
813:The plants are
796:
785:
779:
776:
761:
745:
734:
726:Northeast China
632:
618:Cycas clivicola
612:Cycas pectinata
606:Cycas thouarsii
599:Globally, some
575:Cycas seemannii
553:Cycas megacarpa
510:islands in the
478:Cycas thouarsii
386:
380:
368:living fossils'
255:
252:
230:
212:
119:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8338:
8328:
8327:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8306:
8302:wfo-4000010229
8293:
8280:
8267:
8254:
8244:
8231:
8218:
8208:
8195:
8182:
8169:
8156:
8143:
8130:
8117:
8104:
8091:
8078:
8065:
8052:
8039:
8032:Conifers.org:
8029:
8016:
8003:
7993:
7978:
7962:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7912:
7909:Hesperocyparis
7905:
7898:
7891:
7884:
7877:
7870:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7841:
7839:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7794:
7787:
7784:Pilgerodendron
7780:
7773:
7765:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7731:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7712:
7709:Sequoiadendron
7705:
7697:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7677:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7657:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7637:
7635:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7605:
7598:
7591:
7584:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7566:
7558:
7556:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7531:
7529:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7424:
7422:
7421:Podocarpoideae
7418:
7417:
7415:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7372:
7365:
7358:
7350:
7348:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7324:
7317:
7309:
7307:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7273:
7266:
7259:
7252:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7227:
7220:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7191:
7189:
7182:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7151:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7131:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7111:
7109:
7100:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6994:
6992:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6967:
6965:
6956:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6917:
6911:
6902:
6893:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6867:Polypodiophyta
6864:
6859:
6854:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6829:
6828:
6821:
6814:
6806:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6778:
6772:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6695:
6689:
6687:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6654:
6648:
6646:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6626:
6624:Pentoxylopsida
6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6558:Calamopityales
6554:
6547:
6545:
6522:
6515:Spermatophytes
6510:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6477:
6475:
6472:Progymnosperms
6458:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6437:Polypodiopsida
6434:
6432:Cladoxylopsida
6428:
6421:
6419:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6401:
6394:
6388:
6385:Euphyllophytes
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6357:Lycopodiopsida
6354:
6348:
6341:
6339:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6298:Cooksoniopsida
6293:
6291:
6277:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6249:
6242:
6240:
6230:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6188:Oedipodiopsida
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6164:
6162:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6137:
6135:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6090:
6074:
6073:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
5997:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5930:
5928:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5832:Prasinophytina
5826:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5779:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5735:incertae sedis
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5671:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5649:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5629:
5627:
5614:
5611:Archaeplastida
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:Mesomycetozoea
5587:
5582:
5572:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5526:Diaphoretickes
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5473:Archaeplastida
5468:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5424:
5406:(2): 119–123.
5387:
5374:
5361:
5349:(4): 463–488.
5330:
5312:(2): 274–298.
5301:
5299:Cycas Taxonomy
5295:
5289:
5276:
5249:
5248:External links
5246:
5243:
5242:
5233:|journal=
5198:
5140:
5114:
5077:(2): 217–230.
5057:
5036:10.1086/721710
5030:(8): 674–690.
5010:
4951:
4883:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4790:
4766:
4742:
4718:
4694:
4678:
4657:(5): 837–839.
4637:
4610:
4567:
4537:
4528:
4515:
4500:
4466:
4459:
4436:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4354:Cycas yorkiana
4350:
4340:
4330:
4324:Cycas terryana
4320:
4314:Cycas sundaica
4310:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4230:
4224:Cycas pruinosa
4220:
4210:
4203:
4193:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4143:
4133:
4127:Cycas miquelii
4123:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3994:
3984:
3974:
3964:
3954:
3948:Cycas desolata
3944:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3838:Cycas badensis
3834:
3824:
3814:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3329:C. platyphylla
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3282:C. ophiolitica
3277:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3167:C. hongheensis
3162:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2906:C. maconochiei
2901:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2717:C. armstrongii
2712:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2586:Guan & Tao
2577:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2447:C. chamaoensis
2442:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2420:C. condaoensis
2415:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2393:C. lindstromii
2388:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:(Leandri) Wang
2334:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:Porte ex Regel
2166:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2144:C. vespertilio
2139:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1891:C. micronesica
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1738:C. hainanensis
1733:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:Cheng & Fu
1659:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1605:Panzhihuaenses
1601:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:Hill & Lôc
1420:C. tropophylla
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1336:Panzhihuaenses
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1189:C. micholitzii
1184:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1099:
1096:
1071:Cycas beddomei
1057:
1056:
1007:
1005:
998:
992:
989:
974:
967:
966:
957:
950:
949:
948:
938:
937:
936:
935:
919:
918:
869:
867:
860:
854:
851:
798:
797:
748:
746:
739:
733:
730:
708:assignable to
631:
628:
537:. As in Asia,
446:Cycas revoluta
379:
376:
355:Cycas revoluta
330:of the genus.
312:is a genus of
303:
302:
301:
300:
292:
284:
273:
272:
266:
265:
257:
256:
253:
244:
243:
237:
236:
223:
219:
218:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
150:
149:
144:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8337:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8303:
8298:
8294:
8290:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8245:
8241:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8209:
8205:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8187:
8183:
8179:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8135:
8131:
8127:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8030:
8026:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7994:
7989:
7983:
7979:
7974:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7946:
7918:
7917:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7902:Xanthocyparis
7899:
7897:
7896:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7860:Chamaecyparis
7857:
7855:
7854:
7850:
7848:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7837:Cupressoideae
7834:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7812:Widdringtonia
7809:
7807:
7806:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7795:
7793:
7792:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7762:
7761:Callitroideae
7758:
7752:
7751:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7743:Glyptostrobus
7740:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7670:
7664:
7663:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7653:Taiwanioideae
7650:
7644:
7643:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7621:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7597:
7596:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7565:
7564:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7555:Cephalotaxeae
7553:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7528:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7464:Falcatifolium
7461:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7452:
7451:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7404:Lepidothamnus
7401:
7399:
7398:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7390:Lagarostrobos
7387:
7385:
7384:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7339:Podocarpaceae
7336:
7330:
7329:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7305:Araucariaceae
7302:
7299:
7297:
7293:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7158:
7157:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7031:Encephalartos
7028:
7026:
7025:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6839:
6835:
6827:
6822:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6641:
6637:
6631:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6553:
6552:Bennettitales
6549:
6548:
6546:
6533:
6532:Pteridosperms
6526:
6523:
6519:(seed plants)
6516:
6511:
6501:
6500:Protopityales
6497:
6495:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6453:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6381:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6321:
6311:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6271:
6270:Tracheophytes
6266:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6222:
6218:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6183:Andreaeopsida
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6069:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6008:(land plants)
6005:
6001:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5901:
5900:Chlorophyceae
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5875:Pedinophyceae
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:Chlorophytina
5851:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5818:
5814:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5774:
5769:
5767:
5758:
5757:Viridiplantae
5754:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5702:Bangiophyceae
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5553:Stramenopiles
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5516:(major groups
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5481:
5474:
5466:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5437:
5436:0-85199-741-4
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5338:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5251:
5238:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5202:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5155:Nature Plants
5152:
5144:
5129:. 21 May 2023
5128:
5124:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5014:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4888:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4800:
4799:ScienceDirect
4794:
4780:
4779:cycadlist.org
4776:
4770:
4756:
4755:cycadlist.org
4752:
4746:
4732:
4731:cycadlist.org
4728:
4722:
4708:
4707:cycadlist.org
4704:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4627:
4626:cycadlist.org
4623:
4617:
4615:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4532:
4525:
4519:
4511:
4504:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4456:
4449:
4448:
4440:
4425:on 2021-03-01
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4400:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:Cycas tuckeri
4331:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4197:Cycas papuana
4194:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:Cycas montana
4134:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:Cycas laotica
4094:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:Cycas inermis
4055:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3998:Cycas falcata
3995:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:Cycas distans
3965:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:Cycas darshii
3935:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:Cycas collina
3915:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:Cycas candida
3875:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:Cycas brunnea
3855:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:Cycas aenigma
3805:
3804:
3802:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3634:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:C. couttsiana
3249:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3014:C. silvestris
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2879:C. chevalieri
2873:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:Lan & Zou
2854:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2609:C. cairnsiana
2603:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2542:Lindstroemiae
2540:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2366:C. tansachana
2360:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2285:C. macrocarpa
2279:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2171:C. riuminiana
2165:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1962:de Laubenfels
1960:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:C. circinalis
1864:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1815:Taiwanianosae
1813:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1785:C. fairylakea
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1765:C. taiwaniana
1759:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1501:C. debaoensis
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:C. ferruginea
1441:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:Asiorientales
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:Stangerioides
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:Phylogeny of
1154:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:Cycas rumphii
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:IUCN Red List
1063:
1053:
1050:
1042:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1008:This section
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
988:
979:
978:
971:
962:
961:
954:
945:
941:
932:
931:
925:
915:
912:
904:
894:
890:
886:
880:
879:
875:
870:This section
868:
864:
859:
858:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
809:
808:Cycas rumphii
804:
794:
791:
783:
773:
769:
765:
759:
758:
754:
749:This section
747:
743:
738:
737:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
666:Carboniferous
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
640:
636:
627:
624:
620:
619:
614:
613:
608:
607:
602:
597:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
577:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
545:
540:
536:
532:
531:Pacific Ocean
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
479:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
385:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
356:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
310:
296:
293:
288:
285:
280:
277:
276:
274:
271:
267:
263:
258:
251:
250:
249:C. circinalis
245:
242:
238:
234:
229:
228:
224:
221:
220:
216:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:Tracheophytes
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
7957:
7914:
7907:
7900:
7893:
7886:
7879:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7844:
7824:
7817:
7810:
7803:
7796:
7789:
7782:
7777:Austrocedrus
7775:
7768:
7748:
7741:
7734:
7727:Taxodioideae
7714:
7707:
7700:
7693:Sequoioideae
7680:
7660:
7642:Cunninghamia
7640:
7624:Cupressaceae
7607:
7600:
7593:
7586:
7579:
7563:Cephalotaxus
7561:
7534:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7478:Retrophyllum
7476:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7448:
7443:Pherosphaera
7441:
7436:Microcachrys
7434:
7427:
7411:Phyllocladus
7409:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7374:
7367:
7362:Pectinopitys
7360:
7353:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7296:Araucariales
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7229:
7222:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7154:
7134:
7114:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7015:
6997:
6971:
6970:
6920:
6877:Angiospermae
6769:paraphyletic
6681:Angiospermae
6658:
6657:Ginkgoales (
6630:Petriellales
6612:Medullosales
6539:(seed ferns)
6252:
6173:Sphagnopsida
6168:Takakiopsida
6101:(liverworts)
6067:
6061:Embryophytes
6015:(see below↓)
5973:Charophyceae
5943:
5925:Streptophyta
5777:land plants)
5765:
5734:
5652:
5645:Rhodelphidia
5632:
5575:Opisthokonta
5479:
5427:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5382:
5378:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5309:
5305:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5257:
5224:cite journal
5210:. Figshare.
5201:
5158:
5154:
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5126:
5117:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5027:
5023:
5013:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4903:
4899:
4837:
4833:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4793:
4782:. Retrieved
4778:
4769:
4758:. Retrieved
4754:
4745:
4734:. Retrieved
4730:
4721:
4710:. Retrieved
4706:
4697:
4686:
4681:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4629:. Retrieved
4625:
4604:
4531:
4518:
4509:
4503:
4491:. Retrieved
4481:
4476:
4469:
4446:
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4423:the original
4418:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4312:
4302:
4292:
4282:
4272:
4262:
4252:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4205:
4195:
4185:
4175:
4165:
4155:
4145:
4135:
4125:
4115:
4105:
4095:
4086:
4076:
4068:Cycas javana
4066:
4056:
4046:
4038:Cycas glauca
4036:
4026:
4016:
4006:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3928:Cycas cupida
3926:
3916:
3908:Cycas chenii
3906:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3806:
3800:
3707:
3462:C. sphaerica
3460:
3459:
3440:
3439:
3413:
3412:
3391:Cycas swamyi
3390:
3381:
3380:
3327:
3326:
3309:C. tanqingii
3307:
3306:
3280:
3279:
3253:
3252:
3219:
3218:
3192:
3191:
3165:
3164:
3138:
3137:
3111:
3110:
3084:
3083:
3059:C. basaltica
3057:
3056:
3012:
3011:
2992:
2991:
2965:
2964:
2933:C. arenicola
2931:
2930:
2904:
2903:
2877:
2876:
2850:
2849:
2823:
2822:
2796:
2795:
2769:
2768:
2742:
2741:
2715:
2714:
2690:C. calcicola
2688:
2687:
2663:C. megacarpa
2661:
2660:
2634:
2633:
2607:
2606:
2580:
2579:
2563:Indosinenses
2562:
2541:
2465:
2464:
2445:
2444:
2418:
2417:
2391:
2390:
2364:
2363:
2337:
2336:
2310:
2309:
2283:
2282:
2266:Indosinenses
2265:
2216:
2215:
2196:
2195:
2169:
2168:
2142:
2141:
2117:C. siamensis
2115:
2114:
2082:C. clivicola
2080:
2079:
2055:
2043:
2003:
2002:
1983:
1982:
1956:
1955:
1931:C. pschannae
1929:
1928:
1911:
1889:
1888:
1868:
1867:
1826:
1814:
1783:
1782:
1763:
1762:
1736:
1735:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1662:
1661:
1635:
1634:
1621:
1604:
1546:
1545:
1526:
1525:
1499:
1498:
1472:
1471:
1445:
1444:
1418:
1417:
1400:
1378:
1377:
1365:(Sago palm)
1357:
1356:
1335:
1312:C. thouarsii
1310:
1309:
1267:C. pectinata
1265:
1264:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1157:
1140:
1124:
1106:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1036:
1021:Please help
1009:
986:
975:
958:
939:
928:
907:
898:
883:Please help
871:
853:Reproduction
823:
812:
807:
786:
777:
762:Please help
750:
717:
709:
697:
691:
689:
684:
676:
672:
670:
653:
645:
644:
638:
622:
616:
610:
604:
600:
598:
587:
582:and western
578:is found in
573:
561:
551:
547:
543:
538:
518:
517:In Oceania,
516:
512:Indian Ocean
484:C. thouarsii
483:
476:
472:
470:
453:
451:
444:
416:
412:
410:
405:
389:
387:
371:
363:
361:
353:
349:
347:
338:
332:
328:type species
321:
317:
308:
307:
306:
294:
286:
278:
247:
241:Type species
226:
225:
209:
199:
160:Gymnospermae
153:
140:
24:
18:
8250:genus-cycas
8147:iNaturalist
7982:Wikispecies
7881:Platycladus
7867:Tetraclinis
7770:Papuacedrus
7736:Cryptomeria
7702:Metasequoia
7602:Pseudotaxus
7595:Austrotaxus
7581:Amentotaxus
7536:Sciadopitys
7518:Cupressales
7457:Dacrycarpus
7429:Saxegothaea
7383:Parasitaxus
7376:Prumnopitys
7369:Sundacarpus
7249:Pseudotsuga
7203:Pseudolarix
7188:Abietoideae
7156:Welwitschia
7107:Ephedraceae
7045:Ceratozamia
7024:Lepidozamia
6909:Ginkgoaceae
6849:Supergroup
6838:Gymnosperms
6576:Cordaitales
6570:Caytoniales
6456:Lignophytes
6439:(ferns and
6365:spikemosses
6304:Rhyniopsida
6254:Aglaophyton
6133:(hornworts)
6004:Embryophyta
5987:Anydrophyta
5945:Spirotaenia
5890:Ulvophyceae
5823:Chlorophyta
5773:green algae
5743:Algospongia
5717:Glaucophyta
5669:(red algae)
5335:"The genus
4651:HortScience
4429:6 September
4419:Genus Cycas
4268:von Mueller
4218:Yang et al.
4201:von Mueller
4018:Cycas fugax
3442:C. beddomei
3221:C. angulata
3194:C. conferta
3113:C. orientis
2994:C. aculeata
2744:C. balansae
2613:von Mueller
2339:C. elongata
2272:subsection
2218:C. celebica
2104:subsection
1958:C. edentata
1918:subsection
1857:subsection
1725:subsection
1701:subsection
1641:(Dyer) Hill
1474:C. curranii
1384:Shen et al.
1359:C. revoluta
1126:Cycas media
1115:, Australia
1108:Cycas media
847:Pollination
700:lineage by
535:New Zealand
437:Philippines
352:species is
180:Cycadopsida
170:Cycadophyta
8035:Cycadaceae
7888:Calocedrus
7874:Microbiota
7791:Libocedrus
7682:Athrotaxis
7499:Podocarpus
7485:Afrocarpus
7355:Halocarpus
7224:Keteleeria
7210:Nothotsuga
7066:Microcycas
7017:Macrozamia
7009:Zamioideae
6963:Cycadaceae
6900:Ginkgoales
6891:Ginkgoidae
6703:Magnoliids
6671:Gnetopsida
6441:horsetails
6369:quillworts
6361:clubmosses
6337:Lycophytes
6310:Renaliales
6087:Bryophytes
5665:Rhodophyta
5654:Rhodelphis
5385:(1): 3–14.
5274:: 351–400.
4784:2024-04-21
4760:2024-04-21
4736:2024-04-21
4712:2024-04-21
4631:2024-04-21
4395:References
4288:Rao et al.
4238:Srivastava
4228:Maconochie
3818:Cycas apoa
3140:C. canalis
2971:Lauterbach
2694:Maconochie
2005:C. rumphii
1769:Carruthers
1548:C. immersa
1147:Queensland
1131:Queensland
1113:Queensland
1080:Cycadaceae
1039:March 2023
942:native to
901:March 2023
839:keratinose
780:March 2023
732:Morphology
681:stem-group
594:Micronesia
558:Queensland
504:Madagascar
500:Seychelles
488:Mozambique
396:, eastern
388:The genus
382:See also:
318:Cycadaceae
295:Todda-pana
279:Dyerocycas
210:Cycadaceae
200:Cycadineae
196:Suborder:
166:Division:
8069:FloraBase
7916:Juniperus
7895:Cupressus
7846:Thujopsis
7826:Callitris
7573:Taxoideae
7471:Dacrydium
7328:Araucaria
7241:Pinoideae
7127:Gnetaceae
7052:Stangeria
6991:Diooideae
6983:Zamiaceae
6954:Cycadales
6945:Cycadidae
6857:Bryophyta
6203:Bryopsida
6156:Bryophyta
5885:UTC clade
5634:Picomonas
5570:Amoebozoa
5548:Alveolata
5536:Cryptista
5511:Eukaryota
5400:Brittonia
5193:232282918
5133:22 August
5091:0305-7364
5052:251947260
5044:1058-5893
4987:2167-8359
4971:: e3723.
4946:259137975
4920:0028-646X
4878:206535984
4862:0036-8075
4673:0018-5345
3708:Endemicae
3383:C. indica
3086:C. semota
2636:C. petrae
1985:C. nitida
1637:C. bifida
1232:Pectinata
1145:in north
1129:in north
1123:Grove of
1098:Phylogeny
1010:does not
980:male cone
963:male cone
872:does not
815:dioecious
751:does not
720:from the
714:Paleogene
702:cladistic
693:Paracycas
630:Evolution
584:Polynesia
580:Melanesia
570:Indonesia
523:Australia
475:species (
441:Indonesia
425:Sri Lanka
411:In Asia,
190:Cycadales
130:Kingdom:
8319:Category
8289:40019113
8284:Tropicos
8165:326847-2
7967:Wikidata
7805:Fitzroya
7750:Taxodium
7662:Taiwania
7547:Taxaceae
7450:Acmopyle
7314:Wollemia
7180:Pinaceae
7098:Gnetales
6836:(living
6713:Eudicots
6708:Monocots
6426:Ibykales
6160:(mosses)
6065:Plantae
5763:Plantae
5565:Amorphea
5543:Rhizaria
5531:Hacrobia
5521:Excavata
5506:Bacteria
5477:Plantae
5420:32241023
5368:Archived
5326:36921733
5283:Archived
5262:Epicycas
5185:34282286
5109:34520529
5005:28875075
4938:37302411
4929:10953041
4870:22021670
4493:28 March
4161:Schuster
4032:W.Fitzg.
3466:Roxburgh
3198:Chirgwin
2569:section
2467:C. media
2289:Griffith
2069:section
2044:Rumphiae
1849:section
1827:Wadeanae
1719:Wadeanae
1707:C. wadei
1693:section
1407:section
1363:Thunberg
1346:section
1183:section
806:Bark of
662:Jurassic
650:Laurasia
492:Tanzania
466:Cambodia
290:de Laub.
287:Epicycas
270:Synonyms
206:Family:
8178:1306649
8126:2683206
7973:Q161073
7798:Diselma
7716:Sequoia
7588:Torreya
7321:Agathis
7263:Cathaya
7171:Pinales
7116:Ephedra
7089:Pinidae
7038:Bowenia
6776:extinct
5625:Picozoa
5580:Animals
5501:Archaea
5343:Telopea
5163:bioRxiv
5100:8796677
4996:5578371
4842:Bibcode
4834:Science
4328:Forster
4278:A.Braun
4131:Warburg
3952:Forster
3932:Forster
3063:Gardner
2883:Leandri
2748:Warburg
1876:(Indu)
1711:Merrill
1031:removed
1016:sources
893:removed
878:sources
835:pinnate
830:petiole
772:removed
757:sources
706:fossils
664:to the
508:Comoros
458:Myanmar
402:Oceania
335:species
222:Genus:
186:Order:
176:Class:
134:Plantae
8258:PLANTS
8240:344467
8211:NZOR:
8191:183257
8152:129782
8113:108817
8087:108817
7999:202305
7996:APDB:
7492:Nageia
7397:Manoao
7196:Cedrus
7136:Gnetum
6922:Ginkgo
6771:groups
6659:Ginkgo
6367:&
6225:
5821:
5558:Plants
5495:Domain
5434:
5418:
5324:
5268:Blumea
5191:
5183:
5165:
5107:
5097:
5089:
5050:
5042:
5003:
4993:
4985:
4944:
4936:
4926:
4918:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4671:
4457:
4062:Oudem.
4042:Miquel
2721:Miquel
2222:Miquel
2121:Miquel
2009:Miquel
944:Odisha
826:caudex
722:Eocene
658:Eocene
494:, and
464:, and
398:Africa
298:Adans.
8325:Cycas
8263:CYCAS
8247:PPE:
8227:99238
8173:IRMNG
8100:Cycas
8095:FoAO2
8074:20916
8061:1CCYG
8048:53639
8012:92215
7988:Cycas
7958:Cycas
7853:Thuja
7609:Taxus
7277:Pinus
7270:Picea
7256:Larix
7231:Abies
7217:Tsuga
7059:Zamia
6999:Dioon
6972:Cycas
6851:Plant
5775:&
5585:Fungi
5416:S2CID
5396:Cycas
5337:Cycas
5322:S2CID
5258:Cycas
5189:S2CID
5048:S2CID
4965:PeerJ
4942:S2CID
4874:S2CID
4601:(PDF)
4477:Cycas
4451:(PDF)
3962:Singh
3225:Brown
2471:Brown
2056:Cycas
1912:Cycas
1622:Cycas
1552:Craib
1158:Cycas
1076:Cycas
1062:Cycas
940:Cycas
819:cones
710:Cycas
698:Cycas
685:Cycas
673:Cycas
654:Cycas
652:with
646:Cycas
639:Cycas
623:Cycas
601:Cycas
562:Cycas
548:Cycas
544:Cycas
539:Cycas
519:Cycas
496:Kenya
473:Cycas
454:Cycas
439:) to
433:Japan
429:China
421:India
417:Cycas
413:Cycas
406:Cycas
390:Cycas
378:Range
372:Cycas
364:Cycas
350:Cycas
339:Cycas
314:cycad
309:Cycas
282:Nakai
227:Cycas
215:Pers.
154:Clade
141:Clade
25:Cycas
8271:POWO
8204:3395
8199:NCBI
8186:ITIS
8160:IPNI
8139:3229
8134:GRIN
8121:GBIF
8056:EPPO
8025:3XT5
8007:APNI
6774:† =
5766:s.s.
5480:s.l.
5432:ISBN
5260:and
5237:help
5181:PMID
5135:2023
5105:PMID
5087:ISSN
5040:ISSN
5001:PMID
4983:ISSN
4934:PMID
4916:ISSN
4866:PMID
4858:ISSN
4669:ISSN
4495:2023
4455:ISBN
4431:2013
4358:Hill
4348:Hill
4338:Hill
4181:Hill
4111:Hill
4002:Hill
3882:Hill
3872:Hill
3862:Hill
3842:Hill
3832:Hill
3822:Hill
3446:Dyer
3333:Hill
3313:Wang
3286:Hill
3259:Hill
3144:Hill
3117:Hill
3090:Hill
3018:Hill
2937:Hill
2667:Hill
2451:Hill
2316:Hill
2202:Hill
2086:Hill
1895:Hill
1789:Wang
1742:Chen
1193:Dyer
1088:and
1014:any
1012:cite
876:any
874:cite
824:The
755:any
753:cite
615:and
586:and
506:and
462:Laos
423:and
400:and
394:Asia
343:Asia
37:PreꞒ
8297:WFO
8108:FoC
8082:FNA
8043:EoL
8020:CoL
6063:or
5761:or
5475:or
5408:doi
5351:doi
5314:doi
5212:doi
5173:doi
5095:PMC
5079:doi
5075:129
5032:doi
5028:183
4991:PMC
4973:doi
4924:PMC
4908:doi
4904:240
4850:doi
4838:334
4659:doi
4479:L."
4298:Wei
3902:Liu
1451:Wei
1025:by
887:by
766:by
724:of
683:of
641:sp.
431:to
8321::
8299::
8286::
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8260::
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8022::
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7984::
7969::
6363:,
5414:.
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5402:.
5381:.
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5341:.
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490:,
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254:L.
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6767:*
6661:)
6628:†
6622:†
6616:†
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6592:†
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6580:†
6574:†
6568:†
6562:†
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6535:*
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