882:, bolstered the trend of more rigorous construction specifications in the country. Many of the buildings destroyed by Tracy were government housing units constructed according to new guidelines based on findings after Althea, showing the need for further study. The severe cyclones prompted Queensland to develop its first statewide building regulations in 1975; the new Queensland Home Building Code was fully adopted in the mid-1980s. Under the new regulations, roofs had to be more securely anchored than before using bolts and reinforced fastenings. Having seen the dangers of deficient construction first-hand, Townsville was the first community to enact the enhanced building standards, and served as a testing ground for further revisions. The
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575:$ 120 million (1971), and the normalised damage total for 2012, which accounts for growth and inflation, was estimated at $ 648 million. Throughout the affected region, 257 people were treated for storm-related injuries, mostly inflicted by airborne debris; three people were killed. In Townsville, ten people were reported missing during the cyclone: nine on three boats that were unaccounted for, and one whose car was found in a swollen creek. They were all found safe.
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707:, wind-blown sand debarked trees and buffeted paint from houses. Althea generally dropped 145 to 200 mm (5.7 to 7.9 in) of rain in the Townsville area, much of it falling after the cyclone moved inland. As so many roofs had been damaged, many home interiors were left exposed to the elements. As a result, the deluge caused significant water damage to interior walls, electrical wiring, and personal belongings. Storage facilities at
604:, one woman died in a building collapse, and reportedly only 8 out of 150 houses in the community survived the cyclone. The island suffered a nearly total power outage, and after the water pipeline from the mainland was damaged, strict usage rations were put in place until repairs could be made. About 30 people on Magnetic Island were treated for injuries sustained during the storm, and damage reached $ 2 million.
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271:, requiring new homes to be cyclone-resistant. Townsville was the first community to adopt the enhanced construction standards. In addition to the coastal effects, Althea triggered extensive river flooding in interior Queensland. Most major roads in western portions of the state were cut off by floodwaters, and hundreds of families had to leave their homes for higher ground. In the aftermath of the cyclone, 600
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for pensioners; for the latter, higher allocations to cover the full cost of rebuilding homes were soon considered. The
Townsville City Council received a special $ 25,000 grant with the goal of repairing schools for the start of the new academic year. By 27 December, $ 150,000 in private donations had arrived as organisations and radio stations throughout Queensland sought assistance for the disaster area.
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559:. However, storm victims still criticised the agency and local radio news stations for unclear, untimely, or conflicting broadcasts that caused widespread confusion. Significant delays between the issuance of warnings from TCWC Brisbane and local broadcast in the Townsville area raised some question about the need for a warning centre closer to
518:– rings of intense thunderstorms surrounding the centre. The strongest winds were found under the contracting outer ring, which shrank from 55 to 39 km (34 to 24 mi) between 21:00 and 23:00 UTC to become the dominant eyewall as the inner ring dissipated. Consequently, extreme winds initially extended relatively far from the centre.
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were seriously damaged by the combined wind and rain, and four helicopters at the base were destroyed. In the weeks following the cyclone's passage, further downpours plagued
Townsville and triggered flooding when storm drains clogged with debris were unable to handle the runoff. Severe flooding from
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soon traveled to
Townsville to assess the damage and authorise the distribution of emergency grants for affected residents. At the end of December, officials announced that the state and federal governments would jointly issue individual rebuilding grants, ranging from $ 1,000 to as high as $ 4,000
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experienced a 2.7 m (9 ft) water level rise that submerged streets in the city. Shipping interests in the river suffered extensively when a barge broke free of its moorings and collided with numerous smaller vessels. An estimated peak storm surge of 3.66 m (12.0 ft) occurred at
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walls. In some cases, entire roofs crashed down on vehicles and other property. Power outages were extensive. One post-storm survey of 6,000 houses in
Townsville found around 0.7% totally demolished, 1.7% with critical but repairable damage, and 13.3% with minor damage. Other estimates placed the
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were inundated. In addition to damaging highways, the cyclone disrupted rail and air transportation. Railroads traveling out of
Townsville were submerged under as much as 1.5 m (5 ft) of water, while several airfields were forced to close. Later, as the storm approached open water once
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At the time, Althea was one of the strongest tropical cyclones to strike the coast of
Queensland; it still stands as the most intense ever in the Townsville area. Gusts as high as 196 km/h (122 mph) and sustained winds of 139 km/h (86 mph) were recorded at Townsville Airport,
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over western and southern
Queensland. Numerous communities were isolated by rising floodwaters, and hundreds of families were forced to evacuate their homes. In some cases, residents had to be moved to higher ground by boat, along with any food and provisions they were able to salvage. The
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spent 10 days on
Magnetic Island assisting in cleanup and recovery. Emergency vehicles, specialised personnel, electric generators, refrigerators, food rations, and other critical supplies were ferried to the island, and medical officers rushed there to limit the spread of
703:, the storm surge swept vehicles off roads and inundated homes; around 40% of dwellings were rendered uninhabitable. Trees and power lines in the community were mangled, nearly every building was unroofed, and damage amounted to approximately $ 1 million. In
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dwellings in
Townsville. Overall, Althea wrought at least $ 6 million in damage to government-owned buildings. The cyclone killed two people in Townsville: one man was crushed when his home collapsed, and another suffered a stress-related heart attack.
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In the hours leading up to landfall, the TCWC in
Brisbane issued 17 cyclone warnings for coastal areas. According to the BoM, residents received 20 hours of advance warning in which to complete preparations. By late on 23 December, police and
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was hit particularly hard. About 100 people endured the cyclone in the dining room of a Picnic Bay hotel that ultimately sustained severe structural damage; 65 would remain sheltered there through Christmas Day. Around 60% of houses in
267:. In Townsville, thousands of homes were damaged and many were destroyed. The most widespread damage was to roofs, which were often poorly or not at all secured. The damage from Althea prompted Queensland to develop its first statewide
244:. Althea produced copious rainfall over central and western Queensland as it turned toward the southeast, and on 26 December the cyclone emerged over open waters. After briefly re-intensifying, the system dissipated on 29 December.
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Farther inland, up to 250 mm (9.8 in) of rain fell in 12 hours, the most substantial rainfall in 15 years. In some drought-stricken parts of the state, the rain proved beneficial to farmers, but there was also widespread
629:, so stronger winds may have occurred. The storm bent large steel utility poles and lifted houses off their foundations, while entirely stripping trees of their leaves. Pieces of dislodged debris acted as projectiles, penetrating
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on 26 December and began to intensify once again. At 00:00 UTC on 28 December, the cyclone reached a third peak with 10-minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), but as it turned more toward the south, increasingly cooler
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soldiers aided recovery efforts in Townsville and Magnetic Island, while both state and federal governments contributed disaster relief funds. Three people were killed and damage totaled $ 120 million (1971
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near the cyclone's landfall point. Storm surge values tapered off sharply to the north of the storm centre, but remained high well to the south, with above-normal water levels extending as far south as
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reported that about 200 houses had been leveled – about 1 in every 100 – with 600 more rendered uninhabitable, and as many as 4,000 damaged. Among the structures damaged or destroyed were 200
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workers were on alert for the approaching storm. High public preparedness and a relatively low loss of life were attributed to BoM cyclone awareness initiatives in the wake of 1970's deadly
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767:, causing damage to buildings and vegetation. Damaging thunderstorms in the suburbs of Sydney, on 25 December were broadly attributed to the weather pattern associated with Althea.
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and fastening systems were among the primary points of failure. Consequently, much stricter building codes were explored in Queensland and Australia as a whole. Three years later,
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was declared for the Townsville area, making an initial $ 7,000 in emergency aid available for distribution among 84 individuals left homeless. Immediately after the storm, the
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in Townsville for relief efforts around the area. The troops were then split into 30 crews and assigned to different parts of the disaster area. In response to a request by
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Many of the damaged houses were of poor construction, and in the wake of Althea, engineering studies of the destruction resulted in a new understanding of the structural
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after several cases were reported. To recognise the efforts of the Australian Army in the aftermath of Althea, a commemorative plaque was later erected in Townsville's
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2288:. Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2012 (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 2B–1.
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While moving ashore, Althea generated wind gusts as high as 215 km/h (134 mph) that wrought significant destruction around Townsville and left nearby
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were damaged to some degree by 215 km/h (134 mph) wind gusts, and there was "not a tree left with leaves on it". The island's main town of
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of islands, substantial erosion resulted from southwesterly winds. Beaches receded by as much as 15.8 m (52 ft) between Pallarenda and
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began collecting and distributing donated clothing, while providing hot meals to hundreds of destitute storm victims. Australian Prime Minister
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839:. Initial recovery work was delayed by persistent flooding of roadways, but within a few days of the cyclone, residents received around 2,000
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winds extended well to the south of the cyclone's centre. While the system was moving ashore, land-based radar imagery identified an ongoing
525:, though it continued to produce heavy rainfall over interior Queensland. Curving southeastward, Althea re-emerged over open waters between
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482:. Early the next day, it tracked just south of the automated weather station on Flinders Reef. Althea likely continued to organise until
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and high waves caused widespread damage along the coast. Storm surge values reached 2.9 m (9.5 ft) in Townsville Harbour; the
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in a state of ruin; almost all of the buildings on the island were damaged to some degree. A significant 3.66 m (12.0 ft)
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had airlifted 225,000 kg (500,000 lb) of emergency supplies into the Townsville area. Isolated instances of
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Walker, George R. (September 2010). "A review of the impact of Cyclone Tracy on building regulations and insurance".
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to the south, and steadily strengthened. Near 18:00 UTC on 22 December, it reached its peak intensity with 10-minute
441:
217:
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Leitch, C.; et al. (January 2011). "Performance of housing in Brisbane following storms on 16 November 2008".
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from the heavy rains traveled downstream, southern areas continued to experience flooding into early January. Two
750:, and most of the major roads in western portions of the state were blocked by flooding. Several hundred homes in
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in mid-December 1971. Although little is known about the storm's genesis because of sparse reports and infrequent
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2283:"List of Tropical Cyclone Names withdrawn from use due to a Cyclone's Negative Impact on one or more countries"
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again, it dropped over 200 mm (7.9 in) of precipitation along the southern coast of Queensland. As
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in the cyclone's powerful left-front quadrant. Because of the tight pressure gradient between Althea and the
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Hopley, David (1974). "Coastal changes produced by Tropical Cyclone Althea in Queensland; December 1971".
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to protect their damaged homes and building materials to begin repairs. By early January, the
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were reported after the disaster, and multiple local merchants were investigated for alleged
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2336:"Australian Achievements in the Mitigation of Wind Damage to Housing from Tropical Cyclones"
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reimbursed Queensland for an estimated $ 5.5–6 million spent by the state on recovery.
452:) was estimated using the lowest recorded air pressure, 971.5 hPa (28.69 inHg) at
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Discovering Magnetic Island: A history and description of Magnetic Island, North Queensland
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Fielding, Trisha (19 December 2015). "The cyclone that tore up the city on December 24".
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of 130 km/h (80 mph); this made it a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on the
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890:'s Townsville campus, was established in 1977 in response to cyclones Althea and Tracy.
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weakened the cyclone. On 29 December, Althea lost its tropical characteristics over the
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soldiers, including 130 engineers, were recalled from Christmas leave and stationed at
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from the Australian tropical cyclone naming list due to the cyclone's severe impact.
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A house in Townsville lifted off its foundation and dropped on a vehicle by the winds
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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Although the worst of the storm struck near low tide, the combination of a large
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share of damaged or destroyed houses at 60%. Several months after the storm, the
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Cyclone Althea originated in an expanding area of thunderstorm activity near the
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432:. Althea tracked southwest toward the coast of Queensland around a subtropical
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and coastal roadways were crushed by the pounding surf in places such as the
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area, Althea was the fourth system and second severe tropical cyclone of the
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The storm quickly weakened as it continued southwest, passing just north of
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provided only occasional glimpses into the cyclone's formative stages, its
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just before Christmas 1971. One of the strongest storms ever to affect the
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Frazer, Ian (24 December 2011). "History time traveller: Cyclone Althea".
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Late on 22 December, the eye remained obscured to satellite imagery by a
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Andersen, John (24 December 2011). "Cyclone Althea: December 24, 1971".
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from Townsville to Toolakea, while north of the storm's center, in the
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424:. Just after 23:00 UTC on 21 December, imagery from the United States
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1625:. Darwin College Lectures. Cambridge University Press. p. 139.
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necessary to withstand severe winds. In particular, inadequate roof
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1593:(Report). Queensland Department of Community Safety. Archived from
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on 20 December, less than 300 km (200 mi) southwest of
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663:. In addition to the surge, wave action was highly destructive.
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1273:. Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub. Archived from
212:, the storm reached its peak intensity with 10-minute average
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on Christmas Eve, Althea struck the coast of Queensland near
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images, the disturbance is thought to have organised into a
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on 19 December as it tracked slowly southwestward into the
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Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
311:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
263:. Beaches receded by up to 15.8 m (52 ft) due to
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International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
763:
embedded within the cyclone's outer bands touched down in
416:, the system reached tropical cyclone status around 06:00
384:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
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Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
331:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
417:
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Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
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Total damage from Cyclone Althea amounted to just under
444:. The cyclone's central barometric pressure of 952
321:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
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1253:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters.
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satellite showed the first indications of an emerging
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Category 3 Australian region severe tropical cyclones
996:"Report by Director of Meteorology on Cyclone Althea"
993:
486:, which occurred at 23:00 UTC on 23 December – 09:00
2281:
RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (12 December 2012).
897:
886:, a wind damage research organisation housed within
467:
Radar image of Althea just before landfall, showing
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Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
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1971–72 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season
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Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal
412:'s (BoM) Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) in
216:of 130 km/h (80 mph) – Category 3 on the
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498:. The landfall point placed Townsville and nearby
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4188:
2563:Retired Australian region tropical cyclone names
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1412:
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208:on 19 December and heading southwest across the
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1771:United Press International (25 December 1971).
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2405:The Australian Journal of Emergency Management
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2188:"Cyclone relief committee to distribute funds"
2013:"Storms cause damage in two states and A.C.T."
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3328:
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2471:Australian Journal of Structural Engineering
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1663:"200 homes were destroyed by Althea: report"
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1001:. Australian Government Publishing Service.
675:. The violent onshore flow generated severe
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1406:
1404:
1402:
1386:
1119:"Case Study: Tropical Cyclone Althea, 1971"
1079:. University of North Carolina, Asheville.
800:provided $ 72,000 of relief funding, while
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2554:
2540:
2468:
2436:"Still an unsafe look in the cyclone belt"
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2079:
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1704:"500 War Service homes damaged in cyclone"
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1588:State-wide Natural Hazard Risk Assessment
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687:, and by up to 12 m (39 ft) at
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1952:. Bureau of Meteorology. November 2010.
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1043:"Severe Tropical Cyclone Althea Summary"
828:1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
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611:
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202:1971–72 Australian region cyclone season
177:1971–72 Australian region cyclone season
2517:Footage of Cyclone Althea in Townsville
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2124:"Individual grants for cyclone repairs"
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1256:"EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database"
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1155:Oliver, J. (1973). "Tropical cyclone".
716:delta was exacerbated by rainfall from
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1950:"Queensland flood summary 1970 – 1979"
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1302:"Cyclone town starts the big clean-up"
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36:image of Cyclone Althea on 23 December
4217:Category 3 Australian region cyclones
3316:
2535:
2415:from the original on 19 February 2017
1942:
1503:"Inquiry into cyclone 'profiteering'"
1289:
1185:
1117:Callaghan, Jeff (22 September 2011).
1095:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
607:
583:An estimated 90% of the buildings on
2345:. Walker, George R. 17 October 1991.
1757:
1737:Hopley, David (1974). "April 1974".
1570:
1529:
1243:
1150:
1148:
1146:
236:was monitored closely by land-based
3296:
2034:
1905:
1689:
1259:. Université catholique de Louvain.
1131:from the original on 22 August 2016
994:Bureau of Meteorology (July 1972).
855:. After the season ended, the name
600:were demolished. In the village of
460:, and environmental air pressures.
13:
4212:Retired Australian region cyclones
2495:from the original on 13 April 2017
2446:from the original on 12 March 2017
2434:Percival, Jack (19 January 1975).
2258:from the original on 12 March 2017
2228:from the original on 12 March 2017
2198:from the original on 12 March 2017
2164:from the original on 12 March 2017
2134:from the original on 12 March 2017
2095:from the original on 12 March 2017
2056:from the original on 12 March 2017
2046:"Army helps when disaster strikes"
2022:from the original on 12 March 2017
1956:from the original on 6 August 2017
1783:from the original on 12 March 2017
1751:10.1111/j.1467-8470.1974.tb00304.x
1714:from the original on 12 March 2017
1673:from the original on 12 March 2017
1639:from the original on 12 March 2017
1476:from the original on 12 March 2017
1312:from the original on 12 March 2017
1227:from the original on 20 April 2017
1049:from the original on 31 March 2017
1008:from the original on 20 March 2012
956:
578:
478:while the cyclone passed north of
255:battered the mainland, while high
80:Category 4 severe tropical cyclone
16:1971 natural disaster in Australia
14:
4233:
2510:
1986:from the original on 8 March 2017
1926:from the original on 8 March 2017
1889:from the original on 8 March 2017
1817:from the original on 9 March 2017
1554:from the original on 9 March 2017
1513:from the original on 9 March 2017
1433:from the original on 9 March 2017
1355:from the original on 9 March 2017
1271:"Cyclone Althea, Queensland 1971"
1143:
1083:from the original on 9 March 2017
1077:"1972 09P Althea (1971354S11159)"
642:homes and roughly 500 of the 700
625:was somewhat sheltered by upwind
4170:
4161:
4160:
3295:
3283:
3272:
3271:
2295:from the original on 12 May 2013
2044:Hodgkinson, Jan (26 June 1973).
1976:"Cyclonic storms sweep into NSW"
1586:Risk Frontiers (February 2011).
914:
900:
514:, with two distinct, concentric
376:
366:
356:
4197:Tropical cyclones in Queensland
2481:
2462:
2392:
2329:
2274:
2240:
2194:. 29 December 1971. p. 3.
2180:
2160:. 17 February 1972. p. 1.
2146:
2130:. 31 December 1971. p. 6.
2091:. 27 December 1971. p. 1.
2018:. 27 December 1971. p. 1.
1982:. 27 December 1971. p. 3.
1968:
1922:. 28 December 1971. p. 2.
1885:. 28 December 1971. p. 1.
1799:
1739:Australian Geographical Studies
1730:
1655:
1550:. 28 December 1971. p. 1.
1509:. 31 December 1971. p. 3.
1472:. 27 December 1971. p. 3.
1419:. Boolarong Press. p. 85.
1351:. 27 December 1971. p. 1.
1308:. 28 December 1971. p. 3.
1223:. 24 December 1971. p. 3.
616:Damage to a hotel in Townsville
545:
2399:Pearce, Tony (November 2008).
1813:. 6 January 1972. p. 22.
1710:. 12 January 1972. p. 3.
1466:"McMahon flying to Townsville"
1263:
1209:
186:Severe Tropical Cyclone Althea
22:Severe Tropical Cyclone Althea
1:
2254:. 5 January 1972. p. 3.
1879:"Hundreds homeless in floods"
1345:"Search on for 10 in cyclone"
1124:. Green Cross International.
950:
806:Australian federal government
640:Queensland Housing Commission
1807:"New downpour at Townsville"
1669:. 24 April 1972. p. 9.
770:
644:War Service Homes Commission
456:, a 32 km (20 mi)
101:165 km/h (105 mph)
7:
2523:Photographs of storm damage
2248:"Townsville's airlift ends"
1773:"Cyclone batters Australia"
893:
10:
4238:
1391:. p. 322 – via
880:Darwin, Northern Territory
845:Royal Australian Air Force
4156:
4110:
3999:
3883:
3737:
3541:
3350:
3266:
3215:
3109:
2993:
2802:
2681:
2595:
2569:
2491:. James Cook University.
2440:The Sydney Morning Herald
2321:. p. 20 – via
2089:The Sydney Morning Herald
1980:The Sydney Morning Herald
1920:The Sydney Morning Herald
1862:10.1080/00049187408702657
1811:The Sydney Morning Herald
1622:Understanding Catastrophe
1619:Bourriau, Janine (2006).
1413:Porter, James G. (2014).
1201:. p. 26 – via
1179:10.1080/00049187308702635
1045:. Bureau of Meteorology.
804:contributed $ 2,000. The
566:
512:eyewall replacement cycle
242:eyewall replacement cycle
240:that depicted an ongoing
204:. After forming near the
192:that devastated parts of
172:
160:
150:
139:
131:
126:
105:
97:
85:
78:
63:
48:
41:
26:
4176:Tropical cyclones portal
2489:"History of the Station"
2085:"PM flies to Townsville"
908:Tropical cyclones portal
738:washed out parts of the
536:sea surface temperatures
490:on Christmas Eve – near
218:Australian cyclone scale
4222:Disasters in Queensland
884:Cyclone Testing Station
636:Townsville City Council
553:state emergency service
476:canopy of cirrus clouds
438:maximum sustained winds
214:maximum sustained winds
3549:Bert-Christelle (1980)
3533:Wilf-Danitza (1979–80)
2224:. Monument Australia.
1916:"Floods cut Qld towns"
930:1998 Townsville floods
780:
617:
471:
458:radius of maximum wind
389:
284:Meteorological history
43:Meteorological history
3956:Adeline-Juliet (2005)
3870:Damien-Birenda (1999)
3815:Daryl-Agnielle (1995)
3624:Annette-Jaminy (1984)
3614:Vivienne-Fanja (1984)
2341:12 March 2017 at the
1842:Australian Geographer
1158:Australian Geographer
888:James Cook University
821:Premier of Queensland
778:
752:South West Queensland
615:
466:
410:Bureau of Meteorology
382:Extratropical cyclone
291:
3825:Hubert-Coryna (1996)
3468:Robyn-Deborah (1975)
3438:Deidre-Delida (1973)
1777:Tucson Daily Citizen
1544:"Long recovery road"
935:Climate of Australia
523:Charters Towers City
303:Saffir–Simpson scale
259:destroyed roads and
135:2 direct, 1 indirect
106:Lowest pressure
3855:Victor-Cindy (1998)
2386:10.22499/2.6003.008
2319:Townsville Bulletin
1854:1974AuGeo..12..445H
1389:Townsville Bulletin
1171:1973AuGeo..12..257O
837:Anzac Memorial Park
824:Joh Bjelke-Petersen
724:Interior Queensland
531:Double Island Point
469:concentric eyewalls
408:. According to the
372:Subtropical cyclone
87:10-minute sustained
23:
3921:Dianne-Jery (2002)
3790:Pearl-Farah (1994)
2192:The Canberra Times
2158:The Canberra Times
2128:The Canberra Times
2050:The Canberra Times
2016:The Canberra Times
1708:The Canberra Times
1667:The Canberra Times
1548:The Canberra Times
1507:The Canberra Times
1221:The Canberra Times
878:'s devastation in
785:state of emergency
781:
720:in early January.
681:Greater Palm group
618:
608:Coastal Queensland
504:high pressure area
472:
454:Townsville Airport
390:
230:weather satellites
98:Highest winds
21:
4207:1971 in Australia
4184:
4183:
3896:Leon–Eline (2000)
3310:
3309:
2154:"Disaster relief"
922:Queensland portal
817:Lavarack Barracks
798:Western Australia
398:weather satellite
183:
182:
4229:
4174:
4164:
4163:
4138:Gabrielle (2023)
3850:Selwyn (1997–98)
3337:
3330:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3299:
3298:
3287:
3275:
3274:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2401:"Assessing risk"
2396:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2359:
2346:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2222:"Cyclone Althea"
2218:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1600:on 12 April 2016
1599:
1592:
1583:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1462:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1384:
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1368:
1362:
1360:
1341:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1298:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1277:on 14 April 2017
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1072:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1007:
1000:
991:
924:
919:
918:
917:
910:
905:
904:
903:
561:North Queensland
442:Australian scale
380:
379:
370:
369:
362:Tropical cyclone
360:
359:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
194:North Queensland
190:tropical cyclone
168:
146:120 million
122:
81:
74:
72:
71:29 December 1971
67:29 December 1971
59:
57:
56:19 December 1971
52:19 December 1971
44:
31:
24:
20:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4152:
4106:
4057:Victoria (2013)
3995:
3991:Nicholas (2008)
3879:
3800:Vivienne (1994)
3733:
3729:Felicity (1989)
3709:Frederic (1988)
3679:Winifred (1986)
3674:Nicholas (1985)
3537:
3523:Peter (1978–79)
3418:Marcelle (1973)
3413:"Flores" (1973)
3346:
3341:
3311:
3306:
3262:
3211:
3105:
2989:
2798:
2677:
2591:
2565:
2560:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2467:
2463:
2449:
2447:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2397:
2393:
2377:10.1.1.222.8697
2360:
2349:
2343:Wayback Machine
2334:
2330:
2315:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2279:
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2259:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2201:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2165:
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2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2112:
2098:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1989:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1929:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1892:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1869:
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1820:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1758:
1735:
1731:
1717:
1715:
1702:
1701:
1690:
1676:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1642:
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1633:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1571:
1557:
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1542:
1541:
1530:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1479:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1450:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1411:
1400:
1385:
1372:
1358:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1329:
1315:
1313:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1244:
1230:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1195:
1186:
1153:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1005:
998:
992:
957:
953:
920:
915:
913:
906:
901:
899:
896:
833:gastroenteritis
813:Australian Army
793:William McMahon
773:
726:
718:Cyclone Bronwyn
673:Cape Pallarenda
610:
585:Magnetic Island
581:
579:Magnetic Island
569:
548:
500:Magnetic Island
394:Solomon Islands
388:
387:
386:
385:
377:
374:
367:
364:
357:
354:
348:
347:
343:
342:
338:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
323:
322:
318:
317:
313:
312:
308:
306:
297:
293:
286:
273:Australian Army
265:coastal erosion
249:Magnetic Island
206:Solomon Islands
188:was a powerful
173:
127:Overall effects
109:
79:
70:
68:
55:
53:
42:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4235:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4148:Kirrily (2024)
4145:
4143:Anggrek (2024)
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:Claudia (2020)
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4082:Frances (2017)
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3916:Claudia (2002)
3913:
3908:
3906:Abigail (2001)
3903:
3898:
3893:
3891:Kirrily (2000)
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Celeste (1996)
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3795:Quenton (1994)
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Nina (1992–93)
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3750:Vincent (1990)
3747:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3724:Kirrily (1989)
3721:
3716:
3714:Charlie (1988)
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3664:Lindsay (1985)
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Abigail (1982)
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3503:Jack-Io (1977)
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:Adeline (1973)
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
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3107:
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3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
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2559:
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2529:
2520:
2512:
2511:External links
2509:
2507:
2506:
2480:
2461:
2456:Newspapers.com
2442:. p. 63.
2426:
2391:
2370:(3): 199–206.
2347:
2328:
2306:
2273:
2268:Newspapers.com
2239:
2213:
2179:
2145:
2110:
2105:Newspapers.com
2071:
2052:. p. 13.
2033:
2001:
1996:Newspapers.com
1967:
1941:
1936:Newspapers.com
1904:
1899:Newspapers.com
1867:
1848:(5): 445–456.
1832:
1827:Newspapers.com
1798:
1793:Newspapers.com
1756:
1729:
1688:
1654:
1632:978-0521032193
1631:
1611:
1569:
1528:
1491:
1486:Newspapers.com
1448:
1426:978-1925046380
1425:
1398:
1370:
1365:Newspapers.com
1327:
1322:Newspapers.com
1288:
1262:
1242:
1208:
1199:Townsville Eye
1184:
1165:(3): 257–263.
1142:
1094:
1060:
1019:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
925:
911:
895:
892:
789:Salvation Army
772:
769:
746:highways near
731:flash flooding
725:
722:
714:Burdekin River
712:Althea in the
705:Saunders Beach
609:
606:
580:
577:
568:
565:
547:
544:
506:to the south,
375:
365:
355:
350:
349:
307:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
285:
282:
269:building codes
181:
180:
170:
169:
158:
157:
152:
151:Areas affected
148:
147:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
118:); 28.11
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
83:
82:
76:
75:
65:
61:
60:
50:
46:
45:
39:
38:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4234:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:Seroja (2021)
4131:
4129:
4128:Marian (2021)
4126:
4124:
4123:Damien (2020)
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Kelvin (2018)
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Sandra (2013)
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Alenga (2011)
4025:
4023:
4022:Carlos (2011)
4020:
4018:
4017:Dianne (2011)
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Harvey (2005)
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Debbie (2003)
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Walter (2001)
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:Alison (1998)
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:Justin (1997)
3843:
3841:
3840:Rachel (1997)
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Gertie (1995)
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Warren (1995)
3808:
3806:
3805:Violet (1995)
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
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3746:
3743:
3742:
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3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Connie (1987)
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Rhonda (1986)
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Margot (1985)
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Isobel (1985)
3652:
3650:
3649:Hubert (1985)
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Ingrid (1984)
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
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3587:
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3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
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3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Jessie (1974)
3456:
3454:
3453:Isobel (1974)
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Cecily (1973)
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Nellie (1973)
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Kristy (1973)
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Hannah (1972)
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
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3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
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2999:
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2550:
2545:
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2538:
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2534:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:– via YouTube
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2094:
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2067:
2055:
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2040:
2038:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1925:
1921:
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1911:
1909:
1900:
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1802:
1794:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1765:
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1761:
1752:
1748:
1745:(1): 90–106.
1744:
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1713:
1709:
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1127:
1120:
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1082:
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1048:
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1038:
1036:
1034:
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1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1004:
997:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
955:
946:
943:
941:
940:Cyclone Tessi
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
912:
909:
898:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:Cyclone Tracy
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
853:price gouging
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
825:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
794:
790:
786:
777:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:Warrego River
732:
721:
719:
715:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:beach erosion
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
653:
648:
645:
641:
637:
632:
628:
624:
614:
605:
603:
602:Horseshoe Bay
599:
595:
590:
586:
576:
574:
564:
562:
558:
554:
543:
541:
537:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
470:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
383:
373:
363:
353:
305:
304:
290:
281:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
179:
178:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
77:
66:
62:
51:
47:
40:
35:
30:
25:
19:
4102:Riley (2019)
4077:Olwyn (2015)
4067:Bruce (2013)
4047:Freda (2012)
4037:Heidi (2012)
4032:Errol (2011)
4007:Magda (2010)
3976:Jacob (2007)
3961:Clare (2006)
3951:Willy (2005)
3941:Kerry (2005)
3926:Erica (2003)
3901:Tessi (2000)
3865:Billy (1998)
3835:Jacob (1996)
3785:Naomi (1993)
3775:Polly (1993)
3760:Daman (1992)
3755:Betsy (1992)
3719:Ilona (1988)
3704:Jason (1987)
3659:Jacob (1985)
3644:Frank (1984)
3619:Willy (1984)
3609:Grace (1984)
3604:Oscar (1983)
3599:Monty (1983)
3594:Naomi (1983)
3564:Paddy (1981)
3554:Freda (1981)
3513:Verna (1977)
3508:Karen (1977)
3498:Irene (1977)
3493:Colin (1976)
3488:Wally (1976)
3478:David (1976)
3463:Selma (1974)
3443:Helen (1974)
3428:Beryl (1973)
3368:Emily (1972)
3363:Daisy (1972)
3294:
3282:
3270:
2617:
2613:Fiona/Gertie
2497:. Retrieved
2483:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2454:– via
2448:. Retrieved
2439:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2408:
2404:
2394:
2367:
2363:
2331:
2318:
2297:. Retrieved
2276:
2266:– via
2260:. Retrieved
2251:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2216:
2206:– via
2200:. Retrieved
2191:
2182:
2172:– via
2166:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2127:
2103:– via
2097:. Retrieved
2088:
2064:– via
2058:. Retrieved
2049:
2024:. Retrieved
2015:
1994:– via
1988:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1944:
1934:– via
1928:. Retrieved
1919:
1897:– via
1891:. Retrieved
1882:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1825:– via
1819:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1791:– via
1785:. Retrieved
1776:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1722:– via
1716:. Retrieved
1707:
1681:– via
1675:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1647:– via
1641:. Retrieved
1621:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1562:– via
1556:. Retrieved
1547:
1521:– via
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1484:– via
1478:. Retrieved
1469:
1443:Google Books
1441:– via
1435:. Retrieved
1415:
1388:
1363:– via
1357:. Retrieved
1348:
1320:– via
1314:. Retrieved
1305:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:the original
1265:
1235:– via
1229:. Retrieved
1220:
1211:
1198:
1162:
1156:
1133:. Retrieved
1085:. Retrieved
1051:. Retrieved
1010:. Retrieved
945:Cyclone Yasi
868:design loads
865:
856:
810:
782:
734:overflowing
727:
709:RAAF Garbutt
698:
689:Balgal Beach
649:
631:fibre cement
619:
582:
570:
549:
546:Preparations
520:
492:Rollingstone
473:
402:tropical low
391:
351:
301:
246:
226:Rollingstone
185:
184:
175:
174:Part of the
86:
18:
4097:Owen (2018)
4092:Nora (2018)
4072:Jack (2014)
4062:Zane (2013)
4012:Paul (2010)
3986:Guba (2007)
3981:Kara (2007)
3971:Wati (2006)
3931:Jana (2003)
3875:Rona (1999)
3780:Adel (1993)
3765:Fran (1992)
3694:Namu (1986)
3689:Manu (1986)
3639:Emma (1984)
3589:Lena (1983)
3569:Alex (1981)
3528:Rosa (1979)
3518:Vern (1978)
3483:Beth (1976)
3423:Ines (1973)
3403:Leah (1973)
3388:Jean (1973)
3373:Gail (1972)
3301:WikiProject
2477:(1): 45–62.
1649:Google News
748:Charleville
652:storm surge
627:Castle Hill
621:though the
596:and 40% in
557:Cyclone Ada
527:Maryborough
448:(28.1
430:eye feature
253:storm surge
220:. At 09:00
4191:Categories
4042:Lua (2012)
3966:Jim (2006)
3745:Sam (1990)
3634:Jim (1984)
3584:Ken (1983)
3579:Ian (1982)
3559:Max (1981)
3473:Ray (1975)
3448:Zoe (1974)
3383:Ida (1972)
3358:Ada (1970)
951:References
841:tarpaulins
811:About 600
701:Pallarenda
656:Ross River
623:anemometer
589:Picnic Bay
540:Tasman Sea
508:gale-force
496:Townsville
480:Lihou Reef
352:Storm type
198:Townsville
155:Queensland
132:Fatalities
64:Dissipated
3253:Gabrielle
3157:Christine
2372:CiteSeerX
1217:"Cyclone"
771:Aftermath
761:tornadoes
685:Rowes Bay
594:Nelly Bay
406:Coral Sea
210:Coral Sea
34:Satellite
4166:Category
3277:Category
3202:Veronica
3101:Laurence
2865:Theodore
2794:Felicity
2734:Winifred
2499:12 April
2493:Archived
2444:Archived
2413:Archived
2339:Archived
2323:InfoTrac
2290:Archived
2256:Archived
2226:Archived
2196:Archived
2162:Archived
2132:Archived
2093:Archived
2054:Archived
2020:Archived
1984:Archived
1954:Archived
1924:Archived
1887:Archived
1815:Archived
1781:Archived
1712:Archived
1671:Archived
1637:Archived
1552:Archived
1511:Archived
1474:Archived
1431:Archived
1393:InfoTrac
1353:Archived
1310:Archived
1281:13 April
1225:Archived
1203:InfoTrac
1126:Archived
1081:Archived
1047:Archived
1003:Archived
894:See also
872:cladding
802:Tasmania
740:Mitchell
665:Seawalls
661:Toolakea
516:eyewalls
484:landfall
414:Brisbane
346:Unknown
261:seawalls
234:landfall
3137:Jasmine
3021:Abigail
2950:Katrina
2910:Celeste
2875:Annette
2769:Delilah
2754:Charlie
2699:Dominic
2450:9 March
2419:5 March
2299:6 March
2262:6 March
2252:The Age
2232:4 March
2202:6 March
2168:6 March
2138:6 March
2099:5 March
2060:9 March
2026:6 March
1990:6 March
1930:6 March
1893:5 March
1883:The Age
1850:Bibcode
1821:6 March
1787:5 March
1718:6 March
1677:6 March
1643:5 March
1604:6 March
1558:6 March
1517:6 March
1480:5 March
1470:The Age
1437:5 March
1359:5 March
1349:The Age
1316:5 March
1306:The Age
1231:6 March
1167:Bibcode
1135:4 March
1087:1 March
1053:1 March
1012:1 March
861:retired
849:looting
744:Warrego
598:Arcadia
422:Honiara
296:Map key
162:IBTrACS
69: (
54: (
3289:Portal
3248:Freddy
3238:Seroja
3233:Mangga
3228:Harold
3223:Damien
3197:Trevor
3192:Marcus
3187:Debbie
3172:Marcia
3147:Oswald
3127:Carlos
3096:Hamish
3081:George
3076:Monica
3071:Glenda
3056:Ingrid
3051:Harvey
3011:Rosita
2970:Gwenda
2965:Elaine
2960:Thelma
2945:Rhonda
2940:Justin
2935:Rachel
2930:Fergus
2925:Olivia
2920:Kirsty
2900:Gertie
2890:Warren
2885:Violet
2870:Sharon
2840:Oliver
2759:Herbie
2739:Connie
2724:Margot
2704:Elinor
2648:Trixie
2618:Althea
2577:Audrey
2525:– via
2374:
1629:
1423:
857:Althea
826:, the
757:runoff
694:Mackay
669:Strand
567:Impact
426:ESSA-8
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
140:Damage
49:Formed
4111:2020s
4000:2010s
3884:2000s
3738:1990s
3542:1980s
3351:1970s
3216:2020s
3182:Quang
3177:Olwyn
3152:Rusty
3132:Heidi
3122:Tasha
3117:Magda
3110:2010s
3091:Helen
3066:Larry
3061:Clare
3041:Monty
3036:Inigo
3031:Erica
3026:Chris
3006:Tessi
3001:Steve
2994:2000s
2980:Vance
2915:Ethel
2905:Barry
2895:Agnes
2880:Bobby
2860:Pearl
2855:Naomi
2850:Roger
2845:Polly
2803:1990s
2789:Pedro
2784:Orson
2764:Ilona
2749:Elsie
2744:Jason
2729:Nigel
2719:Sandy
2714:Lance
2709:Kathy
2694:Cliff
2689:Simon
2682:1980s
2673:Kerry
2643:Tracy
2638:Wanda
2633:Madge
2628:Emily
2623:Daisy
2596:1970s
2587:Dinah
2582:Flora
2570:1960s
2527:Trove
2411:(4).
2293:(PDF)
2286:(PDF)
2208:Trove
2174:Trove
2066:Trove
1960:1 May
1724:Trove
1683:Trove
1598:(PDF)
1591:(PDF)
1564:Trove
1523:Trove
1237:Trove
1129:(PDF)
1122:(PDF)
1006:(PDF)
999:(PDF)
765:Bowen
434:ridge
257:waves
238:radar
3258:Ilsa
3243:Seth
3086:Guba
2985:John
2975:Rona
2835:Nina
2825:Mark
2815:Ivor
2810:Tina
2779:Aivu
2668:Alby
2658:Beth
2653:Joan
2608:Dora
2501:2017
2452:2017
2421:2017
2301:2017
2264:2017
2234:2017
2204:2017
2170:2017
2140:2017
2101:2017
2062:2017
2028:2017
1992:2017
1962:2017
1932:2017
1895:2017
1823:2017
1789:2017
1720:2017
1679:2017
1645:2017
1627:ISBN
1606:2017
1560:2017
1519:2017
1482:2017
1439:2017
1421:ISBN
1361:2017
1318:2017
1283:2017
1233:2017
1137:2017
1089:2017
1055:2017
1014:2017
859:was
742:and
671:and
529:and
488:AEST
450:inHg
222:AEST
120:inHg
116:mbar
110:952
3207:Ann
3167:Lam
3162:Ita
3142:Lua
3046:Fay
3016:Sam
2955:Sid
2830:Ian
2820:Joy
2774:Ned
2663:Ted
2603:Ada
2382:doi
1858:doi
1747:doi
1175:doi
699:At
446:hPa
418:UTC
280:).
278:AUD
144:A$
112:hPa
91:BOM
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