455:
358:
69:
615:
He also faced a number of problems, such as increasing demands for the abolition of the monarchy, disorganisation among the country's political parties after seven years of repression making the calling of prompt elections an impossible task, labour unrest, and at least one military uprising. One of
508:, stating in a telegram to the War Minister in August 1921 that "I have been obstinately refractary to the use of suffocating gases against these indigenous peoples but after what they have done, and of their treacherous and deceptive conduct, I have to use them with true joy."
578:
Despite attempts to bring the process to a halt by Primo de Rivera (he even attempted to confiscate the report), the trial on the performance of
Berenguer and Navarro began on 16 June 1924. Attempting to pander to the military, Primo de Rivera amnestied Berenguer.
589:
In
January 1930, following the forced resignation of Primo de Rivera, Alfonso XIII tasked Berenguer with the formation of a government seeking to restore the country to its pre-1923 state, as if nothing had happened in between. During
366:
575:, the brother of Dámaso. Yet, ultimately, despite their differences, they shared the same contempt for what they thought to be persecution of the military by the government due to Annual.
546:
2520:
1647:
1496:
1345:
2049:
1192:
2525:
1566:
1350:
676:
1444:
2418:
1449:
1142:"Las ciudades santas y prohibidas de Marruecos: La santidad, la sacralidad y la impenetrabilidad de Chefchauen en los textos coloniales españoles y franceses"
252:
2300:
1308:
565:
319:
1774:
1022:"De la Monarquía a la República: el gobierno del general Dámaso Berenguer en los informes del nuncio Federico Tedeschini (enero de 1930-febrero de 1931)"
541:, as the King appointed the former as Prime Minister after the success of the coup d'état. Primo de Rivera, previously associated with pro-abandonment (
2515:
1257:
1084:
2443:
1471:
1399:
1367:
553:
2042:
448:
371:
59:
1021:
179:
17:
1789:
1784:
1491:
915:
616:
the last straws nailing the coffin of the monarchist regime was an article titled "el error
Berenguer" (the Berenguer mistake), authored by
228:
224:
1404:
582:
In 1926, Berenguer became Chief of Staff of the
Military House of the King, a post conventionally destined to burned-out generals liked by
1624:
1521:
2035:
1434:
1455:
2530:
1678:
1641:
1614:
1597:
1481:
1501:
1225:
1250:
1032:
1816:
1409:
1211:
1153:
1040:
966:
932:
643:. He was cleared in 1935 and retired from public life. He played no relevant role in the July 1936 uprising that led to the
2337:
2095:
1394:
849:
1378:
511:
After three previous rejected attempts to hand in his resignation as High
Commissioner, he finally did so by mid 1922. An
2540:
2500:
1966:
1329:
1419:
1486:
591:
2505:
2006:
1243:
428:
526:
Amid the structural collapse of the
Restoration regime, by the summer of 1923, plotting took place in the military.
988:
459:
1749:
1303:
945:(2010). "The Making of an Interventionist Army, 1898–1923". In Romero Salvadó, Francisco J.; Smith, Angel (eds.).
2074:
639:
was declared. Berenguer was tried on his performance in
Morocco and irregularities in the repression of the 1930
594:, Berenguer repealed some of the harsher measures introduced by Primo de Rivera, earning his regime the nickname
538:
501:
1712:
2535:
2069:
1668:
1101:
1831:
1526:
1323:
632:
527:
523:
the 1921 collapse, and
Berenguer, in his capacity as High Commissioner, found himself among those martialled.
167:
125:
2347:
1950:
444:
1804:
1779:
1318:
2290:
1769:
1738:
1536:
1384:
924:
1717:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1516:
1466:
1439:
1429:
1372:
1362:
1356:
635:, under whom he served as Minister of War. Two months later, King Alfonso XIII fled the country and the
2105:
2058:
1722:
1461:
1340:
1313:
2510:
2156:
2141:
1910:
1885:
1414:
878:
466:
The disaster for the
Spanish Army in Morocco in the summer of 1921, which included the defeat at the
344:
281:
2332:
1890:
1810:
1727:
1688:
1629:
1005:
2495:
2433:
2408:
2110:
1895:
1029:
Del siglo XIX al XXI. Tendencias y debates: XIV Congreso de la
Asociación de Historia Contemporánea
471:
381:
1900:
1870:
516:
2357:
2100:
2027:
1841:
1266:
636:
324:
132:
80:
1855:
1759:
421:
2362:
2209:
2204:
1821:
1175:
1076:
534:
113:
2136:
1880:
1732:
1576:
1561:
1424:
454:
2459:
2146:
2001:
1991:
1663:
1551:
1531:
1511:
570:
440:
101:
2490:
2485:
2423:
1980:
1974:
1956:
1653:
1635:
1619:
1608:
1289:
617:
8:
2285:
2219:
2090:
1944:
1698:
1658:
1506:
1389:
1335:
1052:"El Desastre de Annual. El pleito de las responsabilidades en la gran prensa (1921-1923)"
519:
had already been opened to determine responsibility for the disastrous military strategy
481:
2342:
240:
2166:
2161:
1476:
1146:
Religión y patrimonio cultural en Marruecos. Una aproximación antropológica e histórica
977:
950:
560:
2295:
1996:
2428:
2413:
2199:
2176:
1865:
1744:
1217:
1207:
1179:
1149:
1141:
1128:
1088:
1063:
1036:
992:
962:
942:
928:
644:
631:
Berenguer resigned as prime minister on 14 February 1931; he was replaced by Admiral
583:
545:) stances vis-à-vis Morocco had been counterintuitively supported in his coup by the
406:
357:
1164:
2372:
2234:
2171:
1939:
1764:
1120:
954:
467:
410:
402:
68:
2367:
2016:
1986:
476:
2388:
2316:
2244:
1925:
1673:
417:
323:(4 August 1873 – 19 May 1953) was a Spanish general and politician. He served as
297:
1860:
1124:
1051:
191:
2280:
2275:
2151:
1875:
1683:
564:
generals in Madrid vying for stronger interventionism in Morocco that included
340:
277:
1915:
2479:
2464:
2438:
2259:
2229:
2011:
1799:
1754:
1591:
1221:
1183:
1132:
1092:
1067:
996:
640:
398:
1905:
2224:
2214:
1794:
1235:
512:
328:
212:
153:
33:
958:
677:"CHCM destaca el libro Campañas en el Rif y Yebala" del General Berenguer"
2239:
596:
2249:
947:
The Agony of Spanish Liberalism. From Revolution to Dictatorship 1913–23
365:
visiting Carabanchel in 1913 for the latter's pledge of allegiance, by
883:
2115:
1602:
393:
1013:
Historia contemporánea de España desde 1923. Dictadura y democracia
2057:
711:
2254:
2120:
505:
472:
ensuing slaughter of about 2,000 Spanish soldiers in Monte Arruit
432:
351:
37:
781:
779:
730:
728:
726:
740:
651:
293:
818:
474:, murdered by the Riffians after their surrender, delivered a
405:
in 1912, bringing the end of the campaign. He was promoted to
1270:
856:
776:
764:
723:
699:
978:"Padrino y patrón. Alfonso XIII y sus oficiales (1902-1923)"
891:
1203:
1165:"La cultura africanista en el Ejército español (1909-1975)"
1144:. In Gómez Pellón, Eloy; González Vázquez, Araceli (eds.).
1116:
2521:
Spanish military personnel of the Second Melillan campaign
687:
586:
in order to move them away from the spotlight for a time.
808:
806:
752:
830:
791:
850:"Aproximación a la realidad histórica y sociopolítica"
803:
435:
on 14 October 1920, and Berenguer, one of the leading
350:
He enlisted in the army in 1889, served in Cuba and
1172:
Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea
1148:. Seville: Signatura Ediciones. pp. 263–298.
975:
734:
913:
746:
2477:
1139:
1099:
985:Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporánea
824:
785:
717:
705:
401:, leading the action that killed Riffian leader
327:during the last thirteen months of the reign of
2526:Spanish military personnel of the Kert campaign
1162:
1085:Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
1074:
862:
770:
44: and the second or maternal family name is
2059:Franco-Spanish conquest of Morocco (1844–1934)
1102:"El proceso Berenguer: Sus efectos en Melilla"
484:. The armed forces was deeply divided between
2043:
1251:
1077:"Ortega y Gasset ante las Derechas Españolas"
1019:
897:
1265:
1190:
693:
1049:
758:
93:30 January 1930 – 18 February 1931
2050:
2036:
1258:
1244:
1003:
836:
797:
604:meaning soft, as opposed to the preceding
397:on 30 June 1911 and fought in the ensuing
204:9 November 1918 – 27 January 1919
67:
27:Spanish general and politician (1873-1953)
2516:Spanish military personnel of the Rif War
1056:Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar
502:use of chemical weapons against civilians
453:
356:
145:30 January 1930 – 14 April 1931
941:
812:
14:
2478:
1100:González Sánchez, José Javier (1985).
1075:González Cuevas, Pedro Carlos (2006).
1033:Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
537:took place in Barcelona, bringing the
2031:
1239:
873:
871:
429:High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco
2106:Second Franco-Moroccan War (1907–12)
976:Bru Sánchez-Fortún, Alberto (2006).
384:, taking part in the action of the
24:
1140:González Vázquez, Araceli (2011).
868:
612:being the Spanish word for hard).
25:
2552:
1163:Iglesias Amorín, Alfonso (2016).
1006:"La dictadura de Primo de Rivera"
914:Albi de la Cuesta, Julio (2016).
447:, was granted the noble title of
427:He was appointed January 1919 as
2157:Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (1912)
2142:Bombardment of Casablanca (1907)
2091:First Franco-Moroccan War (1844)
1279:Acting prime ministers shown in
1204:UNED Centro Asociado de Asturias
1191:Ramos Oliver, Francisco (2013).
989:Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
852:. Éditions Ellipses. p. 13.
2075:Spanish protectorate in Morocco
842:
539:dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
345:Spanish administrative division
343:, Cuba, while the island was a
2531:Spanish people in Spanish Cuba
2096:Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)
2070:French protectorate in Morocco
1020:Fuster Cancio, Mónica (2019).
669:
13:
1:
1081:Revista de Estudios Políticos
657:
624:, which famously ended with "
600:(the toothless dictatorship,
592:his mandate as prime minister
2444:Franco-Spanish Treaty (1912)
2147:Battle of Wolf Ravine (1909)
1004:Egido León, Ángeles (2011).
500:. Berenguer sanctioned the
334:
36:, the first or paternal
7:
2434:Morocco–Congo Treaty (1911)
2424:Algeciras Conference (1906)
2101:First Melilla War (1893–94)
1125:10.5944/aldaba.5.1985.19613
1050:Gájate Bajo, María (2013).
633:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
394:Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas
361:Berenguer and a company of
168:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
126:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
10:
2557:
2541:Defence ministers of Spain
2501:People from Remedios, Cuba
2348:Manuel Fernández Silvestre
2137:Bombardment of Salé (1851)
1193:"Las guerras de Marruecos"
445:Manuel Fernández Silvestre
416:In 1918, he was appointed
409:in 1916, and, in 1918, to
318:Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté,
31:
2452:
2401:
2381:
2325:
2309:
2291:Joseph-François Poeymirau
2268:
2192:
2185:
2167:Battle of El Herri (1914)
2162:Battle of El Ksiba (1913)
2152:Bloody Days of Fes (1912)
2129:
2111:Second Melilla War (1909)
2083:
2065:
1965:
1924:
1840:
1697:
1575:
1288:
1277:
458:Photographic portrait by
431:. He proceeded to occupy
311:
303:
287:
267:
262:
258:
246:
234:
218:
208:
197:
185:
173:
159:
149:
138:
131:
119:
107:
97:
86:
79:
75:
66:
53:
2506:Prime ministers of Spain
2460:Tangier Crisis (1905–06)
2429:Pact of Cartagena (1907)
2414:Treaty of Wad Ras (1860)
2409:Treaty of Tangier (1844)
2177:Alhucemas Landing (1925)
879:"El destino de una vida"
382:Second Melillan campaign
341:San Juan de los Remedios
278:San Juan de los Remedios
272:Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté
133:Minister of War of Spain
18:Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté
2338:Arsenio Martínez-Campos
2172:Battle of Annual (1921)
1176:Universidad de Alicante
735:Bru Sánchez-Fortún 2006
515:carried out by General
81:Prime Minister of Spain
2363:Miguel Primo de Rivera
2333:Juan García y Margallo
2210:Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
2205:Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni
747:Albi de la Cuesta 2016
535:Miguel Primo de Rivera
513:official investigation
463:
377:
339:Berenguer was born in
114:Miguel Primo de Rivera
2536:Spanish war criminals
959:10.1057/9780230274648
925:Ministerio de Defensa
825:González Sánchez 1985
786:González Sánchez 1985
718:González Vázquez 2011
706:González Sánchez 1985
626:Delenda est monarchia
517:Juan Picasso González
480:to the regime of the
457:
420:under Prime Minister
360:
291:19 May 1953 (aged 79)
2465:Agadir Crisis (1911)
2439:Treaty of Fes (1912)
2419:Treaty of Fes (1894)
1750:Fernández-Villaverde
1577:Democratic Sexennium
1117:Centro Asociado UNED
863:González Cuevas 2006
771:Iglesias Amorín 2016
618:Jose Ortega y Gasset
528:In September 1923 a
422:Manuel García Prieto
225:Manuel García Prieto
2286:Paul Prosper Henrys
2116:Zaian War (1914–21)
1304:Martínez de la Rosa
720:, pp. 279–280.
2358:José Millán-Astray
2301:Henry de Bournazel
2230:Sidi Ahmed El Hiba
1926:Spain under Franco
1319:Álvarez Mendizábal
1231:on 27 August 2020.
951:Palgrave Macmillan
943:Balfour, Sebastian
898:Fuster Cancio 2019
887:. 18 October 1980.
683:. 1 December 2017.
650:Berenguer died in
464:
378:
320:1st Count of Xauen
229:Álvaro de Figueroa
2473:
2472:
2397:
2396:
2200:Mohammed Ameziane
2121:Rif War (1921–26)
2025:
2024:
1951:Fernández-Miranda
1290:Queen Isabella II
1213:978-84-88642-16-5
1155:978-84-96210-98-1
1042:978-84-17422-62-2
968:978-1-349-36383-4
934:978-84-9091-143-3
917:En torno a Annual
694:Ramos Oliver 2013
645:Spanish Civil War
584:King Alfonso XIII
462:published in 1919
407:brigadier general
386:Barranco del Lobo
380:He served in the
315:
314:
253:Diego Muñoz Comos
16:(Redirected from
2548:
2511:Spanish generals
2373:Francisco Franco
2353:Dámaso Berenguer
2343:José Marina Vega
2220:Mhand n'Ifrutant
2190:
2189:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2028:
1933:
1932:
1849:
1848:
1706:
1705:
1584:
1583:
1297:
1296:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1224:. Archived from
1197:
1187:
1174:(15). Alicante:
1169:
1159:
1136:
1106:
1096:
1071:
1046:
1026:
1016:
1010:
1000:
982:
972:
938:
922:
901:
895:
889:
888:
875:
866:
860:
854:
853:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
801:
795:
789:
783:
774:
768:
762:
759:Gájate Bajo 2013
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
684:
673:
574:
557:
468:Battle of Annual
443:in Africa along
411:division general
403:Mohamed Ameziane
375:
263:Personal details
249:
241:José Marina Vega
237:
221:
202:
188:
176:
162:
143:
122:
110:
91:
71:
55:Dámaso Berenguer
51:
50:
21:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2496:Counts of Spain
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2448:
2393:
2389:Mohamed Meziane
2377:
2321:
2317:Thami El Glaoui
2305:
2296:Philippe Pétain
2264:
2245:Assou Oubasslam
2181:
2125:
2079:
2061:
2056:
2026:
2021:
1961:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1901:Martínez Barrio
1871:Martínez Barrio
1846:
1845:
1844:
1842:Second Republic
1836:
1822:Primo de Rivera
1805:Sánchez de Toca
1770:López Domínguez
1723:Martínez Campos
1703:
1702:
1701:
1699:The Restoration
1693:
1684:Sierra Bullones
1581:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1363:Pérez de Castro
1346:Heredia-Spínola
1294:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1273:
1267:Prime ministers
1264:
1228:
1214:
1195:
1167:
1156:
1104:
1083:(133). Madrid:
1043:
1024:
1008:
980:
969:
935:
920:
905:
904:
896:
892:
877:
876:
869:
861:
857:
848:
847:
843:
837:Egido León 2011
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
804:
798:Egido León 2011
796:
792:
784:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
745:
741:
733:
724:
716:
712:
704:
700:
692:
688:
675:
674:
670:
660:
568:
551:
530:pronunciamiento
494:responsibilists
418:Minister of War
391:He founded the
369:
337:
298:Francoist Spain
292:
276:
274:
273:
247:
235:
227:
219:
203:
198:
186:
174:
166:
160:
144:
139:
120:
108:
92:
87:
62:
56:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2554:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2382:Spanish allies
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Hubert Lyautey
2278:
2276:Charles Mangin
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2260:Beni Ouryaghel
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1945:Carrero Blanco
1942:
1936:
1934:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Sánchez-Guerra
1814:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Vega de Armijo
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:González Bravo
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1425:González Bravo
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1212:
1188:
1160:
1154:
1137:
1115:(5). Melilla:
1097:
1072:
1062:(3): 119–138.
1047:
1041:
1017:
1001:
973:
967:
939:
933:
910:
909:
903:
902:
900:, p. 688.
890:
867:
855:
841:
829:
817:
815:, p. 267.
802:
790:
775:
773:, p. 109.
763:
761:, p. 120.
751:
749:, p. 432.
739:
722:
710:
698:
696:, p. 175.
686:
667:
666:
665:
664:
659:
656:
449:Count of Xauen
336:
333:
325:Prime Minister
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
289:
285:
284:
271:
269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
238:
232:
231:
222:
220:Prime Minister
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
195:
194:
189:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
163:
161:Prime Minister
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
136:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
84:
83:
77:
76:
73:
72:
64:
63:
60:Count of Xauen
57:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2553:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:José Sanjurjo
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:French allies
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Ma al-'Aynayn
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Alcalá-Zamora
1854:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1832:Aznar-Cabañas
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:García Prieto
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Ruiz Zorrilla
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Ruiz Zorrilla
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Bravo Murillo
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:García Goyena
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Gómez Becerra
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
987:(6). Getafe:
986:
979:
974:
970:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
930:
926:
919:
918:
912:
911:
907:
906:
899:
894:
886:
885:
880:
874:
872:
865:, p. 81.
864:
859:
851:
845:
839:, p. 22.
838:
833:
827:, p. 99.
826:
821:
814:
809:
807:
800:, p. 23.
799:
794:
788:, p. 97.
787:
782:
780:
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
729:
727:
719:
714:
708:, p. 98.
707:
702:
695:
690:
682:
678:
672:
668:
662:
661:
655:
653:
648:
646:
642:
641:Jaca uprising
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
593:
587:
585:
580:
576:
572:
567:
563:
562:
555:
550:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:
524:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
477:coup de grâce
473:
469:
461:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:Kert campaign
396:
395:
389:
387:
383:
373:
368:
364:
359:
355:
353:
348:
346:
342:
332:
330:
326:
322:
321:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
290:
286:
283:
279:
275:4 August 1873
270:
266:
261:
257:
254:
251:
245:
242:
239:
233:
230:
226:
223:
217:
214:
211:
207:
201:
196:
193:
190:
184:
181:
180:Julio Ardanaz
178:
172:
169:
164:
158:
155:
152:
148:
142:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
118:
115:
112:
106:
103:
100:
96:
90:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2352:
2225:Ali Amhaouch
2215:Moha ou Said
1992:Calvo-Sotelo
1979:
1949:
1826:
1809:
1737:
1646:
1634:
1607:
1590:
1454:
1377:
1355:
1328:
1280:
1226:the original
1199:
1171:
1145:
1112:
1108:
1080:
1059:
1055:
1031:. Alicante:
1028:
1012:
984:
946:
916:
908:Bibliography
893:
882:
858:
844:
832:
820:
813:Balfour 2010
793:
766:
754:
742:
713:
701:
689:
680:
671:
649:
630:
625:
621:
614:
609:
605:
601:
595:
588:
581:
577:
559:
558:, a quad of
548:Cuadrilátero
547:
542:
529:
525:
520:
510:
497:
493:
489:
486:africanistas
485:
475:
465:
441:Alfonso XIII
436:
426:
415:
392:
390:
385:
379:
362:
349:
338:
329:Alfonso XIII
317:
316:
248:Succeeded by
213:Alfonso XIII
199:
192:Manuel Azaña
187:Succeeded by
154:Alfonso XIII
140:
121:Succeeded by
102:Alfonso XIII
88:
45:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
2491:1953 deaths
2486:1873 births
2240:Abd el-Krim
1997:F. González
1931:(1936–1975)
1881:Chapaprieta
1847:(1931–1939)
1704:(1874–1931)
1648:Mendigorría
1582:(1868–1874)
1497:Mendigorría
1410:J. M. López
1400:A. González
1368:A. González
1295:(1833–1868)
1206:: 165–186.
681:Melilla Hoy
597:dictablanda
569: [
552: [
543:abandonista
504:during the
482:Restoration
451:in reward.
370: [
304:Nationality
236:Preceded by
175:Preceded by
109:Preceded by
2480:Categories
2186:Key people
1967:Since 1975
1435:Miraflores
1178:: 99–122.
1119:: 97–106.
1087:: 59–116.
923:. Madrid:
658:References
561:Africanist
2326:Spaniards
2193:Moroccans
1827:Berenguer
1790:Romanones
1780:Canalejas
1739:Azcárraga
1552:O'Donnell
1532:O'Donnell
1512:O'Donnell
1507:Espartero
1492:Sartorius
1456:Salamanca
1445:Sotomayor
1390:Espartero
1336:Espartero
1330:Calatrava
1222:1130-314X
1202:. Gijón:
1184:1579-3311
1133:0213-7925
1093:0048-7694
1068:2254-6111
997:1138-7319
663:Citations
654:in 1953.
606:dictadura
521:vis-à-vis
498:impunists
437:protegees
363:regulares
335:Biography
200:In office
141:In office
89:In office
42:Berenguer
2402:Treaties
2250:Aït Atta
2007:Zapatero
1981:Santiago
1811:Bugallal
1718:Jovellar
1674:Castelar
1669:Salmerón
1659:Figueras
1625:Malcampo
1537:Arrazola
1487:Lersundi
1379:Cortázar
637:Republic
566:Federico
490:junteros
470:and the
388:(1909).
32:In this
2255:Zayanes
2130:Battles
2017:Sánchez
1896:Casares
1886:Portela
1866:Lerroux
1760:Montero
1745:Silvela
1728:Sagasta
1713:Cánovas
1689:Sagasta
1679:Serrano
1642:Serrano
1630:Sagasta
1615:Serrano
1598:Serrano
1557:Narváez
1547:Narváez
1527:Istúriz
1517:Narváez
1482:Roncali
1472:Clonard
1467:Narváez
1450:Pacheco
1440:Narváez
1430:Narváez
1420:Olózaga
1341:Bardají
1324:Istúriz
1281:italics
884:El País
506:Rif War
460:Franzen
433:Chaouen
352:Morocco
307:Spanish
209:Monarch
165:Himself
150:Monarch
98:Monarch
38:surname
2453:Crises
2269:French
1987:Suárez
1940:Franco
1916:Negrín
1891:Barcía
1876:Samper
1733:Posada
1636:Topete
1609:Topete
1567:Havana
1522:Armero
1395:Ferrer
1385:Sancho
1373:Ferraz
1309:Toreno
1220:
1210:
1200:Entemu
1182:
1152:
1131:
1109:Aldaba
1091:
1066:
1039:
995:
965:
931:
652:Madrid
622:El Sol
602:blanda
367:Campúa
294:Madrid
2012:Rajoy
2002:Aznar
1975:Arias
1957:Arias
1911:Largo
1906:Giral
1861:Azaña
1800:Maura
1765:Moret
1755:Maura
1592:Madoz
1502:Rivas
1405:Rodil
1357:Alaix
1351:Frías
1314:Álava
1271:Spain
1229:(PDF)
1196:(PDF)
1168:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
1009:(PDF)
981:(PDF)
921:(PDF)
573:]
556:]
374:]
58:1st.
46:Fusté
2084:Wars
1795:Dato
1603:Prim
1218:ISSN
1208:ISBN
1180:ISSN
1150:ISBN
1129:ISSN
1089:ISSN
1064:ISSN
1037:ISBN
993:ISSN
963:ISBN
929:ISBN
610:dura
496:vs.
492:and
488:vs.
288:Died
282:Cuba
268:Born
1542:Mon
1269:of
1121:doi
955:doi
628:".
620:in
533:by
439:of
40:is
2482::
1664:Pi
1216:.
1198:.
1170:.
1127:.
1111:.
1107:.
1079:.
1058:.
1054:.
1035:.
1027:.
1011:.
991:.
983:.
961:.
953:.
949:.
927:.
881:.
870:^
805:^
778:^
725:^
679:.
647:.
608:,
571:es
554:es
424:.
413:.
372:es
354:.
347:.
331:.
296:,
280:,
2051:e
2044:t
2037:v
1283:.
1259:e
1252:t
1245:v
1186:.
1158:.
1135:.
1123::
1113:5
1095:.
1070:.
1060:2
1045:.
1015:.
999:.
971:.
957::
937:.
737:.
376:.
48:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
