1183:
1175:
1224:(MAC) layer security services in its Baseline Privacy Interface specifications. DOCSIS 1.0 used the initial Baseline Privacy Interface (BPI) specification. BPI was later improved with the release of the Baseline Privacy Interface Plus (BPI+) specification used by DOCSIS 1.1 and 2.0. Most recently, a number of enhancements to the Baseline Privacy Interface were added as part of DOCSIS 3.0, and the specification was renamed "Security" (SEC).
25:
1212:, using dedicated wireless links rather than HFC network. At each subscriber premises the ordinary CM is connected to an antenna box which converts to/from microwave frequencies and transmits/receives on 10 GHz. Each customer has a dedicated link but the transmitter mast must be in line of sight (most sites are hilltop).
1140:
Note that the number of channels a cable system can support is dependent on how the cable system is set up. For example, the amount of available bandwidth in each direction, the width of the channels selected in the upstream direction, and hardware constraints limit the maximum amount of channels in
728:
Tables assume 256-QAM modulation for downstream and 64-QAM for upstream on DOCSIS 3.0, and 4096-QAM modulation for OFDM/OFDMA (first downstream/upstream methods) on DOCSIS 3.1, although real-world data rates may be lower due to variable modulation depending on SNR. Higher data rates are possible but
1205:(CPE). The CPE are connected to the cable modem, which is in turn connected through the HFC network to the CMTS. The CMTS then routes traffic between the HFC and the Internet. Using provisioning systems and through the CMTS, the cable operator exercises control over the cable modem's configuration.
684:
The first three versions of the DOCSIS standard support a downstream throughput with 256-QAM of up to 42.88 Mbit/s per 6 MHz channel (approximately 38 Mbit/s after overhead), or 55.62 Mbit/s per 8 MHz channel for EuroDOCSIS (approximately 50 Mbit/s after overhead). The
567:
EuroModem") based on ATM transmission standards. Annex C describes a variant of DOCSIS 1.1 that is designed to operate in
Japanese cable systems. The ITU-T Recommendation J.122 main body corresponds to DOCSIS 2.0, J.122 Annex F corresponds to EuroDOCSIS 2.0, and J.122 Annex J describes the Japanese
519:
standards which specify 6 MHz per channel. The wider channel bandwidth in EuroDOCSIS architectures permits more bandwidth to be allocated to the downstream data path (toward the user). EuroDOCSIS certification testing is executed by
Belgian company Excentis (formerly known as tComLabs), while
1289:
Security in the DOCSIS network is vastly improved when only business critical communications are permitted, and end user communication to the network infrastructure is denied. Successful attacks often occur when the CMTS is configured for backward compatibility with early pre-standard DOCSIS 1.1
1277:
to a customer's account with the cable service operator; and the network allows access only to a cable modem that can attest to that MAC address using a valid certificate issued via the PKI. The earlier BPI specification (ANSI/SCTE 22-2) had limited service protection because the underlying
1153:
Traditional DOCSIS upstream in North
America uses the 5–42 MHz frequency range. The 5–65 MHz range is used by EuroDOCSIS. This is known as a "low-split" or "sub-split" design, capable of a total shared capacity of ~108 Mbit/s upstream (assuming 4 SC-QAM upstream channels).
604:
Upstream: DOCSIS 1.0/1.1 specifies channel widths between 200 kHz and 3.2 MHz. DOCSIS 2.0 & 3.0 specify 6.4 MHz, but can use the earlier, narrower channel widths for backward compatibility. DOCSIS 3.1 uses channel bandwidths of up to 96 MHz in the
2012:
When a computer user seeks to access the internet, the user's modem will report its MAC address to the ISP, and if the ISP recognizes the modem's MAC address as belonging to a paying subscriber, the ISP will allow the user to access the internet via the ISP's
1144:
Note that the maximum downstream bandwidth on all versions of DOCSIS depends on the version of DOCSIS used and the number of upstream channels used if DOCSIS 3.0 is used, but the upstream channel widths are independent of whether DOCSIS or EuroDOCSIS is used.
657:(TDMA) for DOCSIS 1.0/1.1 and both TDMA and S-CDMA for DOCSIS 2.0 and 3.0, with a limited use of contention for bandwidth reservation requests. In TDMA, a cable modem requests a time to transmit and the CMTS grants it an available time slot.
368:
formed the Data
Standards Subcommittee to begin work on establishing national standards for high-speed data over cable plant. July 1997: SCTE DSS voted in the affirmative on document DSS 97-2. This standard is based on the well-known
322:
Improves DOCSIS 3.1 to use the full spectrum of the cable plant (0 MHz to ~1.8 GHz) at the same time in both upstream and downstream directions. This technology enables multi-gigabit symmetrical services while retaining
621:
J.83-Annex B standard for 6 MHz channel operation, and the DVB-C modulation standard for 8 MHz (EuroDOCSIS) operation. DOCSIS 3.1 adds 16-QAM, 128-QAM, 512-QAM, 1024-QAM, 2048-QAM and 4096-QAM, with optional support of
536:(ITU-T) has approved the various versions of DOCSIS as international standards. DOCSIS 1.0 was ratified as ITU-T Recommendation J.112 Annex B (1998), but it was superseded by DOCSIS 1.1 which was ratified as ITU-T Recommendation
498:
As frequency allocation bandwidth plans differ between United States and
European CATV systems, DOCSIS standards earlier than 3.1 have been modified for use in Europe. These modifications were published under the name
685:
upstream throughput possible is 30.72 Mbit/s per 6.4 MHz channel (approximately 27 Mbit/s after overhead), or 10.24 Mbit/s per 3.2 MHz channel (approximately 9 Mbit/s after overhead).
600:
Downstream: All versions of DOCSIS earlier than 3.1 use either 6 MHz channels (e.g. North
America) or 8 MHz channels ("EuroDOCSIS"). DOCSIS 3.1 uses channel bandwidths of up to 192 MHz in the
275:
First released in
October 2013, and subsequently updated several times, the DOCSIS 3.1 suite of specifications support capacities of up to 10 Gbit/s downstream and 1 Gbit/s upstream using 4096
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
1273:(CAs) of the certification testers, currently Excentis (formerly known as tComLabs) for EuroDOCSIS and CableLabs for DOCSIS. Typically, the cable service operator manually adds the cable modem's
1692:
1157:
In recent years, cable operators have begun to increase the amount of bandwidth dedicated to the upstream. The two most popular options for this include a "mid-split" or "high-split".
373:
specification. The standard was also submitted to
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T) and has been adopted as ITU-T J.112 Annex B.
327:
with DOCSIS 3.1. CableLabs released the full specification in
October 2017. Previously branded as DOCSIS 3.1 Full Duplex, these technologies have been rebranded as part of DOCSIS 4.0.
308:, broadband provider Comcast announced in February 2016 that several cities within its footprint will have DOCSIS 3.1 availability before the end of the year. At the end of 2016,
1163:
A high-split increases the upstream frequency range to 5–204 MHz, supporting a total shared upstream capacity of ~1.5 Gbit/s (assuming 4 SC-QAM + OFDMA channels).
1160:
A mid-split increases the upstream frequency range to 5–85 MHz, supporting a total shared upstream capacity of ~450 Mbit/s (assuming 4 SC-QAM + OFDMA channels).
1257:
BPI/SEC is intended to allow cable service operators to refuse service to uncertified cable modems and unauthorized users. BPI+ strengthened service protection by adding
1227:
The intent of the BPI/SEC specifications is to describe MAC layer security services for DOCSIS CMTS to cable modem communications. BPI/SEC security goals are twofold:
1553:
2107:
629:
or 16-level QAM (16-QAM) for DOCSIS 1.x, while QPSK, 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM are used for DOCSIS 2.0 and 3.0. DOCSIS 2.0 and 3.0 also support 128-QAM with
1834:
733:(MER). DOCSIS 3.1 was designed to support up to 8192-QAM/16,384-QAM, but only support of up through 4096-QAM is mandatory to meet the minimum DOCSIS 3.1 standards.
1512:"Active Queue Management (AQM) Based on Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced (PIE) for Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) Cable Modems"
1913:
1436:
1238:
Provide cable service operators with service protection (i.e. prevent unauthorized modems and users from gaining access to the network's RF MAC services)
1758:
1981:
1166:
DOCSIS 4.0 in both full-duplex (FDX) and extended spectrum DOCSIS (ESD) configurations will support upstream speeds surpassing 5 Gbit/s.
563:
Note: While ITU-T Recommendation J.112 Annex B corresponds to DOCSIS/EuroDOCSIS 1.1, Annex A describes an earlier
European cable modem system ("
1652:
250:
Released in December 2001, DOCSIS 2.0 enhanced upstream data rates in response to increased demand for symmetric services such as IP telephony.
641:
equivalent to that of 64-QAM). DOCSIS 3.1 supports data modulations from QPSK up to 1024-QAM, with optional support for 2048-QAM and 4096-QAM.
693:
365:
1783:
533:
1720:
285:
1554:"Comcast to Introduce World's First DOCSIS 3.1-Powered Gigabit Internet Service in Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Miami, and Nashville"
1380:
1354:
1579:
1290:
modems. These modems were "software upgradeable in the field", but did not include valid DOCSIS or EuroDOCSIS root certificates.
261:
Released in August 2006, DOCSIS 3.0 significantly increased data rates (both upstream and downstream) and introduced support for
664:(QoS) features that help to efficiently support applications that have specific traffic requirements such as low latency, e.g.
692:
of up to 1.89 Gbit/s per 192 MHz OFDM channel. The upstream throughput possible is 0.94 Gbit/s per 96 MHz
2028:
626:
2087:
130:) is an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-bandwidth data transfer to an existing
675:, which enables multiple downstream and upstream channels to be used together at the same time by a single subscriber.
108:
89:
1032:
For DOCSIS 3.0, the theoretical maximum throughput for the number of bonded channels are listed in the table below.
1806:
1747:
61:
2000:
1443:
1605:
614:
277:
300:
features that will enable the cable industry to reduce its energy usage, and the DOCSIS-PIE algorithm to reduce
2097:
1195:
1187:
46:
68:
1536:
1316:
1194:
A DOCSIS architecture includes two primary components: a cable modem located at the customer premises, and a
654:
296:
inside a block spectrum that could end up being about 200 MHz wide. DOCSIS 3.1 technology also includes
712:
The 'DOCSIS 2.0 + IPv6' specification allowed support for IPv6 on DOCSIS 2.0 modems via a firmware upgrade.
312:
announced it would become the first major U.S. cable company to fully transition to the DOCSIS 3.1 platform.
1251:
1406:
1319: – International standards consortium that publishes specifications for networking over coaxial cable
2031:
This Rohde & Schwarz application note discusses the fundamental technological advances of DOCSIS 3.1.
1202:
521:
262:
370:
75:
564:
1859:
1311:
1266:
453:
Significantly increased downstream and upstream data rates, introduced support for IPv6, introduced
344:
over an HFC. In 1995, Multimedia Cable Network System (MCNS) was formed. The original partners were
1724:
1333:
1247:
345:
57:
653:
DOCSIS employs a mixture of deterministic access methods for upstream transmissions, specifically
2102:
1885:
1791:
42:
35:
473:
Significantly increased downstream and upstream data rates, restructured channel specifications
2092:
1630:
1299:
730:
324:
1325: – Device or point within a network capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting data
1270:
361:
341:
135:
1221:
221:
Released in March 1997, DOCSIS 1.0 included functional elements from preceding proprietary
139:
8:
1490:
1384:
1258:
1242:
BPI/SEC is intended to prevent cable users from listening to each other. It does this by
638:
1358:
1305:
1182:
689:
661:
630:
236:
174:
1945:(Technical report). CableLabs. Physical Layer Specification. CM-SP-PHYv3.1-I19-211110.
1381:"CableLabs Selects Broadcom and Terayon to Author Advanced Modem Technology Proposals"
1956:
1670:
1322:
706:
511:
standards of 8 MHz RF channel bandwidth and North American cable TV conforms to
503:. The differences between the bandwidths exist because European cable TV conforms to
349:
202:
198:
82:
613:
Downstream: All versions of DOCSIS prior to 3.1 specify that 64-level or 256-level
297:
293:
154:
131:
1983:
Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications DOCSIS 3.0 Security Specification
1174:
672:
585:
454:
281:
1208:
DOCSIS 2.0 was also used over microwave frequencies (10 GHz) in Ireland by
1989:(Technical report). CableLabs. 2006–2013. p. 87. CM-SP-SECv3.0-I15-130808.
1283:
1279:
581:
540:
Annex B (2001). Subsequently, DOCSIS 2.0 was ratified as ITU-T Recommendation
2081:
1914:"Comcast, Charter Take DOCSIS 4.0 and '10G' a Step Toward Commercial Reality"
1495:
1414:
665:
305:
178:
1262:
1232:
688:
DOCSIS 3.1 supports a downstream throughput with 4096-QAM and 25 kHz
545:
1328:
1274:
1246:
data flows between the CMTS and the cable modem. BPI and BPI+ use 56-bit
617:(64-QAM or 256-QAM) be used for modulation of downstream data, using the
524:
receives "certification", while CMTS equipment receives "qualification".
337:
301:
222:
150:
1807:"IPv6 and Cable: How Cable is managing the transition from IPv4 to IPv6"
544:. Most recently, DOCSIS 3.0 was ratified as ITU-T Recommendation J.222 (
541:
537:
134:(CATV) system. It is used by many cable television operators to provide
1243:
557:
553:
549:
289:
1511:
1254:(AES). The AES key, however, is protected only by a 1024-bit RSA key.
1437:"Cable Modem Termination System–Network Side Interface Specification"
1355:"Five Modem Makers' Systems Considered for Cable Data Specifications"
577:
146:
24:
2034:
357:
309:
280:. The new specifications eliminated 6 MHz and 8 MHz wide
186:
170:
158:
1884:
Howald, Robert; Wolcott, Larry; Ellis, Leslie (October 11, 2021).
520:
DOCSIS certification testing is executed by CableLabs. Typically,
1468:
1209:
729:
require higher order QAM schemes which require higher downstream
660:
For DOCSIS 1.1 and above, the data layer also includes extensive
353:
194:
190:
166:
16:
Standard for computer networking over a cable television system
2001:"United States v. Ryan Harris a.k.a. DerEngel and TCNISO, Inc"
1721:"CableLabs Issues DOCSIS 3.0 Specifications Enabling 160 Mbps"
634:
618:
508:
182:
162:
1407:"Data-over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)"
716:
516:
512:
284:
and instead use narrower (25 kHz or 50 kHz wide)
1336: – Bundles of wires used for transmitting information
504:
568:
variant of DOCSIS 2.0 (analogous to Annex C of J.112).
487:
Significantly increased upstream rates from DOCSIS 3.1
1606:"CableLabs Completes Full Duplex DOCSIS Specification"
1201:
The customer PC and associated peripherals are termed
1250:(DES) encryption, while SEC adds support for 128-bit
785:
Minimum number of channels that hardware must support
773:
Minimum number of channels that hardware must support
1537:"Active Queue Management in DOCSIS 3.x Cable Modems"
1887:
Execute the Upstream Makeover without Leaving Scars
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1883:
1625:
1623:
1429:
576:DOCSIS provides a variety of options available at
239:(QoS) mechanisms that were outlined in DOCSIS 1.0.
1693:"Understanding Data Throughput in a DOCSIS World"
1461:
2108:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1997
2079:
1715:
1713:
1671:"Recommendation J.83 (1997) Amendment 1 (11/06)"
235:Released in April 1999, DOCSIS 1.1 standardized
1620:
1357:. CableLabs. September 23, 1996. Archived from
124:Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
1879:
1877:
1383:. CableLabs. November 13, 1998. Archived from
1302: – Communications technical specification
1937:
1935:
1710:
534:ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
1911:
1874:
1860:"Band Splits 101: Splitting Our Way to 10G"
1580:"Mediacom Going All DOCSIS 3.1 by Year-End"
1016:Dependent on OFDMA channel bandwidth in MHz
422:Added VOIP capabilities and QoS mechanisms
1932:
971:Dependent on OFDM channel bandwidth in MHz
958:Dependent on OFDM channel bandwidth in MHz
737:Maximum raw throughput including overhead
527:
286:orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1181:
1173:
493:
2080:
1804:
1603:
1491:"DOCSIS 3.1 Targets 10-Gig Downstream"
149:and contributing companies, including
782:Minimum selectable number of channels
770:Minimum selectable number of channels
1912:Baumgartner, Jeff (April 29, 2022).
1764:from the original on August 15, 2017
1745:
1509:
1308: – Telecommunication technology
1198:(CMTS) located at the CATV headend.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
145:DOCSIS was originally developed by
13:
1748:"DOCSIS What's Next - An Overview"
1604:Hamzeh, Belal (October 11, 2017).
647:
14:
2119:
2041:
2022:
715:DOCSIS 3.0 added management over
705:DOCSIS modems are managed via an
591:
699:
364:joined the group. In June 1996,
23:
1993:
1974:
1949:
1905:
1852:
1827:
1798:
1776:
1739:
1685:
1663:
1645:
1597:
1572:
1231:Provide cable modem users with
759:EuroDOCSIS throughput in Mbit/s
723:
34:needs additional citations for
1814:Rocky Mountain IPV6 Task Force
1546:
1529:
1503:
1483:
1399:
1373:
1347:
1196:cable modem termination system
1188:cable modem termination system
1:
1957:"Wireless Broadband Internet"
1862:. CableLabs. December 9, 2021
1805:Torbet, Dan (April 9, 2008).
1340:
1317:Multimedia over Coax Alliance
679:
655:time-division multiple access
625:Upstream: Upstream data uses
436:Enhanced upstream data rates
331:
1261:based authentication to its
1252:Advanced Encryption Standard
1169:
578:Open Systems Interconnection
388:Maximum downstream capacity
7:
2088:Cable television technology
1723:. CableLabs. Archived from
1442:. CableLabs. Archived from
1293:
1215:
1203:customer-premises equipment
1148:
1034:
791:Maximum number of channels
788:Selected number of channels
776:Selected number of channels
756:DOCSIS throughput in Mbit/s
735:
571:
522:customer premises equipment
340:was chartered to develop a
263:Internet Protocol version 6
208:
10:
2124:
779:Maximum number of channels
391:Maximum upstream capacity
377:DOCSIS version comparison
2073:DOCSIS 4.0 specifications
2068:DOCSIS 3.1 specifications
2063:DOCSIS 3.0 specifications
2058:DOCSIS 2.0 specifications
2053:DOCSIS 1.1 specifications
2048:DOCSIS 1.0 specifications
1312:List of device bandwidths
1267:public key infrastructure
1119:
1074:
1043:
1040:
1037:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
747:
744:
741:
580:(OSI) layers 1 and 2—the
466:
407:
404:
1510:Greg, White; Rong, Pan.
1334:Telecommunications cable
1286:the user's cable modem.
1269:(PKI), based on digital
1248:Data Encryption Standard
1235:across the cable network
1178:A DOCSIS 3.0 cable modem
637:mode (with an effective
631:trellis coded modulation
1839:BroadbandTechReport.com
1631:"DOCSIS 4.0 Technology"
1271:certificate authorities
528:International standards
1920:. Louisville, Colorado
1893:. Cable-Tec Expo. SCTE
1784:"DOCSIS 2.0 Interface"
1300:DOCSIS Set-top Gateway
1191:
1179:
731:modulation error ratio
325:backward compatibility
142:(HFC) infrastructure.
2098:ITU-T recommendations
1794:on September 4, 2009.
1185:
1177:
1041:Downstream throughput
765:Throughput in Mbit/s
762:Channel configuration
753:Channel configuration
136:cable Internet access
2037:(2009) at Volpe Firm
1727:on November 20, 2010
1222:media access control
1044:Upstream throughput
671:DOCSIS 3.0 features
494:European alternative
342:media access control
140:hybrid fiber-coaxial
138:over their existing
43:improve this article
1657:Rohde & Schwarz
1653:"DOCSIS Technology"
1411:Community.Cisco.com
1387:on October 11, 2013
1361:on October 21, 2002
1259:digital certificate
1026: × 30.72
918: × 30.72
738:
639:spectral efficiency
622:8192-QAM/16384-QAM.
378:
1560:. February 2, 2016
1449:on August 17, 2016
1306:Ethernet over coax
1265:protocol, using a
1192:
1180:
1038:Number of channels
981: × 55.62
968: × 42.88
937:32 SC-QAM channels
898: × 55.62
892: × 42.88
736:
690:subcarrier spacing
662:quality-of-service
376:
356:, and Cox. Later,
237:quality of service
1961:Ogier Electronics
1755:SCTE-SanDiego.org
1323:Node (networking)
1282:protocol did not
1138:
1137:
1030:
1029:
995:8 SC-QAM channels
707:Internet Protocol
491:
490:
358:Continental Cable
350:Time Warner Cable
203:Texas Instruments
199:Time Warner Cable
119:
118:
111:
93:
2115:
2016:
2015:
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1790:. Archived from
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1774:
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1752:
1746:Sinclair, Dave.
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1469:"Specifications"
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1366:
1351:
1220:DOCSIS includes
1141:each direction.
1134:1779.712 Mbit/s
1035:
991:2 OFDMA channels
988:1 SC-QAM channel
930:1 SC-QAM channel
739:
586:data link layers
470:1–2 Gbit/s
450:200 Mbit/s
411:Initial release
385:Production date
379:
375:
319:
318:
298:power-management
272:
271:
258:(abbreviated D3)
257:
256:
247:(abbreviated D2)
246:
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232:
231:
218:
217:
155:BigBand Networks
132:cable television
114:
107:
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100:
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51:
27:
19:
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2035:DOCSIS Tutorial
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1673:. November 2006
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1418:
1417:. March 1, 2019
1405:
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1379:
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1364:
1362:
1353:
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1296:
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1172:
1151:
1117:1334.784 Mbit/s
1024:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1004:
1002:
994:
992:
987:
985:
984:1 OFDMA channel
979:
974:
972:
966:
961:
959:
951:
946:
944:
936:
934:
933:2 OFDM channels
929:
927:
926:1 OFDM channel
726:
702:
682:
673:channel bonding
650:
648:Data link layer
597:Channel width:
594:
574:
530:
496:
467:10 Gbit/s
455:channel bonding
433:30 Mbit/s
408:10 Mbit/s
405:40 Mbit/s
382:DOCSIS version
334:
316:
315:
292:; these can be
282:channel spacing
269:
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52:
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40:
28:
17:
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5:
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2103:Link protocols
2100:
2095:
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2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2042:Specifications
2040:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2023:External links
2021:
2018:
2017:
1992:
1973:
1948:
1931:
1904:
1873:
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1788:CableModem.com
1775:
1738:
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1528:
1516:Tools.IETF.org
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1280:key management
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1131:1372.16 Mbit/s
1129:
1126:
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1120:245.76 Mbit/s
1118:
1115:
1114:1029.12 Mbit/s
1112:
1109:
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1103:889.92 Mbit/s
1101:
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1089:444.96 Mbit/s
1087:
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1073:
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592:Physical layer
590:
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570:
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526:
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484:6 Gbit/s
482:
479:
475:
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468:
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451:
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447:1 Gbit/s
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6:
4:
3:
2:
2120:
2109:
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2093:Digital cable
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2027:
2026:
2014:
2010:. p. 2.
2009:
2002:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1944:
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1936:
1919:
1918:Light Reading
1915:
1908:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1878:
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1584:Light Reading
1581:
1575:
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1498:
1497:
1496:Light Reading
1492:
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1416:
1415:Cisco Systems
1412:
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1386:
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1133:
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1127:
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1123:
1116:
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1100:686.08 Mbit/s
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:343.04 Mbit/s
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1072:222.48 Mbit/s
1071:
1069:171.52 Mbit/s
1068:
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768:
751:
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734:
732:
718:
714:
711:
709:(IP) address.
708:
704:
703:
700:Network layer
697:
695:
691:
686:
674:
670:
667:
666:voice over IP
663:
659:
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306:United States
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173:, Correlant,
172:
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102:
99:November 2021
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1982:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1942:
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1886:
1864:. Retrieved
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:
1829:
1819:February 12,
1817:. Retrieved
1813:
1800:
1792:the original
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1754:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1702:February 21,
1700:. Retrieved
1696:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1610:. Retrieved
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:
1574:
1564:February 15,
1562:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1542:. CableLabs.
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1505:
1494:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1410:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1349:
1288:
1284:authenticate
1263:key exchange
1256:
1241:
1233:data privacy
1226:
1219:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1031:
1020:
1005:
998:
975:
962:
947:
940:
915:
907:
895:
889:
881:
727:
687:
683:
610:Modulation:
575:
562:
531:
500:
497:
335:
223:cable modems
144:
127:
123:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1966:December 5,
1835:"StackPath"
1731:December 2,
1633:. CableLabs
1608:. CableLabs
1589:December 2,
1475:December 2,
1471:. CableLabs
1329:PacketCable
1275:MAC address
1058:EuroDOCSIS
1013:Not defined
955:Not defined
912:Not defined
886:Not defined
601:downstream.
302:bufferbloat
290:subcarriers
2082:Categories
2029:DOCSIS 3.1
1943:DOCSIS 3.1
1341:References
1244:encrypting
1049:Downstream
745:Downstream
724:Throughput
680:Throughput
501:EuroDOCSIS
332:Comparison
317:DOCSIS 4.0
270:DOCSIS 3.1
255:DOCSIS 3.0
244:DOCSIS 2.0
230:DOCSIS 1.1
216:DOCSIS 1.0
69:newspapers
1521:April 12,
1421:April 15,
1391:April 15,
1365:April 15,
1170:Equipment
748:Upstream
696:channel.
605:upstream.
394:Features
336:In 1994,
304:. In the
147:CableLabs
2013:network.
1924:June 26,
1897:June 26,
1866:June 25,
1844:June 25,
1768:March 6,
1759:Archived
1677:June 20,
1637:March 7,
1612:June 17,
1453:July 27,
1294:See also
1216:Security
1149:Upstream
1052:Upstream
582:physical
572:Features
310:Mediacom
209:Versions
187:Motorola
179:Harmonic
171:Conexant
159:Broadcom
58:"DOCSIS"
1210:Digiweb
742:Version
558:J.222.3
554:J.222.2
550:J.222.1
546:J.222.0
354:Comcast
288:(OFDM)
265:(IPv6).
195:Terayon
191:Netgear
167:Comcast
83:scholar
1190:(CMTS)
1055:DOCSIS
867:30.72
829:10.24
635:S-CDMA
371:DOCSIS
362:Rogers
338:802.14
294:bonded
201:, and
128:DOCSIS
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2008:Wired
2004:(PDF)
1987:(PDF)
1891:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
1762:(PDF)
1751:(PDF)
1697:Cisco
1540:(PDF)
1447:(PDF)
1440:(PDF)
852:55.62
849:42.88
814:55.62
811:42.88
694:OFDMA
619:ITU-T
542:J.122
538:J.112
509:DVB-C
481:2017
464:2013
444:2006
430:2002
419:2001
402:1997
183:Intel
163:Cisco
151:Arris
90:JSTOR
76:books
1968:2023
1926:2022
1899:2022
1868:2022
1846:2022
1821:2015
1770:2023
1733:2017
1704:2024
1679:2013
1639:2023
1614:2019
1591:2017
1566:2016
1523:2021
1477:2017
1455:2016
1423:2023
1393:2023
1367:2023
1018:plus
973:plus
960:plus
717:IPv6
627:QPSK
584:and
532:The
517:ATSC
513:NTSC
478:4.0
461:3.1
441:3.0
427:2.0
416:1.1
399:1.0
366:SCTE
360:and
62:news
993:and
935:and
923:3.1
872:3.0
834:2.0
796:1.x
633:in
615:QAM
565:DVB
560:).
505:PAL
346:TCI
278:QAM
175:Cox
45:by
2084::
2006:.
1959:.
1934:^
1916:.
1876:^
1837:.
1812:.
1786:.
1757:.
1753:.
1712:^
1695:.
1655:.
1622:^
1582:.
1556:.
1514:.
1493:.
1413:.
1409:.
1186:A
1125:32
1108:24
1094:16
986:or
928:or
588:.
556:,
552:,
548:,
352:,
348:,
205:.
197:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
169:,
165:,
161:,
157:,
153:,
1970:.
1928:.
1901:.
1870:.
1848:.
1823:.
1772:.
1735:.
1706:.
1681:.
1659:.
1641:.
1616:.
1593:.
1568:.
1525:.
1499:.
1479:.
1457:.
1425:.
1395:.
1369:.
1128:8
1111:8
1097:4
1083:4
1080:8
1066:4
1063:4
1023:2
1021:n
1008:2
1006:n
1001:1
999:n
978:2
976:m
965:2
963:m
950:2
948:m
943:1
941:m
916:n
908:n
904:4
901:1
896:m
890:m
882:m
878:4
875:1
864:1
861:1
858:1
855:1
846:1
843:1
840:1
837:1
826:1
823:1
820:1
817:1
808:1
805:1
802:1
799:1
719:.
668:.
515:/
507:/
225:.
126:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
