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Hällestad Runestones

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1180: 732: 28: 161:, who died c. 958 or 959. This Toki is not remembered by the Norse sagas but, unlike the sagas, the runestones constitute contemporary documentation. Also notable is that the stone reports that the men went closest to Toki, meaning that the best warriors formed a shield circle around the warchief during battle in order to show fealty to their leader (compare with the 111: 146: 1164:: oskautr : ristþi : stin : þansi (:) ¶ (:) (i)ftiʀ : airu : brþur : sin : ian : ¶ : saʀ : uas : him:þiki : tuka : nu : ¶ : skal : stato : stin : o : biarki : 122:
runestone, which is walled into the south-western corner of the church of Hällestad, has been known since the late 17th century. The inscription begins in the left row on the front side and follows the
456:: askil : sati : stin : þansi : ift ¶ : tuka : kurms : sun : saʀ : hulan : ¶ trutin : saʀ : flu : aigi : at : ub:¶:salum 755:), meaning "home-receiver" (i.e., one who is given a house by another). A total of six runestones in Denmark refer to a person with this title, the others besides DR 296 and DR 297 being 1167:{} Asgotr {} resþi {} sten {} þænsi {} {} {} æftiʀ {} Ærru, {} broþur {} sin. {} Æn {} {} {} saʀ {} was {} hemþægi {} Toka. {} Nu {} {} {} skal {} standa {} sten {} a {} biargi. {} 157:
warbands consisted of brotherhoods, where each member had equal worth, including the warchief who in this case was Toki Gormsson. Toki was probably the son of the Danish king
153:). An interesting detail is the fact that it calls Toki Gormsson "brother", which should be interpreted as "brother-in-arms" and not a biological brother. The 90:, c. 985. The other stones were raised by the same people, and they probably formed a monument together in memory of comrades lost in the battle. The 2162: 2068: 459:{} Æskel {} satti {} sten {} þænsi {} æftiʀ {} {} Toka {} Gorms {} sun, {} seʀ {} hullan {} {} drottin. {} Saʀ {} flo {} ægi {} at {} Upsalum 17: 66:
identifiers are DR 295, 296, and 297. DR 295 is notable because it is held to be raised in memory of a warrior who fell in the legendary
1932: 1384:: osbiurn : him:þaki : tuka : sati : stin ¶ : þasi : iftiʀ : tuka : bruþur : sin : 646:
satu : trikaʀ : iftiʀ : sin : bruþr ¶ stin : o : biarki : stuþan : runum : þiʀ :
2137: 1769: 1765: 1445: 2106: 1962: 1874: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1605: 1170:Ásgautr raised this stone in memory of Erra, his brother. And he was Tóki's retainer. Now the stone will stand on the hill. 1990: 1749: 1745: 1741: 2157: 1573: 1490: 1789: 1773: 1737: 1733: 1549: 2172: 1866: 1777: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1644: 783:
are in the service of a king or lord, of whom they receive gifts (here, homes) for their service. Some, like
1697: 2006: 1966: 1928: 1854: 1785: 1781: 462:Áskell placed this stone in memory of Tóki Gormr's son, to him a faithful lord. He did not flee at Uppsala. 67: 2002: 149:), which is however only for decorative purposes since it does not change the pronunciation (compare the 2019: 1974: 1890: 760: 1915: 1598: 1387:{} Æsbiorn, {} hemþægi {} Toka, {} satti {} sten {} {} þæssi {} æftiʀ {} Toka, {} broþur {} sin. {} 2027: 1803: 763:, DR 154, and DR 155. The use of the term in the inscriptions suggest a strong similarity between 1986: 1544: 1539: 1534: 2039: 1907: 1529: 649:
sattu {} drængiaʀ {} æftiʀ {} sin {} broþur {} sten {} a {} biargi {} støþan {} runum. {} Þeʀ {}
79: 1666: 127:
order of reading. The inscription is dated to the late 10th century, and shows an early dotted
2084: 1639: 2064: 1482:
Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse
784: 652:
Valiant men placed in memory of their brother the stone on the hill, steadied by runes. They
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Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation)
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as DR 295. Similar to DR 296, the inscription also refers to Ásbjôrn as being Toki's
91: 2060: 2023: 2011: 1982: 1970: 1878: 1870: 1858: 1831: 1676: 1433: 169:
in which the brothers-in-arms buried Toki according to the traditions of the time.
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This runestone is contemporary with the preceding runestones and it is made of
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This runestone is contemporary with the preceding runestone and it is made of
27: 2151: 2052: 756: 124: 1390:Ásbjôrn, Tóki's retainer, placed this stone in memory of Tóki, his brother. 158: 1882: 1799: 2130: 1836: 1192: 154: 75: 1978: 1614: 1188: 776: 177:
First line is transliteration; second is transcription in Old Norse.
119: 43: 55: 2125: 1578: 740: 166: 71: 63: 716:(k)(u)(r)(m)(s) (:) (t)(u)(k)(a) : kiku : (n)(i)(s)(t) 145: 139: 1920: 129: 59: 1583: 1954: 51: 110: 791:
as being nothing more than a local Danish variant of
1485:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 235–37. 2149: 1622:Western route and unspecified expeditions abroad 165:). The hill which is referred to was probably a 50:in Torna-Hällestad, about 20 kilometers east of 1599: 743:. The inscription refers to Erra as Tóki's 1933:Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147 1606: 1592: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 2131:Runic inscriptions online interactive map 1505: 1566:Runor : historia, tydning, tolkning 1525:Arild Hauge's page on Danish runestones. 1499: 1178: 730: 133:-rune which represents the g-phoneme in 109: 26: 2163:Runestones in memory of Viking warriors 2138:Runic transliteration and transcription 1474: 1472: 1460: 1451: 1401: 14: 2150: 1587: 1478: 1438:Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning 1469: 137:It also contains an unusual dotted 24: 1191:. It is probably made by the same 25: 2184: 1518: 719:Gorms {} Toka {} gingu {} næstiʀ. 1202: 798: 144: 34:where the runestones are located 1440:. Göteborgs universitet. CLTS. 1613: 1564:Enoksen, Lars Magnar. (1998). 1427: 172: 13: 1: 1558: 775:(literally, "house man"), or 722:went closest to Gormr's Tóki. 1929:Hargs bro runic inscriptions 1506:Brøndsted, Johannes (1960). 1379: 1371: 1363: 1355: 1347: 1339: 1331: 1323: 1315: 1307: 1299: 1291: 1283: 1275: 1267: 1259: 1251: 1243: 1235: 1227: 1219: 1211: 1159: 1151: 1143: 1135: 1127: 1119: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1087: 1079: 1071: 1063: 1055: 1047: 1039: 1031: 1023: 1015: 1007: 999: 991: 983: 975: 967: 959: 951: 943: 935: 927: 919: 911: 903: 895: 887: 879: 871: 863: 855: 847: 839: 831: 823: 815: 807: 711: 703: 695: 687: 679: 671: 663: 641: 633: 625: 617: 609: 601: 593: 585: 577: 569: 561: 553: 545: 537: 529: 521: 513: 505: 497: 489: 481: 473: 451: 443: 435: 427: 419: 411: 403: 395: 387: 379: 371: 363: 355: 347: 339: 331: 323: 315: 307: 299: 291: 283: 275: 267: 259: 251: 243: 235: 227: 219: 211: 203: 195: 187: 18:Danish Runic Inscription 296 7: 1568:. Historiska Media, Falun. 10: 2189: 1645:Gunnar's bridge runestones 102:may be connected to them. 2158:10th-century inscriptions 2113: 2101: 2077: 1939: 1916:Snottsta and Vreta stones 1845: 1798: 1690: 1653: 1621: 1550:Carl L. Thunberg (2012): 1510:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 1174: 726: 105: 68:Battle of the Fýrisvellir 1394: 46:located in the walls of 1376: 1368: 1360: 1352: 1344: 1336: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1304: 1296: 1288: 1280: 1272: 1264: 1256: 1248: 1240: 1232: 1224: 1216: 1208: 1156: 1148: 1140: 1132: 1124: 1116: 1108: 1100: 1092: 1084: 1076: 1068: 1060: 1052: 1044: 1036: 1028: 1020: 1012: 1004: 996: 988: 980: 972: 964: 956: 948: 940: 932: 924: 916: 908: 900: 892: 884: 876: 868: 860: 852: 844: 836: 828: 820: 812: 804: 708: 700: 692: 684: 676: 668: 660: 638: 630: 622: 614: 606: 598: 590: 582: 574: 566: 558: 550: 542: 534: 526: 518: 510: 502: 494: 486: 478: 470: 448: 440: 432: 424: 416: 408: 400: 392: 384: 376: 368: 360: 352: 344: 336: 328: 320: 312: 304: 296: 288: 280: 272: 264: 256: 248: 240: 232: 224: 216: 208: 200: 192: 184: 1667:Baltic area runestones 1479:Jesch, Judith (2001). 1184: 736: 115: 82:and Styrbjörn's uncle 35: 2085:Jarlabanke Runestones 1804:Battle of Fýrisvellir 1640:Hakon Jarl runestones 1182: 734: 113: 74:, Sweden between the 30: 2173:Runestones in Scania 1925:Broby bro Runestones 1908:Färentuna Runestones 1817:Hällestad Runestones 1661:Varangian runestones 1540:Picture 2 of DR 296. 1535:Picture 1 of DR 296. 1466:Enoksen 1998:111-112 80:Styrbjörn the Strong 40:Hällestad Runestones 2078:Runestone monuments 787:, have interpreted 779:. Like housecarls, 84:Eric the Victorious 2121:List of runestones 2089:Hunnestad Monument 1946:Old Norse religion 1635:England runestones 1545:Picture of DR 297. 1530:Picture of DR 295. 1185: 785:Johannes Brøndsted 737: 116: 36: 2145: 2144: 1827:Karlevi Runestone 1682:Ingvar runestones 1672:Greece runestones 1629:Viking runestones 1446:978-91-981859-5-9 1434:Thunberg, Carl L. 151:Transjö Runestone 92:Karlevi Runestone 16:(Redirected from 2180: 2069:Thorwald's Cross 1846:Viking Age women 1832:Egtved Runestone 1822:Sjörup Runestone 1677:Italy runestones 1608: 1601: 1594: 1585: 1584: 1512: 1511: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1476: 1467: 1464: 1458: 1457:Enoksen 1998:111 1455: 1449: 1431: 1425: 1424:Enoksen 1998:113 1422: 163:Kålsta Runestone 148: 100:Sjörup Runestone 96:Egtved Runestone 48:Hällestad Church 32:Hällestad Church 21: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2133: 2109: 2097: 2073: 2042: 2010:Cursed stones: 2009: 1977: 1944: 1941:Norse mythology 1935: 1918: 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568: 563: 560: 555: 552: 547: 544: 539: 536: 531: 528: 523: 520: 515: 512: 507: 504: 499: 496: 491: 488: 483: 480: 475: 472: 463: 460: 457: 453: 450: 445: 442: 437: 434: 429: 426: 421: 418: 413: 410: 405: 402: 397: 394: 389: 386: 381: 378: 373: 370: 365: 362: 357: 354: 349: 346: 341: 338: 333: 330: 325: 322: 317: 314: 309: 306: 301: 298: 293: 290: 285: 282: 277: 274: 269: 266: 261: 258: 253: 250: 245: 242: 237: 234: 229: 226: 221: 218: 213: 210: 205: 202: 197: 194: 189: 186: 178: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 125:boustrophedon 121: 112: 103: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 33: 29: 19: 2136: 1902: 1816: 1565: 1551: 1507: 1501: 1481: 1462: 1453: 1437: 1429: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1196: 1186: 1169: 1166: 1163: 792: 788: 780: 772: 764: 752: 748: 744: 738: 721: 718: 715: 709:(n)(i)(s)(t) 677:(t)(u)(k)(a) 651: 648: 645: 461: 458: 455: 176: 159:Gorm the Old 138: 134: 128: 117: 39: 37: 2168:Jomsvikings 1800:Jomsvikings 1508:The Vikings 1203:Inscription 799:Inscription 173:Inscription 76:Jomsvikings 58:, southern 2152:Categories 1837:Aars stone 1615:Runestones 1559:References 1193:runemaster 449:ub:¶:salum 155:Viking Age 44:runestones 42:are three 2114:Resources 1957:hallow": 1189:sandstone 781:heimþegar 777:housecarl 769:Old Norse 765:heimþegar 753:heimþegar 120:sandstone 1802:and the 1436:(2012). 1233:him:þaki 1220:Æsbiorn, 1021:him:þiki 789:heimþegi 767:and the 749:heimþegi 490:drængiaʀ 372:drottin. 98:and the 62:. Their 2126:Rundata 2043:Other: 1579:Rundata 1236:hemþægi 1217:osbiurn 1197:hemþægi 1183:DR 297. 1152:biargi. 1024:hemþægi 893:(i)ftiʀ 813:oskautr 793:húskarl 773:húskarl 745:hemþægi 741:granite 735:DR 296. 712:næstiʀ. 452:Upsalum 143:-rune ( 114:DR 295. 78:led by 72:Uppsala 70:, near 64:Rundata 2107:Sö 113 2065:Vg 119 2053:Ög 181 2049:Ög 136 2045:Sö 154 2040:DR 360 2036:DR 357 2032:DR 338 2028:DR 230 2024:DR 209 2007:DR 120 1995:Sö 111 1987:Vg 113 1983:U 1161 1975:DR 220 1971:DR 209 1967:DR 110 1963:Sö 140 1959:Vg 150 1921:Estrid 1899:DR 143 1895:DR 114 1875:Sr 139 1786:DR 330 1782:DR 259 1762:Sö 360 1758:Sö 333 1754:Sö 174 1738:U 1048 1663:(main) 1631:(main) 1572:  1489:  1444:  1380:  1364:  1356:broþur 1353:bruþur 1348:  1332:  1316:  1300:  1292:  1276:  1260:  1244:  1228:  1212:  1175:DR 297 1160:  1149:biarki 1144:  1128:  1112:  1104:standa 1096:  1080:  1072:  1064:  1048:  1032:  1016:  1000:  984:  976:  968:  952:  936:  928:broþur 920:  904:  888:  880:  872:  856:  840:  829:ristþi 824:  816:Asgotr 808:  727:DR 296 704:  688:  672:  642:  626:  618:runum. 610:  602:støþan 599:stuþan 594:  586:biargi 583:biarki 578:  562:  546:  538:broþur 530:  514:  498:  487:trikaʀ 482:  444:  428:  412:  396:  380:  369:trutin 364:  356:  348:hullan 340:  324:  308:  292:  276:  268:  252:  236:  220:  204:  188:  167:barrow 106:DR 295 94:, the 86:, the 60:Sweden 2102:Other 2061:Vg 63 2020:DR 83 2016:DR 81 2012:Vg 67 2003:DR 48 1999:DR 26 1991:Sö 86 1965:(?), 1953:"May 1891:DR 55 1887:N 225 1879:Vg 67 1871:U 861 1867:U 489 1863:U 455 1859:U 337 1851:Vs 24 1790:N 239 1778:G 207 1774:Sm 48 1770:Vg 81 1766:Vg 40 1750:Sö 49 1746:Sö 47 1742:Sö 16 1730:U 954 1726:U 948 1722:U 925 1714:U 614 1710:U 605 1706:U 258 1702:U 158 1698:Nä 29 1395:Notes 1340:Toka, 1324:æftiʀ 1321:iftiʀ 1308:þæssi 1268:satti 1252:Toka, 1101:stato 1040:Toka. 925:brþur 912:Ærru, 896:æftiʀ 864:þænsi 861:þansi 832:resþi 771:term 751:(pl. 696:gingu 664:Gorms 615:runum 535:bruþr 506:æftiʀ 503:iftiʀ 474:sattu 345:hulan 300:Gorms 297:kurms 260:æftiʀ 244:þænsi 241:þansi 212:satti 196:Æskel 193:askil 118:This 56:Skåne 2057:Öl 1 1955:Thor 1883:N 68 1855:U 15 1734:1028 1570:ISBN 1487:ISBN 1442:ISBN 1372:sin. 1337:tuka 1305:þasi 1284:sten 1281:stin 1265:sati 1249:tuka 1120:sten 1117:stin 1088:skal 1085:skal 1037:tuka 944:sin. 909:airu 848:sten 845:stin 761:DR 3 757:DR 1 693:kiku 680:Toka 554:sten 551:stin 471:satu 417:aigi 316:sun, 284:Toka 281:tuka 228:sten 225:stin 209:sati 135:aigi 52:Lund 38:The 2067:, 1943:and 1718:699 1369:sin 1008:was 1005:uas 992:saʀ 989:saʀ 957:ian 941:sin 885:(:) 869:(:) 747:or 669:(:) 634:Þeʀ 631:þiʀ 522:sin 519:sin 420:ægi 404:flo 401:flu 388:Saʀ 385:saʀ 332:seʀ 329:saʀ 313:sun 257:ift 54:in 2154:: 2091:, 2087:, 2063:, 2059:, 2055:, 2051:, 2047:, 2038:, 2034:, 2030:, 2026:, 2022:, 2018:, 2014:, 2005:, 2001:, 1997:, 1993:, 1989:, 1985:, 1981:: 1973:, 1969:, 1961:, 1931:, 1927:, 1923:: 1914:, 1910:, 1906:: 1897:, 1893:, 1889:, 1885:, 1881:, 1877:, 1873:, 1869:, 1865:, 1861:, 1857:, 1853:, 1788:, 1784:, 1780:, 1776:, 1772:, 1768:, 1764:, 1760:, 1756:, 1752:, 1748:, 1744:, 1740:, 1736:, 1732:, 1728:, 1724:, 1720:, 1716:, 1712:, 1708:, 1704:, 1700:, 1471:^ 1403:^ 1199:. 1056:Nu 1053:nu 960:Æn 795:. 759:, 436:at 433:at 1607:e 1600:t 1593:v 1495:. 1448:. 1377:: 1361:: 1345:: 1329:: 1313:: 1297:: 1289:¶ 1273:: 1257:: 1241:: 1225:: 1209:: 1157:: 1141:: 1136:a 1133:o 1125:: 1109:: 1093:: 1077:: 1069:¶ 1061:: 1045:: 1029:: 1013:: 997:: 981:: 973:¶ 965:: 949:: 933:: 917:: 901:: 877:¶ 853:: 837:: 821:: 805:: 701:: 685:: 657:C 639:: 623:: 607:: 591:: 575:: 570:a 567:o 559:: 543:¶ 527:: 511:: 495:: 479:: 467:B 441:: 425:: 409:: 393:: 377:: 361:¶ 353:: 337:: 321:: 305:: 289:: 273:: 265:¶ 249:: 233:: 217:: 201:: 185:: 181:A 140:m 130:k 20:)

Index

Danish Runic Inscription 296

Hällestad Church
runestones
Hällestad Church
Lund
Skåne
Sweden
Rundata
Battle of the Fýrisvellir
Uppsala
Jomsvikings
Styrbjörn the Strong
Eric the Victorious
king of Sweden
Karlevi Runestone
Egtved Runestone
Sjörup Runestone

sandstone
boustrophedon
k
m

Transjö Runestone
Viking Age
Gorm the Old
Kålsta Runestone
barrow

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