346:. At Qiuwan a sacrificial altar was found, consisting of a one meter high natural stone, surrounded by three large, erected stones. Around these stones, 22 human and 10 dog skeletons were found; most humans were executed by blows to the head. Twenty were then buried in a crouched position, the head to the ground with their arms tied behind their backs. The other two were only represented by their skulls. The remains dated from 1400 to 1000 BC, indicating that the site was used for a long time.
285:(lit. "Ancestor of Peng"), who was made marquis by the kings of the Shang dynasty. After his death, the state declined under his descendants. Due to the lack of contemporary written sources, it remains impossible to verify this information. Archaeological excavations at Qiuwan, likely the kingdom's capital, have shown that the state was under strong Shang influence since the early
303:. Major tributary goods included pearls, shells, and rare woods. Archaeological findings seem to corroborate these records, as large quantities of shells have been uncovered from Qiuwan, and the Xuzhou area appears to have served as major trading hub since the 3rd millennium BC.
349:
The excavators interpreted the findings as sacrifices to the Sheji, God of Earth, who was symbolized by standing rocks, prayed to for a good harvest, and whose cult was prevalent among the eastern tribes as well as the Shang people.
236:, with whom it shared an ambiguous relationship. At times, the two polities were allies and trading partners, but at least on two occasions war broke out among them, eventually leading to Dapeng's destruction by
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314:, Dapeng and its ruling dynasty were eventually destroyed by the Shang royal army in the 11th century BC due to the "unjust behaviour" of Peng Zu's successors. Modern historians such as
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valley that was recorded on oracle bones. A few decades after the destruction of Dapeng and the abandonment of Qiuwan, the state of
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emerged in its direct vicinity. It remains unknown if there was any relation between these two polities.
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310:(1250–1192 BC), hostilities broke out, and the Shang dynasty possibly invaded Dapeng. According to
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The people of Dapeng, influenced by both Shang as well as local traditions, probably practised
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299:, the whole Xuzhou area, including Dapeng, regularly sent tribute to the Shang centres in the
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Kominami, Ichiro (2009). "Rituals for the Earth". In John
Lagerwey; Marc Kalinowski (eds.).
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Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the
Western Zhou 1045–771 BC
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322:, and Shima Kunio believed that this campaign against Dapeng is likely related to
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Lu, Liancheng; Yan, Wenming (2002). "Society during the Three
Dynasties". In
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The
Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age
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dating to the early 11th century BC, Dapeng was a contemporary of the late
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Early
Chinese Religion: Part One: Shang Through Han (1250 BC-220 AD)
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Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective
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States and territories disestablished in the 11th century BC
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Deified Human Face Petroglyphs of Prehistoric China
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530:"The Art of Xuzhou: A Regional Approach"
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289:period (c.1400 BC). According to the
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631:Liu, Li; Chen, Xingcan (2012).
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281:, Dapeng was founded by
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208:), also known simply as
306:Under the rule of King
723:Ancient Chinese states
593:New Haven, Connecticut
597:Yale University Press
291:Warring States period
279:(Record of Geography)
228:. First mentioned on
476:, pp. 365, 366.
111:• Conquered by
626:. pp. 201–236.
562:Infobase Publishing
98:• War against
88:• Established
20:State of Great Peng
753:History of Jiangsu
214:Chinese Bronze Age
77:Chinese Bronze Age
31:Unknown–c. 1060 BC
705:978-0-521-85272-2
675:978-1-938368-34-9
650:978-0-521-64432-7
560:. New York City:
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220:and Qiuwan (
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134:Succeeded by
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585:Sarah Allan
510:Song (2015)
324:King Di Xin
268:(Genealogy)
261:Han dynasty
238:King Di Xin
717:Categories
376:References
365:Xu (state)
328:Huai River
270:, and the
198:Great Peng
161:Xu (state)
118:c. 1060 BC
105:c. 1200 BC
55:Government
692:Cambridge
637:Cambridge
547:Hong Kong
498:Li (2006)
486:Wu (1990)
428:Wu (1990)
320:Li Xueqin
312:Sima Qian
277:Kuodi Zhi
47:Religion
686:(2006).
684:Li, Feng
587:(eds.).
549:: 40–59.
528:(1990).
526:Wu, Hung
354:See also
338:Religion
212:, was a
65:Marquis?
59:Monarchy
39:Qiuwan,
308:Wu Ding
296:Yu Gong
283:Peng Zu
244:History
226:Jiangsu
202:Chinese
100:Wu Ding
92:Unknown
36:Capital
758:Xuzhou
702:
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620:Leiden
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360:Dongyi
266:Shiben
259:, the
218:Xuzhou
204::
194:Dapeng
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533:(PDF)
287:Yinxu
255:Guoyu
186:China
700:ISBN
670:ISBN
645:ISBN
601:ISBN
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210:Peng
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332:Xu
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206:大彭
24:大彭
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200:(
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