Dartford Crossing - Knowledge

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Thurrock and their approaches instead of Kent and Essex County Councils; to provide for the levying of tolls, by a person appointed by the Secretary of State or by the Secretary of State, in respect of traffic using the crossing; to provide for transfers of property and liabilities of those Councils to the person appointed and the Secretary of State and for the transfer to the Secretary of State of property and liabilities of the person appointed on termination of his appointment; to provide for the management of the crossing, including the imposition of prohibitions, restrictions and requirements in relation to traffic, and otherwise in relation to the crossing; and for connected purposes.

1166: 787: 679: 1201: 532: 42: 164: 59: 554:. The charge can be paid online or phone, in advance or by midnight the day after crossing, but can no longer be paid in cash at the site since the old toll booths have been removed. However, cash payments are accepted at some Payzone retail outlets. Reminder signs and variable message signs on approaches to the crossing say "Dart charge – find us online. Pay by midnight tomorrow." Vehicles have to pay the charge if they use the crossing between 6 am and 10 pm seven days per week, and this is indicated on signs. Daily charges for the crossing since October 2018 are: 1567:

built at either end of the tunnel; there was also a ladder built into the side of the bodywork for access elsewhere. The design was criticised for failing to protect any passenger from falling off the vehicle, and running costs were estimated at £2,550 per month, with only £45 revenue. The joint committee contracted London Transport to operate the buses on their behalf. The service was reduced to one bus in April 1964 and then cancelled in 1965, to be replaced by the current transfer service using a vehicle with a rear cycle rack. One of these buses has been preserved.

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also bear the debt of the bridge, then under construction, "financed 100% by debt, with no equity contribution". The private company was at risk of not recuperating their costs, but ultimately the Dartford scheme demonstrated that the Ryrie Rules were no longer a barrier to the private financing of public infrastructure projects. The concession was scheduled for 20 years from the transfer date, with a stipulation that it could end when debts had been paid off, which was agreed to have been achieved on 31 March 2002. According to the

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goods vehicles. By 2012, local businesses were complaining that the crossing's charge booths were impeding local growth. The government announced that a new electronic charging system would be introduced in 2014. Drivers would be able to pay by phone, text, online or in shops. The charge was proposed to increase to £2.50 for cars, £3 for two-axle goods vehicles and £6 for multi-axle vehicles. Drivers not exempt and not paying the charge within 28 days are charged £105.

467:, though the crossing and its approach road are an all-purpose road (the A282), allowing some (though not all) non-motorway traffic to use it. Southbound traffic crosses the four-lane bridge, while northbound traffic uses both of the two-lane road tunnels. The bridge can be closed due to high winds or maintenance. On these occasions, traffic uses the tunnels in both directions. The crossing and its approaches, like most UK urban motorways, are equipped with 1551: 171: 136: 101: 66: 884:, but this had been rejected by July in favour of a route further upstream, near Dartford. By 1929, the total cost of building the tunnel had been estimated at £3 million (equivalent to £212 million in 2023). The tunnel was planned to be part of a general orbital route around London and was provisionally known as part of the "South Orbital Road". The Dartford Tunnel Act 1930 ( 1579:. The Dartford Crossing is class C, which restricts transporting goods such as nitrates and flammable liquids. The introduction of the ADR scheme initially caused confusion, and for a short time, transporting aerosols through the tunnel was banned. Certain hazardous goods vehicles, together with some oversize and abnormal loads (if permitted), may require escorting by 1603:; between October 2012 and June 2014, 24,229 drivers were caught speeding, with some travelling as fast as 94 miles per hour (151 km/h). A spokesman for Highways England said the cameras were "helping us improve safety and make journeys more reliable". The bridge also has a reduced speed limit of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) when 1464:. In October 2009, the Government announced its intention to sell the crossing as part of a public sector deficit reduction strategy. The announcement was unpopular with local residents, who encouraged drivers to sound their horns in protest when using the crossing. After the change of government following the 3597: 1394:

on 30 October 1991. The total cost of construction was £120 million (£268 million in 2023), including £30 million (£63 million in 2023) for the approach roads. The proposed name had been simply the Dartford Bridge, but Thurrock residents objected and suggested the Tilbury Bridge, leading to

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further option was introduced giving unlimited crossings for £20 annually. Around 44,000 drivers take advantage of this scheme each year. Although the website for paying the charge is operated by the UK Government, the contract for the free-flow charging system is held by French public roads operator

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From motorists should have been able to cross for free but the government's change of mind means car drivers still have to pay the £1 charge. The AA Motoring Trust, a new charity linked to the AA said the government had broken its promise to scrap the toll. In 1996, the consortium behind the bridge

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Bicycles are not permitted on the crossing, but cyclists can be carried across the crossing by the transport authority. Section 27 of the Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 requires that this service be provided free of charge. Cyclists report to the crossing control offices on either side, using a

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some 60 years earlier. The delay in work due to the war allowed the tunnel's design to be improved, which included a better ventilation system. After negotiations with the Ministry of Transport, Kent and Essex county councils obtained government approval to increase the previously set tolls in 1960,

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As of 31 March 2015, a total of 1,537,084,159 journeys had been made. The highest recorded daily usage was 181,990 on 23 July 2004; since then traffic levels have decreased. The total income for the financial year ended 31 March 2012 was £72,147,091, while the corresponding figure for the

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Preparation work on the free-flow scheme started in April 2014. Concerns were raised about reliability, with a Highways Agency report predicting that it could lose up to £6m of unpaid charges per year. In September, the Highways Agency announced that the new scheme would start to operate at the end

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Under the 2000 Transport Act, the A282 Trunk Road (Dartford-Thurrock Crossing charging scheme) Order 2002 allowed the continuation of the crossing fee, which officially became a charge and not a toll on 1 April 2003. Management of the crossing was contracted to Le Crossing Company Limited on behalf

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should be charged on all road tolls, including the Dartford Crossing. The Government opposed the directive and said it would bear the additional cost. It was anticipated that the tolls would be removed on 1 April 2003 under the original PFI scheme contract. However, the Highways Agency decided that

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of a ship weighing up to 65,000 tonnes and travelling up to 18.5 kilometres per hour (11.5 mph) The bridge deck is about 61 metres (200 ft) high, and it took a team of around 56 to assemble its structure. During construction of the approach road, a World War II bomb was found in its path,

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An Act to authorise the construction of a further tunnel under the river Thames between West Thurrock in the county of Essex and Dartford in the county of Kent with approaches thereto; to consolidate with amendments the Dartford Tunnel Acts, 1930 to 1962; to confer further powers in connection with

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Because the design capacity has been exceeded, the crossing is subject to major traffic congestion and disruption, particularly when parts are closed because of accidents or bad weather. Though the government was adamant that the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge should be designed to avoid closure due to

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chassis for special duties, taking cyclists through the Dartford Tunnel. These had a lower deck purpose-built for carrying bicycles, with upper deck seats for cyclists. Access was via a stairwell to the upper deck starting several feet above the level of the road, accessible from special platforms

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On 31 July 1988, a private finance initiative concession was enabled under the Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 (c. 20), which transferred control of the crossing from Kent and Essex county councils to Dartford River Crossing Limited, a private company managed by Rodney Jones. The company would

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Under the 2008 Charging Order introduced on 15 November 2008, charges between 10 pm and 6 am were discontinued, but standard daytime rates increased, starting at £1.50 for cars. On 7 October 2012 the charges increased to £2 for cars, £2.50 for 2 axle goods vehicles and £5 for multi-axle

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which dictated that "any privately-financed solution must be shown to be more cost-effective than a publicly-financed alternative, and that privately-financed expenditure by nationalised industries could not be additional to public expenditure provision" , "which would be reduced by the amount of

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Since 2008, a local residents' scheme gives 50 crossings to car drivers resident in the Dartford and Thurrock council areas for an annual registration fee of £10, with additional crossings at 20p each. On 1 March 2014, this scheme was extended to include privately owned two-axle goods vehicles. A

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funding granted in 1974. The second tunnel opened in May 1980, allowing each tunnel to handle one direction of traffic, by which time the joint capacity of the two tunnels had increased to 65,000 vehicles per day. Connection of the crossing to the M25 was completed on the northerly Essex side in

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The charges vary according to the type of vehicle. Motorcycles are free but there are standard charges for cars, two-axle goods vehicles and larger vehicles with more than two axles. Drivers who fail to pay the charge are issued with a penalty charge notice. There are no signs warning of penalty

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charging scheme named the "Dart Charge" began in November 2014. As a result, the booths on the Kent side were removed and the charge is now only payable online, by post, or in participating retail outlets. A residents' scheme is available, offering discounts for people living near the crossing.

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At busy times there was significant delay at the payment booths when these existed. Because there are numerous junctions on either side of the crossing, a high proportion of local traffic mixes with long-distance traffic, for example travelling from the North and Midlands onward to Continental

350:, it is the busiest estuarial crossing in the United Kingdom, with an average daily use of over 130,000 vehicles. It opened in stages: the west tunnel in 1963, the east tunnel in 1980 and the bridge in 1991. The crossing, although not officially designated a motorway, is considered part of the 1276:

An Act to provide for the construction of a bridge over the river Thames between Dartford in Kent and Thurrock in Essex and of associated works; to provide for the Secretary of State to be the highway authority for the highways passing through the tunnels under that river between Dartford and

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and resumed in the 1950s. The original tunnel catered for a single lane of traffic in each direction, but rising traffic levels required the second tunnel to be built. The M25 connected to the tunnels at both ends when completed in 1986, and the increased traffic put pressure on the tunnels'

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During the early 1980s, it was anticipated that traffic through the tunnel would rise on the completion of the M25 in 1986. At the time, the expectation was that other routes in London would be improved instead, diverting 15% of traffic away from the tunnel. In 1985, the Transport Minister,

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of Kent and Essex county councils (the Dartford Tunnel Joint Committee) the authority to increase the tolls, and in December 1977, the toll was raised from 25p to 35p for cars, 40p to 55p for two-axle goods vehicles, and 60p to 85p for HGVs. By 1984, the toll for cars had risen to 60p.

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Since the 2000s, planning work has been underway regarding another crossing of the Thames to ease congestion at the Dartford Crossing. Options considered included an additional crossing at Dartford for long distance M25 traffic, as well as new crossings located in the

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suggest that this crossing will be essential for managing congestion. A public consultation on the scheme ended in March 2016, with the route announced in April 2017. As of December 2023, contracts have been awarded and the target date for completion is 2032.

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of the Highways Agency. In September 2009 the Highways Agency made a new contract with Connect Plus (M25) Limited. As well as maintaining the crossing, the contract required the company to widen around 40 miles of the M25 and to refurbish a tunnel on the

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An Act to repeal the Dartford Tunnel Act 1967 and to re-enact certain provisions of that Act with amendments; to confer further powers in connection with the works authorised by that Act and by Acts repealed by that Act; and for other

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The crossing is the busiest in the United Kingdom, with an average daily use of around 160,000 vehicles. The crossing has high levels of congestion, especially at peak times - with high levels of air pollution impacting neighbouring

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consortium won a bid to build a new bridge at Dartford crossing, valued at £86 million (£252 million in 2023). At the time there were several other privately financed projects planned or under construction in the UK, including the

1405: 1348:, the chief financing for the project came from a "20-year subordinated loan stock, 16-year loan stock and £85 million (£222 million in 2023) as a term loan from banks". The construction contract was let to a joint venture of 3598:"Bridge design stretched to the limits: Cable-stayed bridges are a type of suspended crossing. Spare but functional, they exploit a form of bridge engineering that is bringing down the cost of progressively longer crossings" 1648:

claims otherwise and has insisted that the Lower Thames Crossing, along with improved signing around Dartford, are better options to reduce congestion. In 2015, he said the crossing was Britain's worst stretch of motorway.

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before opening. The two-lane bore tunnel opened to traffic on 18 November 1963; the total project cost was £13 million (equivalent to £307 million in 2023) and it initially served approximately 12,000 vehicles per day.

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Not all of the assets are surprising, with chancellor Alistair Darling announcing last month that the government intended to sell off the Dartford crossing as part of its attempt to meet the £16bn target.

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An Act to authorise the construction of a tunnel under the river Thames between Dartford in the county of Kent and Purfleet in the county of Essex and approaches to such tunnel and for other purposes.

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a compromise. At the time of opening, it had the longest cable-stayed span of any bridge in Europe. It is the only bridge across the Thames downstream of Central London to be opened since

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September 1982 (Junction 31), and to the southerly Kent side in September 1986 (Junction 1a). Following the completion of the M25 in 1986, the daily demand had grown to 79,000 vehicles.

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proposed building a second bridge at no extra cost to the Treasury, on condition that the concession period was increased to allow them to recover their costs and generate a profit.

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report as the fourth most congested road in Britain. Though Highways England have reported greatly improved journey times since automatic charging was introduced, local MP

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In 2023, a system upgrade prevented many users from paying the Dart Charge, and National Highways temporarily extended its payment deadline to accommodate the problem.

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was selected. The new road will be 14.3 miles (23.0 km) in length, and have a 2.6 mi (4.2 km) twin-bore tunnel crossing under the River Thames east of

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of November, though related works to remove barriers would continue until April 2015. Subsequently, the date for removal of the booths was confirmed as 30 November.

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announced that charges would be increased instead to cover the budget deficit. Pre-pay accounts for the crossing were introduced around this time; drivers held an

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is above 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) or headwind above 60 miles per hour (97 km/h), and is closed entirely if Britain's national weather service, the

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The Dart Charge scheme was considered a success by the project management, who claimed it has reduced peak-time round trips over the crossing by 15 minutes.

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as "one of Europe's most heavily used crossings and complex traffic management systems". It is signed as a major destination on London's orbital route, the

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called a DART-Tag in the vehicle that automatically deducted the charge at payment booths. This was abolished when the Dart Charge was introduced in 2014.

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said the scheme had faults, while a 2015 BBC report showed 1.8 million fines had been issued for failure to pay in the year since the charge was set up.

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Construction was approved in April 1971, with an initial expected opening date in 1976. Work was delayed due to a lack of funds, which was resolved by

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An Act to authorise a variation of the works authorised by the Dartford Tunnel Act 1930 to amend that Act in certain respects and for other purposes.

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describe the crossing as "a trunk road link (A282) in the M25 London orbital motorway", and the crossing has been described as part of the M25 by

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and Tilbury. The crossing is estimated to cost between £6.4 billion and £8.2 billion, taking about six years to build once permission is granted.

888:. c. clxxxii) authorised the construction of the tunnel, and set tolls to be charged for its use. It was amended by the Dartford Tunnel Act 1937 ( 5358: 2945: 2270: 1640:

Europe. In 2004, a BBC survey reported that the crossing was "the most stressful section of the M25" while in 2009, the crossing was listed in a

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For ships, the individual arch clearance is 54.1 metres (177 ft) and the main arch span clearance is 60.2 metres (198 ft), both above

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driven pilot tunnel, which was drilled between 1936 and 1938. Work on the tunnel was delayed due to World War II, and resumed in 1959, using a

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following financial year was £80,331,662. A 2016 report by Highways England suggested the crossing is used around 50 million times a year.

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Various categories of vehicles are exempt from the charge, including emergency services vehicles, military vehicles and those exempt from

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Between September 1985 and December 1986, proposals for improvements to the Dartford Crossing underwent several changes, and in 1986, a

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The design capacity is 135,000 vehicles per day, but in practice the crossing carries around 160,000. It has been described by the

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Construction of the bridge started immediately after the creation of the PFI in 1988. It was designed by German civil engineer

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The first tunnel was expected to carry two million vehicles a year but by 1970 was carrying over eight million. That year,

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scheme was started in 1988 to build the bridge. The combined crossing now handles four lanes of traffic in each direction.

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Overhead view of the crossing looking northbound. The toll booths were replaced by electronic charging barriers in 2014.

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Aerial view of the crossing looking northward. The toll booths were replaced by electronic charging barriers in 2014.

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Engineering and Health in Compressed Air Work: Proceedings of the International Conference, Oxford, September 1992

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to introduce charging schemes on any trunk road bridge or tunnel at least 600 metres (2,000 ft) in length.

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is 449 feet (137 m) high with a main span of 450 metres (1,480 ft). A 50-mile-per-hour (80 km/h)

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supporting the bridge piers were constructed in the Netherlands. Each caisson was designed to withstand a

373:, and though the cost of construction has since been paid back, the toll was retained, and rebranded as a 5439: 5276: 5224: 2292: 1535: 881: 1132: 1031: 5444: 5261: 3502:"Dartford Bridge Supplement – Design Group Sir William Halcrow Has Many Roles in the Project. (1 of 2)" 2707: 1823: 1503: 1488: 1226: 1200: 543: 363: 3139: 5469: 5103:"Dartford-Thurrock River Crossing Charging Scheme: Account 2012–2013". Highways Agency. January 2014. 1217: 899:

Northbound vehicles approaching the entrance to the western tunnel, with the bridge in the background

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The Strategic Management of Large Engineering Projects: Shaping Institutions, Risks, and Governance

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high winds, the bridge has nevertheless had to close on occasions. On 12 February 2014, during the

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Private finance projects and off-balance sheet debt: 1st report of session 2009–10, Vol. 1: Report

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Protocol for operating the A282 Dartford – Thurrock River Crossing during periods of strong winds

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A number of new crossings have been proposed as relief for the Dartford Crossing. The proposed

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ITF Round Tables Better Regulation of Public-Private Partnerships for Transport Infrastructure

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announced that the crossing might still be sold, despite local opposition, particularly from

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acting as category 3 check engineer, employer's agent and engineering adviser. The two main

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to the west was provisionally supported in 2004, but was cancelled in November 2008 when

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as "a vital transport link for the national and South East economies", by the former

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The crossing's development started in the late 1930s, but was interrupted due to the

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The transport of hazardous goods through the crossing is governed by the European

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as part of a 30-year Design-Build-Finance-Operate agreement that began in 2009.

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There is currently one bus service that uses the crossing, the X80 operated by

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in 1924. Initial reports at the start of the year suggested a crossing between

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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

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Each tower on the Queen Elizabeth II bridge is 137 metres (449 ft) high.

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the works authorised by those Acts and the new works; and for other purposes.

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Hodge, Graeme A.; Greve, Carsten; Boardman, Anthony E. (1 January 2010).

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Bridle, Ron; Baldwin, Peter; Porter, John; Baldwin, Robert, eds. (2004).

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Bridge Modification: Proceedings of the Conference "Bridge Modification"

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There are no longer any toll booths at the Dartford Crossing on the M25.

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A bus designed to transport bicycles through the Dartford Tunnel in 1963

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boundary. The two tunnels are 4,690 feet (1,430 m) long, while the

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the tolls would become a "charge", under legislation introduced by the

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House of Lords: Select Committee on Economic Affairs (17 March 2010).

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from 1 April 2003. Since 2008 it has been free from 10 pm to 6 am. An

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Townsend, Cyril; Bonsor, Nicholas; Chalker, Lynda (21 October 1985).

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free telephone service. The transfer takes around 15 to 30 minutes.

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An alternative source says "near" 100% rather than 100% explicitly.

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The next nearest vehicle crossings to the west of Dartford are the

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In October 1963, the Dartford Tunnel Joint Committee ordered five

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is in place in both directions. North of the river, the rail line

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The crossings are operated by Connect Plus Limited on behalf of

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Pickford, Andrew T. W.; Blythe, Philip T. (1 October 2006).

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A282 road (crossing and its approaches) highlighted in green

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became Mayor of London. Johnson subsequently proposed the

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House of Lords: Select Committee on Economic Affairs 2010

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The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge as viewed from Greenhithe,

1181: 444:) passes under the approach roads at a near right angle. 4034:"Dartford Crossing to lose '£6m a year in unpaid tolls'" 2245:"Decision details: Thames Gateway Bridge – Consultation" 1795:"Dartford Queen Elizabeth II Bridge Celebrates 30 years" 868:

The idea of a tunnel crossing was first proposed by the

4586:"QE2 Bridge at Dartford Crossing reopens after closure" 4532:"Dartford Crossing excluded from pollution assessments" 4477:"Dartford-Thurrock River Crossing toll charges to rise" 4347:"Tunnel troubles: hauliers get to grips with ADR codes" 2297:"Boris can't put off a new Thames crossing in the east" 633:

Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France

4988: 3361: 4862:

Banister, David; Berechman, Joseph (29 August 2003).

3333: 346:. The only fixed road crossing of the Thames east of 5420:

Road congestion charge schemes in the United Kingdom

4950:

International Handbook on Public-Private Partnership

4728:"Better signage call for Dartford crossing, MP says" 4702:"Kent talks over Dartford crossing 'worst motorway'" 2965: 1346:

International Handbook on Public-Private Partnership

3577: 2247:. Barking & Dagenham Council. 24 September 2004 1169:

A ventilation shaft to the north of the east tunnel

5027:. International Transport Forum, OECD Publishing. 4946: 4781:"New river crossing given go-ahead in East London" 4398:"Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 (section 28)" 3711: 3709: 3707: 3435: 3433: 3424: 2992: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 5164: 5085:Road User Charging and Electronic Toll Collection 4861: 4338: 3493: 3391: 3021: 2817: 2088:. Highways England. February 2016. Archived from 1429: mi (2.5 km) east of the bridge in Kent 5376: 4424:"Thousands caught speeding on Dartford Crossing" 4138:"Dartford-Thurrock river crossing: traffic flow" 2915: 2515:"Pay the Dartford Crossing charge (Dart Charge)" 2013:"£25million to ease hold-ups at Dartford Tunnel" 1483:(MP) for Dartford. Subsequently, the chancellor 5155:British Pathe video of the first tunnel in 1957 5041: 5009: 4502:"Dartford Crossing celebrates golden milestone" 4104: 3863:"Dart Charge: Dartford Crossing remote payment" 3819:"Dartford Crossing toll charge to be increased" 3704: 3430: 3385: 2986: 2889: 2489:"Dart Charge: Dartford Crossing remote payment" 2347: 2345: 1387:which required closure of the entire crossing. 1331:Text of the Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 903:The first engineering work to take place was a 5081: 4902:Champion, M.A (1995), Pritchard, Brian (ed.), 3560:"The man who helped build the Dartford bridge" 2916:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024). 2167:"Closures and diversions at Dartford Crossing" 1781: 5232: 5060: 4865:Transport Investment and Economic Development 3847:. Dart Tag (official website). Archived from 3409: 3140:"Dartford Tunnel: Proposed Increase In Tolls" 2620: 2618: 2291: 5042:Jardine, F.M.; McCallum, R.I., eds. (2013). 4922:Fautley, M.P.B.; Garon, J.H. (1 July 2004). 4921: 4060:"Dartford Crossing cashless system date set" 3907:"Dartford Crossing toll charges set to rise" 3068: 3033: 2379:"Tunnel recommended for new Thames crossing" 2342: 1974:(Map). 1:50,000. Ordnance Survey. Sheet 177. 1188: 27:Tunnel and bridge between Kent and Essex, UK 4294:. Road Haulers' Association. Archived from 3595: 3553: 3551: 1855:. September 2004. p. 3. Archived from 1225:. From 1981 until the establishment of the 5239: 5225: 5151:– website for toll pre-payment and credits 5061:Miller, Roger; Lessard, Donald R. (2001). 3254:"European Investment Bank Grants (London)" 3167: 2615: 2030: 1945:(Report). Highways England. Archived from 1354:Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company 1195:Queen Elizabeth II Bridge (disambiguation) 4676:"Dartford's crossing misery is official!" 4008:"Dartford free-flow crossing work begins" 3195: 3078:inflation figures are based on data from 2086:"Dartford Crossing Remote Payment Scheme" 2064:"Dartford Crossing local resident scheme" 1843: 1841: 510:is a proposed tunnel to the east between 339:It consists of two bored tunnels and the 170: 135: 100: 65: 5354:Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel 5272:Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge 4901: 4636: 4556: 3727: 3557: 3548: 3467: 3198:"Dartford Tunnel and North Orbital Road" 3106: 3104: 2458: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1549: 1199: 1164: 894: 647: 530: 5359:Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel 4842:"Road Investment Strategy 2: 2020–2025" 4474: 4239: 4207: 3957: 3532:. Engineering Timelines. Archived from 3499: 3305: 3196:Heseltine, Michael (20 November 1970). 2838: 2756:"Greater discounts for local residents" 2036: 1972:East London, Billericay & Gravesend 1675:In 2017, a route connecting the M25 at 14: 5377: 4344: 4187: 3960:"Revised charges at Dartford Crossing" 2943: 2867: 2191: 1902: 1838: 5220: 5163: 4345:Walton, Christopher (3 August 2010). 4326:(Report). United Nations. p. 103 4110: 3680:"Motorists "let down" by toll u-turn" 3524: 3522: 3110: 3101: 3079: 3050:"Golden birthday for Dartford Tunnel" 3044: 3042: 2591: 2589: 2483: 2481: 2010: 1927: 1324:Text of statute as originally enacted 1133:Text of statute as originally enacted 1032:Text of statute as originally enacted 760:Text of statute as originally enacted 635:(SANEF) on behalf of the Government. 478: 5450:Transport in the Borough of Dartford 5400:Buildings and structures in Thurrock 4828:"Lower Thames Crossing Consultation" 4791: 4454:Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) 4390: 3251: 3223: 2405:"Lower Thames Crossing Consultation" 1849:"Tunnel Test 2004 – Dartford Tunnel" 294:449 feet (137 m) (bridge tower) 5475:Tunnels underneath the River Thames 5020: 4882: 4240:Heather, Chris (21 November 2013). 3767:"Dartford Crossing future in doubt" 3583: 3397: 2998: 2971: 2839:Gosling, Harry (28 February 1924). 2800:"French firm awarded crossing deal" 2537:"Dart charge: Essex charging signs" 1821: 1707:Tunnels underneath the River Thames 1246:Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 1120:Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 596:2-axle buses, coaches, vans, goods 185:Location on the UK motorway network 24: 5435:Toll tunnels in the United Kingdom 5246: 5102: 4885:The Motorway Achievement, Volume 1 4830:. Highways England. 12 April 2017. 4650:"Most stress at Dartford crossing" 4508:. 18 November 2013. Archived from 4372:"Tunnels shut for safety exercise" 3865:. Highway Agency. 16 December 2014 3715: 3622: 3519: 3439: 3039: 2586: 2569:"Dart charge: Kent charging signs" 2542:. Highways England. Archived from 2478: 2452: 1597:National Highways traffic officers 1581:National Highways traffic officers 1570: 1434: 585:Cars, motorhomes, small minibuses 552:automatic number plate recognition 379:automatic number plate recognition 312:, is a major road crossing of the 292:200 feet (61 m) (bridge deck) 25: 5491: 5395:Buildings and structures in Essex 5130: 4559:"Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Bill" 4217:. Highways Agency. Archived from 3596:O'Neill, Bill (26 October 1991). 3477:. Highways Agency. Archived from 2944:Ashley, Wilfrid (16 April 1929). 2704:"Charges and Methods of Payments" 2599:. Highways Agency. Archived from 2459:Hakimian, Rob (7 December 2023). 2407:. Highways England. 25 March 2016 1986:"Dartford crossing – Dart Charge" 1160: 655:used in the western tunnel, 1936. 643: 5364:Norfolk–Portsmouth Bridge–Tunnel 5313:Kristiansund Mainland Connection 4834: 4820: 4773: 4746: 4720: 4694: 4668: 4642: 4604: 4578: 4550: 4524: 4494: 4468: 4442: 4416: 4364: 4313: 4284: 4233: 4188:Marius, Callum (12 March 2022). 4181: 4155: 4130: 3558:Pattison, Jo (28 October 2011). 3425:Hodge, Greve & Boardman 2010 3168:Carmichael, Neil (7 July 1975). 3111:Moate, Roger (6 February 1984). 2914:"consistent series" supplied in 2868:Burney, Charles (31 July 1924). 2732:. Dart-tag.co.uk. Archived from 2706:. Dart-tag.co.uk. Archived from 2680:. Dart-tag.co.uk. Archived from 1590: 1404: 1264:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1257: 1064:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1057: 946:Parliament of the United Kingdom 939: 792:Parliament of the United Kingdom 785: 684:Parliament of the United Kingdom 677: 550:began in November 2014 based on 453:Secretary of State for Transport 442:Ebbsfleet International Stations 302:Dartford–Thurrock River Crossing 169: 162: 134: 127: 99: 92: 64: 57: 40: 5137:Dartford River Crossing website 4989:H.M. Stationery Office (1989). 4564:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4557:Couchman, James (9 July 1987). 4163:"Lower Thames Crossing – About" 4078: 4052: 4026: 4000: 3974: 3951: 3925: 3899: 3887:. Highways Agency. 21 July 2008 3877: 3855: 3837: 3811: 3785: 3759: 3721: 3672: 3646: 3616: 3589: 3445: 3341:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3327: 3313:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3306:Chalker, Lynda (19 June 1984). 3299: 3273: 3259:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3245: 3231:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3217: 3203:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3189: 3175:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3161: 3132: 3118:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2951:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2937: 2908:Gross Domestic Product deflator 2875:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2861: 2846:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2832: 2792: 2770: 2748: 2722: 2696: 2670: 2644: 2561: 2529: 2507: 2419: 2397: 2371: 2316: 2285: 2259: 2237: 2211: 2185: 2159: 2133: 2104: 2078: 2056: 2004: 1978: 1964: 1757: 1735: 5480:1963 establishments in England 4475:Woodman, Peter (22 May 2012). 3654:"Europe imposes road toll VAT" 3224:Page, Graham (28 April 1971). 2037:Francis, Paul (15 July 2014). 2011:Kirby, Lucy (31 August 2012). 1896: 1874: 1815: 1801: 1787: 1723: 623:on the grounds of disability. 280:November 1963 (western tunnel) 13: 1: 5267:Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge 5178: 4925:Essex Coastline: Then and Now 4267:"Thames Trader – Country Bus" 3958:Penning, Mike (22 May 2012). 3500:Simpson, Jim (27 June 1991). 3252:Dell, Edmund (8 April 1975). 3022:Banister & Berechman 2003 2918:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?" 2870:"Air Force Estimates 1924–25" 2039:"Two Thames crossing options" 1712: 1702:Crossings of the River Thames 1614: 911:, similar to the work on the 369:The crossing has always been 5344:Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel 4292:"ADR Tunnel Codes explained" 4111:Blunt, Rose (31 July 2023). 2841:"Gravesend – Tilbury Tunnel" 2192:Morris, Thom (14 May 2014). 1140:The toll was originally two 7: 5349:Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel 5013:Highways and Transportation 4953:. Edward Elgar Publishing. 4928:. Matthew Fautley. p. 4321:ADR Classifications: Part 2 3530:"Queen Elizabeth II Bridge" 3453:"Queen Elizabeth II Bridge" 3362:H.M. Stationery Office 1989 2987:Jardine & McCallum 2013 1690: 1595:The tunnel is patrolled by 1234:private finance borrowed." 1148:, equivalent to 12.5p post- 392: 10: 5496: 5410:Electronic toll collection 5287:Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok Link 5046:. Routledge. p. 246. 4995:. H.M. Stationery Office. 3962:. Department for Transport 1884:. Port of London Authority 1782:Pickford & Blythe 2006 1656: 1541: 1512: 1504:The Automobile Association 1239:United Kingdom legislation 1227:private finance initiative 1192: 1039:United Kingdom legislation 921:United Kingdom legislation 767:United Kingdom legislation 659:United Kingdom legislation 638: 607:Multi-axle goods, coaches 544:electronic charging system 526: 364:private finance initiative 83:Show map of Greater London 5465:Tunnels completed in 1980 5460:Tunnels completed in 1963 5390:Bridges completed in 1991 5336: 5295: 5254: 5197: 5191: 5181: 5176: 5021:ITF (26 September 2013). 4974:. The Stationery Office. 4242:"The ill-fated cycle bus" 3410:Miller & Lessard 2001 1652: 1390:The bridge was opened by 1329: 1322: 1314: 1309: 1299: 1294: 1281: 1270: 1256: 1251: 1244: 1189:Queen Elizabeth II Bridge 1131: 1124: 1114: 1109: 1099: 1094: 1081: 1070: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1030: 1023: 1013: 996: 991: 981: 976: 963: 952: 938: 933: 926: 859: 849: 841: 836: 826: 821: 808: 798: 784: 779: 772: 758: 751: 741: 733: 728: 718: 713: 700: 690: 676: 671: 664: 568: 565: 562: 375:congestion pricing scheme 344:Queen Elizabeth II Bridge 316:in England, carrying the 288: 282:May 1980 (eastern tunnel) 276: 237: 215: 202: 197: 51: 39: 34: 18:Dartford Tunnel (western) 5385:Bridge–tunnels in Europe 5010:The Institution (1992). 3226:"Second Dartford tunnel" 3034:Fautley & Garon 2004 2730:"Local residents scheme" 1882:"Thames Bridges Heights" 1562:buses based on the Ford 1532:Lakeside Shopping Centre 1443:issued a directive that 1318:Dartford Tunnel Act 1984 1046:Dartford Tunnel Act 1984 1019:Dartford Tunnel Act 1984 1006:Dartford Tunnel Act 1937 1003:Dartford Tunnel Act 1930 928:Dartford Tunnel Act 1967 890:1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6 855:Dartford Tunnel Act 1967 845:Dartford Tunnel Act 1930 815:1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6 774:Dartford Tunnel Act 1937 747:Dartford Tunnel Act 1967 737:Dartford Tunnel Act 1937 666:Dartford Tunnel Act 1930 304:, commonly known as the 188:Show map of UK motorways 5430:Toll bridges in England 5425:Road tunnels in England 5277:Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link 5142:13 October 2014 at the 4404:. Ministry of Transport 3455:. Engineering Timelines 3080:Clark, Gregory (2017). 2302:London Evening Standard 1826:. Dartford Town Archive 404:The crossing spans the 5262:Busan–Geoje Fixed Link 4992:M25 Review: The Report 3281:"The M25 – Statistics" 3113:"Dartford Tunnel Bill" 2946:"Thames Tunnel Scheme" 1903:Bishop, Peter (2008). 1731:mean high water spring 1555: 1521: 1223:Second Severn Crossing 1205: 1170: 900: 656: 536: 473:variable-message signs 5455:Transport in Thurrock 5308:Great Belt Fixed Link 5187:Dartford Cable Tunnel 4246:The National Archives 2824:"New Thames Tunnel". 1659:Lower Thames Crossing 1642:Royal Automobile Club 1553: 1466:2010 general election 1203: 1168: 898: 870:Ministry of Transport 653:Tunnel boring machine 651: 534: 508:Lower Thames Crossing 496:Thames Gateway Bridge 284:October 1991 (bridge) 3475:"About the Crossing" 3386:The Institution 1992 1481:Member of Parliament 504:Gallions Reach Ferry 261:51.46472°N 0.25861°E 80:Location near London 5282:Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line 4708:. 30 September 2015 4506:Sevenoaks Chronicle 4450:"Dartford Crossing" 4066:. 20 September 2014 3845:"Dart Charge – FAQ" 3731:(12 October 2009). 3688:. BBC. 1 April 2003 3660:. 12 September 2000 3149:. 16 September 1977 2910:figures follow the 2828:. 20 December 1924. 2431:The Daily Telegraph 2173:. 30 September 2008 1530:which runs between 1358:Cementation Company 621:Vehicle Excise Duty 559: 475:to manage traffic. 426:cable-stayed bridge 412:, to the south and 308:and until 1991 the 257: / 210:cable-stayed bridge 198:General information 5440:Transport in Essex 5016:. The Institution. 4908:, Thomas Telford, 4887:. Thomas Telford. 4618:. 14 February 2014 4592:. 12 February 2014 4221:on 13 October 2014 4092:. 30 November 2015 3939:. 30 November 2012 3076:Retail Price Index 3056:. 18 November 2013 2780:. Highways England 2684:on 8 February 2011 2574:. Highways England 2465:New Civil Engineer 2330:. 15 November 2016 2066:. Thurrock Council 1797:. 29 October 2021. 1585:emergency services 1556: 1450:Transport Act 2000 1392:Queen Elizabeth II 1335:legislation.gov.uk 1206: 1171: 901: 886:20 & 21 Geo. 5 707:20 & 21 Geo. 5 657: 569:Pre-paid accounts 557: 537: 479:Alternative routes 457:Patrick McLoughlin 5445:Transport in Kent 5372: 5371: 5303:Dartford Crossing 5214: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5193:Dartford Crossing 5116:Missing or empty 5095:978-1-58053-858-9 5074:978-0-262-26351-1 5053:978-1-135-82609-3 5034:978-92-821-0395-1 5002:978-0-11-550915-5 4981:978-0-10-845964-1 4960:978-1-84980-469-1 4939:978-0-9548010-0-7 4915:978-0-7277-2028-3 4894:978-0-7277-3196-8 4875:978-1-135-80270-7 4759:National Archives 4639:, pp. 91–92. 4402:National Archives 4169:on 8 January 2017 3988:. 1 November 2012 3851:on 25 March 2013. 3729:Stratton, Allegra 3506:Construction News 3336:"Dartford Tunnel" 3308:"Dartford Tunnel" 3170:"Dartford Tunnel" 2632:. 5 November 2014 2549:on 8 January 2017 2495:. 1 December 2014 2433:. 12 April 2017. 2225:. 20 October 2004 2219:"Troubled waters" 2147:. 7 November 2014 2092:on 10 August 2016 1992:on 12 August 2016 1952:on 8 January 2017 1920:978-1-861-89346-8 1862:on 8 January 2017 1853:AA Motoring Trust 1822:Simpson, Robert. 1489:electronic device 1341: 1340: 1310:Other legislation 1252:Act of Parliament 1175:Michael Heseltine 1138: 1137: 1110:Other legislation 1052:Act of Parliament 1037: 1036: 992:Other legislation 934:Act of Parliament 866: 865: 837:Other legislation 780:Act of Parliament 765: 764: 729:Other legislation 672:Act of Parliament 617: 616: 387:National Highways 328:in the south and 306:Dartford Crossing 298: 297: 266:51.46472; 0.25861 178:Dartford Crossing 143:Dartford Crossing 118:Show map of Essex 115:Location in Essex 108:Dartford Crossing 73:Dartford Crossing 35:Dartford Crossing 16:(Redirected from 5487: 5470:Tunnels in Essex 5241: 5234: 5227: 5218: 5217: 5179: 5161: 5160: 5125: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5104: 5099: 5088:. Artech House. 5078: 5057: 5038: 5017: 5006: 4985: 4964: 4943: 4918: 4898: 4879: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4807: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4734:. 3 October 2015 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4351:Commercial Motor 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4325: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4300: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4108: 4102: 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2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2295:(11 June 2013). 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1951: 1944: 1936: 1925: 1924: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1861: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1742:Highways England 1739: 1733: 1727: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1408: 1374:, with the UK's 1373: 1261: 1260: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1126:Status: Repealed 1061: 1060: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1025:Status: Repealed 943: 942: 929: 924: 923: 913:Blackwall Tunnel 909:Greathead Shield 861:Status: Repealed 789: 788: 775: 770: 769: 753:Status: Repealed 681: 680: 667: 662: 661: 560: 556: 520:Thurrock Council 489:Blackwall Tunnel 461:Thurrock Council 418:centre of London 359:Second World War 272: 271: 269: 268: 267: 262: 258: 255: 254: 253: 250: 189: 179: 173: 172: 166: 154: 153:Show map of Kent 150:Location in Kent 144: 138: 137: 131: 119: 109: 103: 102: 96: 84: 74: 68: 67: 61: 44: 32: 31: 21: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5332: 5318:Oosterweel Link 5291: 5250: 5245: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5172: 5144:Wayback Machine 5133: 5128: 5117: 5115: 5106: 5105: 5096: 5075: 5054: 5035: 5003: 4982: 4961: 4940: 4916: 4895: 4876: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4764: 4762: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4682:. 27 April 2009 4674: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4512:on 14 July 2014 4500: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4481:The Independent 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4456:. 16 April 2018 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4301:on 12 July 2020 4298: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4014:. 22 April 2014 4006: 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3800: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3773:. 26 April 2010 3765: 3764: 3760: 3747: 3745: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3705: 3691: 3689: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3634:on 14 July 2014 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3594: 3590: 3586:, p. xiii. 3582: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3536:on 14 July 2014 3528: 3527: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3481:on 14 July 2014 3473: 3472: 3468: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3109: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3048: 3047: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3020: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2906:United Kingdom 2905: 2890: 2880: 2878: 2866: 2862: 2851: 2849: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2710:on 4 April 2011 2702: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2678:"Exempt scheme" 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2624: 2623: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2603:on 15 July 2014 2595: 2594: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2517:. HM Government 2513: 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2359:. 12 April 2017 2351: 2350: 2343: 2333: 2331: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2273:on 29 June 2011 2265: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2248: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2145:The Independent 2139: 2138: 2134: 2121: 2119: 2118:. 30 March 2016 2110: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1928: 1921: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1847: 1846: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1820: 1816: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1776: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1751:The Independent 1740: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1715: 1693: 1661: 1655: 1617: 1593: 1573: 1571:Hazardous loads 1544: 1524: 1515: 1445:value-added tax 1437: 1435:Charging scheme 1432: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1367: 1365:Hellmut Homberg 1315:Repeals/revokes 1266: 1258: 1245: 1240: 1218:Trafalgar House 1198: 1191: 1163: 1154:joint committee 1127: 1066: 1058: 1045: 1040: 1026: 1009: 997:Repeals/revokes 948: 940: 927: 922: 862: 794: 786: 773: 768: 754: 686: 678: 665: 660: 646: 641: 529: 481: 449:Highways Agency 414:Thurrock, Essex 402: 401: 400: 395: 310:Dartford Tunnel 293: 283: 281: 265: 263: 259: 256: 251: 248: 246: 244: 243: 226: 207: 193: 192: 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 181: 180: 177: 174: 157: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 146: 145: 142: 139: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 113: 112: 111: 110: 107: 104: 87: 86: 85: 82: 81: 78: 77: 76: 75: 72: 69: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5493: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5323:Øresund Bridge 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5248:Bridge–tunnels 5244: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5221: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5196: 5190: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5132: 5131:External links 5129: 5127: 5126: 5100: 5094: 5079: 5073: 5058: 5052: 5039: 5033: 5018: 5007: 5001: 4986: 4980: 4965: 4959: 4944: 4938: 4919: 4914: 4899: 4893: 4880: 4874: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4833: 4819: 4808:on 13 May 2010 4790: 4787:. 10 May 2018. 4772: 4745: 4719: 4693: 4680:Kent Messenger 4667: 4656:. 8 March 2004 4641: 4629: 4603: 4577: 4549: 4538:. 6 March 2017 4523: 4493: 4467: 4441: 4415: 4389: 4378:. 10 June 2006 4363: 4337: 4312: 4283: 4258: 4232: 4206: 4180: 4154: 4129: 4103: 4077: 4051: 4040:. 17 July 2013 4025: 3999: 3973: 3950: 3924: 3898: 3876: 3854: 3836: 3825:. 18 June 2010 3810: 3784: 3758: 3720: 3703: 3671: 3645: 3615: 3588: 3576: 3547: 3518: 3492: 3466: 3444: 3429: 3427:, p. 529. 3414: 3412:, p. 177. 3402: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3326: 3298: 3287:on 25 May 2014 3272: 3244: 3216: 3188: 3160: 3147:London Gazette 3131: 3100: 3087:MeasuringWorth 3067: 3054:Kent Messenger 3038: 3036:, p. 263. 3026: 3003: 3001:, p. 846. 2991: 2989:, p. 246. 2976: 2964: 2936: 2923:MeasuringWorth 2912:MeasuringWorth 2888: 2860: 2831: 2816: 2791: 2769: 2747: 2721: 2695: 2669: 2643: 2630:Kent Messenger 2614: 2585: 2560: 2528: 2506: 2477: 2451: 2418: 2396: 2370: 2341: 2315: 2284: 2258: 2236: 2210: 2198:Kent Messenger 2184: 2171:Kent Messenger 2158: 2132: 2103: 2077: 2055: 2043:Kent Messenger 2029: 2003: 1977: 1963: 1926: 1919: 1913:. p. 26. 1911:Reaktion Books 1895: 1873: 1837: 1814: 1800: 1786: 1784:, p. 256. 1773: 1766: 1765: 1756: 1734: 1721: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1697:Thames Gateway 1692: 1689: 1677:North Ockendon 1657:Main article: 1654: 1651: 1646:Gareth Johnson 1616: 1613: 1592: 1589: 1572: 1569: 1543: 1540: 1523: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1485:George Osborne 1477:Gareth Johnson 1470:prime minister 1441:European Union 1436: 1433: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1339: 1338: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1238: 1190: 1187: 1162: 1161:Eastern tunnel 1159: 1150:decimalisation 1136: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1000: 998: 994: 993: 989: 988: 985: 979: 978: 974: 973: 967: 961: 960: 956: 950: 949: 944: 936: 935: 931: 930: 920: 905:compressed air 880:, replacing a 864: 863: 860: 857: 856: 853: 847: 846: 843: 839: 838: 834: 833: 830: 824: 823: 819: 818: 812: 806: 805: 802: 796: 795: 790: 782: 781: 777: 776: 766: 763: 762: 756: 755: 752: 749: 748: 745: 739: 738: 735: 731: 730: 726: 725: 722: 716: 715: 711: 710: 704: 698: 697: 694: 688: 687: 682: 674: 673: 669: 668: 658: 645: 644:Western tunnel 642: 640: 637: 615: 614: 611: 608: 604: 603: 600: 597: 593: 592: 589: 586: 582: 581: 578: 575: 571: 570: 567: 566:Pay-as-you-go 564: 563:Vehicle class 528: 525: 516:South Ockendon 485:Woolwich Ferry 480: 477: 422:Greater London 420:, outside the 410:Dartford, Kent 398: 397: 396: 394: 391: 348:Greater London 336:in the north. 296: 295: 290: 286: 285: 278: 274: 273: 241: 235: 234: 217: 213: 212: 204: 200: 199: 195: 194: 184: 176: 175: 168: 167: 161: 160: 159: 158: 149: 141: 140: 133: 132: 126: 125: 124: 123: 114: 106: 105: 98: 97: 91: 90: 89: 88: 79: 71: 70: 63: 62: 56: 55: 54: 53: 52: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5492: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337:North America 5335: 5329: 5328:Triangle Link 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5219: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5123: 5110: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5067:. MIT Press. 5066: 5065: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5026: 5025: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4920: 4917: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4868:. Routledge. 4867: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4843: 4837: 4829: 4823: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4749: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4638: 4637:Champion 1995 4633: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4553: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4430:. 7 June 2014 4429: 4425: 4419: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4322: 4316: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3961: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3913:. 22 May 2012 3912: 3908: 3902: 3886: 3880: 3864: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3799:. 16 May 2010 3798: 3794: 3788: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3755: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3700: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3603: 3602:New Scientist 3599: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3552: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3523: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3426: 3421: 3419: 3411: 3406: 3400:, p. 42. 3399: 3394: 3388:, p. 10. 3387: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3364:, p. 30. 3363: 3358: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3302: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3164: 3148: 3141: 3135: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3105: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3030: 3024:, p. 65. 3023: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2973: 2968: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2940: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2827: 2820: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2779: 2773: 2757: 2751: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2683: 2679: 2673: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2590: 2570: 2564: 2545: 2538: 2532: 2516: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2482: 2466: 2462: 2455: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2406: 2400: 2385:. 9 July 2013 2384: 2380: 2374: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2346: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2293:Andrew Adonis 2288: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2246: 2240: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2199: 2195: 2188: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2146: 2142: 2136: 2129: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2065: 2059: 2044: 2040: 2033: 2018: 2014: 2007: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1973: 1967: 1948: 1941: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1922: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1899: 1883: 1877: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1842: 1825: 1818: 1810: 1804: 1796: 1790: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1760: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1719: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1679:to the A2 at 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1660: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1635: 1634:winter storms 1629: 1627: 1623: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601:speed cameras 1598: 1591:Safety patrol 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1577:ADR Agreement 1568: 1565: 1564:Thames Trader 1561: 1560:double-decker 1552: 1548: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1519: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473:David Cameron 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1439:In 2000, the 1413: 1407: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1384:bridge strike 1381: 1377: 1376:Halcrow Group 1371: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1255: 1250: 1243: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1211:Lynda Chalker 1202: 1196: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1167: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1055: 1050: 1043: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1005: 1002: 1001: 999: 995: 990: 986: 984: 980: 975: 971: 968: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 937: 932: 925: 919: 917: 914: 910: 906: 897: 893: 891: 887: 883: 882:ferry service 879: 875: 871: 858: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 835: 831: 829: 825: 820: 816: 813: 811: 807: 803: 801: 797: 793: 783: 778: 771: 761: 757: 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 727: 724:1 August 1930 723: 721: 717: 712: 708: 705: 703: 699: 695: 693: 689: 685: 675: 670: 663: 654: 650: 636: 634: 628: 624: 622: 612: 609: 606: 605: 601: 598: 595: 594: 590: 587: 584: 583: 579: 576: 573: 572: 561: 555: 553: 549: 545: 542: 533: 524: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500:Boris Johnson 497: 492: 490: 486: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 390: 388: 383: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 360: 355: 353: 349: 345: 342: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 320:road between 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 291: 287: 279: 275: 270: 242: 240: 236: 233: 229: 225: 221: 218: 214: 211: 205: 201: 196: 165: 130: 95: 60: 50: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 5415:M25 motorway 5302: 5203:High Speed 1 5198: 5192: 5182: 5170:River Thames 5084: 5063: 5043: 5023: 5012: 4991: 4970: 4949: 4924: 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