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contest between two kinds of wealth, the affluent railway contractor pitting his ready cash and ruthless commercial methods against the sedate and comfortable but strained resources of the rural gentry." This was symbolised by Davies depositing ยฃ10,000 in an
Aberystwyth bank as "ale money for the battle". Davies presented himself as a businessman who brought employment to the county and scarcely referred in his speeches to radical policies, including the secret ballot.
330:
Following his 1865 defeat in
Cardiganshire, it appears that Davies initially intended to contest the seat again. After the election, he made significant contributions to chapels in the north of the county where Lloyd had won by a small margin. During the months leading up to the 1868 election became
365:
denomination, which had over 13,000 members in
Cardiganshire. His success in 1885 was also underpinned by a particularly effective Liberal Association, organised by H. C. Fryer, an Aberystwyth solicitor, and which set up mechanisms to ensure the registration of voters. Trains were even organised to
318:
As a
Calvinistic Methodist deacon, Davies had envisaged strong support from the nonconformist community. However, there were numerous examples of prominent nonconformists who were lukewarm, or even opposed, to Davies's candidature. The reasons included a reluctance to offend landowners who held the
251:
and went into agriculture, working alongside his father, who died when David was aged 20, leaving him to take charge of the family. He was successful from an early age and in 1848 took over a larger farm called
Tynymaen, which later became the home farm of the Plรขs Dinam estate. Two years later he
335:
in late May saw an invitation issued to Davies to contest the county seat if Lloyd declined to do so (with Lloyd been offered the
Cardigan Boroughs constituency where he was likely to be returned unopposed). However, Davies declined the invitation and appears to have offered Lloyd, his erstwhile
314:
at
Aberystwyth, and the failure of nonconformists to unite behind his candidature. However, his intervention represented a direct challenge to the traditional hegemony of the county's landed gentry over the political representation of the county. Ieuan Gwynedd Jones describes the election as 'a
305:
Davies had a number of advantages, including the fact that his railway building enterprises benefited the county and created additional, if temporary, employment opportunities. However, his defeat was attributed to the strong opposition of landowners, including the overwhelming influence of the
386:
followed him into the
Liberal Unionist camp. The election split the Liberal Party in Cardiganshire and the election was hotly contested with almost all the landowners, including those previously regarded as having Liberal sympathies, supporting Davies. He also received the support of several
360:
county seat in 1885. Davies was a poor public speaker, and his speech was described as untutored, but his support in
Cardiganshire was nevertheless considerable owing to factors including his patronage of the new university college at Aberystwyth and his connections within the
420:, which eventually opened in 1859. This line was unusual in that at neither terminus did it connect with any other railway, and the engines and carriages had to be carried on specially constructed wagons from Oswestry, 36 miles away. Together with partners such as
326:
area, which was attributed to the coming of the railway and his
Calvinistic Methodist connections. He was also ahead in the Lampeter district. However, he lost the other four districts, including Cardigan, where Lloyd polled 360 votes against a mere 65 for Davies.
500:. At the same time a combination of the inability of the Taff Vale railway and the Bute docks at Cardiff to cope with the Ocean traffic, and the fact that Davies had to pay such high costs to use these facilities, led him Davies to construct new docks at
302:, but shortly before this took place, Powell again announced his retirement. Lloyd now stated that he would now fight the seat after all and Richard withdrew in his favour. David Davies did not withdraw. Lloyd won the seat with a majority of 361 votes.
415:
His first enterprise was the building of a bridge over the Severn at Llandinam. He soon built a reputation as a contractor and was responsible for the building of numerous roads and bridges. From 1855 he was involved in the construction of the
293:
landowner, had announced his intention to stand as a Liberal. However, when Powell reversed his decision, Lloyd issued an address stating that he would not oppose the sitting member. The result was that both Davies and
492:
in the 1860s. The Ocean Merthyr company was formed under his chairmanship in 1867 and a number of new collieries were sunk including Dare (1868), Western and Eastern (1872), Garw (1884), and Lady Windsor (1885).
519:
Although Davies died the year following the inauguration of the Barry Docks and rail, the facilities had by that time already assisted Ocean Coal to become the most profitable and the largest of
391:, the Gladstonian Liberal candidate, by a mere nine votes, a result which was largely attributed to the influence of nonconformist ministers over their congregations. Rowlands served until 1895.
589:, a grand country mansion on the north side of the river that would enjoy sunshine all year round, which has been maintained and operated as a training facility and accommodation by owners
529:
289:
county seat. Prior to the election, the sitting member, Colonel Powell of Nanteos, had indicated his intention to retire and Sir Thomas Davies Lloyd of Bronwydd, a
1542:
1492:
268:. He became an influential figure in Calvinistic Methodism, which had over 13,000 members in Cardiganshire alone, and funded the building of numerous chapels.
1527:
1146:
497:
504:
with a railway connection from the Rhondda. The project came to fruition after a lengthy parliamentary process and was completed in 1889. Described by
596:
Davies married Margaret Jones, daughter of Edward Jones of Llanfair in 1851. They had one child, Edward Davies (1852โ1898). His grandson, another
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52:
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trade on a global scale. "The Barry", as the port facility was nicknamed, quickly became Great Britain's most prolific exporter of coal.
1537:
1443:
585:
so that in winter the house was shaded from the sun because of the enclosing hills. Once he had started to amass his fortune, he built
357:
496:
By the 1880s the output from his collieries had increased to such an extent that Davies established a limited liability company, the
286:
99:
243:
Davies was the son of farmer David Davies and his wife Elizabeth and the eldest of nine children. He attended the day school at
908:
216:
609:
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clear that Sir Thomas Lloyd did not wish to bear the costs of another contested election. A meeting of prominent Liberals at
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375:
282:
1120:
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When the result was announced, Davies had polled 1,149 votes against 1,510 for Lloyd. Davies had a large majority in the
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683:
1395:
600:, continued Llandinam's philanthropic activities and was elevated to the peerage. Llandinam's two granddaughters,
353:
88:
1053:
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290:
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During his lifetime, he was also known by the nicknames, "Top Sawyer" and "Davies the Ocean". His father was a
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candidate, having initially indicated that he would retire from politics. A number of his associates such as
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convey voters who had migrated to the South Wales coalfield back to their native county to cast their votes.
75:
1522:
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1372:
429:
1379:
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842:
437:
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since the 1940s. In 2022, Girlguiding Cymru announced thet would be putting the property up for sale.
387:
prominent Liberals, especially from his own Methodist denomination. Eventually Davies was defeated by
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445:
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offered themselves as alternative Liberal candidates. A selection meeting was arranged to be held at
1362:
977:
937:
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756:
728:
646:, Davies declared in his speech accepting the nomination that he did not open letters on a Sunday.
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in 1889 and was a long-standing member and chairman of the Llandinam School Board. He was also a
972:
440:(1863, which was extended to Whitland in 1866). His greatest achievement was the section of the
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In 1884 he bought the large country house, Plas Dinam, where he died on 20 July 1890, aged 71.
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208:
134:
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Although he withdrew from political life after his defeat in 1886, Davies became a member of
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to lay as a foundation for the railway line on the bog. He later became a director of the
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in 1866. It is reputed that he bought up the entire year's production of sheep fleeces in
8:
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671:
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and held the seat until 1885, when the county and borough seats were merged under the
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In 1886, however, Davies broke with Gladstone over home rule for Ireland and at the
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Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs โ Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 1)
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was successful from the outset. The docks were crucial in the expansion of the
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32:
1326:"David Davis, Llandinam (1818โ1890), industrialist and Member of Parliament"
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452:, which opened in 1867. This included the very difficult crossing of
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and in 1875 was elected treasurer, a post which he held till 1887.
489:
481:
457:
323:
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owner. He was an important figure in the industrialisation of the
1357:
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As a result of his success in the railway trade, Davies became a
615:
Davies was a keen patron and one of the first governors of the
276:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
1299:"Cardiganshire Politics: The Liberal Ascendancy 1885โ1923"
370:
Break with the Liberal Party and the 1886 General Election
953:
913:
264:
by upbringing, Davies was teetotaller and firm about his
688:
281:
David Davies first sought election to Parliament at the
1248:"Cardiganshire Politics in the Mid-Nineteenth Century"
835:
823:
1097:"Powys tycoon's former mansion on the market for ยฃ3m"
801:
799:
642:
During his unsuccessful campaign in Cardiganshire in
319:
leases to land on which some chapels had been built.
973:"Cardiganshire Election and its lessons (editorial)"
247:
but was primarily self-educated. He began work as a
1034:
1022:
861:
811:
796:
784:
772:
608:, donated their substantial art collection to the
843:"Cardiganshire Election. Declaration of the Poll"
219:between 1874 and 1886. Davies was often known as
1469:
1145:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1543:Liberal Unionist Party parliamentary candidates
1493:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies
744:
535:Statue of David Davies, holding the plans for
336:opponent, a gift of ยฃ500 to contest the seat.
1323:
1276:"Democratic Politics in Glamorgan, 1884โ1914"
1007:Debrett's House of Commons and Judicial Bench
873:
705:
176:Plas Dinam, Llandinam, Montgomeryshire, Wales
718:
716:
714:
231:). He is best remembered today for founding
1528:British businesspeople in the coal industry
1363:contributions in Parliament by David Davies
1127:. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014
965:
925:
560:
508:as "the crowning triumph" of David Davies,
488:Valley, having founded the Parc and Maendy
277:Beginnings: the 1865 Cardiganshire election
238:
1000:
998:
996:
31:
711:
252:took over a further holding, Gwerneirin.
667:
665:
663:
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456:in the construction of the line between
344:In 1874, however, Davies was elected as
207:(18 December 1818 โ 20 July 1890) was a
1054:"The industrial legacy of David Davies"
993:
339:
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1229:The Ocean Coal Company and 'The Barry'
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724:"Death of Mr David Davies, Llandinam"
676:Top Sawyer: David Davies of Llandinam
660:
1533:People from Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
933:"Meeting in support of Mr D. Davies"
1109:"Important Broneirion Announcement"
577:and lived on the south side of the
551:Statue of David Davies outside the
470:Brecon and Merthyr Junction Railway
271:
13:
899:
16:Welsh industrialist and politician
14:
1554:
1538:19th-century Welsh businesspeople
1350:
678:(Golden Grove, Carmarthen, 1988)
1396:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1095:Prior, Neil (25 February 2023).
544:
528:
475:
354:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
1186:
1156:
1073:
1046:
434:Newtown and Machynlleth Railway
410:
1010:. London: Dean & Son. 1881
881:"Editorial [untitled]"
636:
442:Manchester and Milford Railway
418:Llanidloes and Newtown Railway
348:Member of Parliament (MP) for
223:(from the place of his birth,
1:
1331:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
1246:Jones, Ieuan Gwynedd (1964).
1018:– via Internet Archive.
653:
569:Iron bridge across the Severn
356:. He was then elected MP for
184:St Llonio's Church, Llandinam
1385:Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald
1373:Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald
1324:Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor (1959).
1164:"DAVIES FAMILY OF LLANDINAM"
430:Oswestry and Newtown Railway
7:
1488:People from Montgomeryshire
1274:Morgan, Kenneth O. (1960).
1194:"The history of Plas Dinam"
617:University College of Wales
405:
255:
10:
1559:
1215:
1168:www.llandinam-lives.org.uk
1121:"The History of the House"
438:Pembroke and Tenby Railway
384:Robert J. Davies, Cwrtmawr
215:politician who sat in the
1456:
1442:Member of Parliament for
1440:
1432:
1411:Member of Parliament for
1409:
1401:
1394:
1336:National Library of Wales
1317:
1227:Shore, Leslie M. (2022).
981:. 17 July 1886. p. 4
941:. 26 June 1886. p. 4
849:. 21 July 1865. p. 4
760:. 22 July 1865. p. 4
732:. 26 July 1890. p. 6
396:Montgomery County Council
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1198:Plas Dinam Country House
978:The Aberystwyth Observer
938:The Aberystwyth Observer
887:. 5 June 1868. p. 2
757:The Aberystwyth Observer
752:"Cardiganshire Election"
729:The Aberystwyth Observer
629:
610:National Museum of Wales
561:Personal life and family
239:Early life and education
1427:Constituency abolished
1460:William Bowen Rowlands
1380:Last Will ad Testament
570:
498:Ocean Coal Company Ltd
428:(opened in 1858), the
389:William Bowen Rowlands
221:David Davies Llandinam
135:William Bowen Rowlands
1518:Welsh philanthropists
1059:National Museum Wales
568:
426:Vale of Clwyd Railway
402:for Montgomeryshire.
376:1886 general election
363:Calvinistic Methodist
283:1865 General Election
262:Calvinistic Methodist
1513:Welsh industrialists
1405:Sir Thomas Lloyd, Bt
1115:. 22 September 2022.
340:Member of Parliament
285:when he ran for the
96:Member of Parliament
48:Member of Parliament
1523:Calvinist pacifists
1231:. Lightmoor Press.
962:, pp. 323โ324.
922:, pp. 322โ323.
424:, Davies built the
209:Welsh industrialist
1295:Morgan, Kenneth O.
1221:Books and journals
706:Bulmer-Thomas 1959
672:Ivor Bulmer-Thomas
571:
553:Barry Dock Offices
523:' coal companies.
1466:
1465:
1457:Succeeded by
1413:Cardigan Boroughs
1388:, 24 October 1890
1113:Girlguiding Cymru
1088:Llandinam Village
832:, pp. 26โ27.
602:Gwendoline Davies
591:Girlguiding Cymru
350:Cardigan Boroughs
266:Sunday observance
202:
201:
53:Cardigan Boroughs
1550:
1508:UK MPs 1885โ1886
1503:UK MPs 1880โ1885
1498:UK MPs 1874โ1880
1433:Preceded by
1402:Preceded by
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1170:. Archived from
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380:Liberal Unionist
272:Political career
217:House of Commons
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153:18 December 1818
145:Personal details
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37:Davies, c. 1880s
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606:Margaret Davies
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436:(1862) and the
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258:
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229:Montgomeryshire
189:Political party
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160:Montgomeryshire
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123:Lewis Pugh Pugh
117:
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1376:, 25 July 1890
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1351:External links
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1312:(4): 311โ346.
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1174:on 4 May 2018
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870:, p. 28.
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820:, p. 25.
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130:Succeeded by
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76:Thomas Lloyd
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25:David Davies
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1483:1890 deaths
1478:1818 births
1361:1803โ2005:
1131:5 September
1029:Morgan 1960
985:11 December
960:Morgan 1967
920:Morgan 1967
764:24 December
621:Aberystwyth
537:Barry Docks
521:South Wales
510:Barry Docks
462:Aberystwyth
450:Aberystwyth
233:Barry Docks
118:Preceded by
89:seat merged
71:Preceded by
1472:Categories
1341:13 January
1306:Ceredigion
1261:(1): 14โ41
1255:Ceredigion
1125:Broneirion
1041:Shore 2022
945:6 December
868:Jones 1964
830:Jones 1964
818:Jones 1964
806:Jones 1964
791:Jones 1964
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736:14 January
654:References
587:Broneirion
490:collieries
466:Ceredigion
310:family of
1382:from the
1370:from the
1283:Morgannwg
583:Llandinam
333:Aberaeron
312:Gogerddan
300:Aberaeron
245:Llandinam
225:Llandinam
156:Llandinam
112:1885โ1886
108:In office
65:1874โ1885
61:In office
1368:Obituary
1297:(1967).
1265:30 April
1141:cite web
1101:BBC News
891:28 March
482:colliery
458:Lampeter
446:Pencader
406:Business
324:Tregaron
256:Religion
1358:Hansard
1289:: 5โ27.
1216:Sources
555:, Barry
486:Rhondda
346:Liberal
213:Liberal
193:Liberal
162:, Wales
1318:Online
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630:Notes
502:Barry
444:from
308:Pryse
1453:1886
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1343:2014
1267:2018
1233:ISBN
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680:ISBN
644:1865
604:and
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